Search

Self-efficacy—the belief in using abilities for a specific purpose—is an indicator of engagement. Self-efficacy anticipates the positive results of the actions undertaken due to the knowledge and skills possessed. Within the concept of self-efficacy, we will also mention generalized self-efficacy, i.e. a person's view of himself as capable of effectively performing a wide variety of tasks and performing in a wide variety of situations. Self-efficacy has an important role in learning and developing new skills and knowledge; this applies both to patients and to the doctor or medical staff. Perceived self-efficacy helps to account for such diverse phenomena as changes in coping behavior produced by different modes of influence, the level of physiological stress reactions, self-regulation of refractory behavior, resignation and discouragement from failure. By making a correlation between self-efficacy and the patient's behavior, we can also ascertain the psychobehavioral effect this has on the patient. The quantification of the patient's self-efficacy level is directly proportional to his possibility to overcome the disease along with the involvement of other direct or indirect factors. The study was carried out on a group of 157 patients (age range 18-74 years). The questionnaire with specific questions from the internationally recognized self-efficacy scale “The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)” was used. The obtained results will follow the correlation of the self-efficacy level of the patients with the paternalistic, consumerist, participative and training physician relationship.

Aim of the study. The purpose of this article was to review current confirmation on opinion, risk assessment, and prevention, compare the implications of fixed braces and invisible aligners, and evaluate possible implications on periodontal status. Material and methods. A manual literature search was performed using the PubMed, Wolters Kluwer, and Cochrane databases. For evaluation keywords such as “invisible aligners” and “periodontal health” in different combinations were used during the study methodology. Results. The comparison at the baseline (T0) showed increased bleeding on probing BOP in the fixed orthodontic group, supporting that when no adequate information is provided to the patients, poorer oral hygiene can be observed in patients wearing multibracket appliances. The periodontal parameters, like plaque index PI showed beat values in T2 compared to T0 and T1 in the fixed orthodontic appliance group, while the clear aligners group showed an increase in PI value in T2 compared to T0. Conclusions. The groups treated with Clear aligner appear to be facilitated in hygiene procedures and therefore patients with periodontal problems are more directed to be treated with clear aligners in order to avoid further risks to the periodontium.

Introduction. Dento-maxillary anomalies are characterized by changes in the size, shape, position and inclination of the morphological elements that make up the stomatognathic system. Recent studies demonstrate the fact that not only traumatic occlusion (OT) is the etiological factor of TMJ dysfunction. But muscular factors, vicious habits and dento-maxillary anomalies are also involved. Created by the Marti Helkimo in 1972 to investigate the prevalence and severity of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction. Material and method. The study was carried out on a group of 78 patients from the personal case with various dentomaxillary anomalies and TMJ suffering. We statistically processed the data obtained from the clinical examination, in order to compare the situation of patients with temporomandibular dysfunction compared to that of patients without joint disorders at the time of the initial examination. Results. Most patients with class II/2 anomalies: 42.86% presented an anamnestic index of I, and a percentage of 20.69% had a Helkimo anamnestic index of II. So with this type of anomaly, the patients indicated obvious signs of ATM dysfunction. The Helkimo anamnestic index had the highest scores in the II/2 anomaly in the female sex, followed by class II/1 anomalies in the male gender. This index correlates better with the clinical one in the female for all types of anomalies. Conclusion. The most important examination in the case of TMJ pathology is represented by the thorough clinical examination. There is a directly proportional relationship between the degree of severity of the malocclusion and the Helkimo index points.

Our questionnaire-based study with 14 items proposed an investigation of the dental practitioners' opinions and knowledge of lasers, especially on the diode lasers application in Endodontics. The number of respondents was 104, with a higher percentage of 44.2% between 23-30 years old and 61.5% women. 86.5% of the participants worked in the private dental system. 80.8% of the respondents stated that they do not use the diode laser in their daily practice. Only 43.3% considered diode lasers useful in the sterilization of root canals, and 87.5% of respondents considered the sodium hypochlorite the most effective antiseptic. Among those who do not use laser systems, 76.9% were complaining about the high costs of this equipment. 65.4% of the respondents stated they never used the diode laser during endodontic treatment, and the most frequent use was for sterilizing the infected root canals. 87.5% did not know which wavelength to use in practice. Asked if they would like to learn how to use the laser system, 76.9% (80) of respondents answered affirmatively, and 45.2% of study participants said they wanted to purchase a laser system in the future. There is a great need to educate dentists to use diode lasers and make them aware of their advantages. The only problem at present is the need for more affordable laser equipment.

Interproximal enamel reduction (IER) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure commonly used in orthodontics to address both functional and aesthetic issues. Its mechanical effects on enamel surfaces induce the formation of grooves, furrows, scratches, depressions, and valleys. The aim of this study was to assess the enamel surface roughness resulting after the application of currently available methods for interproximal reduction. Ninety freshly extracted human teeth were divided into six groups and subjected to the stripping procedure, using a different method for each group (diamond burs, abrasive strips of 90 μm, 60 μm, 40 μm, 15 μm, and abrasive discs). A single individual performed stripping according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, involving interproximal reduction on one tooth’s proximal face and leaving the other side untreated. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the enamel surfaces was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), obtaining 2D and volumetric 3D images of the enamel surface microstructure and nanostructure. The study found that diamond burs and abrasive strips of 60 μm and 90 μm increased enamel roughness due to intense de-structuring effects, while the 40 μm polisher had a gentler effect and 15 μm abrasive strips and polishing discs preserved enamel surface quality and removed natural wear traces.

Radiological diagnosis in dental medicine is of overwhelming importance, helping the dentist to develop and justify his final diagnosis. They are increasingly common situations where diagnosis can only be determined radiologically. It is the patient's right to be informed about his or her state of health and at the same time we add a doctor's duty. In our material, we tried to highlight the impact on the patient the conducting and communicating the outcome of radiological investigations, to prove that there is fear of irradiation and to understand how the radiological image that demonstrates a poor orodental health entails the need for rehabilitation. This statistical study was performed on a total of 223 subjects (128 female subjects and 95 male subjects). The subjects of the study were asked questionnaires whose questions highlight the confirmation or rejection of the proposed objectives. The results obtained will show to what extent the patients have quantified the requirements of the questionnaires. Obtaining responses with a slightly surprising character certifies the rigor of our research.

Dental-maxillary anomalies are accompanied by changes in the interbasal maxillary ratio in all reference planes, with influences on the functionality of articular structures. These joint changes not detected in time and not included in the treatment plan may worsen while wearing fixed appliances, as orthodontic treatment changes the cranio-mandibular position and causes cranio-mandibular reshaping. The articulator is an instrument that reproduces more or less all mandible movements. TMJ characteristics of skeletal dento-maxillary anomalies, especially class II sagittal pattern mainly reflected in condylar position rather than morphology. TMJ of different vertical patterns differed more in joint spaces, position of condyle and glenoid fossa than in morphologic measurements. Vertical position of glenoid fossa and proportion of posterior condyle increased gradually from hypodivergent to hyperdivergent. Highest glenoid fossa position, maximum ratio of posterior positioned condyle, smallest joint spaces, shallowest glenoid fossa depth, and narrowest condylar long axis diameter were found in skeletal class. The patients with high angle have considerable joint instable factors, and we should especially pay attention when orthodontic treatment is carried out on them. The condyle-fossa position and morphology differ with various vertical facial patterns in individuals with skeletal Class II mandibular retrognathism. These differences could be considered during temporo-mandibular diagnosis and orthodontic treatment.

OED and the dictionary of the world defines a "doctor" 700 years ago and today as a "teacher". The root word for the word doctor derives from Latin "docere", which means "to teach". The doctor contributes to educating patients about a number of medical conditions (the patient is experiencing a number of diseases). In essence, the doctor has the role as a teacher. Doctor-patient interaction works on relational models. The physician-trainer paradigm is required to be introduced to improve patient status. The physician-trainer model is a participatory model that results in achieving the patient's well-being and improving his/her health; the physician uses his or her capacity as a trainer, that is, he has the ability to form and instill adequate conduct for each patient. In this paper, besides highlighting the appetence for the relationship between the trainer and the patient, we tried to quantify the patient's acceptance of the treatment with/without continuous monitoring of the disease (chronic diseases), the degree of reasonableness in accepting the therapeutic behavior, and lastly how the individual feels the change of his status in the patient. The study was conducted on a total of 217 subjects (125 female subjects and 92 male subjects). The applied questionnaire contained 18 questions, structured to help us confirm or not the study's objectives. The results obtained will show us the level of appetite for the trainer-patient relationship.

Interproximal enamel reduction, also known as stripping, is a common orthodontic procedure that reduces the mesiodistal diameter of teeth, allowing for a balance of available space in dental arches. The aim of this study was to assess the enamel surface microhardness resulting from the application of currently available methods for interproximal reduction. Forty-two extracted human permanent teeth were divided into six different groups, each subjected to a therapeutic stripping procedure using various methods (i.e., diamond burs, abrasive strips of 90 μm, 60 μm, 40 μm, and 15 μm, and abrasive discs). Stripping was performed by a single individual in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations for the various systems used. One of the proximal faces of the tooth underwent IPR, while the other side remained untreated for control. The hardness of the enamel surface was measured using a Vickers hardness tester. The control group achieved the hardest enamel surface (354.4 ± 41.02 HV1), while the lowest was observed for enamel surfaces treated with 90 µm abrasive strips (213.7 ± 118.6). The only statistically significant difference was identified in comparisons between the values measured for the control group and those obtained after stripping with diamond burs (p = 0.0159). Enamel microhardness varied depending on the stripping instrument used, but no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Optimal microhardness values, close to those of healthy enamel, were achieved after mechanical treatment with 15 µm abrasive strips and abrasive discs. Dental stripping is a safe therapeutic procedure that has a relatively minor influence on the microhardness of surface enamel.

Background: Tooth decay is considered a global scourge by the World Health Organization (WHO) starting at an early age. In recent years, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has regained interest, particularly in pediatric dentistry, used to prevent the development of carious lesions or arrest their progression. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess, through a systematic review of the literature, the effectiveness of SDF, used in pedodontics, in temporary teeth, in preventing or arresting dental caries. Material and Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The effect of SDF on both temporary and permanent teeth has been considered. Results: The inclusion criteria identified 16 randomized controlled trials involving patients aged 18 months to 13 years and followed over a period of 12–30 months. Conclusions: SDF is a practical, accessible and effective non-invasive way to prevent and arrest caries in temporary and permanent teeth. Its application requires regular monitoring. The resulting black spot is diminished by immediate application of potassium iodide but this may affect its effectiveness.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different light curing times on the shear strength and remanence index of the adhesive. The light curing intensity was presented by Woodpecker LED light curing unit (2500 mw/cm2). The study was performed on groups of extracted premolars: The first and second groups had a light-curing time of 3 seconds, and the third and fourth groups had a light-curing time of 6 seconds. However, the first and third groups were tested after 24 hours, and the second and fourth groups after 14 days. The study showed that increasing the light curing intensity, exposure time and the time after the brackets bonding will increase SBS and will decrease ARI on the other hand, using light curing unit (2500 mw/cm2) with 6 seconds light exposer will produce sufficient SBS, and 3 seconds light cure exposer (2500 mw/cm2) will produce insufficient SBS.

Aim of the study: This article aims at presenting a case of six upper veneers both using a full digital protocol and an analog protocol respectively in order to assess the esthetic and functional outcomes, workflow, time, costs and patient’s preferences. Material and Methods: For the digital workflow, a previsualization of the case was made using Smile Cloud application. A digital wax-up was performed and a printed model was used for the clinical mock-up. Guided teeth preparations from canine to canine according to the approved initial design were performed together with an intraoral scanning. Six upper monolithic veneers were milled. For the conventional method, analog data acquisition was performed in order to design the analog wax-up. Further, a mock-up was made in order to assess the future esthetic and functional result. After intraoral scanning of the preps, in the same appointment, polyether impressions, a facebow and occlusal registrations and a shade map were sent to the dental technician in order to design six upper feldspathic veneers. Results: The final restorations chosen by the patient were those made by using the digital workflow due to the final esthetic result: natural micro and macro textures, shade integration with the adjacent teeth and improved tooth and tooth-to-tooth proportions. Conclusions: The digital workflow was less time consuming, more predictable and less provocative in terms of possible incidents and corrections. Concerning esthetics outcomes, a better macro and micro texture of the final milled veneers was obtained.

In today's society, patients who turn to the orthodontist want final results in the shortest possible time, with maximum emphasis on smile aesthetics, dental alignment and facial harmony. In this regard, some procedures have emerged to accelerate the movement of teeth through the alveolar bone, thus shortening the duration of active treatment: corticotomy, application of mini-implants, etc. Of these methods, bone anchorage on mini-implants is increasingly popular among adult patients, as it is a versatile technique that ensures a stable, bony anchorage and more predictable final results. Compared to implantology in prosthodontics, which has a long history, mini- orthodontic implants emerged later in medical practice. In 1998, Shapiro and Kokich described for the first time the possibility of using dental implants for anchorage in orthodontic therapy. Odman J et al. (Upsala University, Sweden) applied implants to patients with partial edentulousness. The results were favorable, leading the authors to recommend the technique for adult partial edentulousness. Kanomi (1997) showed that a 1.2 mm diameter titanium mini- implant provides anchorage for the intrusion of the lower front teeth. After 4 months, the mandibular incisors were intruded by 6 mm without root resorption. Birte Melsen et al. (1998) introduced the use of zygomatic ligatures as anchorage in patients with partial edentulousness. To this they attached nickel-titanium springs for intrusion and retraction of maxillary incisors. Hugo de Clerk (2008) used 4 mini-implants (Bollard type) inserted into the infra-zygomatic crest in patients with Angle class III anomalies. He used 2 mini-implants with hooks in the chin area, and patients wore Class III 150 grams elastics on each side. This direct anchorage also has orthopedic effects, with clinicians achieving upper jaw advancement and correction of mandibular prognathism.

Objectives. This study aimed at comparing the methodologies for achieving an occlusal-mesial ceramic inlay using both the conventional and digital methods in terms of workflow protocol, aesthetic and functional results, working time, but also costs and equipment needed. Material and methods. A 22-year-old patient presented with a direct mesio-occlusal composite restoration with a secondary marginal decay in tooth 3.6 that was subsequently restored by a ceramic inlay manufactured using both traditional and digital methods. Outcomes. The dental technician's talent, experience, and vision guided the technical process of creating the conventional inlay. The technical process of producing the digital inlay involved fewer laboratory stages, but also contamination risks than conventional ones, removing potential human errors associated with each stage and allowing possible changes to be made more quickly and efficiently. The conventional method took more time to complete all of the laboratory steps than the digital method. Conclusions. When compared to the digital method, the traditional method allowed the dental technician to achieve a high level of individualization of the prosthetic restoration. Digital techniques are a method of the future that is rapidly growing and improving. Digital techniques for obtaining an inlay involved high-performance equipment, which is pricey to purchase and maintain.

The most common inflammatory reactions in the oral mucosa are found at the gingival level. The treatment of these inflammations requires, first of all, the removal of the causative factor; often, this maneuver is sufficient. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical and histopathological changes that occur in terms of gingival and palatal mucosa enlargement during palatal expansion treatment and their evolution during treatment. Twenty-five (n = 25) research participants, aged between thirteen and twenty-six years old, were examined in this retrospective study. At the end of the treatment, fragments of tissue from the affected level were obtained via incisional biopsy and sent to the histopathology laboratory for a specialized examination. The changes identified were specific to mechanical traumatic injuries, thus excluding hyperplasia from other etiologies (infectious, tumoral, or non-mechanical traumatic). The examined fragments showed hyperplasia. The histopathological examination revealed the mechanical character of the lesion, strengthening the causal relationship between the insertion of the expander and the occurrence of hyperplasia of the palatal mucosa. The type of palatal expander influenced the degree of inflammation, with the severity of hyperplasia being more pronounced in the case of mini-implant-anchored rapid palatal expander (MARPE) usage than in the case of tooth-borne rapid palatal expander (RPE) usage. The analysis of the distance between the expander and the palatal mucosa did not provide conclusive results; the incidence and severity of the reaction were variable in patients with the same distance between the expander and the palatal or gingival mucosa.

Orthodontic treatment of dento-maxillary anomalies is a common therapeutic intervention, with a growing number of pediatric and adult patients requiring it [1]. The raising understanding of the need for this treatment option has led to a shift in the addressability of various social groups, leading to an increase in adult patients' interest [2]. Orthodontic treatment in adult patient is more dificult because the bone remodeling is hard to do and thereis not growing process. Cortiotomy consists of milling the alveolar bone, the vestibular board, in order to create small labor in which the dental displacement following the application of orthodontic force will be faster. The corticotomy is performed in local anesthesia, with bone cutters, under continuous cooling with saline. Orthodontic treatment in adult patient is more difficult because the bone remodeling is hard to do and thereis not growing process [3]. Filho et al. said that the introduction of this technique of corticotomy makes it possible to solve complex cases while providing an alternative to the classical approach, eliminating a number of inventients, such as dental extractions [4]. Despite the many benefits it can bring when it is integrated into orthodontic therapy to correct various dento-maxillary changes, the corticotomy is still regarded with some reluctance by orthodontists. Reitan et al. (2015) consider that the main reason is that the intervention is expensive and some consider it invasive [5]. In a similar study, Bos et al. (2005) points out that even for patients, the high costs of such an intervention can lead to its refusal, with the risk of obtaining results at the end of less satisfactory orthodontic treatment [1]. Dab et al. (2007) states that there is a direct link between the degree of dental displacement induced by the corticotomy and the type of dento-maxillary anomaly that needs to be corrected, but also the time of orthodontic treatment in which the surgery is performed [6]. Further experimental studies are also needed to understand in more detail the biological mechanisms and transformations that occur at the intervention level.

Tempting and disturbing by its purpose to correct dental malocclusions, but also asymmetries facial expressions, to shape smiles and to improve the quality of life, orthodontics has experienced a permanent dynamics in recent decades both by improving the means of diagnosis (digitization) as well as the introduction of increasingly high-performance materials: hybrid springs, mini-implants, etc. An important diagnostic element in Orthodontics is photography made from the front and profile, which is also a forensic document, on which a series of angular and linear parameters are analyzed at the beginning and end of the treatment. Orthodontic diagnostic pictures are a non-invasive method of diagnosis and are made in the natural position of the head NHP, which is a standardized, reproducible position of the head in space where the subject is looking at a distant point of the eye level. The angular and metric values on the photo or teleradiography of the face/profile are essential elements in both establishing a diagnosis and the treatment plan that will aim to achieve a balanced face and a harmonious profile. These values can be transferred to the computer, and with the help of specialized software will be analyzed and interpreted for each clinical case. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of four angles that define the facial profile in a group of 30 patients (15 females and 15 males) patients aged 18-24 years with Angle I class malocclusions and bone growth finished. The values were measured on the profile photograph (after tracing the anthropometric points with an eye pencil) and statistically evaluated for both sexes, and the photos were scanned and important in the DSD software so that the same angles can be evaluated digitally. Digital orthodontics tends to take up more and more space in the assessment of an orthodontic case. In orthodontic treatments, the thickness of the soft parts that can compensate for an unsightly profile of the bone relief is taken into account.

Introduction: MIH (Molar incisor hypo mineralisation) syndrome is a multifactorial pathology frequently encountered by paediatric dentists. The aim of the study was to identify the aetiology and the main criteria for diagnosis of MIH syndrome. Material and Methods: A review of the literature, relating to MIH, was undertaken using evidence obtained from the electronic databases and guidelines, published between 2016-2021. The items selected were: aetiology, classification, diagnosis of MIH. Results: MIH is a condition with multifactorial aetiology; genetic component with the influence of environmental factors acting in the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal period are the most importants to consider. Main diagnostic criteria for MIH are enamel hypo mineralisation of the first permanent molars and permanent incisors, demarcated opacities, enamel breakdown, dental hypersensitivity and atypical coronary restorations. The presence of demarcated opacities at the level of temporary second molars could be a predictive factor for MIH syndrome. Conclusions: Given the multiple etiological factors, the increased prevalence of MIH syndrome, the variety of clinical features and the association with increased caries risk, it is necessary for dentists to consider early and effective diagnosis using simple diagnostic criteria.

Introduction. Gum hyperplasia is clinically translated by growth in gum size, edema and bleeding (over-normal bags). The gum may be thin or fibrous, firm (in pseudotumor forms). In the absence of proper treatment, it will be associated with the bone resorption of the alveolar process, leading to different degrees of dental mobility. Purpose. Through this clinical-statistical study, we aim to analyze patients diagnosed with gum hyperplasia by age, gender, type of gum hyperplasia, etiology and localization. Also, by observing in surgical practice more and more cases of gum hyperplasia in patients with orthodontic treatment, through this clinical-statistical study, we aim to quantify the incidence of gingival hyperplasia in orthodontic treatments carriers and its distribution by gender. Material and method. The study is retrospective type, performed on 172 patients with the diagnosis of gum hyperplasia (K06.1), treated in the Oro-maxillo-facial surgery Clinic in Targu Mures, during Jan.2015-march 2021. Hyppocrate concept 3 was used to access patient observation sheets. Results and discussions. Analyzing the descriptive statistical data of this retrospective clinical-statistical study, it is observed that the average age of the subjects is 58 years, the distribution by sex favors the female gender (59%), generally occurs in adults, has affinity for the right hemimaxilla, approx. 25% of patients have gingival hyperplastic lesions caused by orthodontic appliances and mobile/mobilizable prostheses. These types of lesions represent a ratio of 2/1 in favor of females, which indicates that the aesthetic requirements for females are much higher compared to males. Also, interpreting, from a medical point of view, the statistical conclusions of this study, we find that the patient's gender does not influence the location and appearance of the hyperplasic lesion, instead the age of the patients influences the occurrence of the hyperplastic lesion. Conclusion. Orthodontic therapy should be indicated after a correct evaluation of periodontal tissues, quantification of periodontal indices and detection of risk factors.

Objective. To compare the conventional and self-ligating brackets systems from the point of view of the clinician. Material and methods. A survey was delivered to orthodontists from the international community (n = 130) in order to evaluate and compare different proprieties of the two systems. Results. Conventional brackets are preferred when it comes to bonding technique, final results from an aesthetic and functional point of view and quality-price ratio, while self-ligating brackets are elected for improved patient hygiene, less chairside time and reduced friction and global treatment time. Conclusions. Orthodontists currently use both systems in their practice and each of them has certain features which makes them superior in comparison to the other.

The oral pathologies in paediatric patients frequently require the recommendation of adjuvant medication. A lack of knowledge regarding well-defined prescription protocols has been observed in every day practice. The aim of this study was to revise and update the prescription of antibiotics according to the latest guidelines. We performed electronic research of selected databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, AAPD, from 2010-2020 in order to identify the most frequent antibiotics used in paediatric dentistry. The antibiotic resistance of bacteria, as well as the side effects that follow the prescription of antibiotics are reported to be in a continuous growth as a result of inadequate use. Prescription of medication, especially antibiotics in paediatric dentistry, must analyze both short and long-term side-effects.

In the entire medical world and particularly in dentistry we assist to a growing tendency of patients to seek natural remedies for their ailments; this attitude stems from distrust of pharmaceutical chemicals and an attempt to avoid their side effects. The recurrent oral aphthae is a common disease of the oral mucosa, affecting, according to some authors, between 20-60% of the population depending on the socio-professional studied categories.The classic local and general treatment of the oral aphthae, especially for the chronic recurrent forms is still incomplete and unsatisfactory, with a multitude of harmful side effects. We would like to bring into the attention of our colleagues the possibilities of homeopathic treatment of this category of diseases of the oral mucosa, without harmful side effects, with concrete results in reducing the duration of lesions and the severity of symptoms.

Bone metastases affect a large number of oncological patients and can determine complications that can impact the quality of life of our patients and further translate into lessen treatment results and overall survival. Treatment with bisphosphonates (BP) has proven its efficacy in preventing the development of the complications related to bone metastases. BP are well tolerated in general but severe adverse events can occur, like osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Besides ONJ there are other dental and maxillofacial complications determined by BP, complications that by elementary preventive measures can be avoided.

Aims. This preliminary study had as objective to assess the prevalence of Disc Displacements with Reduction (DDwR) among young patients and to determine if there is any correlation between abnormal muscular activity or occlusal modifications and the presence of DDwR. Material and Methods. 25 patients were examined, chosen based on the following inclusion criteria: age between 20 and 40 years old, good general health condition, without any other systemic pathology. Each subject underwent clinical examination associated with the completion (within the anamnesis) of a questionnaire that included inquiries regarding the presence of vicious habits (the presence of bruxism, oral breathing, and unilateral mastication). Results. In this preliminary study, the age range of the patients was between 22 and 37 years, 15 women and 10 men. Based on the clinical findings and correlated with the axiography results, 14 subjects were diagnosed with DDwR; for those subjects, clicks were the most frequent symptom. The results also showed that 43% of the subjects felt pain during the mandible movements. The endooral examination also revealed the existence of gingival retractions in 50% of the subjects. Intraoral modification and the presence of noises (clicking) were the most often signs and symptoms, even for young patients. Conclusions. The prevalence of DDwR among women is higher. One of the most common symptoms is the clicking (the noise) the patient perceives during opening and closing the mouth and muscular pain. All the DDwR patients presented occlusal premature contacts and interferences during the eccentric movements of the mandible.

Impacted canines represent an increasingly frequent anomaly, of particular importance for the functionality of the dentomaxillary system and aesthetic appearance. Aim. To present the incidence and the degree of impacted canine in a group of children aged who need an orthodontic treatment. Material and method. We conducted a study in 18 patients, who requested a treatment plan in the period 2014-2017. The materials used in the study were: patients’ medical records, the orthopantomographic radiographs, study models and photographs of each case. Results. The frequency of canine impaction following the study was 8%, more frequent involvement of the male sex, with a percentage of 56% compared to the female sex, with 44%. The most frequent degree of impaction found in this study was 2nd degree, followed by 3rd degree, and 1st degree. Conclusion. In the great majority of the cases, impaction was located in the maxillary arch. The most frequent location was palatal, 78%.

Dento-maxilares anomalies can cause severe three-dimensional disorders of the dental arches and implicitly of dental occlusion, interfering with the harmonious development of the physiological dentition, so is necessary to treat the anomalies as soon is possible. The earlier the age of intervention, the higher the success of an orthodontic treatment, having the possibility of guiding the remaining growth, of controlling the dental eruption and permutation, of correcting bad habits by remouvable or fixed appliances. Aim. The authors have done an evaluation of the oral hygiene practices of patients undergoing mobile orthodontic therapy and the impact on their diet and lifestyle in general. Material and method. A questionnaire with 14 questions has been distributed to a number of 63 patients undergoing the active stage of the orthodontic treatment with mobile appliances at the school medical centre in Bucharest, School no. 5. Children aged up to 10 years old have been helped by their parents to fill out this survey, and older children filled out the survey on their own. Results. Most of the respondents have understood the importance of the dental appliance hygiene and teeth hygiene, and then almost in equal shares they have understood also, the importance of diet and of auxiliary means of hygiene. Majority of children (high percentage of the patients 80% ),have indicated that the orthodontic treatment will benefit them an improved esthetic aspect and healthy teeth. They also noticed the importance of the dental appliance hygiene and teeth hygiene, and then have understood , the importance of diet and of auxiliary means of hygiene (89%). Conclusion. There is an obvious tendency of increased desire for an orthodontic therapy within the analyzed population, most of the patients being aware of the role and need to wear an orthodontic appliance.

Orthodontic treatment can be effective only with the proper adhesion strength of the bonded elements on the teeth. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of different remineralization products on the brackets (Evolve Low Profile Brackets 0.022 Roth prescription (DB Orthodontics Ltd., Silsden, England) shear bond strength (SBS)). In all, 40 teeth were investigated for this study; n = 30 demineralized (immersed in 0.1% citric acid for 30 min, twice a day, for 20 consecutive days) and n = 10 immersed only in artificial saliva. After the demineralization process, remineralization agents were applied to each group (n = 10): Group I: Elmex Sensitive professional® toothpaste (CP, Gaba GmbH, Witten, Germany) and GC MI Paste Plus® (GC, Leuven, Belgium), Group II: Elmex Sensitive professional® toothpaste (CP, Gaba GmbH, Germany) and GC Tooth Mousse® (Leuven, Belgium), Group III: Elmex Sensitive professional® toothpaste (CP, Gaba GmbH, Germany). For the teeth in control group C, Elmex Sensitive professional® toothpaste was used. SBS tests were performed by means of an advanced materials-testing machine that generated maximum load and tensile strength values. The data obtained underwent statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tuckey test) with a statistical threshold of p < 0.05. The SBS values were higher for group II (14.20 MPa) and I (10.36 MPa) and lower for group III (4.25 MPa) and C (4.11 MPa), with statistically significant differences between groups I and II when compared with groups III and C (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GC Tooth Mousse® and MI-Paste Plus® have no adverse effect on brackets SBS and are recommended to be used for enamel remineralization during orthodontic treatment.

Most medical acts have, as a common and necessary element, the communication between the doctor and the patient, which considerably increases the quality of the interaction between them. The patient needs to understand the importance of having the opportunity to talk to the dentist. The present statistical study was conducted on 194 subjects (113 female subjects and 81 male subjects), aged between 20 and 50 years, in two dental practices: one in Alba Iulia and the other in Targu Mures. The purpose is to determine the patients’ qualities, from the following perspectives: good or poor listener, compliant, obedient, having efficient or inefficient communicating skills. The subjects of the study were asked a set of questions from a questionnaire which highlights the confirmation or dismissal of the proposed objectives. The results will show us to what extent the patients appreciate the opportunity to communicate with the dentist. At the same time, the patients’ qualities which recommend them as participants in an optimal communication process will be highlighted.

Adhesion remains a key element in dentistry, whether approached in prosthetics, odontology, or orthodontics. It is a continuously researched aspect, as improved materials and adhesive methods keep emerging in the market. No orthodontic treatment can be effective without the proper adhesion strength of the bonded elements on the teeth. The objective of this research, in the broad context of self-ligating versus conventional brackets, was to compare active and passive self-ligating systems with a conventional one by conducting an in vitro study on human-extracted premolars. Shear bond strength tests were executed by means of an advanced materials-testing machine that generated maximum load and tensile strength values. The data obtained underwent statistical analysis with a statistical threshold of p < 0.05. The results regarding the statistical significance were acquired when comparing the passive self-ligating system with the active self-ligating and conventional systems (load-at-maximum-load mean 204.9, SD 91.09, and p < 0.05). In this study, the passive self-ligating bracket system appears to present increased shear bond strength.

Sealants are highly efficient and the most secure method for the prevention of caries lesions from pits and fissures in recently erupted permanent teeth. The aim of this study is to clinically assess and compare the retention and evolution of caries of a moisture-tolerant resin-based sealant with a conventional hydrophobic resin-based sealant. Material and method: We have included in the study 28 children with between 6 and 8 years old. For each child we sealed 4 permanent molars (a total of 112 teeth). The study group was divided into two subgroups: the Embrace Group—consisting of 56 first permanent molars that underwent dental sealing with moisture-tolerant resin-based fissure sealant (Embrace™ WetBond™ Pulpdent, Watertown, MA, USA) and the Helioseal Group—represented by the same number of 56 first permanent molars that were sealed with conventional hydrophobic resin-based sealant (Helioseal F™, Ivoclar Vivadent Schaan, Liechtenstein). The retention and the incidence of new carious lesions of each sealant were assessed clinically at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Results: The 12-month follow-up assessment showed perfect integrity in 50 molars (89.28%) sealed with moisture-tolerant resin-based material (Embrace Group), and in 51 molars (91.07%) with conventional resin-based sealant (Helioseal Group). At the 24-month recall, the retention was maintained in 44 molars (78.57%) in the Embrace Group and in 45 molars (80.35%) in the Helioseal Group, respectively. The follow-up assessments showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.5) between the two materials regarding sealant retention. First evidence of new carious lesions was present at 12 months on two molars sealed with Embrace WetBond and on one molar sealed with Helioseal. At the 24-month evaluation, the prevalence of caries in the Embrace Group was 7.14% (four caries) and 3.56% (two caries) in the Helioseal Group. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two materials regarding new caries development at any of the follow-up assessments. Conclusions: Moisture-tolerant resin-based sealant was effective in terms of retention and caries prevention.

Supernumerary teeth represent a maxillarry dental anomaly of number, registered in the 1st Angle class. The goal of the authors was to analyze the frequency and the pattern of these anomalies in number in a group of patients who presented for an orthodontic treatment at the Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry of the Faculty of Dentistry, UMFST Tg. Mures between the years 2015 and 2018 and to establish correlations between this anomaly and other pathologies belonging to the orthodontic field. The analyzed variables included age, gender, health condition, constitution, origin, and the statistical analysis was focused on the following parameters: the affected dentition and arch sector, number of supernumerary teeth and their location, association with other anomalies, onset of complications.

Although the correlation between the nutritional status and tooth decay is an actual subject in literature, the role of the dentist, particularly the pediatric dentist, in the prevention of obesity in children and adolescents is least studied. (1) While in the past the evaluation of the nutritional status of the child was the responsability of the pediatrician or the general practitioner, nowadays, the high rates of obesity require the modification of this protocol which has become unsatisfactory. The dentist has high potential to perform obesity screening, taking into consideration the regular, generally bianual, doctor visits compared to the sole pediatrician visit, especially when there is no vaccination time. We have performed a clinico-statistical study among different specialty dentists by means of a questionary comprising 13 questions, virtually delivered, with the purpose of obtaining data concerning the involvement of the dentist in the complex issue of nutrition as one of the etiological factors of tooth decay. The results indicate a high interest of the respondents in this matter but with relatively low implication due to lack of time and indistinctive examination protocols. This study offers a picture of the opinions different specialty dentists in Romania have about the role of the dentist in the screening of infantile obesity and about the present but also future attitudes concerning this major health problem. The dentist, especially the pedodontist, is in an unique position of being able to influence the nutrition habbits of children. Due to periodic doctor visits, they are able to monitorize not only oral health but also the nutritional status.

The purpose of the study is to determine through a FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis, the position of the center of rotation of a tooth belonging to a complex structure made of enamel – tooth – pulp – periodontal ligament – alveolar bone, subjected to an external load through a bracket, a component of a fixed orthodontic appliance that produces the tipping phenomenon. Simulations were performed maintaining the same value of the orthodontic force but modifying the position of the bracket along the crown of the tooth. The aim is displacing the position of the center of rotation of a tooth by changing the position of the bracket and the possibility to achieve a controlled tipping, respectively, a tooth rotation at the apical or coronal level.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the most commonly used method and technique in fixed orthodontic treatment by making a comparison between questionnaires applied in our Orthodontic department and those applied to orthodontic specialists. Material and methods: 9 self-reported questions were used as tools for the intended evaluation, which were taken from questionnaires that were already recognized to be adequate and accurate. The conclusion of this study showed that one of the highest percentages (52%) revealed in this study was in pumice prophylaxis. Nevertheless, a smaller number of orthodontists (11%) said that they used Fluoridated prophylaxis paste, which was the lowest percentage of material used in polishing procedure, so the majority of orthodontists (specialists and residents) avoid to use fluoridated prophylaxis paste. 100% of orthodontists in this study used phosphoric acid having a concentration range from 35% to 37% with a demineralization time between 15 and 30 seconds, LED light cure was unanimously used by both orthodontic residents and specialists because it presents more advantages than other light cure units. A high percentage (93%) of orthodontists used a curing time between 10 and 25 seconds for the polymerization of the primer and adhesive material, Curing time has inversely proportional with light intensity. The light intensity and radiation exposure time are directly proportional with the total amount of energy supplied. The vast majority of orthodontists (57%) used the low speed hand piece to remove the remnant adhesive material so as to avoid any damage to that could be caused to the enamel surface.

High-grade B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified is listed as a new group in the WHO 2017 statement as a subtype of aggressive, mature B-cell lymphomas with a poor prognosis. To our knowledge, no description of this genetic type of maxillary lymphoma has appeared in the literature until now; thus, our case provides valuable data on its symptoms, clinical behavior, response to treatment and survival rate. The present report describes the early diagnosis and treatment of an extremely rare histological subtype of B-cell lymphoma, a case of high-grade B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, localized in the maxillary sinus and mimicking signs and symptoms of periapical inflammation. After chemotherapy, the presented patient showed complete remission without relapse and systemic spread. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of this rare type of lymphoma associated with the maxillary sinus. Considering that high-grade B-cell lymphomas are aggressive tumors with rapid growth and poor prognosis, which are often misdiagnosed in the early stages as inflammatory disease, it is relevant to highlight the importance of a detailed evaluation of clinical signs and radiological findings during diagnosis, especially if they contradict each other.

Since natural alternatives are needed in dentistry for the treatment of root canal, where the standard irrigant is NaOCl with significant toxicity, the aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial properties of non-chemical root-canal irrigants (aqueous extracts of oregano, thyme, lemongrass, melaleuca and clove essential oils) against Enterococcus faecalis. For this, aqueous extracts of each essential oil (AqEO) were prepared. A solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used as a positive standard against which the antimicrobial effects of AqEO could be reported. The root canals of seven teeth were inoculated with 20 µL of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 inoculum and incubated overnight at 37 °C. All the teeth canals were instrumented and were irrigated with the corresponding AqEO, NaOCl and saline solution, then rinsed with saline. Bacteriological samples for each canal post-instrumentation were collected with sterile paper points which were inoculated on culture media. A second processing followed the same methodology but involved only irrigation and no instrumentation. Using instrumentation, thyme and clove completely inhibited Enterococcus faecalis growth. Without instrumentation, clove and oregano AqEOs completely reduced the bacterial load as seen in direct inoculation, but bacterial growth was observed in all the samples after enrichment, except for NaOCl. Nevertheless, the turbidity of the enrichment media was lower for the samples irrigated with AqEOs than for control. In conclusion, AqEOs of thyme, oregano and clove showed a promising antibacterial effect, especially when teeth instrumentation was performed.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of dental caries developed on the first permanent molars in a group of school children. Materials and methods This screening was performed on a group of 385 children, all pupils in first year at elementary school in Târgu Mureş. For the assessment of the dental health we used DMF index. Results The average value of DMF index (in first permanent molar) was 0.87, with the standard deviation of ±1.01 of the 1526 erupted molars 336 (22.01%) were already affected by caries. Conclusions The index of dental caries intensity obtained in this study and the prevalence of caries have high values similar to those reported in other epidemiological studies.

Orthodontic literature indicates that upper molar distalisation is a tipping and extrusion movement, combined with mesio-buccal rotation and buccaly-crown torque, depending on the distalisers used. FEM (finite element method) allow a simulation of force systems which can determine bodily distal molar movement. Using FEM we can also determine the role of second and third molar during upper first molar distalisation movement. This study presents a model of upper first molar, periodontal ligment and alveolar bone using the analysis and design programmes Solidworks2007 and CATIA P3V5R16. Our results using FEM shows that the rotational axis of first molar is displaced when applying a palatal force for distalisation from buccaly – apex to palatal – crown and compressive stress is located on cervical region of distobuccal root. For bodily movement, the moment/force ratio at the molar centre of resistance must be zero, so it is necessary to reduce the moment on the molar band using a counterbalancing couple (CBC) with effects in vertical plane. The displacement of upper molar rotational axis during distalisation is proved by molar rotation and explains the second molar role as a fulcrum, when is not erupted. In conclusion, bodily distal upper molar movement could be obtained only when rotational axis is at infinite and the compressive stress is homogeneously distributed in the periodontal ligament.

Introduction: Mandibular prognothism is a serious dento-maxillary anomaly with multifactorial etiology and complex therapeutic options characterized by insufficient development of the maxilla in the sagittal direction relative to the normal development of the mandible. Aim of study: The authors have proposed to study the possibilities of mandibular prognothism correction by maxillary expansion using two types of stress breakers, performing measurements on orthodontic pre and posttreatment samples the maxillary transverse distances (IP, IM, palate depth). Material and method: Our study was performed in a group of 35 patients aged between 12 14 years old (18 young female patients and 17 young male patients) suffering from mandibular prognothism, who previously did not undergo any orthodontic treatment and durimg the treatment wore two different types of stress breakers (the first group wore Huet classical stress breaker and the other group wore Leone spider stress breakers). The jaw width index was calculated (IP, IM, and palate depth) by monitoring the degree of correction of the lateral crossbite and degree of maxillary expansion before treatment, then 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the treatment was started. Results and discussions: The application of stress breaker is the technique of opening the midpalatal suture by attaining a transversal expansion. The suture undergoes the intervention in the state of fibrous joint. The patient should activate the appliance by turning the screw once a day (slow expansion). In the first three months after initiating the treatment we attained a 3 mm expansion at the premolar level and 4.5 mm at the molar level by using classical stress breaker and 3.5 respectively 4.5 mm by using spider stress breaker. Subsequent to one year treatment we could observe that the diameters were slightly increased and after two year of fixed treatment we noticed partial receding (loss of 1mm at the premolar level) in both group of patients. Conclusions: Intermaxillary disjunction is an effective method in mandibular prognothism provided that the patient is discovered at the beginning of dentition, when sutures are active (12 -14 years in young females and 14-16 years in young males). The two types of stress breakers work similarly, but correction is faster in case of a spider stress breaker, because of a stronger screw positioned posteriorly.

The aim of this study is to establish the relationship between patients’ chronological age and the degree of skeletal maturation in cervical vertebrae appreciated with the help of profile teleradiographies. Material and method: we analyzed the side cephalograms of a child cohort of puberty and prepuberty age. The selected criteria applied to the subjects included were: age between 9-14, normal conditions regarding general growth and development, without severe affections in the antecedents. While the subjects’ chronological age refers to the date of birth, the degree of skeletal maturation is determined through method CVM (Cervical Vertebral Maturation). In order to appreciate skeletal age 6 stages of CVM maturation are used. Results: Stage 1 CVM of skeletal maturity or the prepubertary stage can be identified with the early stage of mixed dentition or the initial stage of permanent dentition. Stage 3 CVM or the puberty phase was identified with the last phase of mixed dentition or the initial stage of permanent dentition. Conclusions: The early stage of mixed dentition is an excellent indicator for appreciating the degree of skeletal maturation in the growth period. The intermediate phase of mixed dentition is not a valid indicator in order to establish skeletal age.

Including wisdom teeth is a common problem in dental practice, associated with significant complications such as gum inflammation, caries, root resorption of neighboring teeth, and cyst formation. This clinical-statistical study analyzed the frequency and distribution of wisdom tooth inclusion pathology according to age and anatomical location, within a group of 50 patients aged between 19 and 65 years, divided into five age categories. The data obtained through clinical examinations and imaging were analyzed using specialized software to correlate the clinical results with those from the plaster models made for diagnostic purposes. The results of the study show a higher frequency of wisdom tooth inclusion in the mandibular compared to the maxilla, partial inclusion being more common in the lower quadrants. Also, the incidence is highest in the 19-25 age group. Treatment options range from periodic monitoring to extraction, depending on the associated symptoms and complications. The conclusions of the study emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and careful monitoring to prevent complications and optimize the management of this common pathology.

This retrospective study evaluated the impact of orthodontic treatment on endodontically treated teeth. 32 teeth from 25 patients were analyzed, focusing on CBCT evaluations. All endodontic treatments utilized EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl in conjunction with Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation. Post-treatment assessment revealed that 21 teeth (66%) had root canal fillings of correspondent length, while 10 teeth (31%) were insufficient, and 1 tooth (3%) was uncertain. In terms of density and homogeneity, 25 teeth (78%) were classified as correspondent, 5 teeth (16%) as inadequate, and 2 teeth (6%) as uncertain. The periapical bone destruction probability index (PRI) demonstrated a significant increase in periapical destruction following orthodontic treatment. Specifically, the odds ratios for bone destruction were 1.67 (90% CI: 1.16–2.49, P=0.008) for present versus absent and 1.77 (90% CI: 1.11–2.85, P=0.031) for present versus uncertain. The proportion of teeth without periapical destruction decreased from 15 (14.9%) during treatment to 14 (23.9%) post-treatment. These findings highlight the critical relationship between endodontic quality and treatment outcomes, emphasizing the need for meticulous endodontics during orthodontic therapies.

This study examined the presence of periodontal pathogens in 29 patients with type 2 diabetes, categorized into three age groups: Group I (18–30 years), Group II (31–50 years), and Group III (51+ years). Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in various degrees across all groups, with no significant correlation between pathogen presence and patient age. The study also highlighted the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus/Tannerella forsythia, and Fuzobacterium nucleatum, which were present in 29 patients, indicating a strong association with periodontal disease. Additionally, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga were found in patients with hyperglycemia, with positive results more frequent in Group II. Less common pathogens, including Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, and Campylobacter rectus, were detected in smaller numbers, but their presence suggests a significant role in periodontal pathology, particularly in older patients. These findings reinforce the link between oral microbial agents and periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Effective oral hygiene and periodontal treatment are essential in reducing pathogen load and improving glycemic control, potentially lowering the risk of systemic complications such as cardiovascular disease.

Aim of the study: this study investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on dental practice through a questionnaire developed by four dentists at Lucian Blaga University. Material and method: the questionnaire, refined based on expert feedback, consisted of 14 questions divided into two sections: demographic data (6 questions) and dental practice during the pandemic (8). The second section addressed protocols, protective measures, activity suspension effects, infection rates, and vaccination compliance. Results: distributed to 600 licensed dentists in Sibiu County, the final analysis included 165 complete responses, resulting in a 27.5% response rate. The demographic breakdown revealed 64.2% female and 35.8% male respondents, with the largest age group (47.3%) being 31-40 years. Most participants (68.3%) were general dentists, and 58.8% had over ten years of experience. Only 13.3% of dental practices rated the protocol as satisfactory, 37.0% found it acceptable, and 49.1% deemed it unsatisfactory. The perceived effectiveness of protective measures highlighted that increased personal protective equipment was crucial (mean=3.95). The pandemic negatively affected the profession, with physical discomfort (mean=4.08) and increased stress (mean=3.77) being significant concerns. Statistical analyses utilized ANOVA and Chi-Square tests, revealing statistically significant differences in protocol perceptions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for improved protocols and supports ongoing adaptations in dental practice during health crises.

Aim of the study Mouth breathing syndrome (MBS) is a multifactorial condition where the patient breathes predominantly through the mouth instead of the nose, leading to negative consequences on facial development, oral and general health. Because of its complexity, MBS therapy requires close collaboration between different specialities. MBS is not just a respiratory problem; it also affects cranio-facial development, oral health, sleep and even some systemic functions of the body. An interdisciplinary approach ensures a complete evaluation and holistic treatment of the patient, addressing not only the symptoms but also the underlying causes of MBS. Collaboration between specialists allows an individualized treatment, adapted to the specific needs of each patient preventing long-term complications. Involvement of both patient and family in the oral rehabilitation process, supported by the interdisciplinary medical team, is crucial for the success and maintenance of long-term results. Materials and methods The research undertaken aimed to identify the opportunities, challenges and barriers existing in the interdisciplinary approach to complete MBS rehabilitation. The study took into account the responses of 720 specialists from various fields of medicine involved in MBS therapy. Results Dentistry has only 14.5% of recommendation because it is the most represented among the specializations present in the study. Most often, the dentist recommends an ENT specialty or orthodontics. At the top of most frequent symptomatology was sleep disorders, with only 14 doctors specialised in somnology as classified itself as the newest type of the specialty. The most frequent symptomatology (484 responses) is speep apnea followed by 432 answers of orthodontic issues and with close values of dry mouth and halitosis. Conclusions Through collaboration between otolaryngologists, orthodontists, dentists, speech therapists, allergists and other specialists, optimal results can be achieved, improving the general health, craniofacial development and quality of life of patients.

Antibiotics are one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century, widely used in the dental field for prophylactic or therapeutic scope, treating non-odontogenic and odontogenic acute and chronic infections. Antimicrobial resistance is an alarming problem that involves important consequences, especially in managing therapies for patients with life-threatening infections. In the dental field, antibiotic consumption is not always considered adequate, leading to incorrect or excessive drug use. This phenomenon is reflected in the therapeutic failure observed in many cases. The apparition of microbial biofilms, such as dental plaque, may be an important reason for promoting antibiotic resistance. The antimicrobial resistance increases usually with repeated cycles of AB administration for the selection of microorganisms. Phytotherapy represents an undeniable source of therapeutic solutions for various pathologies, including bacterial contamination. Thus, the effect of antimicrobial resistance can be reduced by replacing common antibiotics with phytocompounds, if this switch is admissible.