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Este estudo transversal tevecomo objetivo investigar a associação da idade, frequência de treino e tempo de prática com o grau de dependência ao exercício (DE) de atletas recreacionais. Participaram 159 atletas recreacionais de corrida, musculação e crossfit, com média de idade de 31,59 ± 7,98 anos, do estado de Pernambuco. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sociodemográfico para caracterizar a amostra e a Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised para medir a DE. A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio da Correlação de Spearman e a Regressão Múltipla (p < 0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram correlação significativa e positiva (p

A Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance (PSPCSA) é uma escala utilizada para identificar as auto-percepções de competência (cognitiva e física) e aceitação social (pares e maternas) de crianças na educação infantil e primeiros anos do ensino fundamental I. O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e investigar a validade de conteúdo, critério, constructo e a fidedignidade da PSPCSA para crianças brasileiras. A tradução transcultural foi utilizada, e o processo de validação foi conduzido envolvendo 33 profissionais e 667 crianças (4 a 7 anos); 159 dessas crianças responderam a PSPCSA em dois momentos. Com base nos resultados pode-se inferir que houve clareza de linguagem e pertinência das questões, elevada consistência interna (valores > 96) e fidedignidade teste-reteste (valores de r > 0,60). A PSPCSA apresentou ajustada adesão das questões com as correspondentes dimensões e sub-escalas e índices satisfatórios de validade fatorial confirmatória (Non-normed Fit Index, Comparative Fit Index e Tucker and Lewis´s Index of Fit com valores >0,81). As versões brasileiras da PSPCSA apresentam indicadores de validade para o uso com crianças brasileiras.

Introduction: Individuals with leprosy have poor musculoskeletal function and quality of life. However, whether the disease influences functional performance and physical activity is poorly understood. Aim: To compare the functional performance and physical activity levels between individuals with and without leprosy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was composed of 60 individuals (30 with leprosy and 30 healthy age-matched controls) of both sexes. The degree of disability was assessed according the World Health Organization recommendations. A functional performance core battery and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was obtained. Results: Compared with control, individuals with leprosy presented poor functional performance. No between-group differences were observed for handgrip strength or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p>0.05). Additionally, the functional impairment was higher among leprosy individuals with disability (p

Tomeleri, CM, Ribeiro, AS, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Souza, MF, Schiavoni, D, Junior, PS, Cavaglieri, CR, Cunha, PM, Venturini, D, Barbosa, DS, and Cyrino, ES. Influence of resistance training exercise order on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and anabolic hormones in older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3103-3109, 2020-The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance training (RT) exercise order on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and anabolic hormones in older women. Forty-four older women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a nonexercise control group (CON, n = 15) and two RT groups that performed a 12-week RT program in a multijoint to single-joint order (MJ-SJ, n = 14), or in a single-joint to multijoint order (SJ-MJ, n = 15). The RT protocol (3×/week) encompassed 8 exercises, with 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions performed per exercise. One repetition maximum tests were used to evaluate muscle strength; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to estimate lean soft tissue. Both training groups showed significant and similar increases in muscle strength (MJ-SJ = 16.4%; SJ-MJ = 12.7%) and mass (MJ-SJ = 7.5%; SJ-MJ = 6.1%), whereas there were no significant changes in testosterone and insulin-like growth factor 1. The results suggest that both approaches are similarly effective in eliciting morphofunctional improvements in older women.

INTRODUÇÃO: Níveis insuficientes de atividade física (AF) dos pais podem aumentar a chance de seus filhos se tornarem insuficientemente ativos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação da prática de atividade física habitual entre adolescentes e seus pais. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 140 escolares de ambos os sexos, entre 11 e 17 anos de idade, selecionados intencionalmente. O nível de atividade física habitual foi obtido através do Questionário Internacional de Atividades Físicas. Para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal foi utilizada a razão da massa corporal pelo quadrado da estatura e para composição corporal foi utilizada a espessura das dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular. Para a normalidade dos dados foi utilizado o teste de Kolmogorov Smirnov. Os dados foram expressos em mediana e intervalo interquartil. Para a comparação entre os grupos, proporções e correlação foram utilizados os testes: U de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado e Spearman respectivamente. Em todas as análises foram consideradas uma significância de 5% (p< 0,05). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de atividade física foi maior no sexo masculino (50,0%) do que no feminino (27,1%). Para a categoria dos pais ativos 88,3% dos filhos também foram categorizados ativos e na categoria dos pais inativos, 42,5% dos filhos também foram categorizados como inativos, observando associação entre prática de atividade física dos pais com a dos filhos (p

Older adults who fall recurrently (i.e., 2 or more falls/year) are at risk of functional decline and mortality. Understanding which risk factors for recurrent falls are most important will inform secondary fall prevention strategies that can reduce recurrent falls risk. Thus, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the relative risk of recurrent falls for different types of falls risk factors. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched on April 25, 2019 (Prospero Registration: CRD42019118888). We included peer-reviewed prospective studies which examined risk factors that contributed to recurrent falls in adults aged ≥ 60 years. Using the falls risk classification system of Lord and colleagues, we classified each risk factor into one of the following domains: 1) balance and mobility; 2) environmental; 3) psychological; 4) medical; 5) medication; 6) sensory and neuromuscular; or 7) sociodemographic. We calculated the summary relative risk (RR) for each domain and evaluated the risk of bias and quality of reporting. Twenty-two studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Four domains predicted recurrent falls: balance and mobility (RR:1.32;95 % CI:[1.10, 1.59]), medication (RR:1.53;95 % CI:[1.11, 2.10]), psychological (RR:1.35;95 % CI:[1.03, 1.78]), and sensory and neuromuscular (RR:1.51;95 % CI:[1.18, 1.92]). Each of these four domains can be viewed as a marker of frailty. The risk of bias was low, and the study quality was high (minimum:19/22). Older adults with markers of frailty are up to 53 % more likely to experience recurrent falls. Strategies that identify and resolve frailty markers should be a frontline approach to preventing recurrent falls.

Background: Activities which simultaneously challenge both physical and cognitive function are promising strategies for promoting cognitive function. Objective: To examine the effects of resistance exercise with instability and traditional resistance exercise compared with a health education control on cognitive function in older adults with cognitive complaints. Methods: Sixty-seven participants were randomized to either 12 weeks of thrice-weekly resistance exercise (RE = 23), RE with instability (REI = 22), or a weekly health education control (CON = 22). At each training session, RE and REI participants performed seven exercises for three sets and 10–15 repetitions. REI participants performed each exercise using instability devices. The primary outcome was a composite score of global cognitive function. Secondary outcomes included composite scores for cognitive sub-domains and physical function. Results: Most participants were women (REI: 77%; RE = 78%; CON = 77%; mean age of 71 years), and did not need transport to the intervention site. At completion, compared with CON, REI and RE did not significantly improve on global cognition or each cognitive sub-domain. Both exercise groups improved on the timed up and go (REI - CON: –1.6 s, 95% CI: [–2.6, –0.5]; RE - CON: –1.4 s, 95% CI: [–2.4, –0.5) and 1-RM (REI - CON: 24 kg, 95% CI: [11, 36]; RE - CON: 25 kg, 95% CI: [12, 37]). An exploratory contrast showed that compared with RE, REI promote greater gains on global cognition (2.20, 95% CI: [0.10, 4.31]) and memory (1.34; 95% CI: [0.15, 2.54]). Conclusion: REI did not substantially improve cognitive function but did promote physical function among older adults with cognitive complaints. However, compared with RE, REI improved global cognition and memory.

We performed a randomized, controlled trial to analyse the effects of resistance training (RT) on cognitive and physical function among older adults. Fifty participants (mean age 67 years, ~60% woman) were randomly assigned to an RT program or a control group. Participants allocated to RT performed three sets of 10-15RM in nine exercises, three times per week, for 12-weeks. Control group did not perform any exercise. Variables included cognitive (global and executive function) and physical function (gait, mobility and strength) outcomes. At completion of the intervention, RT was shown to have significantly mitigated the drop in selective attention and conflict resolution performance (Stroop test: -494.6; 95%CI: -883.1; -106.1) and promoted a significant improvement in working memory (digit span forward: -0.6; 95%CI: -1.0; -0.1 and forward minus backward: -0.9; 95% CI: -1.6; -0.2) and verbal fluency (animal naming: +1.4, 95%CI 0.3, 2.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for other cognitive outcomes. Regarding physical function, at completion of the intervention, the RT group demonstrated improved fast-pace gait performance (-0.3; 95% CI: -0.6; -0.0) and 1-RM (+21.4 kg; 95%CI: 16.6; 26.2). No significant between-group differences were observed for other mobility-related outcomes. In conclusion, RT improves cognitive and physical function of older adults.

A Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance (PSPCSA) é uma escala utilizada para identificar as auto-percepções de competência (cognitiva e física) e aceitação social (pares e maternas) de crianças na educação infantil e primeiros anos do ensino fundamental I. O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e investigar a validade de conteúdo, critério, constructo e a fidedignidade da PSPCSA para crianças brasileiras. A tradução transcultural foi utilizada, e o processo de validação foi conduzido envolvendo 33 profissionais e 667 crianças (4 a 7 anos); 159 dessas crianças responderam a PSPCSA em dois momentos. Com base nos resultados pode-se inferir que houve clareza de linguagem e pertinência das questões, elevada consistência interna (valores > 96) e fidedignidade teste-reteste (valores de r > 0,60). A PSPCSA apresentou ajustada adesão das questões com as correspondentes dimensões e sub-escalas e índices satisfatórios de validade fatorial confirmatória (Non-normed Fit Index, Comparative Fit Index e Tucker and Lewis´s Index of Fit com valores >0,81). As versões brasileiras da PSPCSA apresentam indicadores de validade para o uso com crianças brasileiras.

Tomeleri, CM, Nunes, JP, Souza, MF, Gerage, AM, Marcori, A, Iarosz, KC, Cardoso-Júnior, CG, and Cyrino, ES. Resistance exercise order does not affect the magnitude and duration of postexercise blood pressure in older women. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1062-1070, 2020-The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 resistance exercise order on postexercise blood pressure (BP) in trained nonhypertensive older women. Sixteen women (68.3 ± 3.3 years, 63.5 ± 11.6 kg, 157.5 ± 5.1 cm) performed 2 sessions with 8 exercises (3 sets of 8-12 repetitions) in distinct orders (from multi- to single-joint exercises [MS] or from single- to multijoint exercises [SM]) and a control session (CS), without exercise. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were obtained pre- and postsessions (60 minutes). Postexercise hypotension was observed for systolic BP (SBP) and mean BP in both the MS session (SBP: -6.9 mm Hg, mean BP: -3.3 mm Hg, p ≤ 0.05) and SM session (SBP: -4.6 mm Hg; mean BP: -1.1 mm Hg). Postexercise HR was higher than presession values until 30 minutes of recovery in both training sessions. Furthermore, SBP and mean BP, and HR were lower than the values obtained in the CS (30-60 minutes and 0 minutes, respectively; p ≤ 0.05). There were no differences between the SM and MS sessions in any variable or at any moment. In conclusion, resistance exercise order does not interfere in the magnitude and duration of postexercise hypotension in trained nonhypertensive older women.

Background The aim of this study was to examine the relation between phase angle (PhA) and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in older women. Methods One hundred and fifty-five physically independent older women participated in this study (67.7 ± 5.7 years, 27.0 ± 4.4 kg/m2). Inflammatory markers included interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and acute phase reactive protein (CRP). Oxidative stress biomarkers comprised superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP). A spectral bioelectrical impedance device was used to estimate resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) at frequency 50 kHz, and subsequently PhA was calculated as arc-tangent (Xc / R) × 180° / π. The covariates appendicular lean soft-tissue (ALST), trunk fat mass, and total body fat were determined by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression analysis was conducted to further test if PhA is related with the dependent variables, after adjusting for potential covariates. Results After controlling for the potential covariates (age, trunk fat mass, ALST, and number of diseases) PhA exhibited a significant inverse relation with IL-6 (β = − 0.97; P 0.05). Conclusion Our findings show that PhA is a simple and relevant explanatory variable which is related inflammatory and stress oxidative markers in physically independent older women, regardless of age, number of diseases, and body composition.

Background There is controversial information regarding the effects of resistance training (RT) on the reduction of risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related phenotypes, particularly, in older women. This study analyzed the effects of a 12-week RT program without dietary interventions on MetS components and inflammatory biomarkers in older women. Methods Fifty-three older women (70.4 ± 5.7 years; 26.7 ± 4.0 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a training group (TG, n = 26) that performed 12 weeks of RT program or a control group (CG, n = 27) that did not perform any type of physical exercise (same period). Body composition (DXA), muscular strength (1RM tests), blood pressure (BP), and blood sample measurements were performed pre- and post-intervention. Results The RT intervention reduced significantly (P < 0.05) glucose (TG = -20.4% vs. CG = -0.3%), waist circumference (TG = -1.5% vs. CG = +2.0%), and Systolic BP (TG = -6.2% vs. CG = +0.9%), besides complete normalization of MetS (18% at baseline) in TG. Moreover, TG showed a decreasing in the concentrations of CRP (TG = -28.6% vs. CG = +34.5%), and TNF-α (TG = -21.6% vs. CG = +13.3%), in addition to positive improvements in the MetS Z-score (TG = -21.6% vs. CG = +13.3%). Conclusion Our results suggest that 12-wk RT seems to be effective for reducing MetS components and inflammatory biomarkers in older women, regardless of dietary intervention. RT-induced adaptations on body composition and inflammatory biomarkers appear to be related to healthy adaptations in risk factors for MetS.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with 1 or 3 sets per exercise on osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome parameters in older women. Sixty-two older women (68.0 ± 4.3 years, 26.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2) participated in a 12-week RT program. Participants were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: two training groups that performed either 1 set (G1S, n = 21) or 3 sets (G3S, n = 20) 3 times weekly, or a control group (CG, n = 21). Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, strength was evaluated by 1 repetition maximum testing. The G3S presented significantly higher strength changes than G1S. The changes for percentage of body fat were higher for G3S compared to G1S. There was no difference in skeletal muscle mass between G3S and G1S, however both training groups displayed greater increases in this outcome compared to CG. There was no effect for bone mineral density. The overall analysis indicated higher (P

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of two different resistance training (RT) prescription methods on phase angle (PA) in older women. Seventy-six older women (68.5 ± 5.7 years) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: two training groups that performed an eight-week RT programme either in a constant load (CT, n = 25) or an ascending pyramidal load (PR, n = 26) routine three times per week, or a control group (CG, n = 25) that performed no exercise. The CT programme consisted of three sets of 8-12 repetition maximum (RM) with a constant load for the three sets, whereas the PR training consisted of three sets of 12/10/8 RM with incremental loads for each set. PA was assessed by whole-body spectral bioelectrical impedance. After the RT period, both CT and PR achieved higher (P .05) values of PA (CT = 5.76 ± 0.59°, PR = 5.63 ± 0.61°, CG = 5.48 ± 0.46°) compared to the CG; however, there was no difference (P .05) between trained groups. The results suggest that eight weeks of RT based on a PR and CT load routines promote an improvement in PA, and both prescription methods performed similarly.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:01:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-10-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Background and purpose: There is a growing body of evidence indicating that phase angle (PhA) can be used as an indicator of nutritional status, disease prognosis, and mortality risk; however, it is still unknown whether PhA can be used as an explanator of functional capacity and muscle quality in older women. The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore whether PhA is associated with muscle quality and functional capacity in older women, regardless of total and regional body composition. Methods: A total of 125 older women-66.7 (4.7) years; 65.6 (10.9) kg body mass; 156.1 (5.2) cm height; 26.9 (4.0) kg/m(2) body mass index-participated in this study. Anthropometric, PhA, body composition (whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and muscle quality (defined as total muscular strength per kilogram of appendicular lean soft tissue) were measured. The functional capacity was assessed by 4 tests: 10-m walk test, rising from sitting position, rising from ventral decubitus position, and rising from a chair and walking around the house. The summing z-scores for the 4 tests was used as a continuous functional capacity score. Linear regression analysis was conducted to test whether PhA is related to the dependent variables (muscle quality and functional capacity), after adjusting for potential covariates. Results: The PhA presented a small-to-moderate relationship with muscle quality (r = 0.27; P

Aim: Resistance exercise (RE) is a widely accepted strategy to counteract the effects of aging and chronic diseases on health-related outcomes. Studies have been suggested that RE improves brain and cognitive health. RE with unstable devices (REI) is a neuromotor complexity strategy with the potential to improve strength, power, and balance in onder adults, however, their effects on neurocognitive function in individuals at risk of cognitive decline are poorly understood. Thus, we describe the REI study protocol, a randomized clinical trial design to assess the effects of 12-weeks of REI and RE on neurocognitive functions in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints. Methods: The sample will consist of individuals (aged 65 or older) with subjective cognitive complaints, who will be randomized in one of three experimental groups: control, RE or REI. Participants of the RE group will receive 12-weeks of progressive resistance training (seven exercises structured into 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, three times per week). Participants of the REI group will receive the same RE protocol performed on unstable devices that promote progressive instability. The control group received a health education program. The primary outcome is a composite score of neurocognitive functions. Secondary outcomes include each separately neurocognitive domain, functional performance, balance, falls-related parameters, cardiovascular and mood variables. The study results will provide information to design a future and larger preventive trial on populations at risk of cognitive decline and dementia, which is imperative in public health terms. Trial registration: Brazilian registry of clinical trials number RBR-4kqs22.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of RT performed in a pyramid (PR) and traditional (TD) straight set training system on muscle quality and metabolic biomarkers in older women. Twenty-five physically independent older women (67.6±5.1years, 65.9±11.1kg, 154.7±5.8cm) performed a RT program in TD and PR training systems in a balanced crossover design. Measurements of muscle quality, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were obtained at different moments. The TD program consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum (RM) with a constant weight for the 3 sets, whereas the PR training consisted of 3 sets of 12/10/8 RM with incremental weight for each set. The training was performed in 2 phases of 8weeks each, with a 12-week washout period between phases. Significant (P

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:52:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:29:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1980-65742018000100304.pdf: 489223 bytes, checksum: 0b1267498c3e52f2610234f61a0de096 (MD5) Aim: This study investigated the correlation between post-exercise hypotension (PEH) and chronic blood pressure (BP) reduction in older women after a resistance training (RT) program. Methods: Twenty-five older women (≥60 years) performed a RT program for 8 weeks, 3x/week consisting of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum in 8 exercises. Acute and chronic BP measurements were performed using automatic equipment, in which acute BP was measured before and after 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min following the sixth exercise session, while chronic BP was measured pre and post-training. Results: Significant decrease for systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed after the intervention period, however, the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not change. To acute changes in BP, SBP decreased at all times after a single RT session, while DBP increased after 40 min. The reduction for SBP after a single RT session at baseline showed positive and significant correlations with the reductions in basal SBP observed after the 8 weeks of RT, the strongest correlations were observed at 20 min. A linear relationship between the magnitude of change in chronic SBP and the 20 min for acute SBP, and 30 min for acute DBP of post-exercise was observed. Conclusion: The results suggest that acute BP lowering after RT session is a reliable predictor of chronic BP response to exercise training, and 20 min of resting, after RT training, is enough to indicate chronic response of BP as this measure was highly associated with chronic BP lowering in older women. Universidade Estadual de Londrina UEL Universidade Do Norte Do Paraná UNOPAR Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina UFSC Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco UNIVASF Universidade Estadual Do Paraná UNESPAR Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Exercise Science Program Truman State University Universidade Estadual Do Paraná UNESPAR Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of blood pressure (BP) according to somatic maturation in Southern Brazilian adolescents. A total of 1321 adolescents participated in the study (732 girls), aged between 10 and 16 years, enrolled in public schools. The assessment of BP was performed using oscillometric equipment. Measurements of body weight, height, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness were performed. Somatic maturation was estimated by the age at peak height velocity. Behavioral and hereditary variables were obtained using a questionnaire. Early‐maturing adolescents had the highest prevalence of high BP (28%; 95% confidence interval, 24.6–33.5) compared with other maturational groups (P=.003). In late‐maturing adolescents, the variables associated with BP were paternal hypertension (systolic BP: β=4.9; diastolic BP: β=5.3) and early physical activity (systolic BP: β=−4.0; diastolic DBP: β=−3.6). In average‐maturing adolescents, waist circumference (systolic BP: β=0.3), body mass index (diastolic BP: β=0.5), and mother's hypertension (diastolic BP: β=1.8) were positively related to BP. In early‐maturing adolescents, only waist circumference (systolic BP: β=0.3; diastolic BP: β=0.3) was associated with BP. The authors conclude that the prevalence of high BP is greater in adolescents with early maturity and the outcome appears to be related to biological indicators in this group. On the other hand, in late‐maturing adolescents, behavioral and hereditary variables are more related to BP.

Objectives To analyze the relationship between different physical activity (PA) domains and sociodemographic, psychological, behavioral and biological factors in Brazilian adolescents. Methods 1,220 adolescents (55.1% female) aged between 10 and 16 years-old participated in this study. The Baecke questionnaire was used to evaluate different PA domains, namely occupational, sports and leisure-time. Socioeconomic status, number of siblings, friendships satisfaction, mother's and father's PA level and previous experience with sports were self-reported. Cardiorespiratory fitness, waist circumference, and somatic maturity were estimated by objective indicators. Linear regression was used for the main statistical analysis. Results The variables consistently related to all of the PA domains were gender (boys more active), friendship satisfaction (positive with sports and leisure-time PA and negative with occupational PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (positive). There were also domain-specific relationships for occupational (number of siblings [β = 0.02] and father's PA [β = 0.13]), sport practice (previous experience with sports [β = 0.33], waist circumference [β = 0.01] and somatic maturity [β = −0.12]) and leisure-time PA (chronological age [β = −0.15], mother's PA [β = 0.47] and previous experience with sports [β = 0.17]). Conclusions The different domains of PA are related to specific variables in adolescence. This information may be helpful in formulating strategies for physical activity promotion, particularly in adolescents from low-to-middle income countries. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

BACKGROUND: Studies are conflicting as to whether single-set resistance training (RT) are as effective as multi-set protocols with respect to promoting muscular adaptations. Several meta-analyses have shown that a clear dose-response relationship exists between RT volume and muscular adaptations. However, a majority of studies were not specific to older individuals, particularly women. OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in strength and body composition in elderly women following 1 vs. 3 sets of RT. METHODS: Thirty older women participated in a 12-week supervised total body RT program. Participants were randomly assigned to perform either 1 set (G1S) or 3 sets (G3S) per session. All other RT variables were held constant. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength was evaluated by 1RM in chest press and knee extension. RESULTS: Increases in strength were significantly (p 0.05) differences were noted in body composition components between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that multiple set protocols are required to optimize strength gains in older women. Changes in body composition appear to be similar irrespective of training volume during the initial stages of RT.

This study analyzed the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on resting blood pressure (BP) and plasma levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) in pre- and hypertensive older women, and evaluated the relationship between these 2 parameters. Thirty-five older women (68.2±5.7 years, 70.0±14.4 kg, 157.1±6.4 cm, 28.3±5.0 kg.m −2 ) were randomly allocated into a training group (TG; n=17), which performed a 12-week RT program, and a control group (CG; n=18), which did not perform any physical exercise. Anthropometry, one repetition maximum (1RM), body composition analysis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood samples, and resting BP were measured. There was a significant interaction for all variables analyzed, in which reductions of systolic BP (−8.5%), diastolic BP (−8.4%), and mean arterial pressure (−8.5%), and increases of NOx (+35.2%) were observed only for the TG. Moreover, a negative and significant correlation was observed (P

The purpose of the present study was to analyze whether improvements in fast walking speed induced by resistance training (RT) are associated with changes in body composition, muscle quality, and muscular strength in older women.Twenty-three healthy older women (69.6 ± 6.4 years, 64.95 ± 12.9 kg, 1.55 ± 0.07 m, 27.06 ± 4.6 kg/m²) performed a RT program for 8 weeks consisting of 8 exercises for the whole body, 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 times a week. Anthropometric, body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], skeletal muscle mass [SMM], legs lean soft tissue [LLST], fat mass), knee extension muscular strength (KE1RM), muscle quality index (MQI [KE1RM/LLST]), and 10-meter walking test (10-MWT) were performed before and after the intervention.Significant (P .05) changes were observed from pre- to post-training for FFM (+1.6%), MQI (+7.2%), SMM (+2.4%), LLST (+1.8%), KE1RM (+8.6%), fat mass (-1.4%), and time to perform 10-MWT (-3.7%). The percentage change in 10-MWT was significantly associated with percentage change in MQI (r = -0.46, P = .04) and KE1RM (r = -0.45, P = .04), however not associated percentage of changes in SMM (r = 0.01, P = .97), LLST (r = -0.22, P = .33), and body fat (r = 0.10, P = .66).We conclude that the improvement in the 10-MWT after an 8-week RT program is associated with increases in lower limb muscular strength and muscle quality, but not with muscle mass or body fat changes in older women.

Background: Patients on oncologic palliative care (OPC), due to diverse symptomatology and variable severity, tend to present polypharmacy that, although it seems justifiable in many cases, can pose health risks and negative consequences on patients’ quality of life. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the presence of possible therapeutic futilities, guiding the process of deprescription, in which there is a reduction in the amount of medication after reviewing the treatment objectives and assessing risks and benefits. Aim: The objective of this study was to identify the main classes of drugs that are candidates for the deprescribing for OPC patients by reviewing the literatura of the last 8 years. Methods: The bibliographic search was performed in the Medline and LILACS databases. Inclusion criteria were articles published between 2010 and 2018, which dealt with the topic of deprescription in CPO. The publications were analyzed for Qualis and the level of scientific evidence, in order to identify the main drugs candidates for deprescription. Results: Twenty articles were evaluated, being only 4 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), with level II of scientific evidence. Among the classes of drugs that are candidates for deprescription, the following stand out: statins (20.37%) and antihypertensives (20.07%). ECRs that corroborate with scientific evidence of quality need to be developed for guidelines that make it possible to prescribe, especially for the population in CPO. Conclusion: We highlight the importance of the use of tools to identify inappropriate medicines, and the use of medication conciliation as a means of identifying them, as well as pharmacotherapeutic follow-up.

Phase angle (PhA) is an angular-derived bioelectrical impedance parameter based on resistance and reactance that has been widely used in different populations as an objective indicator of cellular health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of resistance training (RT) on PhA in older women. Forty-one older women (67.2 ± 4.5 years, 64.0 ± 12.3 kg, 154.7 ± 5.2 cm, and 26.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a training group (TG, n = 19) that underwent progressive RT for 12 weeks (eight exercises, three sets of 10–15 repetitions maximum, three times per week) or a control group (CG, n = 22) that did not perform any type of exercise during the intervention period. Resistance, reactance, PhA, total body water (TBW), intracellular (ICW) and extracellular (ECW) water were assessed by spectral bioelectrical impedance. There was a significant group by time interaction (P

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on inflammatory levels, lipid and glycemic profile in obese older women. Thirty-eight obese older women (68.2±4.2years, and 41.0±6.2% of body fat) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: A training group (TG, n=19) that performed 8weeks of RT; or a control group (CG, n=19) that did not perform any type of exercise. The RT program consisted of 8 whole-body exercises for 3 sets of 10-15 repetition maximum (RM) carried out 3 times a week. Anthropometric, body composition (DXA), muscular strength (1RM), and blood sample measurements were performed pre- and post-training. After the intervention period, the TG demonstrated significantly (P

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a progressive resistance training (RT) program on C-reactive protein (CRP), blood glucose (GLU), and lipid profile in older women with differing levels of RT experience. Sixty-five older women (68.9 ± 6.1 years, 67.1 ± 13.1 kg) were separated according to RT experience: an advanced group composed by 35 participants who previously carried out 24 weeks of RT and a novice group composed by 30 participants without previous experience in RT (n = 30). Both groups performed a RT program comprised of eight exercises targeting all the major muscles. Training was carried out 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), GLU, and CRP concentrations were determined pre- and post- intervention after 12 h fasting. A significant group by time interaction (P

Warm-up has been shown to mediate numerous acute physiological alterations that have been purported to confer beneficial effects on performance. This study investigated the acute effects of different warm-up procedures on resistance training performance. Employing a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, 15 men performed 3 exercises (4 sets of bench press, squat, and arm curl at 80% of 1RM) to failure in 4 conditions (control, specific, aerobic, and combined). Outcome measures included the sum of repetitions and a fatigue index measuring the decline between sets. There was no significant difference for the sum of repetitions or for fatigue index among conditions for the 3 exercises. Performance in the resistance training exercises was not influenced by warm-up.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the specific training load during a resistance training (RT) programme designed to increase muscular hypertrophy in men and women. Thirty-four women (22.7 ± 4.1 years, 58.8 ± 11.9 kg, 162.6 ± 6.2 cm and 22.1 ± 3.6 kg.m(-2)) and 30 men (22.7 ± 4.4 years, 68.4 ± 9.0 kg, 174.5 ± 6.6 cm and 22.5 ± 2.4 kg.m(-2)) underwent a supervised RT programme that was divided into two phases of 8 weeks each. Training consisted of 10-12 exercises performed with three sets of 8-12 repetitions at repetition maximum resistances performed 3 times per week on nonconsecutive days. There was a significant (P0.05) main effect for gender by time interaction for average training load of all the exercises performed in the first 8 weeks of RT with women showing a higher relative increase than men (+43.6% vs. +32.5%, respectively). This result was not observed during the second 8-week phase of the RT programme during which no significant gender by time interaction (P0.05) was shown with both genders having a similar relative increase (+28.7% vs. +24.3%, respectively). Women had a higher increase than men in specific average training load of the upper limb exercises during both the first 8 weeks of training (+30.2% vs. +26.6%, respectively) and the second 8 weeks of training (+31.1% vs. +25.3%, respectively). We conclude that the adaptation in specific training load is influenced by gender.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influencia de diferentes ordens de execucao de exercicios com pesos sobre o volume total de treino. Dez homens (27,0±5,2 anos; 68,0±7,9 kg; 175,0±7,0 cm; 22,0±2,3 kg/m 2 ) realizaram duas sessoes experimentais: sequencia A (SEQA - iniciada com exercicios para os grandes grupos musculares) e sequencia B (SEQB - iniciada com exercicio para os pequenos grupos musculares). Na SEQA, os exercicios foram executados na seguinte ordem: supino reto, puxada atras, desenvolvimento, triceps no pulley , rosca direta, cadeira extensora, mesa flexora e panturrilha no leg press. Na SEQB adotou-se a ordem: rosca direta, triceps no pulley , desenvolvimento, puxada atras, supino reto, panturrilha no leg press , mesa flexora e cadeira extensora. As cargas de treino foram ajustadas previamente, de acordo com a posicao do exercicio dentro de cada sequencia. O volume total da sessao de treino foi semelhante entre as sessoes (SEQA= 82050 ± 6258 kg e SEQB= 85466 ± 9614 kg; P >0,05). Diferencas significantes foram identificadas no volume total entre as sequencias nos exercicios supino reto (SEQA > SEQB; P pulley (SEQB > SEQA; P