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In Argentina, wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are represented by wild boars and feral pigs. These populations inhabit a wide territory due to natural dispersion and human translocation. Previous studies in other countries have detected crossbreeding between the different morphotypes, even with domestic pigs. This crossing can lead to introgression of improved traits in the wild population, which would increase the invasive potential and, therefore, the damage to native ecosystems. The aim of this work was to obtain the patterns of genetic variability throughout its current distribution in Argentina, in order to elucidate genetic relationships between wild boar and feral pig populations through the molecular marker control region. For this purpose, studies of genetic variability and population structure were carried out using 377 sequences from Argentinian wild pigs. The high values of haplotype and nucleotide diversity (Hd = 0.866 and π = 0.00959) obtained, and the cluster analyses (SAMOVA and BAPS) could indicate mixing between wild pigs and/or with domestic pigs. The star-like shapes observed in the haplotype network and neutral tests (Fu’s Fs and Tajima’s D) are consistent with a recent population expansion, supporting previous reports that indicate crossbreeding increases invasive potential.

Unprecedented cavity nesting among falconids: a Chimango Caracaras (Milvago chimango) population using Borruwing Parrots (Cyanoliseus patagonus) nests in Patagonia Argentina. The Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango) is the most abundant member of raptor assemblages from Paraguay and Bolivia to the southern tip of Argentina. In Argentinian Patagonia we studied nesting and other biological aspects of a Chimango Caracaras population that exploits cavities built by marine psittacines, in a unique ornithological assemblage: 12 km of sea cliffs with 37,000 active nests of Burrowing Parrots (Cyanoliseus patagonus). During 56 days we assessed a total of 18 active Chimango Caracaras nests (11 in 2014 and 7 in 2015). All nests contained plant material inside and had some structure to facilitate landing and perching. Most were located in the upper third of the cliff and had a single entrance mouth. The average distance to the nearest nest in the same breeding season was 108.9 m ± SD 90.90 m. We document in detail for the first time the construction of Chimango Caracaras nests inside cavities. Our results document a new breeding substrate for this species and a nesting behaviour unique among falconids, which could be interpreted as evidence of adaptability and plasticity of Chimango Caracaras.

This study presents the molecular detection of

Fil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Marfil, María Jimena. Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Cs Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, 1427 Buenos Aires, Argentina Fil: La Sala, Luciano. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), 8000 Bahı ́a Blanca, Argentina Fil: Suarez, Marcos. Laboratorio de Enfermedades Exóticas, Dirección de Laboratorios y Control Técnico, SENASA, ACD1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina Fil: Maidana, Celia. Laboratorio de Enfermedades Exóticas, Dirección de Laboratorios y Control Técnico, SENASA, ACD1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina Fil: Rodriguez, Carlos. Laboratorio de Enfermedades Exóticas, Dirección de Laboratorios y Control Técnico, SENASA, ACD1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina Fil: Mesplet, María. Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Cs Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, 1427, Buenos Aires, Argentina Fil: Abate, Sergio Damián. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina Fil: Rosas, Carolina. Endangered Species and Environments Restoration Program, Rewilding Argentina Foundation, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina Fil: Peña Martinez, Jorge. Endangered Species and Environments Restoration Program, Rewilding Argentina Foundation, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina Fil: Barandarian, Soledad. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1427, Buenos Aires, Argentina Swine coronaviruses affecting pigs have been studied sporadically in wildlife. In Argentina, epi demiological surveillance of TGEV/PRCV is conducted only in domestic pigs. The aim was to assess the prevalence of TGEV/PRCV in wild Suina. Antibodies against these diseases in wild boar and captive collared peccary were surveyed by ELISA. Antibodies against TGEV were found in three collared peccaries (n = 87). No TGEV/PRCV antibodies were detected in wild boar (n = 160). Preventive measures should be conducted in contact nodes where the transmission of agents may increase. Epidemiological surveillance in wildlife popu lations and in captive animals before their reintroduction should be attempted. Swine coronaviruses affecting pigs have been studied sporadically in wildlife. In Argentina, epi demiological surveillance of TGEV/PRCV is conducted only in domestic pigs. The aim was to assess the prevalence of TGEV/PRCV in wild Suina. Antibodies against these diseases in wild boar and captive collared peccary were surveyed by ELISA. Antibodies against TGEV were found in three collared peccaries (n = 87). No TGEV/PRCV antibodies were detected in wild boar (n = 160). Preventive measures should be conducted in contact nodes where the transmission of agents may increase. Epidemiological surveillance in wildlife popu lations and in captive animals before their reintroduction should be attempted.

Plastic debris is of particular concern due to its abundance, and its persistence in the environment. In Argentina, the impact of plastic debris has been documented with a significant increase during the last years. However, evidence of debris ingestion remains low compared to other regions of the world. Between 2020 and 2022, one of the twenty-three individuals analyzed in this study (seven species: five birds and two marine mammals) had ingested plastic debris. A single macroplastic piece was found in the Great Grebe (Podiceps major). It was a hardy yellow elastic band that appears to be a packaging band in agreement with the debris category with the greatest number of reports. This study is a contribution to the few records of plastic ingestion in birds, on the east coast of South America.

Trichinella spp. causes human trichinellosis by means of the consumption of raw or inadequately treated meat from domestic or game animals. In the Americas, as well as in other continents, Trichinella infection is a health issue for humans and has a negative impact on the pork meat market, generated by people’s fear of becoming infected with the parasite. The distribution of human cases and the sources of this disease in humans and animals were analysed in this report, which summarizes the information available regarding Trichinella infection in animals and humans in South America. Within South America, human infection with Trichinella was documented in Argentina and Chile during the period 2005–2019. Trichinellosis is endemic in these countries for, with human cases and foci in domestic and wild animals. In Argentina, human cases occur throughout the country, with foci found in pigs and wild animals. In Argentina, during the period 2012–2018, the number of suspected human cases reached 6,662. T. spiralis was identified in one South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) from Patagonia, Argentina, for the first time in the region in 2018. In Chile, 258 human cases of trichinellosis were confirmed during the period 2005–2015; out of those 258 cases, most samples which tested positive for Trichinella spp. (29.5 %) were detected in the Metropolitan district (Santiago de Chile and outskirts), and 17.4 % in The Lake district. Regarding age brackets, people between 30–49 years of age showed the most cases (40.1 %). In Brazil, the infection is absent in domestic species but it has been found in wild boars (Sus scrofa) but limited to one or more region of the country. Within the animal species destined for food in South America, those that showed higher parasitical loads were pigs and wild boars, while armadillos (Chaetophractus villosus) and peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) showed very low Trichinella spp. larvae loads (0.04−0.1 larvae/g). Antibodies against Trichinella spp. have been detected in pigs from Ecuador and Bolivia. In Bolivia, antibodies were also found in humans. Peru, Colombia and Uruguay have no documented presence of Trichinella spp. in animals and humans. There is insufficient information regarding the presence of Trichinella spp. in domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans, since only a very limited number of surveys have been carried out. No papers with information on Trichinella spp. circulating in animals or humans have been published regarding the situation in Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Venezuela and Paraguay. Considering the growth of the guinea pig meat market in the Andean region, and the high prevalence of the disease reported in free range pigs and wild boars, as well as other game animal species, it is important to focus on the role of biosecurity and risk management, while improving meat market regulations, and detection of infection prior to consumption, in order to reduce the risk of transmission of this zoonotic disease to humans.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease caused mainly by the Mycobacterium bovis and that is endemic to livestock populations in most Latin American countries. Traditionally, bTB control programs are costly and targeted to cattle, largely disregarding other species such as swine and wildlife. According to official services, in Argentina disease prevalence in pigs is comparable to that observed in cattle, suggesting the need for efficient control programs to manage the disease in both species. Additionally, extensive farming systems, which are commonly practiced in Argentina, allow the interaction between livestock and wildlife such as wild boar (Sus scrofa), which is considered a natural host of the disease. Here, we evaluated the bTB pigs- cattle interface, studying the dynamics of M. bovis isolates in the pig population and identifying farm-level epidemiological variables associated with the disease confirmation at slaughterhouses. Additionally, to assess the potential multi-host systems in the transmission of bTB, the molecular characterization of wild boar mycobacterial strains was included in the study, as this interaction has not been previously evaluated in this region. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between farm-level epidemiological variables (location, farm size, and co-existence with cattle and goats) and bTB confirmation in pig tuberculosis-like lesions samples. Results showed that when cattle were present, the odds of bTB in pigs decreased 0.3 or 0.6% for every additional sow when cattle were present or absent in the farm, respectively. Pigs shared 60% (18/30) of the genotypes with cattle and wild boar, suggesting transmission at the interface between pigs and cattle and highlighting the potential role of wild boar in bTB maintenance. These results provide novel information about the molecular diversity of M. bovis strains in pigs in Argentina and proposes the potential relevance of a multi-host system in the epidemiology of bTB in the region. The statistical models presented here may be used in the design of a low cost, abattoir-based surveillance program for bTB in the pig industry in Argentina, with potential extension to other settings with similar epidemiological conditions. Instituto de Biotecnología Fil: Barandiaran, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; Argentina Fil: Barandiaran, Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Marfil, Maria Jimena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina Fil: Capobianco, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca; Argentina Fil: Capobianco, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Matemática. Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca; Argentina Fil: Perez Aguirreburualde, María Sol. University of Minnesota. College of Veterinary Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Zumarraga, Martin Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Zumarraga, Martin Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Eirin, Maria Emilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Eirin, Maria Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Cuerda, Maria Ximena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Cuerda, Maria Ximena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro; Argentina Fil: Martinez Vivot, Marcela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina Fil: Pérez, Andrés Maximiliano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina Fil: Pérez, Andrés Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: La Sala, Luciano Francisco. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; Argentina Fil: La Sala, Luciano Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; Argentina

Fil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Ribicich, Mabel M. Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias,Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias / Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA) (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Perera, Nelida. Unidad Regional de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental Zona Atlántica-Laboratorio de Zoonosis, provincia de Río Negro, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina Fil: Corominas, María Jose. Unidad Regional de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental Zona Atlántica-Laboratorio de Zoonosis, provincia de Río Negro, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina Fil: Mancini, Sergio. Unidad Regional de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental Zona Atlántica-Laboratorio de Zoonosis, provincia de Río Negro, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina Fil: Carrión Andretich, Martín. Frigorífico Social San Javier. Instituto de Desarrollo del Valle Inferior (IDEVI), Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Abate, Sergio Damián. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Avilá, Agustín. Unidad Regional de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental Zona Atlántica-Laboratorio de Zoonosis, provincia de Río Negro, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina Report of negative results to Trichinella spp. by artificial digestion in domestic pigs of the lower valley of the Negro River, Argentine Patagonia. Currently the Trichinella genus consists of 10 species and 3 genotypes. Transmission occurs only through ingestion of infected muscle tissue. Between the potential hosts there is a domestic cycle and a wild cycle with possible constant feedback between both. Since 2017, the operation of the San Javier Social Slaughterhouse, in the lower valley of the Río Negro, allows producers to access a safe operation that also provides guarantees to the consumer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of L1 larvae larvae of Trichinella spp. in domestic pigs from small and medium-scale farms. 10 grams of diaphragm from each domestic pig were analyzed by the artificial digestion method, forming pools of up to 10 animals. In total 942 domestic pigs were negative for the presence of L1 larvae of Trichinella spp. However, it should be borne in mind that production systems with the characteristics from which the analyzed animals come, would potentially be exposed to the feedback of Trichinella spp. from wildlife. Then, it is necessary to guarantee veterinary control in the slaughter of pigs and game prey and to support surveillance, updating and promotion actions in relation to the prevention of trichinellosis. Actualmente, el género Trichinella está constituido por 10 especies y 3 genotipos. La transmisión ocurre únicamente por ingestión de tejido muscular infectado. Entre los potenciales hospedadores se conforma un ciclo doméstico y un ciclo silvestre con posible retroalimentación constante entre ambos. Desde el año 2017 el funcionamiento del Matadero Social de San Javier, en el valle inferior del río Negro, permite a productores acceder a una faena segura que además brinde garantías al consumidor. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la presencia de larvas L1 de Trichinella spp. en porcinos domésticos procedentes de criaderos de pequeña y mediana escala. Se analizaron por el método de digestión artificial 10 gramos de diafragma de cada porcino doméstico, conformando pooles de hasta 10 animales. En total 942 porcinos domésticos resultaron negativos a la presencia de larvas L1 de Trichinella spp. No obstante debe tenerse presente que sistemas de producción con las características de los que provienen los animales analizados, estarían potencialmente expuestos a la retroalimentación de Trichinella spp. desde la fauna silvestre. En este marco, resulta necesario garantizar el control veterinario en la faena de porcinos y presas de caza y sostener acciones de vigilancia, actualización y promoción en relación a la prevención de la triquinelosis.

Fil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica; Argentina Fil: Winter, Marina. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN); Argentina Fil: Pasqualetti, Mariana I. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; Argentina Fil: Pasqualetti, Mariana I. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA); Argentina Fil: Pasqualetti, Mariana I. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Fariña, Fernando A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; Argentina Fil: Fariña, Fernando A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Fariña, Fernando A. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA); Argentina Fil: Ercole, Mariano E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; Argentina Fil: Failla, Mauricio. Proyecto Patagonia Noreste; Argentina Fil: Failla, Mauricio. Museo Provincial Patagónico de Ciencias Naturales Juan Carlos Salgado; Argentina Fil: Perello, Mario C. Fundación Félix de Azara; Argentina Fil: Birochio, Diego E. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica; Argentina Fil: Birochio, Diego E. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro; Argentina Fil: Abate, Sergio D. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica; Argentina Fil: Abate, Sergio D. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia; Argentina Fil: Soricetti, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica; Argentina Fil: Soricetti, Mariano. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia; Argentina Fil: Ribicich, Mabel M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias; Argentina Fil: Ribicich, Mabel M. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA); Argentina Fil: Ribicich, Mabel M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Trichinellosis is a food-borne parasitic disease produced by different nematodes of the genus Trichinella. In Argentina, it is an endemic zoonosis and an important public health problem. The infection has been detected in domestic and wild animals. Trichinella spp. muscle larvae have anaerobic metabolism, which allows their survival in decaying tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Trichinella spp. in carnivorous and/or scavenger wild vertebrates - birds, mammals and reptiles - in northeastern Argentine Patagonia. Skeletal muscle samples from 141 animals, which were found killed on northeastern Argentine Patagonia roads, were analyzed by the artificial digestion method. None of the 141 samples were positive for larvae of Trichinella. These results suggest that Trichinella does not use these species to complete its cycle in this region of the continent and the absence of a significant alteration in the study area makes it difficult to transmit parasitic diseases. However, due to the limited number of samples assessed for some species, this could not be confirmed. The relevance of this study resides in the fact that it is the first systematic study in South America that considers birds, reptiles and mammals as potential hosts for Trichinella. Trichinellosis is a food-borne parasitic disease produced by different nematodes of the genus Trichinella. In Argentina, it is an endemic zoonosis and an important public health problem. The infection has been detected in domestic and wild animals. Trichinella spp. muscle larvae have anaerobic metabolism, which allows their survival in decaying tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Trichinella spp. in carnivorous and/or scavenger wild vertebrates - birds, mammals and reptiles - in northeastern Argentine Patagonia. Skeletal muscle samples from 141 animals, which were found killed on northeastern Argentine Patagonia roads, were analyzed by the artificial digestion method. None of the 141 samples were positive for larvae of Trichinella. These results suggest that Trichinella does not use these species to complete its cycle in this region of the continent and the absence of a significant alteration in the study area makes it difficult to transmit parasitic diseases. However, due to the limited number of samples assessed for some species, this could not be confirmed. The relevance of this study resides in the fact that it is the first systematic study in South America that considers birds, reptiles and mammals as potential hosts for Trichinella.

Fil: De Maio, Federico Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Río Negro, Argentina Fil: De Maio, Federico Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Río Negro, Argentina Fil: Winter, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Abate, Sergio Damián. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Río Negro, Argentina Fil: Birochio, Diego Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Río Negro, Argentina Fil: Iglesias, Nestor Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Buenos Aires. Argentina. Fil: Iglesias, Nestor Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Barrio, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Barrio, Daniel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Río Negro, Argentina Fil: Bellusci, Carolina Paula. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Río Negro, Argentina Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is a recognized pathogen of domestic swine that is widely distributed around the world. PCMV is the etiological agent of inclusion body rhinitis and has also been associated with other diseases that cause substantial losses in swine production. Wild boar populations can act as reservoirs of numerous infectious agents that affect pig livestock, including PCMV. The aim of this work was to assess the circulation of this virus in free-living wild boars that inhabit Northeastern Patagonia (Buenos Aires and Río Negro Provinces), Argentina. Nested-PCR assays were conducted to evaluate the presence of PCMV in samples of tonsil tissue collected from 62 wild boar individuals. It was found that the overall rate of infection was about 56%, with significant higher values (almost 90%) in the age group corresponding to piglets (animals less than 6 months old). In addition, a seasonal variation was observed in the PCMV detection rate, with an increase during the transition from summer to autumn. In conclusion, this study confirmed that wild boars are major carriers and dispersal agents of PCMV in Northeastern Patagonia, which raises the necessity to evaluate the extent to which this virus affects local livestock production. El citomegalovirus porcino (CMVP) es un reconocido patógeno de los cerdos domésticos y cuenta con una amplia distribución mundial. Es el agente etiológico de la rinitis por cuerpos de inclusión y también se lo ha asociado con otras enfermedades que causan pérdidas sustanciales en la producción porcina. Las poblaciones de jabalíes pueden actuar como reservorios de numerosos agentes infecciosos que afectan al ganado porcino, incluido el CMVP. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la circulación de este virus en jabalíes de vida libre que habitan en la región noreste de la Patagonia argentina, en las provincias de Buenos Aires y Río Negro. Se realizaron ensayos de PCR anidada para evaluar la presencia de CMVP en muestras de tejido de amígdalas tomadas de 62 jabalíes. Se encontró que la tasa general de infección fue de aproximadamente el 56%, con valores significativamente más altos (casi el 90%) en el grupo de edad correspondiente a los lechones (animales con menos de 6 meses). Además, se observó una variación estacional en la tasa de detección de CMVP, con un incremento durante la transición de verano a otoño. En conclusión, este estudio confirmó que los jabalíes son importantes portadores y agentes de dispersión del CMVP en el noreste patagónico, lo cual plantea la necesidad de evaluar en qué medida este virus afecta la producción ganadera local.

Incluye contenido parcial de los autores Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a speciesto become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonna-tive habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this dataset, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposeda geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into theNeotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced recordson alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 speciesbelonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotrop-ics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Floridain the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 coun-tries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g.,Callithrixsp.,Myocastor coypus,Nasua nasua)considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The mostnumerous species in terms of records are fromBossp. (n=37,782),Sus scrofa(n=6,730), andCanis familiaris(n=10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caf-fer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of spe-cies in the data set (n=20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomicidentification of the generaCallithrix,which includes the speciesCallithrix aurita, Callithrixflaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, andtheir hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion riskassessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copy-right restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We alsorequest that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) was introduced in many countries of the world and is recognized as carrier of many infectious diseases. Wild game meat consumption is recognized as a source of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii and Trichinella spp. in free-range wild boars in Northeastern Argentine Patagonia. Between 2014 and 2018, 144 blood samples and 423 muscle samples from 423 carcasses were collected. To detect T. gondii IgG, 144 sera were processed by an immunofluorescent antibody test, and to detect anti-Trichinella IgG, 125 sera and 304 muscle juice samples were processed by ELISA. Detection of first stage larvae in muscle was performed by artificial digestion . A total of 423 wild boars muscle samples were negative to Trichinella spp. by artificial digestion. Antibodies to Trichinella spp. were detected in 2.4% (3/125) of serum samples and in 1.64% (5/304) of meat juice samples. Antibodies to T. gondii infection were detected in 12.5% (18/144) of the serum samples. This is the first study to reveal the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in wild boars from Argentina. The present results suggest that consumption of raw or undercooked wild boar meat could represent a potential source risk for toxoplasmosis in humans and that Trichinella spp. is infrequent and/or that it circulates in low burdens among wild boars in Northeastern Patagonia., Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología

Fil: Pisano, Belén M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología‘Dr. J. M. Vanella’; Argentina Fil: Pisano, Belén M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; Argentina Fil: Winter, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Winter, Marina. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia; Argentina Fil: Raimondo, Natalia. Laboratorio de Virología y biología molecular, LACE; Argentina Fil: Martinez-Wassaf, Maribel G. Laboratorio de Virología y biología molecular, LACE; Argentina Fil: Abate, Sergio D. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; Argentina Fil: Abate, Sergio D. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Abate, Sergio D. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia; Argentina Fil: Ré, Viviana E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología‘Dr. J. M. Vanella’; Argentina Fil: Ré, Viviana E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Background: The hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis worldwide. In Europe, wild boars are known to be viral reservoirs and sources of infection. In South America, there is a lack of information about HEV in these animals. Methods: A total of 102 wild boar serum samples from Argentina (2014–2017) were studied for serological and molecular HEV detection. Results: We obtained a seroprevalence of 19.6%, similar to that recently described in Uruguay (the only antecedent in South America). HEV ribonucleic acid (RNA) was amplified in two anti-HEV-positive samples. Conclusions: This is the first report of HEV circulation in wild boars from Argentina, adding evidence to the findings obtained in Uruguay indicating that wild boars could be viral reservoirs in South America.

This article presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of biostimulants Agrinos 1 and Agrinos 2, containing strains of microorganisms Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurinum, etc., as well as a complex of nutrients (macro-, microelements, protein, amino acids, chitin, chitosan) on the activation of metabolic processes and reduction of stress effects on strawberry plants obtained by in vitro method. The effectiveness of the reaction of biostimulants on the adaptive processes of growth and development of microplants of garden strawberry varieties Alba, Kemiya, Clery has been studied. In the course of the research, a positive effect of biological products on the growth of the vegetative mass of plants was established: an increase in the height of the plants compared to the control by 20-25%, the number of leaves by 25-28% and an increase in the root system of plants by 30-40%. In the Clery variety, the use of the biostimulants promoted the formation of the runners. In addition, the introduction of biostimulants into the soil contributed to the improvement of the quality indicators of the soil. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil increased by 18%.

Trichinella spp. causes human trichinellosis by means of the consumption of raw or inadequately treated meat from domestic or game animals. In the Americas, as well as in other continents, Trichinella infection is a health issue for humans and has a negative impact on the pork meat market, generated by people's fear of becoming infected with the parasite. The distribution of human cases and the sources of this disease in humans and animals were analysed in this report, which summarizes the information available regarding Trichinella infection in animals and humans in South America. Within South America, human infection with Trichinella was documented in Argentina and Chile during the period 2005-2019. Trichinellosis is endemic in these countries for, with human cases and foci in domestic and wild animals. In Argentina, human cases occur throughout the country, with foci found in pigs and wild animals. In Argentina, during the period 2012-2018, the number of suspected human cases reached 6,662. T. spiralis was identified in one South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) from Patagonia, Argentina, for the first time in the region in 2018. In Chile, 258 human cases of trichinellosis were confirmed during the period 2005-2015; out of those 258 cases, most samples which tested positive for Trichinella spp. (29.5%) were detected in the Metropolitan district (Santiago de Chile and outskirts), and 17.4% in The Lake district. Regarding age brackets, people between 30-49 years of age showed the most cases (40.1%). In Brazil, the infection is absent in domestic species but it has been found in wild boars (Sus scrofa) but limited to one or more region of the country. Within the animal species destined for food in South America, those that showed higher parasitical loads were pigs and wild boars, while armadillos (Chaetophractus villosus) and peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) showed very low Trichinella spp. larvae loads (0.04 - 0.1 larvae/g). Antibodies against Trichinella spp. have been detected in pigs from Ecuador and Bolivia. In Bolivia, antibodies were also found in humans. Peru, Colombia and Uruguay have no documented presence of Trichinella spp. in animals and humans. There is insufficient information regarding the presence of Trichinella spp. in domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans, since only a very limited number of surveys have been carried out. No papers with information on Trichinella spp. circulating in animals or humans have been published regarding the situation in Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Venezuela and Paraguay. Considering the growth of the guinea pig meat market in the Andean region, and the high prevalence of the disease reported in free range pigs and wild boars, as well as other game animal species, it is important to focus on the role of biosecurity and risk management, while improving meat market regulations, and detection of infection prior to consumption, in order to reduce the risk of transmission of this zoonotic disease to humans.

Trichinella spp. from a sylvatic cycle has been found in several animal species such as pumas (Puma concolor), armadillos (Chaetophractus villosus), rats (Rattus norvegicus), and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Argentina. Moreover, Trichinella infection has been detected in a wide range of marine mammals around the world, including polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). Until the present time, Trichinella spp. infection has not been detected in marine mammals of South America. Samples from four South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) found dead in Rio Negro, Argentina, were analyzed by artificial digestion, and in the case of one animal, Trichinella larvae were identified at the species level by nested multiplex PCR as Trichinella spiralis. This is the first report of a Trichinella species infecting marine mammals from South America. Fil: Pasqualetti, Mariana Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; Argentina Fil: Fariña, Fernando Adrián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; Argentina Fil: Krivokapich, Silvio Jesús. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”; Argentina Fil: Gatti, G. M.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud “Dr. C. G. Malbrán”; Argentina Fil: Daneri, Gustavo Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Varela, Esperanza Amalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Lucero, Sergio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Ercole, Mariano Emmanuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Bessi, Clara. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ribicich, Miriam Mabel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; Argentina