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Illumination of a 3-hydroxybenzo[g]quinolone with visible light results in CO release via two different reaction pathways.

We present an extensive study of the luminescence characteristics of Mn impurity ions in a YAl3(BO3)4:Mn crystal, in combination with X-ray fluorescence analysis and determination of the valence state of Mn by XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) spectroscopy. The valences of manganese Mn2+(d5) and Mn3+(d4) were determined by the XANES and high-resolution optical spectroscopy methods shown to be complementary. We observe the R1 and R2 luminescence and absorption lines characteristic of the 2E ↔4A2 transitions in d3 ions (such as Mn4+ and Cr3+) and show that they arise due to uncontrolled admixture of Cr3+ ions. A broad luminescent band in the green part of the spectrum is attributed to transitions in Mn2+. Narrow zero-phonon infrared luminescence lines near 1060 nm (9400 cm−1) and 760 nm (13,160 cm−1) are associated with spin-forbidden transitions in Mn3+: 1T2 → 3T1 (between excited triplets) and 1T2 → 5E (to the ground state). Spin-allowed 5T2 → 5E Mn3+ transitions show up as a broad band in the orange region of the spectrum. Using the data of optical spectroscopy and Tanabe–Sugano diagrams we estimated the crystal-field parameter Dq and Racah parameter B for Mn3+ in YAB:Mn as Dq = 1785 cm−1 and B = 800 cm−1. Our work can serve as a basis for further study of YAB:Mn for the purposes of luminescent thermometry, as well as other applications.

Organic compounds that can be triggered using light to release CO in biological environments are of significant current interest to probe the role of CO in biology and as potential therapeutics. We recently reported that a 3-hydroxybenzo[

The results of the preliminary heat treatment effecting in a medium with a high oxygen content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of structural steels are presented. It is shown that the usage of preheating in the glass mass in the range of (Ac130°C) – Ac1for steels of grades 50 and 40H leads to the formation of a structure with dispersed granular pearlite and crushed excess ferrite precipitates. Such a structure, when heated for quenching, provides rapid formation of a homogeneous austenite and a delay in the growth of austenite grain, which provides the best combination of strength and plasticity after the final heat treatment. It is established that the tensile strength increases 1.2-1.3 times while maintaining the plasticity characteristics. The reliability of the obtained estimates of the mechanical property characteristics is confirmed by the results of a statistical analysis.

Background: Previous studies have shown that children and adolescents with COVID-19 generally have mild disease. Children and adolescents with cancer, however, can have severe disease when infected with respiratory viruses. In this study, we aimed to understand the clinical course and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents with cancer. Methods: We did a cohort study with data from 131 institutions in 45 countries. We created the Global Registry of COVID-19 in Childhood Cancer to capture de-identified data pertaining to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and adolescents (

In the modern world, the issues of solid municipal waste disposal, as part of the problem of environmental protection, are quite acute These problems are relevant for Russia and for many other world powers. The Russian Federation is one of the most polluted countries in the world, which negatively affects the quality of life and the health of the population of its regions. The annual increase in the volume of municipal solid waste is part of the man-made impact of man on the natural environment. To make strategic decisions on this issue, it is necessary to understand the policy of MSW management, so the authors in the article consider the values of tariffs for MSW management in one of the major regions of Russia - the Vologda Region. The data of tariffs of the Vologda region approved for 2021 are given. The structure of the average tariffs of the Russian Federation and the Vologda Region is analyzed. On the basis of regional regulations, a sample of data on the costs of disposal and transportation of MSW for some districts of the Vologda region is given: Velikoustugski, Totemski, Mezhdurechensky, Babushkinsky area, Belozersky districts. The average values of tariffs for the treatment of MSW for Russia and other countries are given: the USA, Canada, Germany, France and Finland. In addition to tariffs, the authors conducted a study on the distribution of MSW by type of disposal: disposal, incineration and recycling The article discusses the values of tariffs for the treatment of solid municipal waste and their disposal. In conclusion, the authors express concern about insufficient funds for innovations in the field of MSW processing/ recycling.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a signaling molecule in humans. Prior research suggests that therapeutic levels of CO can have beneficial effects in treating a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. To facilitate understanding of the role of CO in biology, molecules that enable fluorescence detection of CO in living systems have emerged as an important class of chemical tools. A key unmet challenge in this field is the development of fluorescent analyte replacement probes that replenish the CO that is consumed during detection. Herein, we report the first examples of CO sense and release molecules that involve combining a common CO-sensing motif with a light-triggered CO-releasing flavonol scaffold. A notable advantage of the flavonol-based CO sense and release motif is that it is trackable via fluorescence in both its pre- and postsensing (pre-CO release) forms. In vitro studies revealed that the PdCl2 and Ru(II)-containing CORM-2 used in the CO sensing step can result in metal coordination to the flavonol, which minimizes the subsequent CO release reactivity. However, CO detection followed by CO release is demonstrated in living cells, indicating that a cellular environment mitigates the flavonol/metal interactions.

The article is devoted to the investigation of the technology of the wood-glued structures manufacture with strengthening the supporting zones by a prepreg on the basis of the fiberglass and the glued oligomer with the addition of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The peculiarities of the wooden beams cross-sections have been presented. The main types of fiberglass have been reviewed. The article describes strengthening the supporting zones of wooden and glued-wood beams. The method of nanoparticles application in adhesive compositions to improve their physical mechanical properties has been considered. The technological process of manufacturing the glued-wood structure and its strengthening has been developed.

The delivery of controlled amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) to biological targets is of significant current interest. Very few CO-releasing compounds are currently known that can be rigorously controlled in terms of the location and amount of CO released. To address this deficiency, we report herein a new metal-free, visible light-induced CO-releasing molecule (photoCORM) and its prodrug oxidized form, which offer new approaches to controlled, localized CO-delivery. The new photoCORM, based on a 3-hydroxybenzo[g]quinolone framework, releases one equivalent of CO upon visible light illumination under a variety of biologically-relevant conditions. This non-toxic compound can be tracked prior to CO release using fluorescence microscopy and produces a non-toxic byproduct following CO release. An oxidized prodrug form of the photoCORM is reduced by cellular thiols, providing an approach toward activation in the reducing environment of cancer cells. Strong non-covalent affinity of the non-metal photoCORM to albumin enables use of an albumin:photoCORM complex for targeted CO delivery to cancer cells. This approach produced cytotoxicity IC(50) values among the lowest reported to date for CO delivery to cancer cells by a photoCORM. This albumin:photoCORM complex is also the first CO delivery system to produce significant anti-inflammatory effects when introduced at nanomolar photoCORM concentration.

In this presentation, the results on the study of electron-phonon coupling in rare-earth iron borates RFe3(BO3)4, R = Pr, Sm, Tb, and Gd, which was carried out in our laboratory in a cooperation with other Russian and foreign institutions, are briefly reviewed.

Metal–flavonolate compounds are of significant current interest as synthetic models for quercetinase enzymes and as bioactive compounds of importance to human health. Zinc–3-hydroxyflavonolate compounds, including those of quercetin, kampferol, and morin, generally exhibit bidentate coordination to a single ZnII center. The bipyridine-ligated zinc–flavonolate compound reported herein, namely bis(μ-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-3-olato)-κ3 O 3:O 3,O 4;κ3 O 3,O 4:O 3-bis[(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)zinc(II)] bis(perchlorate), {[Zn2(C15H9O3)2(C10H8N2)2](ClO4)2} n , (1), provides an unusual example of bridging 3-hydroxyflavonolate ligation in a dinuclear metal complex. The symmetry-related ZnII centers of (1) exhibit a distorted octahedral geometry, with weak coordination of a perchlorate anion trans to the bridging deprotonated O atom of the flavonolate ligand. Variable-concentration conductivity measurements provide evidence that, when (1) is dissolved in CH3CN, the complex dissociates into monomers. 1H NMR resonances for (1) dissolved in d 6-DMSO were assigned via HMQC to the H atoms of the flavonolate and bipyridine ligands. In CH3CN, (1) undergoes quantitative visible-light-induced CO release with a quantum yield [0.004 (1)] similar to that exhibited by other mononuclear zinc–3-hydroxyflavonolate complexes. Mass spectroscopic identification of the [(bpy)2Zn(O-benzoylsalicylate)]+ ion provides evidence of CO release from the flavonol and of ligand exchange at the ZnII center.

In this article a block diagram of an automated deployment system is considered. A structural-functional indicator of the intensity of the use of functional elements of an automated deployment system is presented

The properties of the extended flavonol 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-benzo[g]chromen-4-one (2a) in DMSO : aqueous buffer solutions at pH = 7.4, including in the presence of metal ions, surfactants and serum albumin proteins, have been examined. Absorption and emission spectral studies of 2a in 1 : 1 DMSO : PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) indicate that a mixture of neutral and anionic forms of the flavonol are present. Notably, in 1 : 1 DMSO : TRIS buffer (pH = 7.4) only the neutral form of the flavonol is present. These results indicate that the nature of the buffer influences the acid/base equilibrium properties of 2a. Introduction of a Zn(II) complex of 2a− to a 1 : 1 DMSO : aqueous buffer (TRIS or PBS, pH = 7.4) solution produces absorption and emission spectral features consistent with the presence of a mixture of neutral 2a along with Zn(II)-coordinated or free 2a−. The nature of the anionic species present depends on the buffer composition. PBS buffered solutions (pH = 7.4) containing the surfactants CTAB or SDS enable 2a to be solubilized at a much lower percentage of DMSO (3.3–4.0%). Solutions containing the cationic surfactant CTAB include a mixture of 2a and 2a− whereas only the neutral flavonol is present in SDS-containing buffered solution. Compound 2a is also solubilized in TRIS buffer solutions at low cocentrations of DMSO (3.3%, pH = 7.4) in the presence of serum albumin proteins. Stern–Volmer analysis of the quenching of the inherent protein fluorescence indicates static binding of 2a to the proteins. The binding constant for this interaction is lower than that found for naturally-occurring flavonols (quercetin or morin) or 3-hydroxyflavone. Compound 2a binds to Site I of bovine and human serum albumin proteins as indicated by competition studies with warfarin and ibuprofen, as well as by docking investigations. The quantum yield for CO release from 2a (λirr = 419 nm) under aqueous conditions ranges from 0.0006(3) when the compound is bound to bovine serum albumin to 0.017(1) when present as a zinc complex in a 1 : 1 DMSO : H2O solution. Overall, the results of these studies demonstrate that 2a is a predictable visible light-induced CO release compound under a variety of aqueous conditions, including in the presence of proteins.

The paper discusses the organization and implementation of waste management activities based on territorial waste management schemes. The territorial waste management schemes of Vologda Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast, and Arkhangelsk Oblast (Russia) were analyzed and compared. The sources of municipal solid waste formation, their composition, and hazard class were considered. The authors propose a new approach for comprising the territorial waste management schemes. The obtained results can be used when adjusting territorial schemes, establishing differential standards for the accumulation of solid municipal waste.

The study results of the copper alloying effect on the microstructure and thermal coefficient of linear expansion (TCLE) of high aluminum alloys for special purposes based on the Al – (20÷30)% Si system are presented. It was found that alloy building of Al – 20% Si with copper in large quantities eliminates the linear expansion anomaly characteristic to the binary alloy and leads to a significant decrease in the thermal expansion coefficient over the entire temperature range of the tests. It was shown that Al–30%Si–20÷40% Cu alloys have stable TCLE in the low-temperature test interval. Metallographic analysis of high alloys showed that copper introduced in amounts of more than 20% contributes to a change in the morphology of the silicon phase and triple eutectic.

A series of piston hypereutectic silumins based on Al – (15 ÷ 20) % Si alloyed with copper, magnesium, nickel, and chromium was studied. The alloys were modified with phosphorus and hydrogen-containing reagents to increase the deformability and mechanical properties. The experimental ingots, cast in the steel mold, had dimensions: diameter 190 mm, height 500-550 mm, weight 32-40 kg. The mechanical properties and temperature coefficient of linear expansion (TCLE) of the experimental ingots and forgings made from them are determined. Temporary tensile strength and relative elongation of deformed ingots from hypereutectic silumins were 227-306 MPa and 5.7-7.5%, respectively. The optimal heat treatment of deformed silumins was determined: quenching with step heating and aging, which allows the strength of forgings to be increased up to 370-470 MPa. Moreover, the ductility indicators remain at a high level, and the average TCLE of the alloys is (18.0 ÷ 19.2) ·10−6 К−1 in the range of 50 ÷ 200 °C.

Hybrid carriers were successfully synthesized by chemically binding OH-terminated fourth generation poly(amido amine) dendrimer and folic acid on graphene oxide (GO) with a size of 100 nm, and their drug carrier ability was compared with hybrids of 1500 nm GO. The small hybrid carriers possessed a 1.3 times lower loading capacity (1.43 g/g(GO)) for doxorubicin (DOX) than the large hybrid carriers. However, the amount (86%) of DOX released at pH 5.5 from the small hybrids after 72 h was 1.14 times larger than from the large hybrids. This difference could be due to the extent of π–π interaction between DOX and the graphitic domain on GO. In vitro MTT assays revealed that the small hybrids led to higher cell viability than 63% at 0.75 μg/ml in HeLa human cervical cancer cells. An investigation of the intracellular uptake of hybrid carriers revealed the efficient internalization of small hybrids in the HeLa cells (97% at 62.5 mg/ml). Taken together, these results indicate that the small hybrids consisting of 100 nm GO carrier can successfully load and deliver the anticancer drug DOX into HeLa cells. In the carriers, dendrimer had a role of stable suspension of the hybrids in water, and folic acid acted as an effective anchoring of the hybrids on HeLa cells. The present investigation highlights the potential use of these hybrid materials as nanocarriers with high loading and releasing efficiency for the delivery of anticancer drugs to tumor cells.

This paper analyses effects of boiling treatment of aluminum alloys (Al–(5-10)% Cu and Al–(5-10)% Si) in oxidizing atmosphere on their microstructure, hydrogen content and coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLE). Boiling treatment was conducted in water solutions of KMnO4and KOH. Following an increase of boiling time from 15 to 75 hours hydrogen content in alloys first increases and then decreases which correlates with the dynamics of alloys’ microstructure and their coefficient of linear expansion. This study shows that atmosphere with high oxygen content induces acceleration of diffusion processes in aluminum alloys. If boiling time does not exceed 30 hours, hydrogen content in solid solution and etchability of grain boundaries of α-solid solution decrease and intermediate phases get partially dissolved. In our empirical study we demonstrated that boiling treatment of aluminum alloys in oxidizing atmosphere in the range of test temperatures 50-450°С leads to a reduction of the coefficient of linear expansion. The decrease of the coefficient of linear expansion is especially strong in the temperature range of 250-350°С. In particular, after boiling treatment of alloys Al–(5-10)% Cu in oxidizing athmosphere in the temperature range of 50–250°С their coefficient of linear expansion goes down by 10-12%. For alloys Al–(5-10)% Si boiling has a stronger effect on the coefficient of linear expansion – in the temperature range 250-350°С the CLE of these alloys decreases by 24-28%.

The results of the influence of preliminary thermal cyclic deformation and subsequent hardening heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled sheet steel 10 are presented. It is shown that the use of preliminary thermal cyclic deformation of the steel 10 stock material results in a fine-grained structure of a hot-rolled sheet (3 mm thick) produced by an industrial technology. Deformation occurred at a temperature above AC3 (1250 °C), with cooling to 200-300 °C during 10 cycles and the deformation ratio per cycle being 6-8 %. Such a treatment before sheet hot-rolling allows increasing the strength characteristics (tensile strength, yield strength) by almost 30 %. It has been established that the use of subsequent heat treatment (quenching, 900 °C, water and tempering 1 h, 600 °C) leads to a further increase in strength characteristics by 15-20% while maintaining a sufficient level of ductility of sheet steel.

Europos Sąjunga pastaraisiais metais patyrė didžiausią pabėgėlių ir prieglobsčio prašytojų antplūdį, kuris tęsiasi iki šiol. Ši tema aktuali ir Lietuvai, nes valstybė įsipareigojo priimti 1105 prieglobsčio prašytojus iš Graikijos ir Turkijos, o jų sėkminga integracija priklauso nuo Vyriausybės priimtų įstatymų. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama tarptautinės prieglobsčio teisės koncepcija, analizuojami prieglobsčio gavėjų integracijos sistemos teisinio reguliavimo ypatumai Lietuvoje. Teisinių dokumentų analizė ir patirtis, dirbant su pabėgėliais, parodė esamos teorinės sistemos ir jos praktinio įgyvendinimo neatitikimą. Autorė atskleidžia pabėgėlių integracijos problemas, kai būtina reguliuoti visuomeninius santykius, tačiau nėra atitinkamos konkrečiam atvejui taikytinos teisinės normos. Kartu aptariami Lietuvos integracijos politikos prioritetai ir teisiniai dokumentai, tačiau pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas valstybės paramos prieglobsčio gavėjų integracijai, teikimo tvarkos aprašo teorinei analizei ir, remiantis praktine patirtimi, jo įgyvendinimo priemonėms. Analizė atskleidė, kad pabėgėlių integracijos priemonių įgyvendinimas apsunkinamas dėl ilgalaikės pabėgėlių integracijos politikos Lietuvoje nebuvimo, valstybinio ir privačiojo sektoriaus bendradarbiavimo stokos bei visuomenėje vyraujančių neigiamų nuostatų, todėl nebėra ryšio tarp teisinių normų ir visuomeninių santykių, tai būtina reguliuoti. In recent years the European Union has experienced an unprecedented influx of refugees and asylum seekers that has continued up until now. This issue is relevant to Lithuania as well, since the country has committed to host 1105 asylum seekers from Greece and Turkey, and their successful integration to large extent depends on legislation adopted by the Government. The present article analyses the concept of the international asylum law and the peculiarities of legal regulation of the refugee integration system in Lithuania. Both the analysis of legislative documents and experience in working with refugees has disclosed a gap between the existing theoretical system and its implementation in practice. The author discloses the problems of the refugee integration, when regulation of the social relationships is required; however there is no relevant legal norm that could be applicable in a particular case. The article also discusses the priorities and regulatory documents of the Lithuanian policy on integration; however the main focus is made on the theoretical analysis of the Description of the Procedure for Providing State Support for the Refugee Integration and – referring to the practical experience – on insights into its implementation measures. The analysis has disclosed that implementation of the refugee integration measures is hindered due to lack of a long-term policy on the refugee integration in Lithuania, lack of collaboration between the state and private sector and prevalent negative attitudes in the society; the above factors result in loss of interrelation between the legal norms and the social relationships that are to be regulated.

The problem of constructing a dual cone of a convex polyhedral cone arises in many mathematical and applied researches. In the paper the method of constructing the dual cone to the acute convex polyhedral cone in R3 is proposed. The Householder transformation, creating a convex hull on the plane and projecting the point lying on the z-axis onto a corresponding face are the basic operations which we used.

The development of low-cost, efficient, and robust electrocatalysts of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a crucial step toward the conversion and storage of sustainable and carbon-neutral energy resources, such as solar energy. Not only the HER catalysts need to be composed of inexpensive elements, they are also desirable to be prepared at low energy cost. In this work, we report that nickel-sulfide (Ni-S) films prepared by facile potentiodynamic deposition are active HER catalysts in aqueous media. Notably, the Ni-S films showed catalytic activity in water with a wide range of pH values (0 to 14), as well as in natural water. In pH 7 phosphate buffer, a current density of 60 mA cm-2 could be achieved with a Tafel slope of 77 mV dec-1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 100%. A long-term bulk electrolysis of the Ni-S film exhibited steady current over 100 h with no deactivation, demonstrating its superior stability in neutral water. Further, an initial activation process was observed, which is likely due to the increase in the effective surface area of the Ni-S film under electrocatalytic conditions. A suite of characterization techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, were conducted to probe the composition and structure of the Ni-S film, revealing that its major component is Ni3S2 which was preserved under electrocatalytic conditions.

Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Tanalyk River valley (Trans-Uralian area, Bashkortostan Republic, Russia) between the Late Pleistocene and the Late Holocene has been established through biostratigraphic investigations. The Tanalyk Bronze Age settlement is located on the first overflood terrace of the Tanalyk River. From the base to the top, this terrace consists of fluvial and lacustrine deposits of the Tabulda horizon, water-slope deposits of the Kudashevo horizon (Late Pleistocene), and subaerial deposits of the Middle and Upper Holocene. During the Late Pleistocene, open landscapes covered by herbs- Artemisia -Chenopodiaceae meadow-steppe associations with Ephedra sp. admixture dominated. Betula and Pinus forests grew in small areas. Picea with Polypodiaceae understory grew in humid valleys. The climate was warm and dry during the Tabulda and cold during the Kudashevo. The subaerial Holocene deposits (soil and cultural layer) were correlated with the Boreal and Subboreal periods of the Blytt–Sernander scale. The late Subboreal climate was cold and dry. The vegetation of this period was represented by Artemisia-Chenopodiaceae steppe and by small Pinus forests with Betula, Tilia and Alnus . The climate of the Subatlantic was wet at the beginning and drier at the end. The vegetation of this period was represented mainly by the Artemisia steppe associations. Small mammals, and land and freshwater mollusc remains have been discovered in the same deposits and complete the palaeoecological characteristic of these periods. A cultural layer has been dated at 2830 ± 110 BP LU-3713 on bones of Equus sp. Numerous Holocene large mammal remains have been found in the cultural layer deposits, dated to Subboreal-3. The large Holocene mammal fauna is constituted of eurybiotic species and species of semi-open landscapes. Bone remains of domestic animals dominate in the collection. Pastoral farming constituted the base of the economy of this ancient people, and the role of hunting was small. The investigated area is now covered by the waters of the Tanalyk water reservoir.

Aliphatic oxidative carbon-carbon bond cleavage reactions involving Cu(II) catalysts and O2 as the terminal oxidant are of significant current interest. However, little is currently known regarding how the nature of the Cu(II) catalyst, including the anions present, influence the reaction with O2. In previous work, we found that exposure of the Cu(II) chlorodiketonate complex [(6-Ph2TPA)Cu(PhC(O)CClC(O)Ph)]ClO4 (1) to O2 results in oxidative aliphatic carbon-carbon bond cleavage within the diketonate unit, leading to the formation of benzoic acid, benzoic anhydride, benzil, and 1,3-diphenylpropanedione as organic products. Kinetic studies of this reaction revealed a slow induction phase followed by a rapid decay of the absorption features of 1. Notably, the induction phase is not present when the reaction is performed in the presence of a catalytic amount of chloride anion. In the studies presented herein, a combination of spectroscopic (UV-vis, EPR) and density functional theory (DFT) methods have been used to examine the chloride and benzoate ion binding properties of 1 under anaerobic conditions. These studies provide evidence that each anion coordinates in an axial position of the Cu(II) center. DFT studies reveal that the presence of the anion in the Cu(II) coordination sphere decreases the barrier for O2 activation and the formation of a Cu(II)-peroxo species. Notably, the chloride anion more effectively lowers the barrier associated with O-O bond cleavage. Thus, the nature of the anion plays an important role in determining the rate of reaction of the diketonate complex with O2. The same type of anion effects were observed in the O2 reactivity of the simple Cu(II)-bipyridine complex [(bpy)Cu(PhC(O)C(Cl)C(O)Ph)ClO4] (3).

A combination of corrosion resistance, low specific gravity, and high dimensional stability over a wide temperature range is necessary for alloys for special purpose. The dimensional stability is determined, first of all, by the low temperature coefficient of linear expansion (TCLE). The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of melt treatment on TCLE of aluminum alloys for special purpose on the basis of the system Al-(11?40)%Si. It is shown that melt treatment with an aqueous solution of CuSO4 and modification of melt with a mixture of (CaCO3?MgCO3) leads to the decrease in TCLE for all alloys under consideration in the low-temperature test interval ttest = 50?150 ?C. Treatment of the melt by CO(NH2)2 vapours leads to the decrease of TCLE of alloys Al-40%Si in the whole temperature range from 50 to 450 ?C. For high silicon alloys it is established that the decrease in TCLE occurs in the interval ttest = 350?450?C after additional heat treatment

Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas socialinio darbo profesionalizacijos aspektas, atitinkantis naujus iššūkius pasaulio visuomenei, kuriuos kelia pabėgėlių migracija. Pabėgėlių problema Europos Sąjungoje pastaruoju metu tapo viena svarbių socialinių problemų. Dėl politinės situacijos Afrikoje, Pietų Europos šalys jau nebepajėgia suvaldyti pabėgėlių srautų. Šią problemą bando spręsti ES parlamentas. Lietuva turi būti pasirengusi padėti šią problemą spręsti. Šalis, kuri priima pabėgėlius, turi turėti ne tik teisinį šio proceso reglamentą, bet ir specialistų, kurie užtikrintų sėkmingą pabėgėlių adaptavimąsi. Straipsnio autorės, remdamosi empirinių tyrimų, kurie atlikti Lietuvoje 2011–2014 metais, rezultatais, atskleidžia pabėgėlių poreikių raišką ir socialinio darbo galimybes tenkinant tuos poreikius socialinių paslaugų kontekste Lietuvoje. Tai turimos patirties pristatymas. Šis straipsnis gali padėti įvertinti situaciją ir Lietuvos galimybes, kas laukia visuomenės padedant spręsti šiandienos pabėgėlių problemą Europos Sąjungoje. Kartu aptariamas dar vienas socialinio darbo profesijos identiteto aspektas, atskleidžiantis socialinio darbuotojo kompetencijų raišką besikeičiančioje visuomenėje, jo gebėjimą veikti neapibrėžtose situacijose. This article presents the aspect of the social work professionalization which responds to the new challenges of a global society that is the refugee migration. The refugee problem in the European Union has recently become one of the important social problems. Due to the political situation in Africa South European countries are already unable to manage the daily flow of refugees. EU Parliament is trying to solve this problem. Lithuania has to be ready to solve this problem as well. The country which receives refugees not only has to have the legal regulation of this process, but also the professionals who could ensure the success of their adaptation. The authors, using different empirical research materials which were conducted in Lithuania in the years 2011–2014, reveal the depth of the needs and the possibilities of the social work services while implementing these needs in the context of social services in Lithuania. This is the presentation of the experience available. This article can help you to assess the situation and the opportunities that are ahead for the Lithuanian society when helping to solve the problem of today’s refugees in the European Union. At the same time this article reveals one more aspect of the identity in the social work profession, revealing the depth of the social worker’s competencies in a changing society and his ability to operate in unspecified situations.