Author: "Marie-Andrée Giroux" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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39 results on '"Marie-Andrée Giroux"'

1. Timing of Breeding Site Availability Across the North-American Arctic Partly Determines Spring Migration Schedule in a Long-Distance Neotropical Migrant

Author: Jean-François Lamarre, Gilles Gauthier, Richard B. Lanctot, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Oliver P. Love, Eric Reed, Oscar W. Johnson, Joe Liebezeit, Rebecca McGuire, Mike Russell, Erica Nol, Laura Koloski, Felicia Sanders, Laura McKinnon, Paul A. Smith, Scott A. Flemming, Nicolas Lecomte, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Silke Bauer, Tamara Emmenegger, and Joël Bêty
Subjects: phenology, snowmelt, trans-hemispheric migrant, arctic birds, timing of breeding, American Golden-Plover, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Long-distance migrants are under strong selection to arrive on their breeding grounds at a time that maximizes fitness. Many arctic birds start nesting shortly after snow recedes from their breeding sites and timing of snowmelt can vary substantially over the breeding range of widespread species. We tested the hypothesis that migration schedules of individuals co-occurring at the same non-breeding areas are adapted to average local environmental conditions encountered at their specific and distant Arctic breeding locations. We predicted that timing of breeding site availability (measured here as the average snow-free date) should explain individual variation in departure time from shared non-breeding areas. We tested our prediction by tracking American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) nesting across the North-American Arctic. These plovers use a non-breeding (wintering) area in South America and share a spring stopover area in the nearctic temperate grasslands, located >1,800 km away from their nesting locations. As plovers co-occur at the same non-breeding areas but use breeding sites segregated by latitude and longitude, we could disentangle the potential confounding effects of migration distance and timing of breeding site availability on individual migration schedule. As predicted, departure date of individuals stopping-over in sympatry was positively related to the average snow-free date at their respective breeding location, which was also related to individual onset of incubation. Departure date from the shared stopover area was not explained by the distance between the stopover and the breeding location, nor by the stopover duration of individuals. This strongly suggests that plover migration schedule is adapted to and driven by the timing of breeding site availability per se. The proximate mechanism underlying the variable migration schedule of individuals is unknown and may result from genetic differences or individual learning. Temperatures are currently changing at different speeds across the Arctic and this likely generates substantial heterogeneity in the strength of selection pressure on migratory schedule of arctic birds migrating sympatrically.
Published: 2021
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2. Spatio-temporal responses of predators to hyperabundant geese affect risk of predation for sympatric-nesting species.

Author: Scott A Flemming, Erica Nol, Lisa V Kennedy, Audrey Bédard, Marie-Andrée Giroux, and Paul A Smith
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The Arctic is undergoing rapid changes, with anthropogenic shifts in climate having important and well-documented impacts on habitat. Populations of predators and their prey are affected by changing climate and other anthropogenic factors, and these changing trophic interactions could have profound effects on breeding populations of Arctic birds. Variable abundance of lemmings (a primary prey of generalist Arctic predators) and increasing abundance of light geese (Lesser Snow and Ross' Geese; a secondary prey) could have negative consequences for numerous sympatric shorebirds (an incidental prey). Using 16 years of predator-prey observations and 13-years of shorebird nest survival data at a site near a goose colony we identify relationships among geese, lemmings, and their shared predators and then relate predator indices to shorebird risk of nest predation. During two years, we also placed time-lapse cameras and artificial shorebird nests at increasing distances from a goose colony to document spatial trends in predators and their effect on risk of predation. In the long-term data, yearly indices of light geese positively influenced indices of gulls and jaegers, and shorebird nest predation rate was negatively correlated with jaeger and fox indices. All three predator indices were highest near the goose colony and artificial nest predation probability was negatively correlated with distance from goose colony, but these effects were less apparent during the second year. Combined, these results highlight the variation in predator-mediated interactions between geese and shorebirds and outline one mechanism by which hyperabundant geese may be contributing to local or regional declines in Arctic-nesting shorebird populations.
Published: 2019
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3. Is it safe to nest near conspicuous neighbours? Spatial patterns in predation risk associated with the density of American Golden-Plover nests

Author: Marie-Andrée Giroux, Myriam Trottier-Paquet, Joël Bêty, Vincent Lamarre, and Nicolas Lecomte
Subjects: Arctic, Community, Nest protection, Predation, Shorebirds, Territory, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Predation is one of the main factors explaining nesting mortality in most bird species. Birds can avoid nest predation or reduce predation pressure by breeding at higher latitude, showing anti-predator behaviour, selecting nest sites protected from predators, and nesting in association with protective species. American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) defend their territory by using various warning and distraction behaviours displayed at varying levels of intensity (hereafter “conspicuous behaviour”), as well as more aggressive behaviours such as aerial attacks, but only in some populations. Such antipredator behaviour has the potential to repel predators and thus benefit the neighbouring nests by decreasing their predation risk. Yet, conspicuous behaviour could also attract predators by signalling the presence of a nest. To test for the existence of a protective effect associated with the conspicuous antipredator behaviour of American Golden-Plovers, we studied the influence of proximity to plover nests on predation risk of artificial nests on Igloolik Island (Nunavut, Canada) in July 2014. We predicted that the predation risk of artificial nests would decrease with proximity to and density of plover nests. We monitored 18 plover nests and set 35 artificial nests at 30, 50, 100, 200, and 500 m from seven of those plover nests. We found that the predation risk of artificial nests increases with the density of active plover nests. We also found a significant negative effect of the distance to the nearest active protector nest on predation risk of artificial nests. Understanding how the composition and structure of shorebird communities generate spatial patterns in predation risks represents a key step to better understand the importance of these species of conservation concern in tundra food webs.
Published: 2016
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4. Sexing a sex-role-reversed species based on plumage: potential challenges in the red phalarope

Author: Marie-Andrée Giroux, Delphine Ditlecadet, Luc J. Martin, Richard B. Lanctot, and Nicolas Lecomte
Subjects: Charadriiformes, Phalaropus fulicarius, Shorebirds, Sexual dichromatism, Secondary sexual traits, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Sex-role reversal, in which males care for offspring, can occur when mate competition is stronger between females than males. Secondary sex traits and mate attracting displays in sex-role-reversed species are usually more pronounced in females than in males. The red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius) is a textbook example of a sex-role-reversed species. It is generally agreed that males are responsible for all incubation and parental care duties, whereas females typically desert males after having completed a clutch and may pair with new males to lay additional clutches. The breeding plumage of female red phalaropes is usually more brightly colored than male plumage, a reversed sexual dichromatism usually associated with sex-role reversal. Here, we confirm with PCR-based sexing that male red phalaropes can exhibit both the red body plumage typical of a female and the incubation behavior typical of a male. Our result, combined with previous observations of brightly colored red phalaropes incubating nests at the same arctic location (Igloolik Island, Nunavut, Canada), suggests that plumage dichromatism alone may not be sufficient to distinguish males from females in this breeding population of red phalaropes. This stresses the need for more systematic genetic sexing combined with standardized description of intersexual differences in red phalarope plumages. Determining whether such female-like plumage on males is a result of phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation could contribute to further understanding sex-role reversal strategies in the short Arctic summer.
Published: 2016
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5. Consumption of Buglossoides arvensis seed oil is safe and increases tissue long-chain n-3 fatty acid content more than flax seed oil – results of a phase I randomised clinical trial

Author: Natalie Lefort, Rémi LeBlanc, Marie-Andrée Giroux, and Marc E. Surette
Subjects: Stearidonic acid, Leucocytes, EPA, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Medicine
Abstract: Enrichment of tissues with ≥20-carbon n-3 PUFA like EPA is associated with positive cardiovascular outcomes. Stearidonic acid (SDA; 18 : 4n-3) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18 : 3n-3) are plant-derived dietary n-3 PUFA; however, direct comparisons of their impact on tissue n-3 PUFA content are lacking. Ahiflower® oil extracted from Buglossoides arvensis seeds is the richest known non-genetically modified source of dietary SDA. To investigate the safety and efficacy of dietary Ahiflower oil, a parallel-group, randomised, double-blind, comparator-controlled phase I clinical trial was performed. Diets of healthy subjects (n 40) were supplemented for 28 d with 9·1 g/d of Ahiflower (46 % ALA, 20 % SDA) or flax seed oil (59 % ALA). Blood and urine chemistries, blood lipid profiles, hepatic and renal function tests and haematology were measured as safety parameters. The fatty acid composition of fasting plasma, erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear cells were measured at baseline and after 14 and 28 d of supplementation. No clinically significant changes in safety parameters were measured in either group. Tissue ALA and EPA content increased in both groups compared with baseline, but EPA accrual in plasma and in all cell types was greater in the Ahiflower group (time × treatment interactions, P ≤ 0·01). Plasma and mononuclear cell eicosatetraenoic acid (20 : 4n-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-3) content also increased significantly in the Ahiflower group compared with the flax group. In conclusion, the consumption of Ahiflower oil is safe and is more effective for the enrichment of tissues with 20- and 22-carbon n-3 PUFA than flax seed oil.
Published: 2016
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6. Isotopic Differences between Forage Consumed by a Large Herbivore in Open, Closed, and Coastal Habitats: New Evidence from a Boreal Study System.

Author: Marie-Andrée Giroux, Éliane Valiquette, Jean-Pierre Tremblay, and Steeve D Côté
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Documenting habitat-related patterns in foraging behaviour at the individual level and over large temporal scales remains challenging for large herbivores. Stable isotope analysis could represent a valuable tool to quantify habitat-related foraging behaviour at the scale of individuals and over large temporal scales in forest dwelling large herbivores living in coastal environments, because the carbon (δ13C) or nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic signatures of forage can differ between open and closed habitats or between terrestrial and littoral forage, respectively. Here, we examined if we could detect isotopic differences between the different assemblages of forage taxa consumed by white-tailed deer that can be found in open, closed, supralittoral, and littoral habitats. We showed that δ13C of assemblages of forage taxa were 3.0 ‰ lower in closed than in open habitats, while δ15N were 2.0 ‰ and 7.4 ‰ higher in supralittoral and littoral habitats, respectively, than in terrestrial habitats. Stable isotope analysis may represent an additional technique for ecologists interested in quantifiying the consumption of terrestrial vs. marine autotrophs. Yet, given the relative isotopic proximity and the overlap between forage from open, closed, and supralittoral habitats, the next step would be to determine the potential to estimate their contribution to herbivore diet.
Published: 2015
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7. A new way of assessing foraging behaviour at the individual level using faeces marking and satellite telemetry.

Author: Marie-Andrée Giroux, Christian Dussault, Nicolas Lecomte, Jean-Pierre Tremblay, and Steeve D Côté
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Heterogeneity in foraging behaviour can profoundly influence ecological processes shaping populations. To scale-up from individual foraging behaviour to processes occurring at the population scale, one needs to sample foraging behaviour at the individual level, and over large temporal scales or during critical seasons known to influence life-history traits. We developed an innovative technique to monitor foraging behaviour at the individual level in secretive species, a technique that can be ultimately used to investigate the links between foraging behaviour and life-history traits. First, the technique used a novel approach, namely the combination of telemetry tracking and biomarking of faeces with food dyes to locate fresh signs of presence left by individuals equipped with GPS collars. Second, the technique is based on the simultaneous or successive sampling of life-history traits and individual foraging behaviour, using tracks with high probabilities of recovery of dyed faeces. We first describe our methodological approach, using a case study of a large herbivore, and then provide recommendations and guidelines for its use. Sampling single snow tracks of individuals equipped with a GPS collar was a reliable way to assess individual winter foraging behaviour in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) population. During that period, the probability of recovery of dyed faeces within the range of the collar precision was very high for single snow tracks of equipped deer (97%). Our approach is well suited to study individual foraging behaviour, and could ultimately be used to investigate the interplay between intra-population heterogeneity in foraging behaviour, life-history traits, and demographic processes.
Published: 2012
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8. Developing common protocols to measure tundra herbivory across spatial scales

Author: Brage Bremset Hansen, Noémie Boulanger-Lapointe, Nicolas Lecomte, Isabell Eischeid, C. Stolz, Johannes Lang, Virve Ravolainen, Aleksander Sokolov, Joël Bêty, Tomáš Hájek, Stijn P. Hofhuis, Petr Macek, Jean-François Lamarre, Anders Angerbjörn, Juha M. Alatalo, Laura McKinnon, David S. Hik, Christopher J. Latty, Amanda M. Koltz, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Eeva M. Soininen, Dorothee Ehrich, Natalia Sokolova, James D. M. Speed, Paul Smith, Isabel C. Barrio, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Martin A. Mörsdorf, Paul F. Woodard, Niels Martin Schmidt, Janet S. Prevéy, Øystein Varpe, Olivier Gilg, Loïc Bollache, R.S.A. van Bemmelen, Marie-Andrée Giroux, C. G. Bueno, Åshild Ønvik Pedersen, Glen S. Brown, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, and James D. Roth
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, tundra, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, habitat, 01 natural sciences, Ecological monitoring, ITEX, Herbivory Network, vertebrate, Invertebrate, General Environmental Science, herbivory, Environmental resource management, environmental change, International Tundra Experiment, communities, COMMUNITY, SUMMER, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, sampling, warming, constraint, Measure (physics), herbivore, ecological monitoring, 010603 evolutionary biology, ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE, scale, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, arctic, Life Science, International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), Interactions Working Group (IWG), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ecosystem, spatial scale, Herbivore, business.industry, Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord, global environmental change, CONSTRAINTS, area, landscape, Tundra, spatial, standardized protocol, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, business, Business Manager projects Mid-North, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, ecosystem responses, RESPONSES
Abstract: Understanding and predicting large-scale ecological responses to global environmental change requires comparative studies across geographic scales with coordinated efforts and standardized methodologies. We designed, applied and assessed standardized protocols to measure tundra herbivory at three spatial scales: plot, site (habitat), and study area (landscape). The plot and site-level protocols were tested in the field during summers 2014-2015 at eleven sites, nine of them comprising warming experimental plots included in the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). The study area protocols were assessed during 2014-2018 at 24 study areas across the Arctic. Our protocols provide comparable and easy-to-implement methods for assessing the intensity of invertebrate herbivory within ITEX plots and for characterizing vertebrate herbivore communities at larger spatial scales. We discuss methodological constraints and make recommendations for how these protocols can be used and how sampling effort can be optimized to obtain comparable estimates of herbivory, both at ITEX sites and at large landscape scales. The application of these protocols across the tundra biome will allow characterizing and comparing herbivore communities across tundra sites and at ecologically relevant spatial scales, providing an important step towards a better understanding of tundra ecosystem responses to large-scale environmental change. CGB was funded by the Estonian Research Council (grant IUT 20-28), and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). JDMS was supported by the Research Council of Norway (262064). OG and LB were supported by the French Polar Institute (program “1036 Interactions”) and PRC CNRS Russie 396 (program “ICCVAT”). DSH, NL, MAG, JB and JDR were supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada). NL, MAG, JB and JDR were supported by the Polar Continental Shelf Program. NL was supported by the Canada Research Chair program and the Canada Foundation for Innovation. NL and JB were supported by Environment Canada and Polar Knowledge Canada. NL and MAG were supported by the Government of Nunavut, the Igloolik Community, and Université de Moncton. NL, MAG and JB were supported by the Northern Scientific Training Program. JMA was funded by Carl Tryggers stiftelse för vetenskaplig forskning and Qatar Petroleum (QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18_19). IHM-S was funded by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council Shrub Tundra (NE/M016323/1) grant. ISJ was funded by the University of Iceland Research Fund. Fieldwork in Yamal peninsula (Erkuta, Sabetta and Belyi) for DE, NS and AS was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No: 18-05-60261 and No: 18-54-15013), Fram Centre project YaES (No: 362259), the Russian Center of Development of the Arctic, and the “Yamal-LNG” company. Fieldwork in Utqiaġvik was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fieldwork in Svalbard was supported by the Norwegian Research Council (AFG No: 246080/E10), the Norwegian Polar Institute, Climate-ecological Observatory for Arctic Tundra – COAT, the Svalbard Environmental protection fund (project number 15/20), and the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) and the AB-338/AB-838 students of 2018. Sampling at Billefjorden was supported by GACR 17- 20839S.
Published: 2022

9. Exploring recruitment dynamics of sugar maple and yellow birch saplings into merchantable stems following harvesting in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick, Canada

Author: Alex Noël, Jules Comeau, Salah-Eddine El Adlouni, Gaetan Pelletier, and Marie-Andrée Giroux
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Forestry
Abstract: The recruitment of saplings in forest stands into merchantable stems is a very complex process, thus making it challenging to understand and predict. The dynamics of recruitment in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick are not well known or well documented. Our objective was to garner information from existing large-scale routine forest inventories regarding the different dynamics behind the recruitment from the sapling layer into the commercial tree size layer. We focused on the density and occurrence of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) following harvesting, by looking at many factors on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales using models. The results suggest that the variation in density and probability of occurrence is best explained by the intensity of silvicultural treatment, by the merchantable stem density in each plot, and by the proportion of merchantable basal area of each group of species. The number of recruits of sugar maple and yellow birch stems tend be higher when time since last treatment increases, when mid to low levels of silvicultural treatment intensity were implemented, and within plots having intermediate levels of merchantable stem density. Lastly, our modeling efforts suggest that the probability of occurrence and density of recruitment of both species tend to increase while its share of merchantable basal area increases.
Published: 2022

10. Arctic terns from circumpolar breeding colonies share common migratory routes

Author: Dana K. Kellett, Avery Nagy-MacArthur, Joanna B. Wong, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Marie Auger-Méthé, Autumn-Lynn Harrison, Paul Smith, Mark Maftei, Mark L. Mallory, Ray T. Alisauskas, Simeon Lisovski, Willow B. English, Nicolas Lecomte, and Robert A. Ronconi
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geography, Ecology, Arctic, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 14. Life underwater, Circumpolar star, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: The Arctic tern is an iconic seabird, famous for its annual migrations between the Arctic and the Antarctic. Its wide geographical range has impeded knowledge of potential population bottlenecks during its annual bi-hemispheric movements. Although Arctic terns breed in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic coasts of North America, few tracking studies have been conducted on North American Arctic terns, and none in Canada, which represents a significant proportion of their circumpolar breeding range. Using light-level geolocators, we tracked 53 Arctic terns from 5 breeding colonies across a wide latitudinal and longitudinal range within North America. We compared the routes taken by birds in our study and migration timing to those previously tracked from Greenland, Iceland, The Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Maine (USA), and S. Alaska (USA). Most Arctic terns tracked globally used one of 3 southbound migration routes: (1) Atlantic West Africa; (2) Atlantic Brazil; and (3) Pacific coastal, and one of 2 northbound migration routes: (1) Mid-ocean Atlantic and (2) Mid-ocean Pacific. Some other trans-equatorial seabirds also used these migration routes, suggesting that Arctic tern routes may be important for other species. The migration timing for southbound and northbound migrations was generally different between tracked tern colonies worldwide but generally fell within a 1-2 mo window. Our research suggests that conservation management of Arctic terns during their migration should dynamically adapt with the times of the year that terns use parts of their route. Future identification of common multi-species seabird flyways could aid the international negotiations required to conserve pelagic seabirds such as Arctic terns.
Published: 2021

11. Nest attentiveness drives nest predation in arctic sandpipers

Author: Eve Afonso, Johannes Lang, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Dorothee Ehrich, Nicolas Lecomte, Jannik Hansen, Vladimir Gilg, Brigitte Sabard, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Laura McKinnon, Natalia Sokolova, Loïc Bollache, Richard B. Lanctot, Jeroen Reneerkens, Jérôme Moreau, Nicolas Meyer, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Benoît Sittler, Aleksandr Sokolov, Niels Martin Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Paul Smith, Vasiliy Sokolov, Rob van Bemmelen, Anders Angerbjörn, Joël Bêty, Piersma group, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sandpiper, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Foraging, Zoology, parental care, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, breeding behaviour, nest survival, Nest, incubation recesses, education, Incubation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Arctic shorebirds, Reproductive success, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, incubation strategy, Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord, biology.organism_classification, Paternal care, Business Manager projects Mid-North
Abstract: Most birds incubate their eggs to allow embryo development. This behaviour limits the ability of adults to perform other activities. Hence, incubating adults trade-off incubation and nest protection with foraging to meet their own needs. Parents can either cooperate to sustain this trade-off or incubate alone. The main cause of reproductive failure at this reproductive stage is predation and adults reduce this risk by keeping the nest location secret. Arctic sandpipers are interesting biological models to investigate parental care evolution as they may use several parental care strategies. The three main incubation strategies include both parents sharing incubation duties (?biparental?), one parent incubating alone (?uniparental?), or a flexible strategy with both uniparental and biparental incubation within a population (?mixed?). By monitoring the incubation behaviour in 714 nests of seven sandpiper species across 12 arctic sites, we studied the relationship between incubation strategy and nest predation. First, we described how the frequency of incubation recesses (NR), their mean duration (MDR), and the daily total duration of recesses (TDR) vary among strategies. Then, we examined how the relationship between the daily predation rate and these components of incubation behaviour varies across strategies using two complementary survival analysis. For uniparental and biparental species, the daily predation rate increased with the daily total duration of recesses and with the mean duration of recesses. In contrast, daily predation rate increased with the daily number of recesses for biparental species only. These patterns may be attributed to two independent mechanisms: cryptic incubating adults are more difficult to locate than unattended nests and adults departing the nest or feeding close to the nest can draw predators' attention. Our results demonstrate that incubation behaviour as mediated by incubation strategy has important consequences for sandpipers? reproductive success. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2020

12. Correction to: Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends?

Author: Sergey P. Kharitonov, Richard B. Lanctot, Igor Yu. Popov, Karin Clark, S. M. Sleptsov, Ray T. Alisauskas, Jay Frandsen, Johan Olofsson, Tarja Oksanen, Guy Morrisson, Diana V. Solovyeva, James D. Roth, Olivier Gilg, Rolf A. Ims, Heikki Henttonen, Aleksandr Sokolov, Birger Hörnfeldt, Ivan Pokrovsky, Siw Turid Killengreen, Nina E. Eide, Paul Smith, Lauri Oksanen, Anders Angerbjörn, Charles J. Krebs, Erik Framstad, Gennadiy D. Kataev, Gustaf Samelius, Donald G. Reid, Irina E. Menyushina, Benoît Sittler, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Niels Martin Schmidt, Mikhail Soloviev, Natalya A. Sokolova, Gilles Gauthier, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Dorothee Ehrich, Alastair Franke, Frauke Ecke, Nicolas Lecomte, and Douglas W. Morris
Subjects: Terrestrial Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing Arctic, Geography, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION, Geography, Planning and Development, Environmental Chemistry, Population growth, General Medicine, Physical geography, Publication process, The arctic
Abstract: Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-019-01198-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019

13. Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends?

Author: Aleksandr Sokolov, Gustaf Samelius, Siw Turid Killengreen, Nina E. Eide, Paul Smith, James D. Roth, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Rolf A. Ims, Dorothee Ehrich, Gilles Gauthier, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Diana V. Solovyeva, Karin Clark, Niels Martin Schmidt, Charles J. Krebs, Mikhail Soloviev, Olivier Gilg, Douglas W. Morris, Natalya A. Sokolova, Sergey P. Kharitonov, Richard B. Lanctot, Ray T. Alisauskas, Erik Framstad, Alastair Franke, Irina E. Menyushina, Birger Hörnfeldt, Gennadiy D. Kataev, Johan Olofsson, Igor Yu. Popov, Guy Morrisson, S. M. Sleptsov, Frauke Ecke, Ivan Pokrovsky, Nicolas Lecomte, Donald G. Reid, Benoît Sittler, Tarja Oksanen, Anders Angerbjörn, Heikki Henttonen, Lauri Oksanen, and Jay Frandsen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canada, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population Dynamics, Geography, Planning and Development, Temporal trends, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Russia, Arctic, Abundance (ecology), VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Population growth, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Arctic Regions, Arvicolinae, Dicrostonyx, Lemmus, General Medicine, Circumpolar star, Publisher Correction, Tundra, Small rodent, Geography, Sympatric speciation, Population monitoring, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480
Abstract: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Ambio. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01198-7. Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective.
Published: 2019

14. Behavioural responses of breeding arctic sandpipers to ground-surface temperature and primary productivity

Author: Jannik Hansen, Laura McKinnon, Eve Afonso, Johannes Lang, Brigitte Sabard, Richard B. Lanctot, Jérôme Moreau, Lisa V. Kennedy, Natalia Sokolova, Niels Martin Schmidt, Aleksander Sokolov, Loïc Bollache, Paul Smith, Jeroen Reneerkens, Vladimir Gilg, Sarah T. Saalfeld, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Anders Angerbjörn, Dorothee Ehrich, Nicolas Meyer, Olivier Gilg, Christopher J. Latty, Øystein Varpe, Nicolas Lecomte, Rob van Bemmelen, Glen S. Brown, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Vasiliy Sokolov, Matthias Galipaud, Benoît Sittler, Joël Bêty, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Wildlife Research & Monitoring Section, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), K.-C.-Irving Research Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, Université de Moncton, Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Working Group for Wildlife Research at the Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, York University [Toronto], Trent University, Community and Conservation Ecology Group [Groningen], Université de Groningen, Department of Coastal Systems, Utrecht University [Utrecht]-Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Chair for Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Bureau Waardenburg, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Study supported by the French Polar Institute (program '1036 Interactions'), PRC CNRS Russie (program 'ECCVAT', SABE and ERKU), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, IGLO, BYLO), the Polar Continental Shelf Program (IGLO, BYLO), the Canada Chair Research Program(IGLO), the Canadian Fund for Innovation (IGLO), Northern Scientific Training Program (BYLO, IGLO and CHUR), the Igloolik Hunters and Trappers Organization (IGLO), Université de Moncton (IGLO), ArcticNet (BYLO), Polar Knowledge Canada (BYLO), the Churchill Northern Studies Centre (CHUR), the Russian Fund for Basic Research (grants #18-54-15013 and #18-05-60261, ERKU, SABE, BELY), Yamal-LNG (SABE), Gazpromtrans (ERKU), NGO Russian Center of Development of the Arctic (ERKU), the Netherlands Polar Program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (grant #866.15.207 and #886.13.005, ZACK and AMMA), the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (ZACK), theMetawad project awarded by Waddenfonds (WF209925, ZACK), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (UTQI and CARI), Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative(UTQI), the National Fish andWildlife Foundation (UTQI),Manomet Inc (UTQI, CARI), Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (CARI), and The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)., and Piersma group
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Aves [Birds], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sandpiper, NDVI, Zoology, Incubation recesses, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Breeding, 01 natural sciences, Incubation behaviour, Nesting Behavior, Charadriiformes, incubation recesses, Environmental Chemistry, Small species, Animals, Environmental conditions, Waste Management and Disposal, Incubation, Primary productivity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Reproductive success, Arctic Regions, incubation strategy, Lag effects, Ground surface temperature, Temperature, incubation behaviour, Shorebird, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, lag effects, environmental conditions, Arctic, shorebird, Incubation strategy, Genus Calidris, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Most birds incubate their eggs, which requires time and energy at the expense of other activities. Birds generally have two incubation strategies: biparental where both mates cooperate in incubating eggs, and uniparental where a single parent incubates. In harsh and unpredictable environments, incubation is challenging due to high energetic demands and variable resource availability. We studied the relationships between the incubation behaviour of sandpipers (genus Calidris) and two environmental variables: temperature and a proxy of primary productivity (i.e. NDVI). We investigated how these relationships vary between incubation strategies and across species among strategies. We also studied how the relationship between current temperature and incubation behaviour varies with previous day's temperature. We monitored the incubation behaviour of nine sandpiper species using thermologgers at 15 arctic sites between 2016 and 2019. We also used thermologgers to record the ground surface temperature at conspecific nest sites and extracted NDVI values from a remote sensing product. We found no relationship between either environmental variables and biparental incubation behaviour. Conversely, as ground-surface temperature increased, uniparental species decreased total duration of recesses (TDR) and mean duration of recesses (MDR), but increased number of recesses (NR). Moreover, small species showed stronger relationships with ground-surface temperature than large species. When all uniparental species were combined, an increase in NDVI was correlated with higher mean duration, total duration and number of recesses, but relationships varied widely across species. Finally, some uniparental species showed a lag effect with a higher nest attentiveness after a warm day while more recesses occurred after a cold day than was predicted based on current temperatures. We demonstrate the complex interplay between shorebird incubation strategies, incubation behaviour, and environmental conditions. Understanding how species respond to changes in their environment during incubation helps predict their future reproductive success.
Published: 2021

15. Annual adult survival drives trends in Arctic-breeding shorebirds but knowledge gaps in other vital rates remain

Author: Stephen C. Brown, Emily L. Weiser, Megan L. Boldenow, Mikhail Soloviev, Martin D. Robards, David C. Payer, Laura Koloski, Brett K. Sandercock, Glen S. Brown, H. Grant Gilchrist, Joseph R. Liebezeit, Paul Smith, Steve Kendall, Eunbi Kwon, Scott A. Flemming, Johanna Perz, H. River Gates, Paul F. Woodard, Laura McKinnon, Rebecca L. McGuire, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Jennie Rausch, Samantha E. Franks, Jean-François Lamarre, Lisa V. Kennedy, Nicolas Lecomte, David H. Ward, Rodney W. Brook, Willow B. English, Nathan R. Senner, David B. Lank, Joël Bêty, Andrew D. Johnson, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Richard B. Lanctot, Diana V. Solovyeva, Christopher J. Latty, and Erica Nol
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, demography, fecundity, plover, Population, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, survival, 010605 ornithology, Flyway, phalarope, Population growth, education, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, sandpiper, Fecundity, Population bottleneck, Population model, Conservation status, waders, Animal Science and Zoology, Vital rates, population modeling, Demography
Abstract: Conservation status and management priorities are often informed by population trends. Trend estimates can be derived from population surveys or models, but both methods are associated with sources of uncertainty. Many Arctic-breeding shorebirds are thought to be declining based on migration and/or overwintering population surveys, but data are lacking to estimate the trends of some shorebird species. In addition, for most species, little is known about the stage(s) at which population bottlenecks occur, such as breeding vs. nonbreeding periods. We used previously published and unpublished estimates of vital rates to develop the first large-scale population models for 6 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds in North America, including separate estimates for 3 subspecies of Dunlin. We used the models to estimate population trends and identify life stages at which population growth may be limited. Our model for the arcticola subspecies of Dunlin agreed with previously published information that the subspecies is severely declining. Our results also linked the decline to the subspecies' low annual adult survival rate, thus potentially implicating factors during the nonbreeding period in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. However, our trend estimates for all species showed high uncertainty, highlighting the need for more accurate and precise estimates of vital rates. Of the vital rates, annual adult survival had the strongest influence on population trend in all taxa. Improving the accuracy, precision, and spatial and temporal coverage of estimates of vital rates, especially annual adult survival, would improve demographic model-based estimates of population trends and help direct management to regions or seasons where birds are subject to higher mortality.LAY SUMMARYDocumenting population trends is essential for evaluating the conservation status of wild species such as Arctic-breeding shorebirds.Trends can be estimated with population surveys or by predicting population growth based on survival rates and fecundity, but both methods are challenging, especially for species with large or remote geographic distributions.We used recent broad-scale estimates of survival and fecundity to develop population models for 6 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds.The arcticola subspecies of Dunlin is likely in severe decline, but our trend estimates for all species showed high uncertainty.Uncertainty around the values of annual adult survival rates was a key driver of the uncertainty around the trend estimates.Our work highlights the need for better estimates of annual adult survival, seasonal survival, juvenile survival, and breeding propensity for these Arctic-breeding shorebirds.
Published: 2020

16. Migratory connectivity of Semipalmated Sandpipers and implications for conservation

Author: Marie-Andrée Giroux, Eunbi Kwon, David B. Lank, Cheri L. Gratto-Trevor, Ron Porter, Rob Clay, Brad Winn, Jennie Rausch, Brett K. Sandercock, Nicolas Lecomte, Megan L. Boldenow, Stephen Yezerinac, Scott Freeman, David S. Mizrahi, Rebecca Bentzen, Audrey R. Taylor, Vanessa Loverti, Emily L. Weiser, Richard B. Lanctot, Shiloh A. Schulte, Stephen C. Brown, Paul A. Smith, and Joe Liebezeit
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, Sandpiper, biology, Range (biology), Ecology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, Calidris, food, Geography, Arctic, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) populations have undergone significant declines at core nonbreeding sites in northeastern South America. Breeding populations have also declined in the eastern North American Arctic, but appear to be stable or increasing in the central and western Arctic. To identify vulnerable populations and sites, we documented the migratory connectivity of Semipalmated Sandpipers using light-level geolocators, deploying 250 at 8 Arctic sites across the species' breeding range from 2011 to 2015, plus 87 at a single wintering site in northeastern Brazil in 2013 and 2014. We recovered 59 units and resighted 7 more (26% return rate) on the breeding grounds, but none at the nonbreeding site. We recovered only ∼3% of units deployed in 2013 at eastern Arctic breeding sites, but recovered 33% of those deployed in 2015. Overall, birds with geolocators were 57% as likely to return as those carrying alphanumeric flags. Stopover durations at prairie sites (mean: 8.7 days southbou...
Published: 2017

17. No evidence for disruption of global patterns of nest predation in shorebirds

Author: Natalya A. Sokolova, Nicolas Lecomte, Sarah E. Jamieson, Marie-Andrée Giroux, D’Amico, Rose J. Swift, Aleksandr Sokolov, Glen S. Brown, Jannik Hansen, Marcelo Bertellotti, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Olivier Gilg, Glenda D. Hevia, Megan L. Boldenow, James A. Johnson, Joe Liebezeit, Paula Machin, Bart Kempenaers, Joël Bêty, Jennie Rausch, Loïc Bollache, Jan A. van Gils, David H. Ward, Rebecca L. McGuire, Juan Fernandez-Elipe, Theunis Piersma, Niels Martin Schmidt, Johannes Lang, Conklin, Brian J. McCaffery, Michael-Exo K, Jean-François Lamarre, Daniel H. Catlin, Martin Bulla, Nicolas Meyer, Jeroen Reneerkens, Ricardo Augusto Serpa Cerboncini, Mihai Valcu, Erica Nol, Benoît Sittler, Emily L. Weiser, Eduardo S. A. Santos, Tomáš Albrecht, Richard Ottvall, Martijn van de Pol, José A. Alves, Nathan R. Senner, Stephen C. Brown, Paul A. Smith, H. River Gates, David C. Payer, Sara T Saalfeld, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Rob van Bemmelen, Diana V. Solovyeva, Matthew Johnson, Audrey R. Taylor, Richard B. Lanctot, Mikhail Soloviev, and Eunbi Kwon
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geography, Nest, 13. Climate action, Ecology, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, The arctic, Predation
Abstract: Kubelka et al. (Science, 9 November 2018, p. 680-683) claim that climate change has disrupted patterns of nest predation in shorebirds. They report that predation rates have increased since the 1950s, especially in the Arctic. We describe methodological problems with their analyses and argue that there is no solid statistical support for their claims.
Published: 2019

18. Comment on 'Global pattern of nest predation is disrupted by climate change in shorebirds'

Author: Mikhail Soloviev, Joël Bêty, David C. Payer, Sara T Saalfeld, Paula Machin, Eunbi Kwon, Daniel R. Ruthrauff, Nicolas Meyer, Klaus-Michael Exo, David H. Ward, Jean-François Lamarre, Benoît Sittler, Jesse R. Conklin, Mihai Valcu, Eduardo S. A. Santos, Tomáš Albrecht, Daniel H. Catlin, Audrey R. Taylor, Joe Liebezeit, Megan L. Boldenow, Richard Ottvall, Richard B. Lanctot, Rebecca L. McGuire, Olivier Gilg, Loïc Bollache, Aleksandr Sokolov, José A. Alves, Nathan R. Senner, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Jan A. van Gils, Sarah E. Jamieson, Emily L. Weiser, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Jeroen Reneerkens, Matthew Johnson, Marcelo Bertellotti, H. River Gates, Brian J. McCaffery, Glenda D. Hevia, Nicolas Lecomte, Glen S. Brown, Natalya A. Sokolova, Niels Martin Schmidt, Verónica L. D’Amico, Bart Kempenaers, Martin Bulla, Rob van Bemmelen, Diana V. Solovyeva, Rose J. Swift, Johannes Lang, Ricardo Augusto Serpa Cerboncini, James A. Johnson, Martijn van de Pol, Erica Nol, Juan Fernandez-Elipe, Jennie Rausch, Jannik Hansen, Theunis Piersma, Stephen C. Brown, Paul A. Smith, Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Groupe de recherche en écologie arctique (GREA), Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Natural Resource Sciences - National Park Service, Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN), Graduate Program in Production Engineering and System (PPGEPS), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Department of Biology, Trent University, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND FORESTRY CAN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Summit Analytical, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Audubon Society of Portland, Departement de Biologie & Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie - Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Departamento de Matematica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Institute of Avian Research, Vogelwarte Helgoland, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Durham University, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), University of Montana, Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Université de Moncton, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Arctic Beringia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Shorebird Recovery Program, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology and Evolution, Inst. Vertebrate Biol., Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Migratory Bird Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Animal Ecology (AnE), Piersma group, Palsbøll lab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, CLIMATE CHANGE, NEST PREDATION, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Nesting Behavior, Ciencias Biológicas, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Predatory behavior, Nest, Life Science, Animals, INVESTIGATOR DISTURBANCE, 14. Life underwater, SHOREBIRDS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Arctic Regions, Plan_S-Compliant_NO, Ecología, 15. Life on land, The arctic, 010601 ecology, Geography, ECOLOGICAL TRAP, 13. Climate action, international, Predatory Behavior, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Kubelka et al. (Reports, 9 November 2018, p. 680) claim that climate change has disrupted patterns of nest predation in shorebirds. They report that predation rates have increased since the 1950s, especially in the Arctic. We describe methodological problems with their analyses and argue that there is no solid statistical support for their claims. Fil: Bulla, Martin. Nioz Royal Netherlands Institute For Sea Research; Países Bajos. Max Planck Institute For Ornithology; Alemania. Czech University of Life Sciences; República Checa Fil: Reneerkens, Jeroen. Nioz Royal Netherlands Institute For Sea Research; Países Bajos. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Weiser, Emily L.. Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Sokolov, Aleksandr. Institute Of Plant And Animal Ecology; Rusia Fil: Taylor, Audrey R.. University of Alaska; Estados Unidos Fil: Sittler, Benoît. Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg; Alemania. Arctic Ecology Research Group; Francia Fil: McCaffery, Brian J.. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Ruthrauff, Dan R.. U.S. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Catlin, Daniel H.. Virginia Tech University; Estados Unidos Fil: Payer, David C.. National Park Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Ward, David H.. U.S. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Solovyeva, Diana V.. Institute of Biological Problems of the North; Rusia Fil: Santos, Eduardo S. A.. Universidade de São Paulo; Brasil Fil: Rakhimberdiev, Eldar. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Rusia. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Nol, Erica. Trent University; Canadá Fil: Kwon, Eunbi. Virginia Tech; Estados Unidos Fil: Brown, Glen S.. Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Canadá Fil: Hevia, Glenda Denise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Gates, H. River. National Audubon Society; Estados Unidos Fil: Johnson, James A.. Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos Fil: van Gils, Jan A.. Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University; Países Bajos Fil: Hansen, Jannik. Aarhus University. Aarhus Institute Of Advanced Studies.; Dinamarca Fil: Lamarre, Jean-François. Polar Knowledge Canada; Canadá Fil: Rausch, Jennie. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadá Fil: Conklin, Jesse R.. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Liebezeit, Joe. Audubon Society of Portland; Estados Unidos Fil: Bêty, Joël. University of Quebec; Canadá Fil: Lang, Johannes. Arctic Ecology Research Group ; Francia. Giessen University; Alemania Fil: Alves, José A.. University of Aveiro; Portugal. University of Iceland; Islandia Fil: Fernández-Elipe, Juan. No especifíca; Fil: Exo, Klaus-Michael. Institute of Avian Research “Vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Bollache, Loïc. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia Fil: Bertellotti, Néstor Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Giroux, Marie-Andrée. Université de Moncton; Canadá Fil: van de Pol, Martijn. Netherlands Institute of Ecology ; Países Bajos Fil: Johnson, Matthew. USDA Forest Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Boldenow, Megan L.. University of Alaska; Estados Unidos Fil: Valcu, Mihai. Max Planck Institute für Ornithologie; Alemania Fil: Soloviev, Mikhail. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Alemania Fil: Sokolova, Natalya. Arctic Research Station; Rusia Fil: Senner, Nathan R.. University of South Carolina; Estados Unidos Fil: Lecomte, Nicolas. Université de Moncton; Canadá Fil: Meyer, Nicolas. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia. Arctic Ecology Research Group; Francia Fil: Schmidt, Niels Martin. Aarhus University. Department of Bioscience; Dinamarca Fil: Gilg, Olivier. Arctic Ecology Research Group; Francia. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia Fil: Smith, Paul A.. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadá Fil: Machín, Paula. No especifíca; Fil: McGuire, Rebecca L.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unidos Fil: Cerboncini, Ricardo A. S.. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil Fil: Ottvall, Richard. No especifíca; Fil: van Bemmelen, Rob S. A.. Wageningen Marine Research; Países Bajos Fil: Swift, Rose J.. Cornell University; Estados Unidos Fil: Saalfeld, Sarah T.. No especifíca; Fil: Jamieson,Sarah E.. Simon Fraser University; Canadá Fil: Brown, Stephen. No especifíca; Fil: Piersma, Theunis. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research; Países Bajos. Conservation Ecology Group; Países Bajos Fil: Albrecht, Tomas. Czech Academy of Sciences; República Checa. Charles University; República Checa Fil: D’Amico, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Lanctot, Richard B.. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Kempenaers, Bart. Max Planck Institute für Ornithologie; Alemania
Published: 2019

19. The strength of ecological subsidies across ecosystems: a latitudinal gradient of direct and indirect impacts on food webs

Author: Shawn J. Leroux, Laurent Montagano, Marie-Andrée Giroux, and Nicolas Lecomte
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biome, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Indirect effect, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Abundance (ecology), Temperate climate, Environmental science, Animals, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Macroecology, Trophic level
Abstract: Material and energy flows among ecosystems can directly and indirectly drive ecosystem functions. Yet, how populations of consumers respond to allochthonous inputs at a macroecological scale is still unclear. Using a meta-analysis spanning several biomes, we show that the abundance of recipient populations is 36-57% larger with increased allochthonous inputs. The strength of direct effects on the recipients of these inputs as well as the indirect effects on the consumers of these recipients (i.e. ascending indirect effects) are constant across a latitudinal gradient spanning subtropical, arid, temperate, boreal and arctic ecosystems. However, indirect effect on the in situ resources of the input recipient (i.e. descending indirect effects) decreases with latitude. Our results suggest that the influence of allochthonous inputs can vary across large-scale gradients of ecosystem productivity and may be driven by the types of trophic interactions within recipient food webs.
Published: 2018

20. Ibis

Author: Nicolas Lecomte, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Rodney W. Brook, Richard B. Lanctot, Lisa V. Kennedy, Andrew D. Johnson, Megan L. Boldenow, Steve Kendall, David H. Ward, Johanna Perz, Erica Nol, H. Grant Gilchrist, Rebecca Bentzen, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Samantha E. Franks, Laura Koloski, Jean-François Lamarre, Nathan R. Senner, Stephen C. Brown, Mikhail Soloviev, Jennie Rausch, Paul A. Smith, Brett K. Sandercock, H. River Gates, Joseph R. Liebezeit, Laura McKinnon, Scott A. Flemming, Paul F. Woodard, David B. Lank, Willow B. English, Joël Bêty, Diana V. Solovyeva, Emily L. Weiser, Kenneth F. Abraham, Martin D. Robards, Tyrone F. Donnelly, Christopher J. Latty, Eunbi Kwon, and Fish and Wildlife Conservation
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, clutch size, National park, Wildlife, Library science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Natural resource, Indigenous, 010601 ecology, nest survival, Geography, climate change, Arctic, Wildlife refuge, Geological survey, waders, Animal Science and Zoology, incubation duration, Bird conservation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: The Arctic is experiencing rapidly warming conditions, increasing predator abundance, and diminishing population cycles of keystone species such as lemmings. However, it is still not known how many Arctic animals will respond to a changing climate with altered trophic interactions. We studied clutch size, incubation duration and nest survival of 17 taxa of Arctic-breeding shorebirds at 16 field sites over 7years. We predicted that physiological benefits of higher temperatures and earlier snowmelt would increase reproductive effort and nest survival, and we expected increasing predator abundance and decreasing abundance of alternative prey (arvicoline rodents) to have a negative effect on reproduction. Although we observed wide ranges of conditions during our study, we found no effects of covariates on reproductive traits in 12 of 17 taxa. In the remaining taxa, most relationships agreed with our predictions. Earlier snowmelt increased the probability of laying a full clutch from 0.61 to 0.91 for Western Sandpipers, and shortened incubation by 1.42days for arcticola Dunlin and 0.77days for Red Phalaropes. Higher temperatures increased the probability of a full clutch from 0.60 to 0.93 for Western Sandpipers and from 0.76 to 0.97 for Red-necked Phalaropes, and increased daily nest survival rates from 0.9634 to 0.9890 for Semipalmated Sandpipers and 0.9546 to 0.9880 for Western Sandpipers. Higher abundance of predators (foxes) reduced daily nest survival rates only in Western Sandpipers (0.9821-0.9031). In contrast to our predictions, the probability of a full clutch was lowest (0.83) for Semipalmated Sandpipers at moderate abundance of alternative prey, rather than low abundance (0.90). Our findings suggest that in the short-term, climate warming may have neutral or positive effects on the nesting cycle of most Arctic-breeding shorebirds. National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2010-0061-015, 2011-0032-014, 0801.12.032731, 0801.13.041129]; Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act [F11AP01040, F12AP00734, F13APO535, 4073]; Arctic Goose Joint Venture; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc.; Bureau of Land Management; Canada Fund for InnovationCanada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research ChairsCanada Research Chairs; Cape Krusenstern National Monument grant; Centre for Wildlife Ecology at Simon Fraser University; Churchill Northern Studies Centre; Cornell University Graduate School Mellon Grant; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; FQRNT (Quebec)FQRNT; Government of Nunavut; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada; Kansas State University; Kresge Foundation; Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation; Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences; Mississippi Flyway Council; Murie Science and Learning Center grants; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Park Service; National Science Foundation (Office of Polar Programs Grant) [ARC-1023396]; National Science Foundation (Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant)National Science Foundation (NSF) [1110444]; Natural Resources Canada (Polar Continental Shelf Program); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Studies Training Program; Selawik National Wildlife Refuge; Trust for Mutual Understanding; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Colorado Denver; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Moncton; US Fish and Wildlife Service (Migratory Bird Management Division, Survey, Monitoring and Assessment Program); US Fish and Wildlife Service (Alaska National Wildlife Refuge System's Challenge Cost Share Program); US Fish and Wildlife Service (Avian Influenza Health and Influenza programmes); US Geological Survey (USGS) (Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative, Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Alaska Department of Fish and Game E.L.W compiled the field data, designed and performed the statistical analyses and wrote the manuscript. B.K.S. assisted with design of analyses and preparation of the manuscript. R.B.L., S.C.B. and H.R.G. led development of standardized field protocols and coordinated field work. B.K.S., R.B.L., S.C.B., H.R.G. and all other authors, who are listed in alphabetical order, designed and conducted the field studies, contributed to interpreting the results and assisted with editing the manuscript. Major support for the ASDN was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grants 2010-0061-015, 2011-0032-014, 0801.12.032731 and 0801.13.041129), the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act (grants F11AP01040, F12AP00734 and F13APO535) and the Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Additional funding for participating field sites was provided by: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Arctic Goose Joint Venture, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc., Bureau of Land Management, Canada Fund for Innovation, Canada Research Chairs, Cape Krusenstern National Monument grant, Centre for Wildlife Ecology at Simon Fraser University, Churchill Northern Studies Centre, Cornell University Graduate School Mellon Grant, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, FQRNT (Quebec), Government of Nunavut, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, Kansas State University, Kresge Foundation, Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Mississippi Flyway Council, Murie Science and Learning Center grants, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Park Service, National Science Foundation (Office of Polar Programs Grant ARC-1023396 and Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant 1110444), Natural Resources Canada (Polar Continental Shelf Program), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant and Northern Supplement), Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act (grant 4073), Northern Studies Training Program, Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, Trust for Mutual Understanding, Universite du Quebec a Rimouski, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Colorado Denver, University of Missouri Columbia, University of Moncton, US Fish and Wildlife Service (Migratory Bird Management Division, Survey, Monitoring and Assessment Program, Alaska National Wildlife Refuge System's Challenge Cost Share Program and Avian Influenza Health and Influenza programmes), US Geological Survey (USGS) (Changing Arctic Ecosystem Initiative, Wildlife Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area), and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation. Logistical support was provided by Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Barrow Arctic Science Consortium, BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc., Kinross Gold Corporation, Umiaq LLC, Selawik National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS), ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc., Cape Krusenstern National Monument (National Park Service) and Sirmilik National Park (Parks Canada). We thank local communities and landowners, including the Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation, the people of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Sitnasuak Native Corporation, the Kuukpik Corporation and the North Slope Borough for permitting us to conduct research on their lands.; Animal handling, marking and monitoring procedures were approved by Environment and Climate Change Canada, Government of Nunavut, Kansas State University, National Park Service, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Moncton, US Fish & Wildlife Service and US Geological Survey. All applicable international, national and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. We thank A. Tygart for assistance in compiling JAGS for use on the Beocat supercomputer at Kansas State University, D. Payer and S. Freeman for their work at Canning River, and H. Meltofte, P. Battley, B. Ross, J. Sutton, L. Martin and the Sandercock lab for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We thank the many field assistants who were involved in data collection, especially field crew leaders K. Bennet, M. Burrell, J. Cunningham, E. D'Astous, S. Carvey, A. Doll, L. Pirie Dominix, K. Gold, A. Gottesman, K. Grond, P. Herzog, B. Hill, D. Hodgkinson, A. J. Johnson, D. Pavlik, M. Peck, L. Pollock, S. Sapora, B. Schwarz, F. Smith, H. M. Specht, M. VanderHeyden, B. M. Walker and B. Wilkinson. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee
Published: 2018

21. Early stage litter decomposition across biomes

Author: Umberto Morra di Cella, Sean P. Charles, Matteo Gualmini, Naoko Tokuchi, Michael Mirtl, Marta Lobão Lopes, Takeshi Ise, Inmaculada García Quirós, Geovana Carreño-Rocabado, Arne Verstraeten, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Thomas Zechmeister, Jill Thompson, Norbert Hölzel, Maroof Hamid, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Taiki Mori, José Marcelo Domingues Torezan, Dana Polyanskaya, Peter Haase, Björn Berg, Angela Stanisci, Issaka Senou, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Markus Wagner, Adriano Caliman, Laurel M. Brigham, Alejandro Valdecantos, Céline Meredieu, Kalifa Coulibaly, Margarida Santos-Reis, Georg Wohlfahrt, Regin Rønn, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Weih, Bernd Ahrends, Kaie Kriiska, Anja Schmidt, Luciana S. Carneiro, Ana I. Lillebø, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Ana I. Sousa, Sonja Wipf, Chi-Ling Chen, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, Sue J. Milton, Ivan Mihal, Ika Djukic, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Peter Fleischer, Tatsuro Nakaji, Cendrine Mony, Sara Puijalon, Rafael D. Guariento, Rosa Isela Meneses, Mihai Pușcaș, Pablo Luis Peri, Flurin Sutter, Kate Lajtha, Peter B. Reich, Lindsey E. Rustad, María Guadalupe Almazán Torres, Laura Williams, George L. Vourlitis, Evanilde Benedito, Arely N. Palabral-Aguilera, Luis Villar, Stefanie Hoeber, Juan J. Jiménez, Esperança Gacia, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Takanori Sato, Eric Lucot, Osvaldo Borges Pinto, Artur Stefanski, Andrew R. Smith, Takuo Hishi, Rosario G. Gavilán, Till Kleinebecker, Julia Seeber, Gina Arena, Marcelo Sternberg, Mo Jiangming, Tsutom Hiura, Satoshi N. Suzuki, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Christine Delire, Francisco Cuesta, Bill Parker, Mark Frenzel, Franz Zehetner, Vincent Maire, Edward Crawford, Heinke Jäger, Nicolas Lecomte, Tanaka Kenta, Yuji Kominami, Joseph C. Morina, Paige E. Weber, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marc Lebouvier, Pascal Vittoz, Jónína Sigríður Þorláksdóttir, Anne Probst, David Fuentes Delgado, Laura Yahdjian, Johan Neirynck, Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele, Bernard Bosman, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Yury Rozhkov, Ute Hamer, Henning Meesenburg, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Steffen Seitz, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Jess K. Zimmerman, Hans Verbeeck, Thomas Scholten, Elena Preda, Thomas Spiegelberger, Romain Georges, Stefan Löfgren, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Pierre Marmonier, Juha M. Alatalo, Katalin Szlavecz, Ana Carolina Ruiz Fernández, Johannes M. H. Knops, Rita Adrian, Vanessa Mendes Rêgo, Jean-Christophe Lata, Rafaella Canessa, Kathrin Käppeler, Andrea Fischer, Michael Bierbaumer, Jiří Doležal, Hideaki Shibata, Marcus Schaub, Zsolt Toth, Diyaa Radeideh, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Robert Kanka, William H. McDowell, Birgit Sattler, Jean-Luc Probst, Mioko Ataka, Katarína Gerhátová, Jawad Shoqeir, Stefan Stoll, Michael Danger, Sébastien Gogo, Katja Tielbörger, Laryssa Helena Ribeiro Pazianoto, Bo Yang, Franco L. Souza, John Loehr, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Michael J. Liddell, Sylvie Dousset, Dirk Wundram, Ralf Kiese, Yalin Hu, Miglena Zhiyanski, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Katie A. Jennings, Tsutomu Enoki, Helena Cristina Serrano, Quentin Ponette, Helge Bruelheide, Simon Drollinger, Vincent Bretagnolle, Ivika Ostonen, Lambiénou Yé, Javier Roales, Philippe Choler, Madison Morley, Charles A. Nock, Grizelle González, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Cristina Branquinho, Hugo López Rosas, Nina V. Filippova, Erzsébet Hornung, Anzar A. Khuroo, Lourdes Morillas, Harald Auge, Andreas Bohner, Florian Kitz, Stephan Glatzel, Aurora Gaxiola, Marijn Bauters, Stefan Trogisch, Guylaine Canut, Oscar Romero, Hélène Verheyden, Yulia Zaika, Veronika Piscová, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Valentin H. Klaus, Elena Tropina, Michele Di Musciano, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Florian Hofhansl, Wenjun Zhou, Corinna Rebmann, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Zsolt Kotroczó, Evy Ampoorter, Michal Růžek, Jana Borovská, Jianwu Tang, Petr Petřík, Juan Dario Quinde, Simone Mereu, Esther Lévesque, Olga Ferlian, Veronika Fontana, Joël Merlet, Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, André-Jean Francez, Wentao Luo, Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Brigitta Erschbamer, Christopher Andrews, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Martin Schädler, Luciano Di Martino, Verena Busch, Elli Groner, Victoria Carbonell, Michinari Matsushita, Maria Glushkova, Sarah Freda, Alain Paquette, Annie Ouin, Robert Weigel, Monique Carnol, Bohdan Juráni, Ian D. Yesilonis, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Hugo L. Rojas Villalobos, Alberto Humber, Martha Apple, Nico Eisenhauer, Claus Beier, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Hiroko Kurokawa, Nadia Barsoum, Thierry Camboulive, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Frank Berninger, Laura Dienstbach, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Inara Melece, Felipe Varela, Sally Wittlinger, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Marina Mazón, E. Carol Adair, Hanna Lee, István Fekete, Liesbeth van den Brink, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Ken Green, Heike Feldhaar, Jonathan von Oppen, Michele Carbognani, Lu Xiankai, Christophe Piscart, Fernando T. Maestre, Karibu Fukuzawa, Chiao-Ping Wang, Bart Muys, Lipeng Zhang, Harald Pauli, Inge van Halder, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Priscilla Muriel, Heather D. Alexander, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Victoria Ochoa, Casper T. Christiansen, Mohammed Alsafran, Thaisa Sala Michelan, Christel Baum, Amélie Saillard, Hervé Jactel, Markus Didion, Evgeny A. Davydov, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, Anna Avila, Andrijana Andrić, Kris Verheyen, Jörg Löffler, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Anikó Seres, Jutta Stadler, Milan Barna, Andrey V. Malyshev, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Joh R. Henschel, Peter I. Macreadie, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Information Engineering [Beijing] (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Rostock, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department Computational Hydrosystems [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département de chimie-biologie & Centre d’études nordiques [CANADA], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Area de Biodiversidad y Conservaciín, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Soil Research, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut du Développement rural (IDR), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie (CAP), Fondation Jean-Marcel Aubert, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou (CUP-D), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), USDA Forest Service, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Zurich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) - Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Canada Research in Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Department of Crop Production Ecology, University of Freiburg, Forest Research Institute- BAS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité (LADYBIO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipzig University, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Limnology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Bangor University, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory RIKEN (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), 730938, Biological Interactions Doctoral Programme, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, 2/0101/18, Scientific Grant Agency VEGA, 2190, Fundación Charles Darwin, UID/AMB/50017, Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro, ILTER Initiative Grant, ClimMani Short-Term Scientific Missions Grant, ES1308-231015-068365, Austrian Environment Agency, SFRH/BPD/107823/2015, Portuguese Foundation, DEB-1557009, NSF, UID/BIA/00329/2013, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), University of Helsinki, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Lisbon, Université de Leipzig, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Sassari, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Météo France (FRANCE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences - Department of Forest Soils, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science Politique Relations Internationales Territoire (SPIRIT), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Rostock [Germany], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Laboratoire de Comportement et d'Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Universidad de Puerto Rico, Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou, Université de Ouagadougou, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), LTSER Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Hokkaido University, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Djukic I., Kepfer-Rojas S., Schmidt I.K., Larsen K.S., Beier C., Berg B., Verheyen K., Caliman A., Paquette A., Gutierrez-Giron A., Humber A., Valdecantos A., Petraglia A., Alexander H., Augustaitis A., Saillard A., Fernandez A.C.R., Sousa A.I., Lillebo A.I., da Rocha Gripp A., Francez A.-J., Fischer A., Bohner A., Malyshev A., Andric A., Smith A., Stanisci A., Seres A., Schmidt A., Avila A., Probst A., Ouin A., Khuroo A.A., Verstraeten A., Palabral-Aguilera A.N., Stefanski A., Gaxiola A., Muys B., Bosman B., Ahrends B., Parker B., Sattler B., Yang B., Jurani B., Erschbamer B., Ortiz C.E.R., Christiansen C.T., Carol Adair E., Meredieu C., Mony C., Nock C.A., Chen C.-L., Wang C.-P., Baum C., Rixen C., Delire C., Piscart C., Andrews C., Rebmann C., Branquinho C., Polyanskaya D., Delgado D.F., Wundram D., Radeideh D., Ordonez-Regil E., Crawford E., Preda E., Tropina E., Groner E., Lucot E., Hornung E., Gacia E., Levesque E., Benedito E., Davydov E.A., Ampoorter E., Bolzan F.P., Varela F., Kristofel F., Maestre F.T., Maunoury-Danger F., Hofhansl F., Kitz F., Sutter F., Cuesta F., de Almeida Lobo F., de Souza F.L., Berninger F., Zehetner F., Wohlfahrt G., Vourlitis G., Carreno-Rocabado G., Arena G., Pinha G.D., Gonzalez G., Canut G., Lee H., Verbeeck H., Auge H., Pauli H., Nacro H.B., Bahamonde H.A., Feldhaar H., Jager H., Serrano H.C., Verheyden H., Bruelheide H., Meesenburg H., Jungkunst H., Jactel H., Shibata H., Kurokawa H., Rosas H.L., Rojas Villalobos H.L., Yesilonis I., Melece I., Van Halder I., Quiros I.G., Makelele I., Senou I., Fekete I., Mihal I., Ostonen I., Borovska J., Roales J., Shoqeir J., Lata J.-C., Theurillat J.-P., Probst J.-L., Zimmerman J., Vijayanathan J., Tang J., Thompson J., Dolezal J., Sanchez-Cabeza J.-A., Merlet J., Henschel J., Neirynck J., Knops J., Loehr J., von Oppen J., Thorlaksdottir J.S., Loffler J., Cardoso-Mohedano J.-G., Benito-Alonso J.-L., Torezan J.M., Morina J.C., Jimenez J.J., Quinde J.D., Alatalo J., Seeber J., Stadler J., Kriiska K., Coulibaly K., Fukuzawa K., Szlavecz K., Gerhatova K., Lajtha K., Kappeler K., Jennings K.A., Tielborger K., Hoshizaki K., Green K., Ye L., Pazianoto L.H.R., Dienstbach L., Williams L., Yahdjian L., Brigham L.M., van den Brink L., Rustad L., Zhang L., Morillas L., Xiankai L., Carneiro L.S., Di Martino L., Villar L., Bader M.Y., Morley M., Lebouvier M., Tomaselli M., Sternberg M., Schaub M., Santos-Reis M., Glushkova M., Torres M.G.A., Giroux M.-A., de Graaff M.-A., Pons M.-N., Bauters M., Mazon M., Frenzel M., Didion M., Wagner M., Hamid M., Lopes M.L., Apple M., Schadler M., Weih M., Gualmini M., Vadeboncoeur M.A., Bierbaumer M., Danger M., Liddell M., Mirtl M., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Ruzek M., Carbognani M., Di Musciano M., Matsushita M., Zhiyanski M., Puscas M., Barna M., Ataka M., Jiangming M., Alsafran M., Carnol M., Barsoum N., Tokuchi N., Eisenhauer N., Lecomte N., Filippova N., Holzel N., Ferlian O., Romero O., Pinto O.B., Peri P., Weber P., Vittoz P., Turtureanu P.D., Fleischer P., Macreadie P., Haase P., Reich P., Petrik P., Choler P., Marmonier P., Muriel P., Ponette Q., Guariento R.D., Canessa R., Kiese R., Hewitt R., Ronn R., Adrian R., Kanka R., Weigel R., Gatti R.C., Martins R.L., Georges R., Meneses R.I., Gavilan R.G., Dasgupta S., Wittlinger S., Puijalon S., Freda S., Suzuki S., Charles S., Gogo S., Drollinger S., Mereu S., Wipf S., Trevathan-Tackett S., Lofgren S., Stoll S., Trogisch S., Hoeber S., Seitz S., Glatzel S., Milton S.J., Dousset S., Mori T., Sato T., Ise T., Hishi T., Kenta T., Nakaji T., Michelan T.S., Camboulive T., Mozdzer T.J., Scholten T., Spiegelberger T., Zechmeister T., Kleinebecker T., Hiura T., Enoki T., Ursu T.-M., di Cella U.M., Hamer U., Klaus V.H., Rego V.M., Di Cecco V., Busch V., Fontana V., Piscova V., Carbonell V., Ochoa V., Bretagnolle V., Maire V., Farjalla V., Zhou W., Luo W., McDowell W.H., Hu Y., Utsumi Y., Kominami Y., Zaika Y., Rozhkov Y., Kotroczo Z., Toth Z., and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: DYNAMICS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Carbon turnover, 01 natural sciences, CARBON, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CLIMATE-CHANGE, биомы, Tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, Carbon turnover, TeaComposition initiative, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, TRAITS, Rooibos tea, IMPACTS, Environmental Engineering, почвенные процессы, chemistry.chemical_element, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Ingénierie de l'environnement, Green tea, Tea bag, TeaComposition initiative, Ecology and Environment, Atmosphere, подстилки, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, RATES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, оборот углерода, Science & Technology, Tea composition initiative, FEEDBACK, 15. Life on land, Decomposition, влияние климата, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, MODEL, экосистемы, chemistry, 13. Climate action, PATTERNS, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::577 Ökologie, Carbon, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and meta-analyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates (Rooibos and Green tea) for comparison of litter mass loss at 336 sites (ranging from -9 to +26 °C MAT and from 60 to 3113 mm MAP) across different ecosystems. In this study we tested the effect of climate (temperature and moisture), litter type and land-use on early stage decomposition (3 months) across nine biomes. We show that litter quality was the predominant controlling factor in early stage litter decomposition, which explained about 65% of the variability in litter decomposition at a global scale. The effect of climate, on the other hand, was not litter specific and explained
Published: 2018

22. Year-round migratory connectivity in American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica)

Author: Jean-François Lamarre, Bêty, Joël, Reed, Eric, Lanctot, Richard, Love, Oliver, Gauthier, Gilles, Johnson, Oscar W, Overduijn, Kelly, Liebezeit, Joe, Bentzen, Rebecca, Russell, Mike, Mckinnon, Laura, Kolosky, Laura, Smith, Paul, Flemming, Scott, Lecomte, Nicolas, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Bauer, Silke, and Emmenegger, Tamara
Published: 2017
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23. Forage-mediated density and climate effects on body mass in a temperate herbivore: a mechanistic approach

Author: Jean-Pierre Tremblay, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Steeve D. Côté, Marie Simard, and Marie-Andrée Giroux
Subjects: Herbivore, biology, Ecology, Climate, Deer, Body Weight, Taiga, Growing season, Forage, Plants, Odocoileus, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, Density dependence, Abundance (ecology), Temperate climate, Animals, Herbivory, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: The interplay between density and climate in shaping the dynamics of herbivore populations is widely acknowledged, and current research is fueled by the identification of mechanisms underlying their effects on individuals and populations. We assessed whether forage availability mediated the effects of density and winter climate on body mass of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) yearlings by experimentally reducing deer density to 7.5 and 15 deer/km2 during eight growing seasons, and by using causal (graphical) hierarchical models and Bayesian hierarchical modeling to assess relationships. The abundance of preferred forage decreased with deer density and varied quadratically (positive parabola) with winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), whereas the fall mass of yearlings increased with forage abundance and spring mass. Fall mass did not differ between experimentally reduced deer densities, yet experimental yearlings were 30% heavier than yearlings harvested at ambient densities. Hence, forage abundance simultaneously mediated the effects of density and climate on fall body mass, which was also influenced by carry-over effects of spring body mass. Our findings increase our ability to anticipate how temperate large herbivores will respond to ongoing changes in intrinsic (e.g., large-herbivore density) and extrinsic (e.g., climate) factors.
Published: 2014

24. Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Fecal Chemistry as Predictors of the Diet Composition of White-Tailed Deer

Author: Steeve D. Côté, Jean-Pierre Tremblay, Robert L. Bradley, Pierre-Olivier Jean, and Marie-Andrée Giroux
Subjects: Balsam, Ecology, biology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Odocoileus, Herbaceous plant, biology.organism_classification, Explained variation, Animal science, Deciduous, Botany, Animal Science and Zoology, Relative species abundance, Feces, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Abies balsamea
Abstract: Overbrowsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) on Anticosti Island (Canada) created a need to develop efficient methods for estimating their foraging patterns. We tested the ability of near infrared (NIR) spectra of feces and of fecal chemical properties to predict diet composition of different individuals. We first used a principal component-based discriminant analysis to sort the NIR spectra of fecal samples (n¼102) obtained from two groups of captive deer that had been fed two different diets. The diets differed only in their relative abundance of balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] P.Mill.) and white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss.) foliage. The calibrated model allowed us to assign 28 of 30 validation fecal samples (93.3 %) to the correct diet. In a second study, we attempted to estimate the proportion of coniferous, deciduous, herbaceous, and lichenous forages in diets of free-ranging white-tailed deer, as determined by fecal microhistology. Both NIR spectra and chemical properties of feces were used as predictors of diet composition. NIR spectra were analyzed using partial least-squares regression (PLSR), whereas fecal chemical properties were analyzed using mixed-linear regressions (MLRs). The PLSR models were robust (R 2 ¼0.89; ratio of prediction to deviation¼3.2) for predicting the amount of coniferous fragments, but not for predicting the relative amounts of balsam fir, white spruce, and deciduous and lichenous fragments within feces. MLR models revealed a positive relationship (47% variance explained) between acid detergent lignin (ADL) and coniferous fragments within feces. ADL and cellulose explained 24% of variance in deciduous fecal fragments, whereas ADL alone explained 22% of variance in balsam fir fecal fragments. These results suggest that NIR spectroscopy and fecal chemical properties have several applications on Anticosti Island, such as measuring the degree of variation in diets within a given home range or determining dietary conifer intake during winter.
Published: 2014

25. Unexpected diversity in socially synchronized rhythms of shorebirds

Author: Laura McKinnon, David B. Lank, Joël Bêty, Caleb S. Spiegel, Joanna Burger, Pavel S. Tomkovich, James A. Johnson, Paul A. Smith, Tomás Montalvo, Klaus Michael Exo, Clemens Küpper, Egor Y. Loktionov, Jos C.E.W. Hooijmeijer, Bruno J. Ens, Laura Koloski, Marcel Klaassen, Jean-François Lamarre, Orsolya Vincze, Vanessa Loverti, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Mihai Valcu, Stephen Brown, Hanna Prüter, Jennie Rausch, Stephen Yezerinac, Richard B. Lanctot, Chris J. Hassell, David C. Payer, Lawrence J. Niles, Bruce Casler, Jordi Figuerola, Ron Porter, Martin Sládeček, Megan L. Boldenow, Jonathan T. Coleman, Clive Minton, Brett K. Sandercock, Kari Koivula, Bart Kempenaers, Oscar W. Johnson, Adriaan M. Dokter, András Kosztolányi, Paul F. Woodard, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Jeroen Reneerkens, Joseph A. M. Smith, Olivier Gilg, Erica Nol, Martin Bulla, Libor Praus, Barbara Helm, Alexei A. Dondua, Eunbi Kwon, Theunis Piersma, Rebecca Bentzen, Nicolas Lecomte, Nelli Rönkä, Anne L. Rutten, Phil F. Battley, James J. H. St Clair, Wim Tijsen, Tamás Székely, Michael I. Goldstein, Miroslav Šálek, José A. Alves, Nathan R. Senner, H. River Gates, F M Smith, Jesse R. Conklin, Joe Liebezeit, Hana Vitnerová, Karel Weidinger, Scott Freeman, Ken Gosbell, Veli-Matti Pakanen, Daniel Burgas, Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Computational Geo-Ecology, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, MTA-DE ‘Lendület’ Behavioural Ecology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Apiloa GmbH, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Coastal Ecology Team, Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Division of Migratory Birds - Northeast Region, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Global Flyway Network, Institute of Zoology, Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz), Australasian Wader Studies Group, Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), National Park Service, State Lab for Photon Energetics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Biology Department, Trent University, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Center for Conservation Biology, College of William and Mary [Williamsburg] (WM), Pacifica Ecological Services, Migratory Bird Management, Shorebird Recovery Program, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath [Bath], Centre for Evolutionary Biology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Chair in Global Flyway Ecology - Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Audubon Society of Portland, Queensland Wader Study Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), South Iceland Research Centre, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, LJ Niles Associates, Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, University of Oulu, Institute of Avian Research, Vogelwarte Helgoland, Environmental and Life Sciences, Bilingual Biology Program, York University [Toronto], Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University [Burwood], Canada Research in Northern Biodiversity, Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Canada Research in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Université de Moncton, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, University of Alaska [Southeast] (UAS), Cornell University [New York], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Ecology Group, Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Montana State University (MSU), Wildlife Research Division, Zoological Museum, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Arctic Beringia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Delaware Bay Shorebird Project, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Fieldday Consulting, Milner Centre for Evolution, Servei de Vigilància i Control de Plagues Urbanes, Agència de salut pública de barcelona, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Migratory Bird and Habitat Program, Study supported by the Max Planck Society., Max Planck Society, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ) -Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics ( IBED ), Graz University of Technology [Graz] ( TU Graz ), University of Helsinki [Helsinki], Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), US National Park Service - Alaska Region, College of William & Mary and Virginia Commonwealth University, Charles University in Prague, The University of Western Australia ( UWA ), Université du Québec A Rimouski ( UQAR ), University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences ( GELIFES ), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] ( RUTGERS ), Department of Wetland Ecology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Palacky University, Centre d'Etudes Nordiques ( CEN ), Université Laval, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), University of Alaska Southeast, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Babeș-Bolyai University ( UBB ), Montana State University ( MSU ), Lomonosov Moscow State University ( MSU ), Massey University-Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ), Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI), Piersma group, Palsbøll lab, and Conservation Ecology Group
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, 0106 biological sciences, Periodicity, Time Factors, Zygote, Behavioural ecology, Captivity, Biológiai tudományok, Evolutionary ecology, 01 natural sciences, SEXUAL SELECTION, Nesting Behavior, Predation, Charadriiformes, Természettudományok, Nest, PHYLOGENIES, Incubation, Social evolution, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, ROLES, Ecology, Reproduction, Animal behaviour, Biological Evolution, Circadian Rhythm, INCUBATION PATTERNS, Sexual selection, GEOLOCATOR DATA, Crypsis, Female, CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS, Cues, Photoperiod, Foraging, NEST PREDATION, Zoology, shorebirds, Context (language use), [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Environment, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, CLOCKS, 03 medical and health sciences, Rhythm, Species Specificity, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Sensory cue, 030304 developmental biology, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, BIRDS, Feeding Behavior, EVOLUTION, 030104 developmental biology, Starvation, Predatory Behavior, socially synchronized rhythms, ta1181, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The behavioural rhythms of organisms are thought to be under strong selection, influenced by the rhythmicity of the environment1,2,3,4. Such behavioural rhythms are well studied in isolated individuals under laboratory conditions1,5, but free-living individuals have to temporally synchronize their activities with those of others, including potential mates, competitors, prey and predators6,7,8,9,10. Individuals can temporally segregate their daily activities (for example, prey avoiding predators, subordinates avoiding dominants) or synchronize their activities (for example, group foraging, communal defence, pairs reproducing or caring for offspring)6,7,8,9,11. The behavioural rhythms that emerge from such social synchronization and the underlying evolutionary and ecological drivers that shape them remain poorly understood5,6,7,9. Here we investigate these rhythms in the context of biparental care, a particularly sensitive phase of social synchronization12 where pair members potentially compromise their individual rhythms. Using data from 729 nests of 91 populations of 32 biparentally incubating shorebird species, where parents synchronize to achieve continuous coverage of developing eggs, we report remarkable within- and between-species diversity in incubation rhythms. Between species, the median length of one parent’s incubation bout varied from 1–19 h, whereas period length—the time in which a parent’s probability to incubate cycles once between its highest and lowest value—varied from 6–43 h. The length of incubation bouts was unrelated to variables reflecting energetic demands, but species relying on crypsis (the ability to avoid detection by other animals) had longer incubation bouts than those that are readily visible or who actively protect their nest against predators. Rhythms entrainable to the 24-h light–dark cycle were less prevalent at high latitudes and absent in 18 species. Our results indicate that even under similar environmental conditions and despite 24-h environmental cues, social synchronization can generate far more diverse behavioural rhythms than expected from studies of individuals in captivity5,6,7,9. The risk of predation, not the risk of starvation, may be a key factor underlying the diversity in these rhythms., The study was supported by the Max Planck Society (to B.K.). M.B. is a PhD student in the International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology.
Published: 2016

26. Is it safe to nest near conspicuous neighbours? Spatial patterns in predation risk associated with the density of American Golden-Plover nests

Author: Myriam Trottier-Paquet, Joël Bêty, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Nicolas Lecomte, and Vincent Lamarre
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pluvialis, Shorebirds, lcsh:Medicine, Predation, Community, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 010605 ornithology, Aggressive behaviours, Charadriidae, Arctic, Nest, Nest protection, 14. Life underwater, Territory, biology, Animal Behavior, Ecology, General Neuroscience, Plover, lcsh:R, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Tundra, Spatial ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Predation is one of the main factors explaining nesting mortality in most bird species. Birds can avoid nest predation or reduce predation pressure by breeding at higher latitude, showing anti-predator behaviour, selecting nest sites protected from predators, and nesting in association with protective species. American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) defend their territory by using various warning and distraction behaviours displayed at varying levels of intensity (hereafter “conspicuous behaviour”), as well as more aggressive behaviours such as aerial attacks, but only in some populations. Such antipredator behaviour has the potential to repel predators and thus benefit the neighbouring nests by decreasing their predation risk. Yet, conspicuous behaviour could also attract predators by signalling the presence of a nest. To test for the existence of a protective effect associated with the conspicuous antipredator behaviour of American Golden-Plovers, we studied the influence of proximity to plover nests on predation risk of artificial nests on Igloolik Island (Nunavut, Canada) in July 2014. We predicted that the predation risk of artificial nests would decrease with proximity to and density of plover nests. We monitored 18 plover nests and set 35 artificial nests at 30, 50, 100, 200, and 500 m from seven of those plover nests. We found that the predation risk of artificial nests increases with the density of active plover nests. We also found a significant negative effect of the distance to the nearest active protector nest on predation risk of artificial nests. Understanding how the composition and structure of shorebird communities generate spatial patterns in predation risks represents a key step to better understand the importance of these species of conservation concern in tundra food webs.
Published: 2016

27. Winter severity modulates the benefits of using a habitat temporally uncoupled from browsing

Author: Jean-Pierre Tremblay, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Steeve D. Côté, and Christian Dussault
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Balsam, Herbivore, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, Population, 15. Life on land, Odocoileus, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010601 ecology, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Abundance (ecology), Temperate climate, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Abies balsamea
Abstract: Resources whose abundance is not affected by the density of the consumer population, namely donor-controlled resources, are ubiquitous. Donor-controlled resources can act as food subsidies when they sustain consumer populations at higher densities than what would be predicted without donor-controlled dynamics. Herbivore populations that have access to food subsidies may reach and maintain high densities, with potential major ecological and economic consequences. A better understanding of the roles of food subsidies on temperate herbivores will likely be achieved by simultaneously taking into account other drivers of demographic variations such as winter severity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the use of a donor-controlled food resource that may act as a food subsidy, namely balsam fir (Abies balsamea), and winter severity act together to shape the patterns of overwinter mass loss in a large herbivore population (white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus). We monitored weather conditions, diet, habitat use, and mass loss of female deer during two highly contrasted winters. During an exceptionally milder winter, characterized by shallower snow depth and warmer windchill temperatures, female deer shifted their diet toward resources usually covered by snow during typical winters. Surprisingly, the rate of body mass loss remained similar during the milder and the harsher winter. The rate of body mass loss rather decreased with the use of balsam fir stands during the harsher winter, but increased with that same variable during the milder winter. Our study revealed that deer can alleviate overwinter mass loss by using a donor-controlled habitat type temporally uncoupled from browsing, but that this benefit is climate dependent. This study represents an additional step to address the largely unexplored concept of how temporal uncoupling between resources and consumer dynamics may contribute to sustain consumer populations at higher densities than predicted without considering donor-controlled dynamics.
Published: 2016

28. Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Author: Jonathan T. Coleman, Laura McKinnon, Veli-Matti Pakanen, Megan L. Boldenow, Olivier Gilg, Brett K. Sandercock, Ken Gosbell, Phil F. Battley, Willow B. English, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Andrew Johnson, Nicolas Lecomte, Jennie Rausch, Bruce Casler, Loïc Bollache, Erica Nol, Ron Porter, David B. Lank, Johannes Lang, Nelli Rönkä, Joseph R. Liebezeit, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Benoît Sittler, Joël Bêty, Vanessa Loverti, Emily L. Weiser, Chris J. Hassell, Jean-François Lamarre, Stephen Yezerinac, Jim Helmericks, Kristine M. Sowl, David H. Ward, Rebecca Bentzen, H. River Gates, Mary Anne Bishop, Jesse R. Conklin, Borgny Katrinardottir, David S. Mizrahi, Kari Koivula, José A. Alves, Nathan R. Senner, Clive Minton, Jeroen Reneerkens, Eunbi Kwon, Johanna Perz, Stephen C. Brown, Paul A. Smith, Maureen Christie, Audrey R. Taylor, Richard B. Lanctot, Piersma group, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, South Iceland Research Centre, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Wildlife Conservation Society, Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Prince William Sound Science Center, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Victorian Wader Study Group, Queensland Wader Study Group, Chair in Global Flyway Ecology - Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), ABR, Inc. - Environmental Research and Services, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Université de Moncton, Australasian Wader Studies Group, Global Flyway Network, Helmericks Homestead, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], Ecology Department, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Institute of Animal Ecology and Nature Education, Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Audubon Society of Portland, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Biology, Trent University, Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, York University [Toronto], New Jersey Audubon Society, Delaware Bay Shorebird Project, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Montana, Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Alaska [Anchorage], US Geological Survey [Anchorage], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Massey University-Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Université du Québec A Rimouski ( UQAR ), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques ( CEN ), Université Laval, University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences ( GELIFES ), Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Cornell University, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus]-Arctic Research Centre, University of Alaska Anchorage, and United States Geological Survey [Reston] ( USGS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Population, Breeding success, Bird migration, Zoology, Return rates, shorebirds, Subspecies, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Nest, FLightR, geolocator, GeoLight, FLightR, migration, annual schedules, precision, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Migration, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geolocation tracking, Global location sensor (GLS), Hatching, Ecology, Research, WADERS CHARADRII, Waders, Geologger, Tracking methods, GeoLight, Research impacts, annual schedules, geolocation, Arctic, Animal ecology, geolocator, precision, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, bird migration, shorebird migration
Abstract: Background Geolocators are useful for tracking movements of long-distance migrants, but potential negative effects on birds have not been well studied. We tested for effects of geolocators (0.8–2.0 g total, representing 0.1–3.9 % of mean body mass) on 16 species of migratory shorebirds, including five species with 2–4 subspecies each for a total of 23 study taxa. Study species spanned a range of body sizes (26–1091 g) and eight genera, and were tagged at 23 breeding and eight nonbreeding sites. We compared breeding performance and return rates of birds with geolocators to control groups while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results We detected negative effects of tags for three small-bodied species. Geolocators reduced annual return rates for two of 23 taxa: by 63 % for semipalmated sandpipers and by 43 % for the arcticola subspecies of dunlin. High resighting effort for geolocator birds could have masked additional negative effects. Geolocators were more likely to negatively affect return rates if the total mass of geolocators and color markers was 2.5–5.8 % of body mass than if tags were 0.3–2.3 % of body mass. Carrying a geolocator reduced nest success by 42 % for semipalmated sandpipers and tripled the probability of partial clutch failure in semipalmated and western sandpipers. Geolocators mounted perpendicular to the leg on a flag had stronger negative effects on nest success than geolocators mounted parallel to the leg on a band. However, parallel-band geolocators were more likely to reduce return rates and cause injuries to the leg. No effects of geolocators were found on breeding movements or changes in body mass. Among-site variation in geolocator effect size was high, suggesting that local factors were important. Conclusions Negative effects of geolocators occurred only for three of the smallest species in our dataset, but were substantial when present. Future studies could mitigate impacts of tags by reducing protruding parts and minimizing use of additional markers. Investigators could maximize recovery of tags by strategically deploying geolocators on males, previously marked individuals, and successful breeders, though targeting subsets of a population could bias the resulting migratory movement data in some species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40462-016-0077-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2016

29. Benefiting from a migratory prey: spatio-temporal patterns in allochthonous subsidization of an arctic predator

Author: Guillaume Szor, Joël Bêty, Dominique Berteaux, Nicolas Lecomte, Gilles Gauthier, and Marie-Andrée Giroux
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Vulpes, Ecology, Foraging, Population, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Goose, Arctic, biology.animal, Lagopus, Animal Science and Zoology, Arctic fox, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Anser
Abstract: Summary 1. Flows of nutrients and energy across ecosystem boundaries have the potential to subsidize consumer populations and modify the dynamics of food webs, but how spatio-temporal variations in autochthonous and allochthonous resources affect consumers’ subsidization remains largely unexplored. 2. We studied spatio-temporal patterns in the allochthonous subsidization of a predator living in a relatively simple ecosystem. We worked on Bylot Island (Nunavut, Canada), where arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus L.) feed preferentially on lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus and Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Traill), and alternatively on colonial greater snow geese (Anser caerulescens atlanticus L.). Geese migrate annually from their wintering grounds (where they feed on farmlands and marshes) to the Canadian Arctic, thus generating a strong flow of nutrients and energy across ecosystem boundaries. 3. We examined the influence of spatial variations in availability of geese on the diet of fox cubs (2003–2005) and on fox reproductive output (1996–2005) during different phases of the lemming cycle. 4. Using stable isotope analysis and a simple statistical routine developed to analyse the outputs of a multisource mixing model (SIAR), we showed that the contribution of geese to the diet of arctic fox cubs decreased with distance from the goose colony. 5. The probability that a den was used for reproduction by foxes decreased with distance from the subsidized goose colony and increased with lemming abundance. When lemmings were highly abundant, the effect of distance from the colony disappeared. The goose colony thus generated a spatial patterning of reproduction probability of foxes, while the lemming cycle generated a strong temporal variation of reproduction probability of foxes. 6. This study shows how the input of energy owing to the large-scale migration of prey affects the functional and reproductive responses of an opportunistic consumer, and how this input is spatially and temporally modulated through the foraging behaviour of the consumer. Thus, perspectives of both landscape and foraging ecology are needed to fully resolve the effects of subsidies on animal demographic processes and population dynamics.
Published: 2012

30. Life-history tradeoffs revealed by seasonal declines in reproductive traits of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Author: Samantha E. Franks, Jean-François Lamarre, Brett K. Sandercock, Stephen C. Brown, Paul A. Smith, Richard B. Lanctot, Megan L. Boldenow, Rodney W. Brook, H. River Gates, David B. Lank, Jennie Rausch, Kenneth F. Abraham, Joël Bêty, Diana V. Solovyeva, Martin D. Robards, Sarah T. Saalfeld, H. Grant Gilchrist, David H. Ward, Lisa V. Kennedy, Erica Nol, Scott A. Flemming, Paul F. Woodard, Laura McKinnon, Nicolas Lecomte, Johanna Perz, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Laura Koloski, Willow B. English, Mikhail Soloviev, Nathan R. Senner, Tyrone F. Donnelly, Eunbi Kwon, Emily L. Weiser, Rebecca Bentzen, Andrew Johnson, and Joseph R. Liebezeit
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, Reproductive success, Phenology, Hatching, Zoology, Biology, Seasonality, Annual cycle, medicine.disease, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, Nest, Seasonal breeder, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Seasonal declines in breeding performance are widespread in wild animals, resulting from temporal changes in environmental conditions or from individual variation. Seasonal declines might drive selection for early breeding, with implications for other stages of the annual cycle. Alternatively, selection on the phenology of nonbreeding stages could constrain timing of the breeding season and lead to seasonal changes in reproductive performance. We studied 25 taxa of migratory shorebirds (including five subspecies) at 16 arctic sites in Russia, Alaska, and Canada. We investigated seasonal changes in four reproductive traits, and developed a novel Bayesian risk-partitioning model of daily nest survival to examine seasonal trends in two causes of nest failure. We found strong seasonal declines in reproductive traits for a subset of species. The probability of laying a full four-egg clutch declined by 8–78% in 12 of 25 taxa tested, daily nest survival rates declined by 1–12% in eight of 22 taxa, incubation duration declined by 2.0–2.5% in two of seven taxa, and mean egg volume declined by 5% in one of 15 taxa. Temporal changes were not fully explained by individual variation. Across all species, the proportion of failed nests that were depredated declined over the season from 0.98 to 0.60, while the proportion abandoned increased from 0.01 to 0.35 and drove the seasonal declines in nest survival. An increase in abandonment of late nests is consistent with a life-history tradeoff whereby either adult mortality increased or adults deserted the breeding attempt to maximize adult survival. In turn, seasonal declines in clutch size and incubation duration might be adaptive to hasten hatching of later nests. In other species of shorebirds, we found no seasonal patterns in breeding performance, suggesting that some species are not subject to selective pressure for early breeding. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018

31. Free love in the far north: plural breeding and polyandry of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) on Bylot Island, Nunavut

Author: G. Szor, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Curtis Strobeck, Christopher B. Cameron, Lindsey Carmichael, and Dominique Berteaux
Subjects: education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Population, biology.organism_classification, Population isolation, Arctic, Habitat, Lagopus, Animal Science and Zoology, Genetic variability, education, Polygyny, geographic locations, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plural
Abstract: Molecular studies show that canid breeding systems are more complex than field data have sometimes suggested. For example, microsatellite DNA fingerprints of offspring and adults within their social group indicate that many canid species thought to form monogamous pairs engage in polygyny, polyandry, and plural breeding. In many areas, arctic foxes ( Alopex lagopus (L., 1758)) are considered monogamous, with the complexity of their social systems increasing as population isolation increases. We combined a genetic approach with spatial data of arctic foxes on Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada, to investigate breeding patterns in a population less isolated than many previously studied. As in previous field studies, single breeding pairs were most common, but one case of plural breeding and one case of polyandry with multiple paternity were also observed. Reproductive output in arctic foxes is closely tied to the productivity of their habitat in a given year; we support the hypothesis that abundant resources at our study site have also contributed to complex breeding patterns among resident foxes. We also suggest that increased genetic variation among offspring of multiply mated females may provide an additional adaptive advantage to species in uncertain environments.
Published: 2007

32. Consumption of Buglossoides arvensis seed oil is safe and increases tissue long-chain n-3 fatty acid content more than flax seed oil - results of a phase I randomised clinical trial

Author: Natalie Lefort, Rémi LeBlanc, Marie-Andrée Giroux, and Marc E. Surette
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Eicosatetraenoic acid, Blood lipids, Urine, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, ETA, eicosatetraenoic acid, PMN, polymorphonuclear cells, SDA, stearidonic acid, DGLA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, Food science, Leucocytes, GLA, γ-linolenic acid, ALA, α-linolenic acid, DPA, docosapentaenoic acid, FAME, fatty acid methyl esters, chemistry.chemical_classification, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, AR, adverse reaction, Fatty acid, EPA, HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution, 3. Good health, chemistry, Biochemistry, Stearidonic acid, Docosapentaenoic acid, AE, adverse event, Food Science, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Research Article
Abstract: Enrichment of tissues with ≥20-carbon n-3 PUFA like EPA is associated with positive cardiovascular outcomes. Stearidonic acid (SDA; 18 : 4n-3) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18 : 3n-3) are plant-derived dietary n-3 PUFA; however, direct comparisons of their impact on tissue n-3 PUFA content are lacking. Ahiflower® oil extracted from Buglossoides arvensis seeds is the richest known non-genetically modified source of dietary SDA. To investigate the safety and efficacy of dietary Ahiflower oil, a parallel-group, randomised, double-blind, comparator-controlled phase I clinical trial was performed. Diets of healthy subjects (n 40) were supplemented for 28 d with 9·1 g/d of Ahiflower (46 % ALA, 20 % SDA) or flax seed oil (59 % ALA). Blood and urine chemistries, blood lipid profiles, hepatic and renal function tests and haematology were measured as safety parameters. The fatty acid composition of fasting plasma, erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear cells were measured at baseline and after 14 and 28 d of supplementation. No clinically significant changes in safety parameters were measured in either group. Tissue ALA and EPA content increased in both groups compared with baseline, but EPA accrual in plasma and in all cell types was greater in the Ahiflower group (time × treatment interactions, P ≤ 0·01). Plasma and mononuclear cell eicosatetraenoic acid (20 : 4n-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-3) content also increased significantly in the Ahiflower group compared with the flax group. In conclusion, the consumption of Ahiflower oil is safe and is more effective for the enrichment of tissues with 20- and 22-carbon n-3 PUFA than flax seed oil.
Published: 2015

33. Sexing a sex-role-reversed species based on plumage: potential challenges in the red phalarope

Author: Nicolas Lecomte, Luc J. Martin, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Richard B. Lanctot, and Delphine Ditlecadet
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Charadriiformes, Secondary sexual traits, Population, Shorebirds, lcsh:Medicine, Zoology, Sexing, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Phalarope, education, Phalaropus fulicarius, Phenotypic plasticity, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Dichromatism, biology, General Neuroscience, lcsh:R, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Plumage, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Paternal care, Sexual dichromatism
Abstract: Sex-role reversal, in which males care for offspring, can occur when mate competition is stronger between females than males. Secondary sex traits and mate attracting displays in sex-role-reversed species are usually more pronounced in females than in males. The red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius) is a textbook example of a sex-role-reversed species. It is generally agreed that males are responsible for all incubation and parental care duties, whereas females typically desert males after having completed a clutch and may pair with new males to lay additional clutches. The breeding plumage of female red phalaropes is usually more brightly colored than male plumage, a reversed sexual dichromatism usually associated with sex-role reversal. Here, we confirm with PCR-based sexing that male red phalaropes can exhibit both the red body plumage typical of a female and the incubation behavior typical of a male. Our result, combined with previous observations of brightly colored red phalaropes incubating nests at the same arctic location (Igloolik Island, Nunavut, Canada), suggests that plumage dichromatism alone may not be sufficient to distinguish males from females in this breeding population of red phalaropes. This stresses the need for more systematic genetic sexing combined with standardized description of intersexual differences in red phalarope plumages. Determining whether such female-like plumage on males is a result of phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation could contribute to further understanding sex-role reversal strategies in the short Arctic summer.
Published: 2016

34. A new way of assessing foraging behaviour at the individual level using faeces marking and satellite telemetry

Author: Christian Dussault, Jean-Pierre Tremblay, Steeve D. Côté, Marie-Andrée Giroux, and Nicolas Lecomte
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Population, Foraging, Population Dynamics, lcsh:Medicine, Odocoileus, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Feces, Behavioral Ecology, Behavioral ecology, Animals, Telemetry, Spatial and Landscape Ecology, Terrestrial Ecology, education, Temporal scales, lcsh:Science, Biology, Ecosystem, Herbivore, education.field_of_study, Appetitive Behavior, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Population Biology, Animal Behavior, Deer, lcsh:R, Sampling (statistics), Feeding Behavior, 15. Life on land, Population ecology, biology.organism_classification, Satellite Communications, Trophic Interactions, 010601 ecology, Mammalogy, Community Ecology, Geographic Information Systems, lcsh:Q, Female, Seasons, Population Ecology, Zoology, Research Article
Abstract: Heterogeneity in foraging behaviour can profoundly influence ecological processes shaping populations. To scale-up from individual foraging behaviour to processes occurring at the population scale, one needs to sample foraging behaviour at the individual level, and over large temporal scales or during critical seasons known to influence life-history traits. We developed an innovative technique to monitor foraging behaviour at the individual level in secretive species, a technique that can be ultimately used to investigate the links between foraging behaviour and life-history traits. First, the technique used a novel approach, namely the combination of telemetry tracking and biomarking of faeces with food dyes to locate fresh signs of presence left by individuals equipped with GPS collars. Second, the technique is based on the simultaneous or successive sampling of life-history traits and individual foraging behaviour, using tracks with high probabilities of recovery of dyed faeces. We first describe our methodological approach, using a case study of a large herbivore, and then provide recommendations and guidelines for its use. Sampling single snow tracks of individuals equipped with a GPS collar was a reliable way to assess individual winter foraging behaviour in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) population. During that period, the probability of recovery of dyed faeces within the range of the collar precision was very high for single snow tracks of equipped deer (97%). Our approach is well suited to study individual foraging behaviour, and could ultimately be used to investigate the interplay between intra-population heterogeneity in foraging behaviour, life-history traits, and demographic processes.
Published: 2012

35. Benefiting from a migratory prey: spatio-temporal patterns in allochthonous subsidization of an Arctic predator

Author: Marie-Andrée, Giroux, Dominique, Berteaux, Nicolas, Lecomte, Gilles, Gauthier, Guillaume, Szor, and Joël, Bêty
Subjects: Canada, Food Chain, Time Factors, Arctic Regions, Arvicolinae, Anseriformes, Predatory Behavior, Reproduction, Population Dynamics, Animals, Foxes, Animal Migration
Abstract: 1. Flows of nutrients and energy across ecosystem boundaries have the potential to subsidize consumer populations and modify the dynamics of food webs, but how spatio-temporal variations in autochthonous and allochthonous resources affect consumers' subsidization remains largely unexplored. 2. We studied spatio-temporal patterns in the allochthonous subsidization of a predator living in a relatively simple ecosystem. We worked on Bylot Island (Nunavut, Canada), where arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus L.) feed preferentially on lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus and Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Traill), and alternatively on colonial greater snow geese (Anser caerulescens atlanticus L.). Geese migrate annually from their wintering grounds (where they feed on farmlands and marshes) to the Canadian Arctic, thus generating a strong flow of nutrients and energy across ecosystem boundaries. 3. We examined the influence of spatial variations in availability of geese on the diet of fox cubs (2003-2005) and on fox reproductive output (1996-2005) during different phases of the lemming cycle. 4. Using stable isotope analysis and a simple statistical routine developed to analyse the outputs of a multisource mixing model (SIAR), we showed that the contribution of geese to the diet of arctic fox cubs decreased with distance from the goose colony. 5. The probability that a den was used for reproduction by foxes decreased with distance from the subsidized goose colony and increased with lemming abundance. When lemmings were highly abundant, the effect of distance from the colony disappeared. The goose colony thus generated a spatial patterning of reproduction probability of foxes, while the lemming cycle generated a strong temporal variation of reproduction probability of foxes. 6. This study shows how the input of energy owing to the large-scale migration of prey affects the functional and reproductive responses of an opportunistic consumer, and how this input is spatially and temporally modulated through the foraging behaviour of the consumer. Thus, perspectives of both landscape and foraging ecology are needed to fully resolve the effects of subsidies on animal demographic processes and population dynamics.
Published: 2012

36. Isotopic Differences between Forage Consumed by a Large Herbivore in Open, Closed, and Coastal Habitats: New Evidence from a Boreal Study System

Author: Jean-Pierre Tremblay, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Steeve D. Côté, and Eliane Valiquette
Subjects: Canada, Foraging, lcsh:Medicine, Forage, Biology, Supralittoral zone, Cornus, Littoral zone, Animals, Ecosystem, Herbivory, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, Isotope analysis, Carbon Isotopes, Herbivore, Multidisciplinary, Nitrogen Isotopes, δ13C, Ecology, lcsh:R, 15. Life on land, Seaweed, 13. Climate action, Isotope Labeling, lcsh:Q, Conyza, Research Article
Abstract: Documenting habitat-related patterns in foraging behaviour at the individual level and over large temporal scales remains challenging for large herbivores. Stable isotope analysis could represent a valuable tool to quantify habitat-related foraging behaviour at the scale of individuals and over large temporal scales in forest dwelling large herbivores living in coastal environments, because the carbon (δ13C) or nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic signatures of forage can differ between open and closed habitats or between terrestrial and littoral forage, respectively. Here, we examined if we could detect isotopic differences between the different assemblages of forage taxa consumed by white-tailed deer that can be found in open, closed, supralittoral, and littoral habitats. We showed that δ13C of assemblages of forage taxa were 3.0 ‰ lower in closed than in open habitats, while δ15N were 2.0 ‰ and 7.4 ‰ higher in supralittoral and littoral habitats, respectively, than in terrestrial habitats. Stable isotope analysis may represent an additional technique for ecologists interested in quantifiying the consumption of terrestrial vs. marine autotrophs. Yet, given the relative isotopic proximity and the overlap between forage from open, closed, and supralittoral habitats, the next step would be to determine the potential to estimate their contribution to herbivore diet.
Published: 2015

37. New avian breeding records for Igloolik Island, Nunavut

Author: Nicolas Lecomte and Marie-Andrée Giroux
Subjects: food.ingredient, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Sandpiper, Ecology, Range (biology), biology.organism_classification, Tundra, Calidris, Goose, Geography, food, Arctic, biology.animal, Archipelago, Branta hutchinsii, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: New breeding records for three tundra nesting species were documented on the Arctic island of Igloolik (Nunavut, Canada). The species are the Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii), the Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus), and the Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos). These records refine their breeding range in the Canadian Arctic archipelago, while highlighting changes in detected bird communities at specific locations through time.
Published: 2015

38. Additional file 1: of Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Author: Weiser, Emily, Lanctot, Richard, Brown, Stephen, Alves, José, Battley, Phil, Bentzen, Rebecca, Bêty, Joël, Bishop, Mary, Boldenow, Megan, Bollache, Loïc, Casler, Bruce, Christie, Maureen, Coleman, Jonathan, Conklin, Jesse, English, Willow, H. Gates, Gilg, Olivier, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Gosbell, Ken, Hassell, Chris, Helmericks, Jim, Johnson, Andrew, Borgný Katrínardóttir, Koivula, Kari, Eunbi Kwon, Jean-Francois Lamarre, Lang, Johannes, Lank, David, Lecomte, Nicolas, Liebezeit, Joe, Loverti, Vanessa, McKinnon, Laura, Minton, Clive, Mizrahi, David, Nol, Erica, Veli-Matti Pakanen, Perz, Johanna, Porter, Ron, Rausch, Jennie, Reneerkens, Jeroen, Rönkä, Nelli, Saalfeld, Sarah, Senner, Nathan, Sittler, Benoît, Smith, Paul, Sowl, Kristine, Taylor, Audrey, Ward, David, Yezerinac, Stephen, and Sandercock, Brett
Subjects: ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, 14. Life underwater
Abstract: Supplementary methods, Tables and Figures provides further details on field methods, data, and results that support the main text. (PDF 637 kb)

39. Additional file 1: of Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Author: Weiser, Emily, Lanctot, Richard, Brown, Stephen, Alves, José, Battley, Phil, Bentzen, Rebecca, Bêty, Joël, Bishop, Mary, Boldenow, Megan, Bollache, Loïc, Casler, Bruce, Christie, Maureen, Coleman, Jonathan, Conklin, Jesse, English, Willow, H. Gates, Gilg, Olivier, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Gosbell, Ken, Hassell, Chris, Helmericks, Jim, Johnson, Andrew, Borgný Katrínardóttir, Koivula, Kari, Eunbi Kwon, Jean-Francois Lamarre, Lang, Johannes, Lank, David, Lecomte, Nicolas, Liebezeit, Joe, Loverti, Vanessa, McKinnon, Laura, Minton, Clive, Mizrahi, David, Nol, Erica, Veli-Matti Pakanen, Perz, Johanna, Porter, Ron, Rausch, Jennie, Reneerkens, Jeroen, Rönkä, Nelli, Saalfeld, Sarah, Senner, Nathan, Sittler, Benoît, Smith, Paul, Sowl, Kristine, Taylor, Audrey, Ward, David, Yezerinac, Stephen, and Sandercock, Brett
Subjects: ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, 14. Life underwater
Abstract: Supplementary methods, Tables and Figures provides further details on field methods, data, and results that support the main text. (PDF 637 kb)

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