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Background. Decision making regarding adjuvant therapy for high-risk endometrial cancer is complex. The aim of this study was to determine patients' and clinicians' minimally desired survival benefit to choose chemoradiotherapy over radiotherapy alone. Moreover, influencing factors and importance of positive and negative treatment effects (i.e. attribute) were investigated.Methods. Patients with high-risk endometrial cancer treated with adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy and multidisciplinary gynaecologic oncology clinicians completed a trade-off questionnaire based on PORTEC-3 trial data.Results. In total, 171 patients and 63 clinicians completed the questionnaire. Median minimally desired benefit to make chemoradiotherapy worthwhile was significantly higher for patients versus clinicians (10% vs 5%, p = 0.02). Both patients and clinicians rated survival benefit most important during decision making, followed by long-term symptoms. Older patients (OR 0.92 [95%CI 0.87 & ndash;0.97]; p = 0.003) with comorbidity (OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.12 & ndash;0.89]; p = 0.035) had lower preference for chemoradiotherapy, while patients with better numeracy skills (OR 1.2 [95%CI 1.05 & ndash;1.36], p = 0.011) and chemoradiotherapy history (OR 25.0 [95%CI 8.8 & ndash;91.7]; p < 0.001) had higher preference for chemoradiotherapy.& nbsp;Conclusions. There is a considerable difference in minimally desired survival benefit of chemoradiotherapy in high-risk endometrial cancer among and between patients and clinicians. Overall, endometrial cancer patients needed higher benefits than clinicians before preferring chemoradiotherapy.(c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Brachytherapy-based radiotherapy has been applied for decades in the curative treatment for solitary, ≤ 5 cm bladder tumors. This review provides a historical perspective of this organ sparing approach. A systematic search of the published literature between 1900 and 2019 was performed on the subject of bladder brachytherapy using PubMed, with digitally retrievable articles being supplemented with articles from the personal collection of the authors. The articles were divided into consecutive time periods, each reflecting the impact of authors on the development of brachytherapy treatment: the time of pioneers, early innovators, modifiers, and recent innovators. Three case-controlled studies comparing brachytherapy-based organ-sparing treatment with cystectomy, demonstrated similarity between the two approaches in terms of disease-free and overall survival, whereas brachytherapy-based approach offered the advantage of at least 80% chance of bladder preservation. The overview was organized in a chronological order, starting from the evolution of brachytherapy from radium, followed by remote afterloading and dose-rate adjustments, and closing with modern era of high-dose-rate and image-guided brachytherapy. Importantly, we demonstrated how essential and beneficial for the patients is a close collaboration between radiation oncologists and urologists, and how adopting a modern surgical development, i.e. the laparoscopic implantation technique, which later became robot-assisted, contributed to the success of this multidisciplinary brachytherapy treatment. We concluded that this highly effective brachytherapy method with very limited toxicity deserves more worldwide popularity.

Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of in vivo dosimetry using microMOSFET dosimeters in patients treated with brachytherapy using two types of gynecological applicators. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this study, a microMOSFET was placed in an empty needle of an Utrecht Interstitial Fletcher applicator or MUPIT (Martinez Universal Perineal Interstitial Template) applicator for independent verification of treatment delivery. Measurements were performed in 10 patients, with one to three microMOSFETs per applicator and repeated for one to four fractions, resulting in 50 in vivo measurements. Phantom measurements were used to determine characteristics of the microMOSFETs. RESULTS: Phantom measurements showed a linear relationship between dose and microMOSFET threshold voltage, and a calibration coefficient (mV/cGy) was determined. Reproducibility of repeated 50 cGy irradiations was 2% (1 standard deviation). Distance and angle dependencies were measured and correction factors were determined. Subsequently, three microMOSFETs were placed in a phantom to measure a validation plan. The difference between predicted and measured dose was less than the measurement uncertainty (+/-9%, 2 standard deviations). In vivo measurements were corrected for distance and angle dependencies. Differences between predicted and measured dose in the patients were smaller than the measurement uncertainty for the majority of the measurements. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo dosimetry using microMOSFETs in MUPIT and Utrecht Interstitial Fletcher applicators has proved to be feasible. Reimaging should be performed after detection of differences larger than 10% between predicted and measured dose to verify the applicator configuration. Movement of the applicator relative to the target or organs at risk is undetectable with this method.

With daily portal images and repeated CT scans from 20 patients with gold markers (GM) an adaptive margin radiotherapy strategy (AMRT) was simulated and compared to traditional bony anatomy (BA) and standard GM verification protocols. AMRT is comparable with BA. GM protocols are superior.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of gold marker (GM)-based position correction on the cumulative dose in the anorectal wall compared with traditional bony anatomy (BA)-based correction, taking into account changes in anorectal shape and position. Methods and Materials: A total of 20 consecutive prostate cancer patients, treated with curative external beam radiotherapy, were included. Four fiducial GMs were implanted in the prostate. Positioning was verified according to the shift in BA and GMs on daily electronic portal images. Position corrections were determined using on- and off-line position verification protocols according to the position of the GMs (GM-on and GM-off) and BA (BA-off). For all patients, intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans were made for the GM (8-mm planning target volume margin) and BA (10-mm planning target volume margin) protocols. The dose distribution was recomputed on 11 repeat computed tomography scans to estimate the accumulated dose to the prostate and anorectal wall while considering internal organ motion. Results: The dose that is at least received by 99% of the prostate was, on average, acceptable for all protocols. The individual patient data showed the best coverage for both GM protocols, with >95% of the prescribed dose for all patients. The anorectal wall dose was significantly lower for the GM protocols. The dose that is at least received by 30% of the rectal wall was, on average, 54.6 Gy for GM-on, 54.1 Gy for GM-off, and 58.9 Gy for BA-off (p