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1. Monitoring of carbon-water fluxes at Eurasian meteorological stations using random forest and remote sensing

Author

Mingjuan Xie, Xiaofei Ma, Yuangang Wang, Chaofan Li, Haiyang Shi, Xiuliang Yuan, Olaf Hellwich, Chunbo Chen, Wenqiang Zhang, Chen Zhang, Qing Ling, Ruixiang Gao, Yu Zhang, Friday Uchenna Ochege, Amaury Frankl, Philippe De Maeyer, Nina Buchmann, Iris Feigenwinter, Jørgen E. Olesen, Radoslaw Juszczak, Adrien Jacotot, Aino Korrensalo, Andrea Pitacco, Andrej Varlagin, Ankit Shekhar, Annalea Lohila, Arnaud Carrara, Aurore Brut, Bart Kruijt, Benjamin Loubet, Bernard Heinesch, Bogdan Chojnicki, Carole Helfter, Caroline Vincke, Changliang Shao, Christian Bernhofer, Christian Brümmer, Christian Wille, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Eiko Nemitz, Franco Meggio, Gang Dong, Gary Lanigan, Georg Niedrist, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guoyi Zhou, Ignacio Goded, Thomas Gruenwald, Janusz Olejnik, Joachim Jansen, Johan Neirynck, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Junhui Zhang, Katja Klumpp, Kim Pilegaard, Ladislav Šigut, Leif Klemedtsson, Luca Tezza, Lukas Hörtnagl, Marek Urbaniak, Marilyn Roland, Marius Schmidt, Mark A. Sutton, Markus Hehn, Matthew Saunders, Matthias Mauder, Mika Aurela, Mika Korkiakoski, Mingyuan Du, Nadia Vendrame, Natalia Kowalska, Paul G. Leahy, Pavel Alekseychik, Peili Shi, Per Weslien, Shiping Chen, Silvano Fares, Thomas Friborg, Tiphaine Tallec, Tomomichi Kato, Torsten Sachs, Trofim Maximov, Umberto Morra di Cella, Uta Moderow, Yingnian Li, Yongtao He, Yoshiko Kosugi, and Geping Luo

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Simulating the carbon-water fluxes at more widely distributed meteorological stations based on the sparsely and unevenly distributed eddy covariance flux stations is needed to accurately understand the carbon-water cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. We established a new framework consisting of machine learning, determination coefficient (R2), Euclidean distance, and remote sensing (RS), to simulate the daily net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) and water flux (WF) of the Eurasian meteorological stations using a random forest model or/and RS. The daily NEE and WF datasets with RS-based information (NEE-RS and WF-RS) for 3774 and 4427 meteorological stations during 2002–2020 were produced, respectively. And the daily NEE and WF datasets without RS-based information (NEE-WRS and WF-WRS) for 4667 and 6763 meteorological stations during 1983–2018 were generated, respectively. For each meteorological station, the carbon-water fluxes meet accuracy requirements and have quasi-observational properties. These four carbon-water flux datasets have great potential to improve the assessments of the ecosystem carbon-water dynamics.

Published
2023
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2. Author Correction: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author

Gilberto Pastorello, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, Housen Chu, Danielle Christianson, You-Wei Cheah, Cristina Poindexter, Jiquan Chen, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, Marty Humphrey, Peter Isaac, Diego Polidori, Markus Reichstein, Alessio Ribeca, Catharine van Ingen, Nicolas Vuichard, Leiming Zhang, Brian Amiro, Christof Ammann, M. Altaf Arain, Jonas Ardö, Timothy Arkebauer, Stefan K. Arndt, Nicola Arriga, Marc Aubinet, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Alan Barr, Eric Beamesderfer, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Onil Bergeron, Jason Beringer, Christian Bernhofer, Daniel Berveiller, Dave Billesbach, Thomas Andrew Black, Peter D. Blanken, Gil Bohrer, Julia Boike, Paul V. Bolstad, Damien Bonal, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, David R. Bowling, Rosvel Bracho, Jason Brodeur, Christian Brümmer, Nina Buchmann, Benoit Burban, Sean P. Burns, Pauline Buysse, Peter Cale, Mauro Cavagna, Pierre Cellier, Shiping Chen, Isaac Chini, Torben R. Christensen, James Cleverly, Alessio Collalti, Claudia Consalvo, Bruce D. Cook, David Cook, Carole Coursolle, Edoardo Cremonese, Peter S. Curtis, Ettore D’Andrea, Humberto da Rocha, Xiaoqin Dai, Kenneth J. Davis, Bruno De Cinti, Agnes de Grandcourt, Anne De Ligne, Raimundo C. De Oliveira, Nicolas Delpierre, Ankur R. Desai, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Paul di Tommasi, Han Dolman, Francisco Domingo, Gang Dong, Sabina Dore, Pierpaolo Duce, Eric Dufrêne, Allison Dunn, Jiří Dušek, Derek Eamus, Uwe Eichelmann, Hatim Abdalla M. ElKhidir, Werner Eugster, Cacilia M. Ewenz, Brent Ewers, Daniela Famulari, Silvano Fares, Iris Feigenwinter, Andrew Feitz, Rasmus Fensholt, Gianluca Filippa, Marc Fischer, John Frank, Marta Galvagno, Mana Gharun, Damiano Gianelle, Bert Gielen, Beniamino Gioli, Anatoly Gitelson, Ignacio Goded, Mathias Goeckede, Allen H. Goldstein, Christopher M. Gough, Michael L. Goulden, Alexander Graf, Anne Griebel, Carsten Gruening, Thomas Grünwald, Albin Hammerle, Shijie Han, Xingguo Han, Birger Ulf Hansen, Chad Hanson, Juha Hatakka, Yongtao He, Markus Hehn, Bernard Heinesch, Nina Hinko-Najera, Lukas Hörtnagl, Lindsay Hutley, Andreas Ibrom, Hiroki Ikawa, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Dalibor Janouš, Wilma Jans, Rachhpal Jassal, Shicheng Jiang, Tomomichi Kato, Myroslava Khomik, Janina Klatt, Alexander Knohl, Sara Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Georgia Koerber, Olaf Kolle, Yoshiko Kosugi, Ayumi Kotani, Andrew Kowalski, Bart Kruijt, Julia Kurbatova, Werner L. Kutsch, Hyojung Kwon, Samuli Launiainen, Tuomas Laurila, Bev Law, Ray Leuning, Yingnian Li, Michael Liddell, Jean-Marc Limousin, Marryanna Lion, Adam J. Liska, Annalea Lohila, Ana López-Ballesteros, Efrén López-Blanco, Benjamin Loubet, Denis Loustau, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Johannes Lüers, Siyan Ma, Craig Macfarlane, Vincenzo Magliulo, Regine Maier, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, Barbara Marcolla, Hank A. Margolis, Serena Marras, William Massman, Mikhail Mastepanov, Roser Matamala, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Francesco Mazzenga, Harry McCaughey, Ian McHugh, Andrew M. S. McMillan, Lutz Merbold, Wayne Meyer, Tilden Meyers, Scott D. Miller, Stefano Minerbi, Uta Moderow, Russell K. Monson, Leonardo Montagnani, Caitlin E. Moore, Eddy Moors, Virginie Moreaux, Christine Moureaux, J. William Munger, Taro Nakai, Johan Neirynck, Zoran Nesic, Giacomo Nicolini, Asko Noormets, Matthew Northwood, Marcelo Nosetto, Yann Nouvellon, Kimberly Novick, Walter Oechel, Jørgen Eivind Olesen, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Shirley A. Papuga, Frans-Jan Parmentier, Eugenie Paul-Limoges, Marian Pavelka, Matthias Peichl, Elise Pendall, Richard P. Phillips, Kim Pilegaard, Norbert Pirk, Gabriela Posse, Thomas Powell, Heiko Prasse, Suzanne M. Prober, Serge Rambal, Üllar Rannik, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Corinna Rebmann, David Reed, Victor Resco de Dios, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Borja R. Reverter, Marilyn Roland, Simone Sabbatini, Torsten Sachs, Scott R. Saleska, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Zulia M. Sanchez-Mejia, Hans Peter Schmid, Marius Schmidt, Karl Schneider, Frederik Schrader, Ivan Schroder, Russell L. Scott, Pavel Sedlák, Penélope Serrano-Ortíz, Changliang Shao, Peili Shi, Ivan Shironya, Lukas Siebicke, Ladislav Šigut, Richard Silberstein, Costantino Sirca, Donatella Spano, Rainer Steinbrecher, Robert M. Stevens, Cove Sturtevant, Andy Suyker, Torbern Tagesson, Satoru Takanashi, Yanhong Tang, Nigel Tapper, Jonathan Thom, Michele Tomassucci, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Shawn Urbanski, Riccardo Valentini, Michiel van der Molen, Eva van Gorsel, Ko van Huissteden, Andrej Varlagin, Joseph Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Domenico Vitale, Natalia Vygodskaya, Jeffrey P. Walker, Elizabeth Walter-Shea, Huimin Wang, Robin Weber, Sebastian Westermann, Christian Wille, Steven Wofsy, Georg Wohlfahrt, Sebastian Wolf, William Woodgate, Yuelin Li, Roberto Zampedri, Junhui Zhang, Guoyi Zhou, Donatella Zona, Deb Agarwal, Sebastien Biraud, Margaret Torn, and Dario Papale

Subjects
Science
Abstract

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00851-9.

Published
2021
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3. Validation of Space-Based Albedo Products from Upscaled Tower-Based Measurements Over Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Landscapes

Author

Rui Song, Jan-Peter Muller, Said Kharbouche, Feng Yin, William Woodgate, Mark Kitchen, Marilyn Roland, Nicola Arriga, Wayne Meyer, Georgia Koerber, Damien Bonal, Benoit Burban, Alexander Knohl, Lukas Siebicke, Pauline Buysse, Benjamin Loubet, Montagnani Leonardo, Christophe Lerebourg, and Nadine Gobron

Subjects
surface albedo, directional hemispherical reflectance, bi-hemispherical reflectance, upscaling, cgls, probav, vegetation, modis, misr, Science
Abstract

Surface albedo is a fundamental radiative parameter as it controls the Earth’s energy budget and directly affects the Earth’s climate. Satellite observations have long been used to capture the temporal and spatial variations of surface albedo because of their continuous global coverage. However, space-based albedo products are often affected by errors in the atmospheric correction, multi-angular bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) modelling, as well as spectral conversions. To validate space-based albedo products, an in situ tower albedometer is often used to provide continuous “ground truth” measurements of surface albedo over an extended area. Since space-based albedo and tower-measured albedo are produced at different spatial scales, they can be directly compared only for specific homogeneous land surfaces. However, most land surfaces are inherently heterogeneous with surface properties that vary over a wide range of spatial scales. In this work, tower-measured albedo products, including both directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR) and bi-hemispherical reflectance (BHR), are upscaled to coarse satellite spatial resolutions using a new method. This strategy uses high-resolution satellite derived surface albedos to fill the gaps between the albedometer’s field-of-view (FoV) and coarse satellite scales. The high-resolution surface albedo is generated from a combination of surface reflectance retrieved from high-resolution Earth Observation (HR-EO) data and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF climatology over a larger area. We implemented a recently developed atmospheric correction method, the Sensor Invariant Atmospheric Correction (SIAC), to retrieve surface reflectance from HR-EO (e.g., Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance measurements. This SIAC processing provides an estimated uncertainty for the retrieved surface spectral reflectance at the HR-EO pixel level and shows excellent agreement with the standard Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC) in retrieving Landsat-8 surface reflectance. Atmospheric correction of Sentinel-2 data is vastly improved by SIAC when compared against the use of in situ AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data. Based on this, we can trace the uncertainty of tower-measured albedo during its propagation through high-resolution EO measurements up to coarse satellite scales. These upscaled albedo products can then be compared with space-based albedo products over heterogeneous land surfaces. In this study, both tower-measured albedo and upscaled albedo products are examined at Ground Based Observation for Validation (GbOV) stations (https://land.copernicus.eu/global/gbov/), and used to compare with satellite observations, including Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) based on ProbaV and VEGETATION 2 data, MODIS and multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR).

Published
2020
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5. Field Spectroscopy versus GPP. A test case using JB Devices at flux sites

Author

Tommaso Julitta, Andreas Burkart, Roberto Colombo, Edoardo Cremonese, Alexander Damm, Olivia Dondina, Tarek El-Madany, Frank Griessbaum, Bill Miller, George Burba, Fanny Kittler, Mirco Migliavacca, Uwe Rascher, Marilyn Roland, Micol Rossini, Christian Brümmer, Dirk Schuettemeyer, Jan Segers, Georg Wohlfahrt, and Dario Papale

Abstract

Field spectroscopy is a powerful tool for understanding plant carbon uptake and for providing a link between local flux measurements and global satellite remote sensing. In fact, optical remote sensing techniques can capture valuable information on both phenology and physiology. Even if the concept is of interest for the scientific community, the integration of field spectroscopy techniques in flux networks is still challenging and largely unresolved. Further, mainly due to the lack of available instruments, obtained relationships between remote sensing measurements and gross primary productivity (GPP) are often site specific and so far poorly exploited.JB devices (FloX and RoX) are field spectrometer systems acquiring in situ radiometric measurements with standardized routines. They have been installed over the last five years across several ecosystems (e.g. croplands, forests, grasslands), often at eddy covariance stations. Recently, an effort was made to standardize the data processing and to align it to flux networks. The development of an open source processing chain was made and the definition of all the metadata needed to correctly interpret the measurements, including devices specification and setup, is ongoing.With this contribution, we aim to advance understanding on the relationship between optical proximal sensing information and GPP using a selection of eight diverse sites equipped with JB devices and belonging to flux networks (ICOS or FLUXNET). Selected sites represent different vegetation types, including broadleaf forest, needle leaf forests, croplands, and grasslands. The time series length varies from one season to 4 years, depending on the time the instrument was installed. From the hyperspectral data, a subset of vegetation indices (e.g. indices related to biomass, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and sun induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF, NIRv), and was computed where available (i.e. only on six of the equipped FloX sites). The data output was qualitatively checked and aggregated to the same temporal resolution as for the flux data (30 mins). Several models were tested to investigate this relationship, exploited both on half-hourly interval and on daily aggregation. Overall, good results were found. In general, SIF and NIRv were found to be the best predictor for GPP at half-hourly scales (r2 =0.75 over croplands and broadleaf forests). When the analysis was computed on daily aggregation, the indices related to chlorophyll content showed the best agreement with GPP. Significant differences were found according to vegetation types, where needle leaf forests were giving the poorest results. Our analysis demonstrates the valuable information carried by field spectroscopy data in the context of understanding GPP dynamics, supporting the hypothesis that the link between optical sensing and fluxes can be better interpreted with a growing number of field spectrometer data available at flux sites.

Published
2023
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6. Heterotrophic and rhizospheric respiration in coniferous forest soils along a latitudinal gradient

Author

Mari Mäki, Kira Ryhti, Istem Fer, Boris Ťupek, Patrik Vestin, Marilyn Roland, Irene Lehner, Egle Köster, Aleksi Lehtonen, Jaana Bäck, Jussi Heinonsalo, Jukka Pumpanen, Liisa Kulmala, Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Forest Ecology and Management, Department of Microbiology, Jussi Heinonsalo / Principal Investigator, Forest Soil Science and Biogeochemistry, and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR community)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Land-surface modelling, Trenching, BOREAL FORESTS, Chamber measurements, Biology, WATER-CONTENT, 4112 Forestry, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, CO2 EFFLUX, MICROBIAL ACTIVITY, FINE-ROOT BIOMASS, Physics, Forest soil, NORWAY SPRUCE, GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION, Forestry, Carbon cycle, Soil respiration, SEASONAL-VARIATIONS, Soil carbon, CARBON BALANCE, Chemistry, Scots pine, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Northern forest soils are a major carbon (C) reservoir of global importance. To estimate how the C balance in these soils will change, the roles of tree roots and soil microbes in C balance should first be decoupled. This study determined how the activity of heterotrophs and tree roots together with root-associated microbes in the rhizosphere varies in coniferous forest soils in boreal, hemiboreal, and temperate climates along a latitudinal gradient using a trenching approach. We created experimental plots without living tree roots, measured soil respiration (CO2 efflux) from these and from unmanipulated plots using the chamber technique, and partitioned the efflux into root-rhizosphere (RR) and heterotrophic (RH) respiration. The share of RR in ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) decreased from north to south in the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests, with the exception of a mixed site, where the share of RR in GPP varied strongly between the years. RR per ground area and per root biomass were mainly independent of climate within the gradient. RH per ground area increased from north to south with temperature, while RH per soil C did not change with temperature. Soil moisture did not significantly affect the respiration components in the northernmost site, whereas soil moisture was positively connected with RH and negatively with RR in other Scots pine sites and positively connected with RR in pure Norway spruce stands. The dynamic ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS was able to capture the seasonal dynamics of RH and RR at the sites, but overall accuracy varied markedly between the sites, as the model underestimated RH in the southern site and RR elsewhere. Our study provides knowledge about the nature of soil respiration components. The valuable insights can be used in more accurate land-ecosystem modelling of forest ecosystems.

Published
2022

7. Two types of installation of 3D-printed zero tension lysimeter for soil leaching and water bucket model validation

Author

Ariza‐Carricondo Cristina, Eric Struyf, Marilyn Roland, Bert Gielen, Caroline Vincke, Ivan A. Janssens, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
sampler design, water balance, flux validation, dissolved compounds tracing, Soil Science, Soil drainage, Biology
Abstract

Quantifying and analysing leaching water is essential to understand water and nutrient cycles and the vertical transport of elements through soils. Zero tension lysimeters (ZTLs) have been widely used to capture the soil solution leaching by gravity. This study designed and evaluated a 3D-printed ZTL (ZTL(3D)) with specific characteristics and materials to quantitatively capture dissolved element fluxes. By 3D-printing the ZTLs, we were able to include specific 3D structures and precise details in the design allowing installation of samplers from the surface rather than trenches, and thus avoiding the need for installation trenches to remain open. The ZTLs(3D) connect directly with the surface, do not depend on secondary collectors, can be installed at any depth, and samplers are easily retractable when dismantling the field set up. The material used, Nylon 12, was tested for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release. The ZTL(3D) design was printed in two different external shapes while characteristics and internal design were identical. The difference in external shape was to study the effects of two contrasting types of installation: a cylindrical sampler for vertical installation (by soil coring from the surface) and a rectangular samplers for horizontal installation (from a pit or a trench wall). We installed them at different depths (2, 30 and 75 cm) in a forest soil and conducted rainfall simulation experiments. A water bucket model (WBM), created to calculate the water drainage fluxes that the ZTLs(3D) should collect, reproduced very well the variation in soil water content measured by soil moisture sensors installed adjacent to the ZTLs(3D) at 16, 30, 50 and 75 cm depth. Drainage fluxes simulated by the WBM showed that the vertical installation performed better at collecting water at all depths than the horizontal installation, but overall the ZTLs(3D) failed to collect the simulated amounts of drainage water. Nonetheless, the ZTLs(3D) did collect leachate water, enabling their chemical analysis. Combining the concentrations in the water collected by the ZTLs(3D) with the modelled drainage fluxes does allow estimation of DOC- and elemental leaching rates. This article presents the novel design of these two types of ZTLs(3D) because future improvements may result in better performance, and discusses their (dis)agreement with the modelled WBM fluxes. Highlights New 3D-printed zero tension lysimeters (ZTLs) to capture element fluxes when installed vertically (cylindrical design) or horizontally (cubic design) were tested. Two external sampler shapes were created to optimise the installation process and both collected drainage water successfully. Vertical installation ZTLs worked better than horizontal types, but neither well-reflected drainage fluxes simulated by water bucket model (WBM). Combined with WBM, both ZTL types provided a reliable method for quantifying nutrient and organic carbon leaching at different soil depths.

Published
2022

8. Soil water depletion induces discrepancies between in situ measured vegetation indices and photosynthesis in a temperate heathland

Author

Maral Maleki, Nicola Arriga, Marilyn Roland, Sebastian Wieneke, José Miguel Barrios, Roel Van Hoolst, Josep Peñuelas, Ivan A. Janssens, and Manuela Balzarolo

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Chemistry, Physics, Forestry, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biology
Abstract

Vegetation indices (VIs) derived from optical sensors have been used as proxies for monitoring gross primary productivity (GPP). In contrast to satellite-based VIs, whose temporal resolution is typically limited, especially in cloudy areas, in situ derived VIs may have higher temporal resolution. This fine temporal frequency implies much larger sample sizes to test the performance of VIs by comparing with eddy covariance-based in situ GPP estimates. Here, we tested the potential of in situ measured VIs to estimate GPP in a temperate heathland ecosystem. We compared half-hourly GPP values derived from an eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements with several greenness-, structure-and chlorophyll-sensitive VIs (e.g., the Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index [TCI] and the Inverted Red-Edge Chlorophyll Index [IRECI], among others) obtained by multiband sensors mounted at the tower. Results showed that tested VIs differed in their ability to capture the temporal variability of GPP during non -drought condition, and that all VIs failed in describing GPP during an extreme drought event. After integrating a drought indicator (e.g., soil water content, precipitation/potential evapotranspiration ratio or actual/ potential evapotranspiration ratio) in the regression model, the performances of VIs drastically improved. Among all tested indices, IRECI and TCI were the most promising VIs, capturing best the temporal variation in GPP (R-2 = 0.73 and RMSE = 1.85, and R-2 = 0.77, RMSE = 1.69, respectively), provided that drought stress was properly accounted for. Our findings have implications for the development and improvement of global ecological models for drought monitoring based on proximal and remote sensing data. Our results have also a strong impact on our ability to upscale CO2 fluxes using satellite sensors (e.g. Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3) of heathland ecosystem characterized by heather vegetation which is relatively resistant to the structural changes in the canopy and strongly affects the interpretation of the remote sensing signals.

Published
2022

9. The impact of thinning and clear cut on the ecosystem carbon storage of scots pine stands under maritime influence in Flanders, Belgium

Author

Freke Van Van Damme, Hana Mertens, Thilo Heinecke, Lodewijk Lefevre, Tim De De Meulder, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Marilyn Roland, Bert Gielen, Ivan A. Janssens, Kris Verheyen, and Matteo Campioli

Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences, coastal area, forest ecosystem carbon stocks, forest management, Scots pine, pedunculate oak, clear cut, thinning, sandy soil, maritime climate, Forestry, Biology
Abstract

A shift in management to improve the ecological function of mature plantations of exotic species can have important effects on the ecosystem climate mitigation potential. This study investigated the effect of two common forest management strategies for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands on the C storage after 15 years of management. Two pairs of forest stands on poor sandy soil and under the maritime influence in Brasschaat, Belgium, were observed as case studies. The observed forest management strategies were (i) thinning and group planting of oak saplings (Quercus robur L.) and (ii) clear cut, followed by replanting of young oak. For each stand, all forest C pools (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, litter, and mineral soil) were determined. Results showed, surprisingly, no significant difference in the whole ecosystem C stock for both forest management strategies after 15 years of management. However, after the clear cut and the new plantation, the C in the top 30 cm layer of the mineral soil increased, while it decreased on the forest floor. For thinning with group planting, the C stocks reduced within the 10–30 cm soil layer without impact on the total soil C. Therefore, the shift in management did result in a different allocation of the belowground C, particularly after a clear cut. The results are not only relevant for the study region but also for managed Scots pine forests in neighboring regions of the Atlantic zone of Western Europe.

Published
2022

10. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author

Eddy Moors, Uwe Eichelmann, Christian Brümmer, Stefano Minerbi, Barbara Marcolla, Gil Bohrer, Leonardo Montagnani, Üllar Rannik, Han Dolman, Janina Klatt, Samuli Launiainen, Elizabeth A. Walter-Shea, Nina Buchmann, Hank A. Margolis, Beniamino Gioli, Peter S. Curtis, Margaret S. Torn, Gabriela Posse, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Gianluca Filippa, Kenneth J. Davis, Leiming Zhang, Alexander Graf, Ray Leuning, Andrew Feitz, Simone Sabbatini, Harry McCaughey, Werner Eugster, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, Timothy J. Arkebauer, N. N. Vygodskaya, Adam J. Liska, Rosvel Bracho, Sebastian Wolf, Marc Aubinet, Jiří Dušek, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, Christof Ammann, Daniel Berveiller, Zoran Nesic, Giacomo Nicolini, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Russell L. Scott, David E. Reed, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Changliang Shao, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Yingnian Li, Jason Beringer, Marc Fischer, Deb Agarwal, Rasmus Fensholt, Russell K. Monson, Agnès de Grandcourt, Stefan K. Arndt, Timo Vesala, Uta Moderow, Joseph Verfaillie, Mika Aurela, Bev Law, Nina Hinko-Najera, Taro Nakai, Richard P. Phillips, Lindsay B. Hutley, Benjamin Loubet, Michele Tomassucci, Ayumi Kotani, Hans Peter Schmid, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Domenico Vitale, Regine Maier, Caitlin E. Moore, Xiaoqin Dai, Damien Bonal, John M. Frank, Yuelin Li, Christopher M. Gough, Shijie Han, Shirley A. Papuga, Edoardo Cremonese, Shawn Urbanski, Sébastien C. Biraud, Scott D. Miller, Mana Gharun, Annalea Lohila, Ian McHugh, Giovanni Manca, Bert Gielen, Wayne S. Meyer, Pierpaolo Duce, Bruce D. Cook, Carsten Gruening, Hiroki Ikawa, B.R. Reverter, Marian Pavelka, Andrew M. S. McMillan, Gang Dong, Isaac Chini, Kimberly A. Novick, Dalibor Janouš, Anne De Ligne, E. Beamesderfer, Marty Humphrey, Virginie Moreaux, Christian Wille, Markus Hehn, Hideki Kobayashi, Allen H. Goldstein, Walter C. Oechel, Richard Silberstein, Francisco Domingo, Francesco Mazzenga, Elise Pendall, Juha Hatakka, Lutz Merbold, Xingguo Han, Daniela Famulari, Carlo Trotta, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Dario Papale, Jean Marc Ourcival, Benoit Burban, Pavel Sedlák, Diego Polidori, Asko Noormets, Huimin Wang, Birger Ulf Hansen, Thomas Grünwald, Caroline Vincke, Robert M. Stevens, Carole Coursolle, D. P. Billesbach, Karl Schneider, Guoyi Zhou, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Paul V. Bolstad, Iris Feigenwinter, Shiping Chen, Julia Boike, Ivan Schroder, D. S. Christianson, Junhui Zhang, Pierre Cellier, Catharine van Ingen, Andrej Varlagin, A. Ribeca, Claudia Consalvo, Derek Eamus, Jason Brodeur, Alan G. Barr, Denis Loustau, Andreas Ibrom, Ankur R. Desai, Andrew E. Suyker, Efrén López-Blanco, Peter Cale, Nicola Arriga, William J. Massman, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, Yoshiko Kosugi, Pauline Buysse, Cove Sturtevant, T. A. Black, Housen Chu, David R. Bowling, Sabina Dore, Albin Hammerle, Tilden P. Meyers, M. Altaf Arain, Hatim Abdalla M. ElKhidir, Ignacio Goded, Roberto Zampedri, Alessio Collalti, Torsten Sachs, Tuomas Laurila, Cristina Poindexter, E. Canfora, Alexander Knohl, Donatella Spano, Silvano Fares, Scott R. Saleska, Michiel K. van der Molen, Suzanne M. Prober, Marryanna Lion, Steven C. Wofsy, Michael L. Goulden, Matthew Northwood, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Christine Moureaux, Jean-Marc Limousin, Sara H. Knox, Damiano Gianelle, Olaf Kolle, Jørgen E. Olesen, Mikhail Mastepanov, Bernard Heinesch, Christian Bernhofer, Peter D. Blanken, Hyojung Kwon, Georg Wohlfahrt, Peili Shi, Yann Nouvellon, Allison L. Dunn, Onil Bergeron, Mauro Cavagna, Heiko Prasse, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Yanhong Tang, Donatella Zona, Andrew S. Kowalski, Eric Dufrêne, Kim Pilegaard, Serena Marras, Yongtao He, Brent E. Ewers, Siyan Ma, Jean Marc Bonnefond, Jonas Ardö, Ko van Huissteden, Roser Matamala, Robin Weber, Nigel J. Tapper, Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha, Eva van Gorsel, Torbern Tagesson, Frederik Schrader, Frank Tiedemann, Myroslava Khomik, Torben R. Christensen, Jonathan E. Thom, James Cleverly, Víctor Resco de Dios, Ivan Shironya, Jeffrey P. Walker, You Wei Cheah, Ana López-Ballesteros, Georgia R. Koerber, J. William Munger, Shicheng Jiang, Johannes Lüers, Bruno De Cinti, Gilberto Pastorello, David R. Cook, Werner L. Kutsch, Paul Di Tommasi, Nicolas Delpierre, Peter Isaac, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Jiquan Chen, Craig Macfarlane, Dennis D. Baldocchi, William Woodgate, Riccardo Valentini, Marilyn Roland, Ladislav Šigut, Tomomichi Kato, Sebastian Westermann, Ivan Mammarella, Bart Kruijt, Marta Galvagno, Marius Schmidt, Serge Rambal, J. Kurbatova, Sean P. Burns, Ettore D'Andrea, Chad Hanson, Vincenzo Magliulo, Anne Griebel, Brian D. Amiro, M. Goeckede, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Thomas L. Powell, Marcelo D. Nosetto, Cacilia Ewenz, Michael J. Liddell, Satoru Takanashi, Lukas Hörtnagl, Zulia Mayari Sanchez-Mejia, W.W.P. Jans, N. Pirk, Johan Neirynck, Rainer Steinbrecher, Lukas Siebicke, Matthias Peichl, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Costantino Sirca, Earth and Climate, Earth Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], California State University [Sacramento], Michigan State University System, University of Virginia, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Agroscope, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Lund University [Lund], University of Nebraska–Lincoln, University of Nebraska System, University of Melbourne, University of Antwerp (UA), Université de Liège, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Peoples Friendship University of Russia [RUDN University] (RUDN), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Minnesota System, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Utah, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Thunen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Technology Sydney (UTS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Shanxi University (SXU), Worcester State University [Worcester], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, GILBERTO PASTORELLO, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, THOMAS ANDREW BLACK, University of British Columbia, PETER D. BLANKEN, University of Colorado, GIL BOHRER, Ohio State University, JULIA BOIKE, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research / Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, PAUL V. BOLSTAD, University of Minnesota, JEAN-MARC BONNEFOND, ISPA Bordeaux Sciences Agro, DAVID R. BOWLING, University of Utah, ROSVEL BRACHO, University of Florida, JASON BRODEUR, McMaster University, CHRISTIAN BRÜMMER, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, NINA BUCHMANN, ETH Zurich, BENOIT BURBAN, INRAE UMR ECOFOG, AGNES DE GRANDCOURT, UMR Eco&Sols, CIRAD, ANNE DE LIGNE, University of Liege, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, HAN DOLMAN, Universiteit Amsterdam, FRANCISCO DOMINGO, CSIC, GANG DONG, Shanxi University, SABINA DORE, HydroFocus, PIERPAOLO DUCE, National Research Council of Italy, MARTA GALVAGNO, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, MANA GHARUN, ETH Zurich, DAMIANO GIANELLE, Fondazione Edmund Mach, MARCIN JACKOWICZ-KORCZYNSKI, Lund University / Aarhus University, DALIBOR JANOUS, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, WILMA JANS, Wageningen University and Research, RACHHPAL JASSAL, University of British Columbia, SHICHENG JIANG, Northeast Normal University, ANA LÓPEZ-BALLESTEROS, Trinity College Dublin, EFRÉN LÓPEZ-BLANCO, Aarhus University, BENJAMIN LOUBET, Université Paris-Saclay, DENIS LOUSTAU, ISPA - INRA, JOHANNES LÜERS, University of Bayreuth, JOHAN NEIRYNCK, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, ZORAN NESIC, University of British Columbia, GIACOMO NICOLINI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, ASKO NOORMETS, Texas A&M University, MATTHEW NORTHWOOD, Charles Darwin University, KIMBERLY NOVICK, Indiana University Bloomington, MARILYN ROLAND, University of Antwerp, SIMONE SABBATINI, University of Tuscia, TORSTEN SACHS, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, SCOTT R. SALESKA, University of Arizona, ENRIQUE P. SÁNCHEZ-CAÑETE, University of Granada / CEAMA-IISTA, ZULIA M. SANCHEZ-MEJIA, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, RAINER STEINBRECHER, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ROBERT M. STEVENS, Sentek Pty Ltd, COVE STURTEVANT, National Ecological Observatory Network Program, ANDY SUYKER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, TORBERN TAGESSON, Lund University / University of Copenhagen, SATORU TAKANASHI, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, DOMENICO VITALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC, NATALIA VYGODSKAYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, JEFFREY P. WALKER, Monash University, ELIZABETH WALTER-SHEA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, HUIMIN WANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBIN WEBER, University of California Berkeley, SEBASTIAN WESTERMANN, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), CHRISTIAN WILLE, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, STEVEN WOFSY, Harvard University, GEORG WOHLFAHRT, University of Innsbruck, SEBASTIAN WOLF, ETH Zurich, WILLIAM WOODGATE, CSIRO Land and Water, YUELIN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, DONATELLA ZONA, San Diego State University / University of Sheffield, DEB AGARWAL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, SEBASTIEN BIRAUD, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARGARET TORN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DARIO PAPALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC., ALLISON DUNN, Worcester State University, JIRÍ DUSEK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, DEREK EAMUS, University of Technology Sydney, UWE EICHELMANN, Technische Universität Dresden, HOUSEN CHU, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DANIELLE CHRISTIANSON, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, YOU-WEI CHEAH, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CRISTINA POINDEXTER, California State University, JIQUAN CHEN, Michigan State University, ABDELRAHMAN ELBASHANDY, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARTY HUMPHREY, University of Virginia, PETER ISAAC, TERN Ecosystrem Processes, DIEGO POLIDORI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, ALESSIO RIBECA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, CATHARINE VAN INGEN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LEIMINGZ HANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BRIAN AMIRO, University of Manitoba, CHRISTOF AMMANN, Agroscope Research Institute, M. ALTAF ARAIN, McMaster University, JONAS ARDÖ, Lund University, TIMOTHY ARKEBAUER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, STEFAN K. ARNDT, The University of Melbourne, NICOLA ARRIGA, University of Antwerp / Joint Research Centre, MARC AUBINET, University of Liege, MIKA AURELA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, DENNIS BALDOCCHI, University of California Berkeley, ALAN BARR, University of Saskatchewan / Environment and Climate Change Canada, DAMIEN BONAL, Université de Lorraine, SEAN P. BURNS, University of Colorado / National Center for Atmospheric Research, PAULINE BUYSSE, Université Paris-Saclay, PETER CALE, Australian Landscape Trust, MAURO CAVAGNA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, PIERRE CELLIER, Université Paris-Saclay, SHIPING CHEN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISAAC CHINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, TORBEN R . CHRISTENSEN, Aarhus University, JAMES CLEVERLY, University of Technology Sydney, ALESSIO COLLALTI, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, CLAUDIA CONSALVO, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, BRUCE D. COOK, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, DAVID COOK, Argonne National Laboratory, CAROLE COURSOLLE, Natural Resources Canada / Université Laval, EDOARDO CREMONESE, Climate Change Unit, PETER S. CURTIS, Ohio State University, ETTORE DANDREA, National Research Council of Italy, HUMBERTO DA ROCHA, USP, XIAOQIN DAI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, KENNETH J. DAVIS, The Pennsylvania State University, BRUNO DE CINTI, National Research Council of Italy, NICOLAS DELPIERRE, Université Paris-Saclay, ANKUR R . DESAI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, CARLOS MARCELO DI BELLA, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires., PAUL DI TOMMASI, National Research Council of Italy, ERIC DUFRÊNE, Université Paris-Saclay, MARIUS SCHMIDT, Agrosphere (IBG3), HATIM ABDALLA M. ELKHIDIR, ElObeid Research Station, WERNER EUGSTER, ETH Zurich, CACILIA M. EWENZ, TERN Ecosystem Processes Central Node, BRENT EWERS, University of Wyoming, DANIELA FAMULARI, National Research Council of Italy, SILVANO FARES, National Research Council of Italy / Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, IRIS FEIGENWINTER, ETH Zurich, ANDREW FEITZ, Geoscience Australia, RASMUS FENSHOLT, University of Copenhagen, GIANLUCA FILIPPA, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, MARC FISCHER, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, JOHN FRANK, USDA Forest Service, BERT GIELEN, University of Antwerp, BENIAMINO GIOLI, National Research Council of Italy, ANATOLY GITELSON, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, IGNACIO BALLARIN GODED, Joint Research Centre, MATHIAS GOECKEDE, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ALLEN H. GOLDSTEIN, University of California Berkeley, CHRISTOPHER M. GOUGH, Virginia Commonwealth University, MICHAEL L. GOULDEN, University of California, ALEXANDER GRAF, Forschungszentrum Jülich, ANNE GRIEBEL, The University of Melbourne, CARSTEN GRUENING, Joint Research Centre, THOMAS GRÜNWALD, Technische Universität Dresden, ALBIN HAMMERLE, University of Innsbruck, SHIJIE HAN, Henan University / Chinese Academy of Sciences, XINGGUO HAN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BIRGER ULF HANSEN, University of Copenhagen, CHAD HANSON, Oregon State University, JUHA HATAKKA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, YONGTAO HE, Chinese Academy of Sciences / University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, MARKUS HEHN, Technische Universität Dresden, BERNARD HEINESCH, University of Liege, NINA HINKO-NAJERA, The University of Melbourne, LUKAS HÖRTNAGL, ETH Zurich, LINDSAY HUTLEY, Charles Darwin University, ANDREAS IBROM, Technical University of Denmark, HIROKI IKAWA, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, TOMOMICHI KATO, Hokkaido University, MYROSLAVA KHOMIK, McMaster University / Geography and Environmental Management, JANINA KLATT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ALEXANDER KNOHL, University of Goettingen, SARA KNOX, The University of British Columbia, HIDEKI KOBAYASHI, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, GEORGIA KOERBER, University of Adelaide, OLAF KOLLE, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, YOSHIKO KOSUGI, Kyoto University, AYUMI KOTANI, Nagoya University, ANDREW KOWALSKI, University of Granada, BART KRUIJT, Wageningen University, JULIA KURBATOVA, Russian Academy of Sciences, WERNER L. KUTSCH, ICOS ERIC, HYOJUNG KWON, Oregon State University, SAMULI LAUNIAINEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, TUOMAS LAURILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, BEV LAW, Oregon State University, RAY LEUNING, In memoriam, YINGNIAN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, MICHAEL LIDDELL, James Cook University, JEAN-MARC LIMOUSIN, Univ Montpellier, KARL SCHNEIDER, University of Cologne, MARRYANNA LION, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, ADAM J. LISKA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ANNALEA LOHILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute / University of Helsinki, ANTJE LUCAS-MOFFAT, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture / Centre for Agrometeorological Research, SIYAN MA, University of California Berkeley, CRAIG MACFARLANE, CSIRO Land and Water, VINCENZO MAGLIULO, National Research Council of Italy, REGINE MAIER, ETH Zurich, IVAN MAMMARELLA, University of Helsinki, GIOVANNI MANCA, Joint Research Centre, BARBARA MARCOLLA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, HANK A . MARGOLIS, Université Laval, SERENA MARRAS, CMCC / University of Sassari, WILLIAM MASSMAN, USDA Forest Service, MIKHAIL MASTEPANOV, Aarhus University / University of Oulu, ROSER MATAMALA, Argonne National Laboratory, JACLYN HATALA MATTHES, Wellesley College, FRANCESCO MAZZENGA, National Research Council of Italy, HARRY MCCAUGHEY, Queen’s University, IAN MCHUGH, The University of Melbourne, ANDREW M. S. MCMILLAN, Environmental Analytics NZ, LUTZ MERBOLD, International Livestock Research Institute, WAYNE MEYER, University of Adelaide, TILDEN MEYERS, NOAA/OAR/Air Resources Laboratory, SCOTT D. MILLER, State University of New York at Albany, STEFANO MINERBI, Forest Department of South Tyrol, UTA MODEROW, Technische Universität Dresden, RUSSELL K. MONSON, University of Arizona, LEONARDO MONTAGNANI, Forest Department of South Tyrol / Free University of Bolzano, CAITLIN E. MOORE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, EDDY MOORS, IHE Delft / VU Amsterdam, VIRGINIE MOREAUX, ISPA / University Grenoble Alpes, CHRISTINE MOUREAUX, University of Liege, J. WILLIAM MUNGER, Harvard University, TARO NAKAI, National Taiwan University / University of Alaska Fairbanks, MARCELO NOSETTO, Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis / UNER, YANN NOUVELLON, Univ Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-IRD-Montpellier SupAgro, WALTER OECHEL, San Diego State University / University of Exeter, JORGEN EIVIND OLESEN, Aarhus University, JEAN-MARC OURCIVAL, Univ Montpellier, SHIRLEY A. PAPUGA, Wayne State University, FRANS-JAN PARMENTIER, Lund University / University of Oslo, EUGENIE PAUL-LIMOGES, University of Zurich, MARIAN PAVELKA, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, MATTHIAS PEICHL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, ELISE PENDALL, Western Sydney University, RICHARD P. PHILLIPS, Indiana University Bloomington, KIM PILEGAARD, Technical University of Denmark, NORBERT PIRK, Lund University / CSIRO Land and Water, GABRIELA POSSE, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), THOMAS POWELL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, HEIKO PRASSE, Technische Universität Dresden, SUZANNE M. PROBER, CSIRO Land and Water, SERGE RAMBAL, Univ Montpellier, ÜLLAR RANNIK, University of Helsinki, DAVID REED, Michigan State University, VICTOR RESCO DE DIOS, Western Sydney University / Southwest University of Science and Technology, NATALIA RESTREPO-COUPE, University of Arizona, BORJA R. REVERTER, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, HANS PETER SCHMID, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, FREDERIK SCHRADER, Federal Research Institute of Rural Areas, IVAN SCHRODER, Geoscience Australia, RUSSELL L. SCOTT, Southwest Watershed Research Center, PAVEL SEDLÁK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences / Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, PENÉLOPE SERRANO-ORTÍZ, CEAMA-IISTA / University of Granada, CHANGLIANG SHAO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PEILI SHI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVAN SHIRONYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, LUKAS SIEBICKE, Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, LADISLAV SIGUT, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, RICHARD SILBERSTEIN, University of Western Australia / Edith Cowan University, COSTANTINO SIRCA, CMCC / University of Sassari, DONATELLA SPANO, CMCC / University of Sassari, YANHONG TANG, Peking University, NIGEL TAPPER, Monash University, JONATHAN THOM, University of Wisconsin-Madison, FRANK TIEDEMANN, University of Goettingen, MICHELE TOMASSUCCI, University of Tuscia / Terrasystem srl, JUHA-PEKKA TUOVINEN, Finnish Meteorological Institute, SHAWN URBANSKI, Rocky Mountain Research Station, RICCARDO VALENTINI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, MICHIEL VAN DER MOLEN, Wageningen University, EVA VAN GORSEL, Australian National University Canberra, KO VAN HUISSTEDEN, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, ANDREJ VARLAGIN, Russian Academy of Sciences, JOSEPH VERFAILLIE, University of California Berkeley, TIMO VESALA, University of Helsinki, CAROLINE VINCKE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBERTO ZAMPEDRI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, JUNHUI ZHANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, GUOYI ZHOU, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, NAAMA RAZ-YASEEF, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ERIC BEAMESDERFER, McMaster University, CARLO TROTTA, University of Tuscia, ELEONORA CANFORA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, LUCA BELELLI MARCHESINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach / RUDN University, ONIL BERGERON, Ministère du Développement durable de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, JASON BERINGER, University of Western Australia, CHRISTIAN BERNHOFER, Technische Universität Dresden, DANIEL BERVEILLER, Université Paris-Saclay, and DAVE BILLESBACH, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Subjects
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Settore AGR/05 - ASSESTAMENTO FORESTALE E SELVICOLTURA, dataset provides ecosystem, UNCERTAINTY, Eddy covariance, Observation météorologique, 01 natural sciences, ecosystem-scale data, lcsh:Science, SITES, Energy, Respiration, Statistics, Uncertainty, Carbon cycle, Biological measurements, Terrestrial biome, RESPIRATION, gapfilling, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Assimilation, Anhídrid carbònic, ddc:500, Net ecosystem exchange, Écosystème, STORAGE, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, ecosystem approaches [EN], Meteorology and Air Quality, ASSIMILATION, Library and Information Sciences, Education, collection [EN], Donnée climatique, Data collection, Water, 15. Life on land, Earth system science, Climate Resilience, Klimaatbestendigheid, lcsh:Q, processing, Climate sciences, Ecophysiology, Storage, Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources, 010501 environmental sciences, CARBON-DIOXIDE, ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE, ddc:550, Échange d'énergie, FLUXNET2015, Biosphere, Energy balance closure, fluxnet, Computer Science Applications, Collecte de données, Energia, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, Eddy Covariance, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, Engineering sciences. Technology, Sensoriamento Remoto, FLUX, 1171 Geosciences, Consistency (database systems), eau, Life Science, Time series, Remote sensing studies, Measurement device, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic, WIMEK, NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE, Pipeline (software), Environmental sciences, Metadata, Earth sciences, Carbon dioxide, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Probability and Uncertainty, Water Systems and Global Change, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-flled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the frst time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the frst time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible., European Union (EU), United States Department of Energy (DOE)

Published
2020
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11. Sensitivity of gross primary productivity to climatic drivers during the summer drought of 2018 in Europe

Author

Philippe Ciais, Bingxue Wang, Zhaolei Li, Zheng Fu, Julia K. Green, Nadia Vendrame, Andrej Varlagin, Christian Brümmer, Louis Gourlez de la Motte, Ladislav Šigut, Caroline Vincke, Mana Gharun, Edoardo Cremonese, Matthias Cuntz, Nina Buchmann, Ana Bastos, Hui Yang, Alexander Knohl, Kailiang Yu, Paul C. Stoy, Yuanyuan Huang, Tarek S. El-Madany, Franziska Koebsch, Marilyn Roland, Nicola Arriga, Matthias Peichl, Silvano Fares, Mirco Migliavacca, E. Magliulo, Andrea Pitacco, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Research Council Synergy project SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-PFrench National Research Agency (ANR) National Science Foundation (NSF)1552976Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Swiss National Science Foundation project ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)19-04-01234-asuccessive European projects European regional development programmes Region Grand-Est French National Research Agency (ANR) SOERE F-ORE-T ADEME INRA Department of Forest, Grassland and Freshwater Ecology University of Padova CDPA148553project VitiSOM LIFE15 ENV/IT/000392FWO Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the CzeCOS program LM2015061SustES-Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797European regional development programs French National Research Agency (ANR)ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), European Research Council Synergy project SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-PNational Science Foundation (NSF)1552976Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Swiss National Science Foundation project ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)19-04-01234-asuccessive European projects European regional development programmes Region Grand-Est SOERE F-ORE-T ADEME INRA Department of Forest, Grassland and Freshwater Ecology University of Padova CDPA148553project VitiSOM LIFE15 ENV/IT/000392FWO Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the CzeCOS program LM2015061SustES-Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797European regional development programs, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Biome, evapotranspiration, Eddy covariance, Genetics and Molecular Biology, drought, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Gross primary productivity, primary productivity, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem carbon, eddy covariance, climate change, Sensitivity (control systems), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Water content, Biology, Plant Physiological Phenomena, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmosphere, gross primary productivity, sensitivity, Europe, soil moisture, Articles, 15. Life on land, Grassland, Droughts, 13. Climate action, General Biochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, climatic drivers, Seasons, Human medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

In summer 2018, Europe experienced a record drought, but it remains unknown how the drought affected ecosystem carbon dynamics. Using observations from 34 eddy covariance sites in different biomes across Europe, we studied the sensitivity of gross primary productivity (GPP) to environmental drivers during the summer drought of 2018 versus the reference summer of 2016. We found a greater drought-induced decline of summer GPP in grasslands (−38%) than in forests (−10%), which coincided with reduced evapotranspiration and soil water content (SWC). As compared to the ‘normal year’ of 2016, GPP in different ecosystems exhibited more negative sensitivity to summer air temperature (Ta) but stronger positive sensitivity to SWC during summer drought in 2018, that is, a stronger reduction of GPP with soil moisture deficit. We found larger negative effects of Ta and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) but a lower positive effect of photosynthetic photon flux density on GPP in 2018 compared to 2016, which contributed to reduced summer GPP in 2018. Our results demonstrate that high temperature-induced increases in VPD and decreases in SWC aggravated drought impacts on GPP. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375 (1810), ISSN:0962-8436, ISSN:1471-2970, ISSN:0080-4622

Published
2020
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12. Non-stomatal processes reduce gross primary productivity in temperate forest ecosystems during severe edaphic drought

Author

Natalia Kowalska, Lukas Siebicke, Andreas Ibrom, Lenka Foltýnová, Johan Neiryink, Ladislav Šigut, Ignacio Goded Ballarin, Louis Gourlez de la Motte, Giovanni Manca, Marilyn Roland, Mathias Cuntz, Denis Lousteau, Bernard Longdoz, Caroline Vincke, Bernard Heinesch, Quentin Beauclaire, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, FWO Service Public de Wallonie 1217769project 'SustES -Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions' CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797University of Goettingen German Research Foundation (DFG) Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Det Frie Forskningsrad (DFF)DFF -1323-00182Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science 5072-00008BEU research infrastructure project RINGO EU research infrastructure project ICOS INRA, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Global Change Research Institute CAS, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Antwerp (UA), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Eddy covariance, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Forests, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Gross primary productivity, Trees, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, Forest, edaphic drought, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, model, Drought, Atmosphere, Ecology, Temperate forest, Edaphic, Articles, 15. Life on land, temperate forest ecosystems, Droughts, Europe, climate change, 13. Climate action, Plant Stomata, General Biochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Human medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Severe drought events are known to cause important reductions of gross primary productivity ( GPP ) in forest ecosystems. However, it is still unclear whether this reduction originates from stomatal closure (Stomatal Origin Limitation) and/or non-stomatal limitations (Non-SOL). In this study, we investigated the impact of edaphic drought in 2018 on GPP and its origin (SOL, NSOL) using a dataset of 10 European forest ecosystem flux towers. In all stations where GPP reductions were observed during the drought, these were largely explained by declines in the maximum apparent canopy scale carboxylation rate V CMAX,APP (NSOL) when the soil relative extractable water content dropped below around 0.4. Concurrently, we found that the stomatal slope parameter ( G 1 , related to SOL) of the Medlyn et al . unified optimization model linking vegetation conductance and GPP remained relatively constant. These results strengthen the increasing evidence that NSOL should be included in stomatal conductance/photosynthesis models to faithfully simulate both GPP and water fluxes in forest ecosystems during severe drought. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’.

Published
2020
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13. Validation of space-based albedo products from upscaled tower-based measurements over heterogeneous and homogeneous landscapes

Author

Nadine Gobron, Feng Yin, Damien Bonal, Montagnani Leonardo, Nicola Arriga, Jan-Peter Muller, Christophe Lerebourg, Benjamin Loubet, Pauline Buysse, Rui Song, Benoit Burban, Alexander Knohl, William Woodgate, Said Kharbouche, Wayne S. Meyer, Marilyn Roland, Georgia R. Koerber, Mark Kitchen, Lukas Siebicke, University College of London [London] (UCL), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Antwerp (UA), EUROPEAN COMMISSION JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE ITA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
upscaling, misr, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Economics, Science, surface albedo, directional hemispherical reflectance, bi-hemispherical reflectance, CGLS, ProbaV, vegetation, MODIS, MISR, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, modis, Ground truth, probav, Atmospheric correction, Albedo, AERONET, Spectroradiometer, cgls, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, Bidirectional reflectance distribution function, Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Surface albedo is a fundamental radiative parameter as it controls the Earth’s energy budget and directly affects the Earth’s climate. Satellite observations have long been used to capture the temporal and spatial variations of surface albedo because of their continuous global coverage. However, space-based albedo products are often affected by errors in the atmospheric correction, multi-angular bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) modelling, as well as spectral conversions. To validate space-based albedo products, an in situ tower albedometer is often used to provide continuous “ground truth” measurements of surface albedo over an extended area. Since space-based albedo and tower-measured albedo are produced at different spatial scales, they can be directly compared only for specific homogeneous land surfaces. However, most land surfaces are inherently heterogeneous with surface properties that vary over a wide range of spatial scales. In this work, tower-measured albedo products, including both directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR) and bi-hemispherical reflectance (BHR), are upscaled to coarse satellite spatial resolutions using a new method. This strategy uses high-resolution satellite derived surface albedos to fill the gaps between the albedometer’s field-of-view (FoV) and coarse satellite scales. The high-resolution surface albedo is generated from a combination of surface reflectance retrieved from high-resolution Earth Observation (HR-EO) data and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF climatology over a larger area. We implemented a recently developed atmospheric correction method, the Sensor Invariant Atmospheric Correction (SIAC), to retrieve surface reflectance from HR-EO (e.g., Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance measurements. This SIAC processing provides an estimated uncertainty for the retrieved surface spectral reflectance at the HR-EO pixel level and shows excellent agreement with the standard Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC) in retrieving Landsat-8 surface reflectance. Atmospheric correction of Sentinel-2 data is vastly improved by SIAC when compared against the use of in situ AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data. Based on this, we can trace the uncertainty of tower-measured albedo during its propagation through high-resolution EO measurements up to coarse satellite scales. These upscaled albedo products can then be compared with space-based albedo products over heterogeneous land surfaces. In this study, both tower-measured albedo and upscaled albedo products are examined at Ground Based Observation for Validation (GbOV) stations (https://land.copernicus.eu/global/gbov/), and used to compare with satellite observations, including Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) based on ProbaV and VEGETATION 2 data, MODIS and multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR).

Published
2020
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14. Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018

Author

Christian Brümmer, Bart Kruijt, Arne Poyda, Bert Gielen, Giovanni Manca, Marilyn Roland, Janina Klatt, Michal Heliasz, Jan Holst, Caroline Vincke, Corinna Rebmann, Meelis Mölder, Natalia Kowalska, Nadia Vendrame, Jinshu Chi, Nina Buchmann, Andreas Ibrom, Jiří Dušek, Stephan Weber, Lenka Foltýnová, Tarek S. El-Madany, Ladislav Šigut, Joachim Ingwersen, Alexander Graf, Mika Korkiakoski, Franziska Koebsch, Frédéric Bornet, Anne De Ligne, Denis Loustau, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, Mats Nilsson, Christophe Chipeaux, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Christian Wille, Torsten Sachs, Pascal Kremer, Shiva Ghiasi, Matthias Peichl, Gerald Jurasinski, Harry Vereecken, Matthias Mauder, Mana Gharun, Patrizia Ney, Thomas Grünwald, Hans-Dieter Wizemann, Pia Gottschalk, Marius Schmidt, Vincenzo Magliulo, Edoardo Cremonese, Joël Léonard, Ivan Mammarella, Anne Klosterhalfen, Mirco Migliavacca, Nicola Arriga, Silvano Fares, Milan Fischer, Matthias Cuntz, Andrej Varlagin, Alexander Knohl, Christian Bernhofer, Bernard Longdoz, Ingo Völksch, Frederik Schrader, Günther Heinemann, Sébastien Lafont, Nicolas Brüggemann, Heye Bogena, Bernard Heinesch, Jan Konopka, Matthias Zeeman, Johan Neirynck, Andrea Pitacco, Lukas Siebicke, Lukas Hörtnagl, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French National Research Agency (ANR)ANR-11-LABX-0002-01ANR-16-SUMF-0001-01Alexander von Humbold Stiftung (MaNiP) Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)01LN1313AGerman Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture BMEL (ERA-NET FACCE ERAGAS) German Research Foundation (DFG)BE1721/23PAK 346FOR 1695INST 186/1118-1 FUGGGIP Ecofor SOERE F-ORE-T Finnish Center of Excellence 307331FWOG0H3317NHelmholtz Association HGF (TERENO) VH-NG-821Hainich National Park Horizon 2020 696356ICOS-FINLAND 281255Kempe Foundation SMK-1743Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation2015.0047Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)19-0401234-aSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691InnoFarm 407340_172433European Commission (SUPER-G) European Commission (RINGO) European Commission (ERA-NET Sumforest) 606803Service Public de Wallonie (DGO6) 1217769SustES CZ. 02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797CzeCOS LM2015061Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas201601289942-2015-49University of Padua CDPA148553, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Agrosphere, IBG-3, Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro (Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)01LN1313AGerman Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture BMEL (ERA-NET FACCE ERAGAS) German Research Foundation (DFG)BE1721/23PAK 346FOR 1695INST 186/1118-1 FUGGGIP Ecofor SOERE F-ORE-T Finnish Center of Excellence 307331FWOG0H3317NHelmholtz Association HGF (TERENO) VH-NG-821Hainich National Park Horizon 2020 696356ICOS-FINLAND 281255Kempe Foundation SMK-1743Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation2015.0047Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)19-0401234-aSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691InnoFarm 407340_172433European Commission (SUPER-G) European Commission (RINGO) European Commission (ERA-NET Sumforest) 606803Service Public de Wallonie (DGO6) 1217769SustES CZ. 02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797CzeCOS LM2015061Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas201601289942-2015-49University of Padua CDPA148553, ANR-16-SUMF-0001,ForRISK,Forest density reduction to minimize the vulnerability of Norway spruce and silver fir to extreme drought – a risk assessment(2016), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Evapotranspiration, water-use efficiency, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Environmental Sciences (social aspects to be 507), Articles, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Grassland, Droughts, Europe, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, eddy-covariance, Terrestrial ecosystem, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Farms, net carbon uptake, Climate Change, evapotranspiration, Eddy covariance, heat flux, Sensible heat, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ddc:570, Latent heat, eddy covariance, energy balance, Water-use efficiency, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Atmosphere, Global warming, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Wetlands, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Water Systems and Global Change, Human medicine
Abstract

Drought and heat events, such as the 2018 European drought, interact with the exchange of energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, potentially affecting albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as CO 2 exchange. Each of these quantities may aggravate or mitigate the drought, heat, their side effects on productivity, water scarcity and global warming. We used measurements of 56 eddy covariance sites across Europe to examine the response of fluxes to extreme drought prevailing most of the year 2018 and how the response differed across various ecosystem types (forests, grasslands, croplands and peatlands). Each component of the surface radiation and energy balance observed in 2018 was compared to available data per site during a reference period 2004–2017. Based on anomalies in precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, we classified 46 sites as drought affected. These received on average 9% more solar radiation and released 32% more sensible heat to the atmosphere compared to the mean of the reference period. In general, drought decreased net CO 2 uptake by 17.8%, but did not significantly change net evapotranspiration. The response of these fluxes differed characteristically between ecosystems; in particular, the general increase in the evaporative index was strongest in peatlands and weakest in croplands. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’.

Published
2020
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15. Weather, pollution and biotic factors drive net forest - atmosphere exchange of CO2 at different temporal scales in a temperate-zone mixed forest

Author

Ivan A. Janssens, Arne Verstraeten, Marilyn Roland, Reinhart Ceulemans, Bert Gielen, Joanna Horemans, Johan Neirynck, and Gaby Deckmyn

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biotic component, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Carbon sink, Forestry, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Atmosphere, Deciduous, medicine, Environmental science, Temporal scales, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Understanding the drivers of net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) between forests and the atmosphere is crucial for the prediction of future global carbon dynamics. We therefore analyzed the long-term (1999–2014) ecosystem carbon fluxes of a mixed coniferous/deciduous forest (Brasschaat forest) in the Campine ecoregion of Belgium. The carbon uptake of this forest increased over the 16-year study period. By consecutively performing time series decomposition and the statistical technique of random forests, the correlative strength between multiple meteorological drivers, tropospheric pollutants and biotic indices with NEE was quantified at different time scales: i.e., long-term, seasonal and weekly, and separately for day- and nighttime NEE fluxes. The drivers that were most correlated with the trend in carbon sink capacity were the increasing atmospheric CO2 level and soil recovery from acidification. The radiation-saturated carbon uptake increased remarkably and explained much of the long-term variability of daytime NEE. When the long-term and seasonal variation were extracted the remaining weekly variation in daytime NEE was most strongly correlated with variation in the incoming radiation and cloudiness, and to a lesser extent by variation in vapor pressure deficit. In contrast to daytime NEE, nighttime NEE did not show a steady trend over time, but fluctuated, peaking in 1999 and in 2011. The long-term variability in nighttime NEE was most strongly correlated with the groundwater table depth. Air temperature was highly correlated to the seasonal as well as to the remaining weekly variation, i.e., after removal of the long-term and seasonal variability, in nighttime NEE. Biotic drivers (e.g., quantum yield and radiation-saturated carbon uptake) explained less of the variation in NEE on a seasonal and short-term scale, but were more important at the long term.

Published
2020
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16. A comparison of different methods for assessing leaf area index in four canopy types

Author

Cristina Ariza-Carricondo, Marilyn Roland, Reinhart Ceulemans, Dario Papale, Bert Gielen, Francesca Di Mauro, Domenico Vitale, and Maarten Op de Beeck

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, indirect methods, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology (disciplines), DHP, Forestry, 15. Life on land, SD1-669.5, LAI–2200, 01 natural sciences, direct methods, Plant science, SunScan, Wood Area Index, Environmental science, Leaf area index, Biology, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The agreement of Leaf Area Index (LAI) assessments from three indirect methods, i.e. the LAI–2200 Plant Canopy Analyzer, the SS1 SunScan Canopy Analysis System and Digital Hemispherical Photography (DHP) was evaluated for four canopy types, i.e. a short rotation coppice plantation (SRC) with poplar, a Scots pine stand, a Pedunculate oak stand and a maize field. In the SRC and in the maize field, the indirect measurements were compared with direct measurements (litter fall and harvesting). In the low LAI range (0 to 2) the discrepancies of the SS1 were partly explained by the inability to properly account for clumping and the uncertainty of the ellipsoidal leaf angle distribution parameter. The higher values for SS1 in the medium (2 to 6) to high (6 to 8) ranges might be explained by gap fraction saturation for LAI–2200 and DHP above certain values. Wood area index –understood as the woody light-blocking elements from the canopy with respect to diameter growth– accounted for overestimation by all indirect methods when compared to direct methods in the SRC. The inter-comparison of the three indirect methods in the four canopy types showed a general agreement for all methods in the medium LAI range (2 to 6). LAI–2200 and DHP revealed the best agreement among the indirect methods along the entire range of LAI (0 to 8) in all canopy types. SS1 showed some discrepancies with the LAI–2200 and DHP at low (0 to 2) and high ranges of LAI (6 to 8).

Published
2019

17. Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe's terrestrial ecosystems: a review

Author

Tiphaine Tallec, Arnaud Carrara, Ralf Kiese, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Mika Aurela, Olaf Kolle, Bernard Heinesch, Sébastien Gogo, Annalea Lohila, Maarten Op de Beeck, Nina Buchmann, Nicola Arriga, Hans Peter Schmid, Jukka Pumpanen, Ladislav Šigut, Meelis Mölder, Lilian Joly, Lukas Hörtnagl, Giorgio Matteucci, Leonardo Montagnani, Anders Lindroth, Hanna Silvennoinen, Robert Clement, Eric Ceschia, George Burba, Matthias Peichl, Bruce Osborne, Ana López-Ballesteros, B. Longdoz, Thomas Grünwald, Domenico Vitale, Rainer Steinbrecher, Andrea Pitacco, Lukas Siebicke, Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius, Peter Waldner, Pasi Kolari, Marion Schrumpf, Alexander Graf, Tuomas Laurila, Oliver Sonnentag, Gianluca Filippa, Daniel Berveiller, Jouni Heiskanen, Michael P. Jones, Marc Aubinet, Sébastien C. Biraud, Mathias Herbst, Philip Meier, Mirco Migliavacca, Marian Pavelka, Per Weslien, Roland Fuß, Bert Gielen, Kamel Soudani, Mari Pihlatie, Radek Pokorný, Manuel Acosta, Simone Mereu, Mats Nilsson, Achim Grelle, Caroline Vincke, Guillaume Simioni, Patrick M. Crill, Leif Klemedtsson, Christine Moureaux, Natascha Kljun, Stefan Metzger, Christian Brümmer, Lutz Merbold, Katja Klumpp, Matthias Mauder, Christine Herschlein, Claudy Jolivet, Simone Sabbatini, Patrice Soulé, Mireille Barbaste, Céline Ratié, Edoardo Cremonese, Patrik Vestin, Nicolas Saby, Patrick Gross, Penélope Serrano Ortiz, Hakima Boukir, Giacomo Nicolini, Stefan Fleck, Sune Linder, Pavel Sedlák, Sami Haapanala, Gaëlle Vincent, David R. Nelson, Werner L. Kutsch, Edward Ayres, Lisa Wingate, Nuria Altimir, Anne De Ligne, Andreas Ibrom, Marilyn Roland, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Timothy Brown, Corinna Rebmann, Eiko Nemitz, Sara Maraňón Jiménez, Koen Hufkens, Andrew S. Kowalski, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Sigrid Dengel, Eva Darenova, Markus Hehn, Anne Thimonier, Mark S. Zahniser, Matthew Saunders, John Grace, Georg Wohlfahrt, A. Cescatti, Ute Skiba, Dominique Arrouays, Petra D'Odorico, Olli Peltola, Daniela Franz, Tanguy Manise, Gerardo Fratini, Thunen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/ Physics, Partenaires INRAE, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), University of Antwerp (UA), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Liège, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Ecological Observatory Network, Science Office (NEON), Trinity College Dublin, Unité de service et de recherches en analyses végétales et environnementales (USRAVE), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Australian National University (ANU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), LI-COR Biosciences, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo, European Commission, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Edinburgh, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Stockholm University, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Oobservational network, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ICOS, GHG exchange, carbon cycle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ICOS, GHG exchange, carbon cycle, standardised monitoring, observational network, climate change, Climate change, Eddy covariance, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Carbon cycle, standardised monitoring, 11. Sustainability, Forest ecology, Sampling design, ddc:550, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Ecosystem, Biology, standardized protocols, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Agronomy & Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Earth sciences, climate change, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, observational network, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, ddc:640, Terrestrial ecosystem, business
Abstract

Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. The use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal value.

Published
2018
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18. ICOS eddy covariance flux-station site setup: a review

Author

Daniela Franz, John Grace, Leonardo Montagnani, Anders Lindroth, Ivan Mammarella, Marian Pavelka, Dario Papale, Natascha Kljun, Gerardo Fratini, Andrew S. Kowalski, Georg Wohlfahrt, Andreas Ibrom, Rainer Steinbrecher, Lukas Siebicke, Anne De Ligne, Mika Aurela, Matthias Mauder, Alexander Graf, Patrick Gross, Marc Aubinet, Timo Vesala, Nicola Arriga, Denis Loustau, Mathias Herbst, Matthias Peichl, Meelis Mölder, George Burba, Lukas Hörtnagl, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Corinna Rebmann, Stefan Metzger, Olaf Kolle, HaPe Schmid, Marilyn Roland, Lutz Merbold, Sami Haapanala, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, Bert Gielen, Lilian Joly, Robert Clement, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Université de Liège, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Antwerp (UA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), LI-COR Biosciences, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre for Agrometeorological Research, Partenaires INRAE, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University [Lund], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), University of Helsinki, International Livestock Research Institute, National Ecological Observatory Network, Science Office (NEON), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Piazza Università, Department for innovation in biological, agro-food and forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, and Thuenen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Instrumentation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Eddy covariance, Flux, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, Anemometer, ddc:550, protocol, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, eddy covariance technique, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Gas analyzer, Earth sciences, ICOS, tower set up, greenhouse gas, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, ddc:640, Water vapor
Abstract

International Agrophysics, 32 (4), ISSN:0236-8722, ISSN:2300-8725

Published
2018
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19. No impact of tropospheric ozone on the gross primary productivity of a Belgian pine forest

Author

Bert Gielen, Ivan A. Janssens, Marilyn Roland, Maarten Op de Beeck, Johan Neirynck, and Lore T. Verryckt

Subjects
Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Life, Environment, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Gross primary productivity, modelling, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:QH540-549.5, ozon, Botany, Tropospheric ozone, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, B002-biophysics, biology, Physics, Crop yield, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Pine forest, Carbon uptake, Scots pine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:Geology, Chemistry, lcsh:QH501-531, chemistry, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract

High stomatal ozone (O3) uptake has been shown to negatively affect crop yields and the growth of tree seedlings. However, little is known about the effect of O3 on the carbon uptake by mature forest trees. This study investigated the effect of high O3 events on gross primary productivity (GPP) for a Scots pine stand near Antwerp, Belgium over the period 1998–2013. Stomatal O3 fluxes were modelled using in situ O3 mixing ratio measurements and a multiplicative stomatal model, which was parameterised and validated for this Scots pine stand. Ozone-induced GPP reduction is most likely to occur during or shortly after days with high stomatal O3 uptake. Therefore, a GPP model within an artificial neural network was parameterised for days with low stomatal O3 uptake rates and used to simulate GPP during periods of high stomatal O3 uptake. Possible negative effects of high stomatal O3 uptake on GPP would then result in an overestimation of GPP by the model during or after high stomatal O3 uptake events. The O3 effects on GPP were linked to AOT40 and POD1. Although the critical levels for both indices were exceeded in every single year, no significant negative effects of O3 on GPP were found, and no correlations between GPP residuals and AOT40 and POD1 were found. Overall, we conclude that no O3 effects were detected on the carbon uptake by this Scots pine stand.

Published
2017
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20. No tropospheric ozone impact on the carbon uptake by a Belgian pine forest

Author

Johan Neirynck, Lore T. Verryckt, Maarten Op de Beeck, Marilyn Roland, Bert Gielen, and Ivan A. Janssens

Subjects
Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Agroforestry, Crop yield, Carbon uptake, Pine forest, Scots pine, Primary production, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental science, Tropospheric ozone, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

High stomatal ozone (O3) uptake has been shown to negatively affect crop yields and the growth of tree seedlings. However, little is known about the effect of O3 on the carbon uptake by mature forest trees. This study investigated the effect of high O3 events on gross primary production (GPP) for a Scots pine stand near Antwerp, Belgium over the period 1998–2013. Stomatal O3 fluxes were modelled using in situ O3 concentration measurements and a multiplicative stomatal model, which was parameterised and validated for this Scots pine stand. Ozone-induced GPP reduction is most likely to occur during or shortly after days with high stomatal O3 uptake. Therefore, a GPP model parameterised for days with low stomatal O3 uptake rates was used to simulate GPP during periods of high stomatal O3 uptake. Eventual negative effects of high stomatal O3 uptake on GPP would then result in an overestimation of GPP by the model during or after high stomatal O3 uptake events. The O3 effects on GPP were linked to AOT40 and PODy. Although the critical levels for both indices were exceeded in every single year, no significant negative effects were found of ozone on GPP and no correlations between GPP residuals and AOT40 and PODy were found. Overall, we conclude that no O3 effects were detected on the carbon uptake by this Scots pine stand.

Published
2016
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22. Hidden, abiotic CO2 flows and gaseous reservoirs in the terrestrial carbon cycle: Review and perspectives

Author

Francisco Domingo, Ivan A. Janssens, Marilyn Roland, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Yves Goddéris, Andrew S. Kowalski, and Sergio Sanchez-Moral

Subjects
Abiotic component, Hydrology, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Eddy covariance, Forestry, Context (language use), Atmospheric sciences, Carbon cycle, FluxNet, Terrestrial ecosystem, Ecosystem, Precipitation, Biology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

This review article analyzes different abiotic processes that could contribute to the global carbon cycle on short time scales, beginning with high rates of net CO2 release or uptake measured over ecosystems by the FLUXNET community. The two main abiotic interpretations for these “anomalous” measurements are weathering processes and subterranean cavity ventilation. After analyzing their mechanisms and drivers, we evaluate their possible relevance and contributions in the studies mentioned above. Analyzing weathering (calcite dissolution and precipitation) chemistry and using a geochemical model, we conclude that CO2 dissolution processes could explain the measured CO2 release following dry season rain events, but their contribution is far from sufficient to explain large magnitudes of daytime CO2 emissions or annual CO2 uptake measured in some desert ecosystems. In this context, we hypothesize and evaluate a further abiotic mechanism: the role of subterranean cavities as a temporal depot of CO2, along with their seasonal ventilation. A first approximation estimates that the subterranean CO2 pool (and its potential ventilation) could represent more than half of the total CO2 content of the atmosphere. Therefore, the non-negligible potential contribution to the net ecosystem carbon balance requires further investigation towards a better understanding of its drivers.

Published
2010
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23. Importance of nondiffusive transport for soil <tex>CO_{2}$</tex> efflux in a temperate mountain grassland

Author

Michael Schmitt, Ivan A. Janssens, Sara Vicca, Marilyn Roland, Michael Bahn, and Thomas Ladreiter-Knauss

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Bulk soil, Soil Science, Soil science, Aquatic Science, Biogeosciences, Soil respiration, Atmosphere, Biogeochemical Kinetics and Reaction Modeling, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, Paleoceanography, pressure pumping, Global Change, Diffusion (business), Biology, Research Articles, Water Science and Technology, Abiotic component, Ecology, Physics, diffusion, Paleontology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Biogeochemistry, Trace gas, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil water, soil CO2 transport, Environmental science, flux‐gradient approach, Terrestrial ecosystem, chamber measurements, solid‐state sensors, Cryosphere, Biogeochemical Cycles, Processes, and Modeling, Research Article
Abstract

Soil respiration and its biotic and abiotic drivers have been an important research topic in recent years. While the bulk of these efforts has focused on the emission of CO2 from soils, the production and subsequent transport of CO2 from soil to atmosphere received far less attention. However, to understand processes underlying emissions of CO2 from terrestrial ecosystems, both processes need to be fully evaluated. In this study, we tested to what extent the transport of CO2 in a grassland site in the Austrian Alps could be modeled based on the common assumption that diffusion is the main transport mechanism for trace gases in soils. Therefore, we compared the CO2 efflux calculated from the soil CO2 concentration gradient with the CO2 efflux from chamber measurements. We used four commonly used diffusion‐driven models for the flux‐gradient approach. Models generally underestimated the soil chamber effluxes and their amplitudes, indicating that processes other than diffusion were responsible for the transport of CO2. We further observed that transport rates correlated well with irradiation and, below a soil moisture content of 33%, with wind speed. This suggests that mechanisms such as bulk soil air transport, due to pressure pumping or thermal expansion of soil air due to local surface heating, considerably influence soil CO2 transport at this site. Our results suggest that nondiffusive transport may be an important mechanism influencing diel and day‐to‐day dynamics of soil CO2 emissions, leading to a significant mismatch (10–87% depending on the model used) between the two approaches at short time scales., Key Points We compared chamber soil CO2 efflux and soil CO2 concentrationsWe found correlations between transport rates and wind speed and irradiationNondiffusive gas transport should be considered at any site

Published
2015

24. Atmospheric turbulence triggers pronounced diel pattern in karst carbonate geochemistry

Author

Yves Goddéris, J. Schott, R. Van Grieken, Francisco Domingo, Philippe Ciais, Andrew S. Kowalski, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Dan Yakir, Ivan A. Janssens, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Sergio Sanchez-Moral, Soledad Cuezva, Bernard Longdoz, Marilyn Roland, Carolina Cardell, Department of Biology (University of Antwerp), University of Antwerp (UA), Estación Experimental de Zonas Aridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centro Andaluz de Medio Ambiente (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Granada], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente [Universidad de Alicante], Universidad de Alicante, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Weizmann Institute of Science, Universiteit Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Departamento de Mineralogia y Petrologia [Granada], Institute for Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, research programme Juan de la Cierva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Petrología Aplicada, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), and Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen]

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Karst carbonate geochemistry, lcsh:Life, Weathering, UNSATURATED ZONE, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, DESERT, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, DISSOLUTION, lcsh:QH540-549.5, ROCK FRAGMENTS, Ecosystem, Precipitation, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, WATER-VAPOR ADSORPTION, Diel pattern, Physics, SPAIN, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, CO2 FLUX, NET ECOSYSTEM, SOIL CARBON, DIOXIDE, lcsh:Geology, Chemistry, lcsh:QH501-531, Outgassing, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric turbulence triggers, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Carbonate, Terrestrial ecosystem, lcsh:Ecology, Geology, Petrología y Geoquímica
Abstract

CO2 exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is key to understanding the feedbacks between climate change and the land surface. In regions with carbonaceous parent material, CO2 exchange patterns occur that cannot be explained by biological processes, such as disproportionate outgassing during the daytime or nighttime CO2 uptake during periods when all vegetation is senescent. Neither of these phenomena can be attributed to carbonate weathering reactions, since their CO2 exchange rates are too small. Soil ventilation induced by high atmospheric turbulence is found to explain atypical CO2 exchange between carbonaceous systems and the atmosphere. However, by strongly altering subsurface CO2 concentrations, ventilation can be expected to influence carbonate weathering rates. By imposing ventilation-driven CO2 outgassing in a carbonate weathering model, we show here that carbonate geochemistry is accelerated and does play a surprisingly large role in the observed CO2 exchange pattern of a semi-arid ecosystem. We found that by rapidly depleting soil CO2 during the daytime, ventilation disturbs soil carbonate equilibria and therefore strongly magnifies daytime carbonate precipitation and associated CO2 production. At night, ventilation ceases and the depleted CO2 concentrations increase steadily. Dissolution of carbonate is now enhanced, which consumes CO2 and largely compensates for the enhanced daytime carbonate precipitation. This is why only a relatively small effect on global carbonate weathering rates is to be expected. On the short term, however, ventilation has a drastic effect on synoptic carbonate weathering rates, resulting in a pronounced diel pattern that exacerbates the non-biological behavior of soil–atmosphere CO2 exchanges in dry regions \mbox{with carbonate soils}., M. Roland was granted by the Institute for Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen). I. A. Janssens and R. Van Grieken acknowledge the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO). P. Serrano-Ortiz is funded by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. S. Cuezva was funded by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, research programme Juan de la Cierva.

Published
2013
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25. Corrigendum to 'Hidden, abiotic CO2 flows and gaseous reservoirs in the terrestrial carbon cycle: Review and perspectives' [Agric. Forest Meteorol. 150 (2010) 321–329]

Author

Yves Goddéris, Andrew S. Kowalski, Ivan A. Janssens, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Marilyn Roland, Francisco Domingo, and Sergio Sanchez-Moral

Subjects
Abiotic component, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Environmental science, Forestry, Agronomy and Crop Science, Carbon cycle
Published
2011
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26. Schep een klimaat voor verandering

Author

Marcel Eens, Yves Pepermans, Johan Bastiaensen, Carola Betzold, Eric Struyf, Lieven Bervoets, Jan Beyers, Ronny Blust, Ceulemans, Reinhart J., Hans De Boeck, tom de herdt, Ivan Janssens, Herwig Leirs, Ilse Loots, Pieter Maeseele, Erik Matthysen, Patrick Meire, Wendt Müller, Ivan Nijs, Rianne Pinxten, Marilyn Roland, Jonas Schoelynck, Kristof Titeca, Frederic Vandermoere, Gert Van Hecken, Marijke Verpoorten, Gert Verschraegen, and Sara Vicca

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