Author: "Marine Biological Association of the UK" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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141 results on '"Marine Biological Association of the UK"'

1. Diversification des activités de pêche en Manche : Etat des lieux et conditions de développement

Author: Ropars-Collet, Carole, Roussel, Fabien, Serazin, Thomas, Henichart, Laura Mars, Lesueur, Marie, Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Union Européenne, University of Plymouth, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), University of Portsmouth, Marine Biological Association of the UK, Sir Alister Hardy Fondation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS), University of Exeter, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, ALKANTE, FRA, Université de Haute Bretagne ( Rennes 2 ) (UR 2), Université des Sciences et Technologies (Lille 1) (USTL), University of Greenwich, University of Kent, Commanditaire : European Union (Belgium), Type de commanditaire ou d'auteur de la saisine : Organisations européennes, Partenaires : University of Plymouth, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Sir Alister Hardy Fondation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS), University of Exeter, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, ALKANTE, FRA, Université de Haute Bretagne ( Rennes 2 ) (UR 2), Université des Sciences et Technologies (Lille 1) (USTL), University of Greenwich, University of Kent, University of Portsmouth, Marine Biological Association of the UK, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Ce rapport présente les premiers résultats de l’étude menée par le Pôle halieutique dans le cadre de l’action 9.2 du programme CHARM3 (CHannel integrated Approach for marine Resource Management – phase 3). Les objectifs de cette action sont : de recenser et de décrire les pratiques de diversification mises en place par les pêcheurs sur le littoral de la Manche, d’analyser la propension des pêcheurs à s’engager dans cette voie, de déterminer les facteurs de blocage (limites sociales,économiques et juridiques) et de développement de cette stratégie. Une enquête auprès des pêcheurs a permis de recueillir les avis de 129 pêcheurs de la façade de la Manche dans les quartiers maritimes de Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dieppe, Fécamp, Le Havre, Cherbourg, Paimpol et Morlaix. Une seconde enquête menée auprès de 83 acteurs du secteur halieutique et du littoral (organisations professionnelles, collectivités, administration, tourisme, etc.) a permis d’apporter un point de vue extérieur, complémentaire à celui des pêcheurs
Published: 2011

2. Evidence of a range expansion in sunfish from 47 years of coastal sightings

Author: Lyashevska, Olga, Brophy, Deirdre, Wing, Steve, Johns, David G., Haberlin, Damien, Doyle, Thomas K., Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland, Cape Clear Bird Observatory, Birdwatch Ireland, Wicklow, Ireland, The Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth, UK, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, and Open Access funding provided by the IReL Consortium. This research was supported by a grant from the Irish Environmental Protection Agency (Ecosystem tipping points: learning from the past to manage for the future, project code 2015-NC-MS-3).
Subjects: Ecology, Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Jellyfish, Citizen science, Hurdle model, Aquatic Science, Dermochelys coriacea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mola mola, Muggiaea atlantica
Abstract: Almost nothing is known about the historical abundance of the ocean sunfish. Yet as an ecologically and functionally important taxa, understanding changes in abundance may be a useful indicator of how our seas are responding to anthropogenic changes including overfishing and climate change. Within this context, sightings from a coastal bird observatory (51.26$$^\circ$$ ∘ N, 9.30$$^\circ$$ ∘ W) over a 47 year period (from April to October 1971–2017) provided the first long-term index of sunfish abundance. Using a general linear mixed effect model with a hurdle to deal with imperfect detectability and to model trends, a higher probability of detecting sunfish was found in the 1990s and 2000s. Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) phytoplankton color indices and the annual mean position of the 13 $$^{\circ }$$ ∘ C sea surface isotherm were significantly correlated with the probability of detecting sunfish. An increase in siphonophore abundance (as measured by the CPR) was also documented. However, this increase occurred 10–15 years after the sunfish increase and was not significantly correlated with sunfish abundance. Our results suggest that the observed increase in sunfish sightings is evidence of a range expansion because it was significantly correlated with the mean position of the 13 $$^{\circ }$$ ∘ C isotherm which moved northwards by over 200 km. Furthermore, the observed increase in sunfish occured 10 years before sunfish sightings are documented in Icelandic and Norwegian waters, and was concurrent with well-known range expansions for other fish species during the 1990s. This study demonstrates how sustained citizen science projects can provide unique insights on the historical abundance of this enigmatic species.
Published: 2022

3. WGEUROBUS – Working Group 'Towards a EURopean OBservatory of the non-indigenous calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinUS'

Author: Leonid Svetlichny, Giacomo Zagami, Ibon Uriarte, Elena Hubareva, Soultana Zervoudaki, Natalia Bojanić, Marco Pansera, Davor Lučić, J. Falcão, F. Delpy, Alexandra Gubanova, R. Aiese Cigliano, Antonina Khanaychenko, M. Pagano, Josip Mikuš, S. Rožić, Marco Uttieri, Arantza Iriarte, Roberta Minutoli, Sónia Cotrim Marques, T. Damjanović, M. Brunetta, Ana Lígia Primo, Maria Grazia Mazzocchi, Alenka Goruppi, Alberto Amato, A. de Olazabal, G. Foti, M. L. Fernandez de Puelles, M. Wootton, I. Di Capua, O. Garbazey, Elisa Camatti, Isabella Percopo, Olja Vidjak, L. Aguzzi, Valentina Tirelli, Ylenia Carotenuto, Fernando Villate, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), CONISMA, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Sequentia Biotech SL, LIPID, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries, Marine Biological Association of the UK, Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida = University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA), Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Baleares Laboratory, Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Univ Dubrovnik, Inst Marine, Univ Dubrovnik, Dept Aquaculture, Univ Messina, Dept Chem,Pharmaceutical,Biological, Environm Sciences, Univ Coimbra, Dept Life Sci, Ctr Funct Ecol, Coimbra, Portugal, I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NASU, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Minist Environment, Zagreb, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), and Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/ EHU, Bilbao, Spain
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Manifesto, Ecology (disciplines), Pseudodiaptomus marinus, Distribution (economics), Distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, European seas, Indigenous, Pseudodiaptomus marinus, European seas, Distribution, Ecology, Molecular approaches, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Applied research, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, distribution, ecology, molecular approaches, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Copepod, Molecular approaches
Abstract: Since 2007, the non-indigenous calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913 has been increasingly recorded in numerous European sites, spreading at an unexpectedly fast pace over a short time-span. This species presents specific biological and behavioural traits which make it of particular interest for ecological and applied research topics. On 29–30 January 2018, 29 scientists from nine European Countries established the EUROBUS (Towards a EURopean OBservatory of the nonindigenous calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinUS) Working Group (WG). This WG aimed at creating a European network of institutions and researchers working on the various aspects of the biology and ecology of P. marinus, with an open forum where sharing experience and know-how among WG participants. This brought to an updated distribution map of P. marinus in European waters, as well as to the identification of priority research lines and potential joint initiatives under the WGEUROBUS umbrella. This contribution, stemming from the experts participating at the WG, represents the manifesto of the current and future initiatives developed within WGEUROBUS. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2020

4. The Evolution of Calcium-Based Signalling in Plants

Author: Elodie Marchadier, Jörg Kudla, Alistair M. Hetherington, Kai H. Edel, Colin Brownlee, Institut für biologie und biotechnologie der pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Bristol [Bristol], Marine Biological Association of the UK, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences (SOES-NOC), University of Southampton, and Leverhulme Trust Royal Society BBSRC BB/N001168/1 BB/J002364/1 BB/M02508X/1 European Research Council 670390 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FOR964 KU 931/14 Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Subjects: CRAC CHANNEL, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, PROTEIN-KINASES, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lineage (evolution), GUARD-CELLS, Vacuole, Biology, MITOCHONDRIAL CALCIUM, 01 natural sciences, Plant Physiological Phenomena, CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracellular, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Calcium Signaling, CYTOSOLIC-FREE CALCIUM, Calcium signaling, Ecology, VENUS FLYTRAP, food and beverages, Plants, ABSCISIC-ACID, Cell biology, Cytosol, 030104 developmental biology, Signalling, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Intracellular, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The calcium-based intracellular signalling system is used ubiquitously to couple extracellular stimuli to their characteristic intracellular responses. It is becoming clear from genomic and physiological investigations that while the basic elements in the toolkit are common between plants and animals, evolution has acted in such a way that, in plants, some components have diversified with respect to their animal counterparts, while others have either been lost or have never evolved in the plant lineages. In comparison with animals, in plants there appears to have been a loss of diversity in calcium-influx mechanisms at the plasma membrane. However, the evolution of the calcium-storing vacuole may provide plants with additional possibilities for regulating calcium influx into the cytosol. Among the proteins that are involved in sensing and responding to increases in calcium, plants possess specific decoder proteins that are absent from the animal lineage. In seeking to understand the selection pressures that shaped the plant calcium-signalling toolkit, we consider the evolution of fast electrical signalling. We also note that, in contrast to animals, plants apparently do not make extensive use of cyclic-nucleotide-based signalling. It is possible that reliance on a single intracellular second-messenger-based system, coupled with the requirement to adapt to changing environmental conditions, has helped to define the diversity of components found in the extant plant calcium-signalling toolkit.
Published: 2017

5. Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

Author: Rob Harcourt, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Xuelei Zhang, Fabien Roquet, Kosei Komatsu, Michelle Heupel, Clive McMahon, Fred Whoriskey, Mark Meekan, Gemma Carroll, Stephanie Brodie, Colin Simpfendorfer, Mark Hindell, Ian Jonsen, Daniel P. Costa, Barbara Block, Mônica Muelbert, Bill Woodward, Mike Weise, Kim Aarestrup, Martin Biuw, Lars Boehme, Steven J. Bograd, Dorian Cazau, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Steven J. Cooke, Paul Cowley, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Carlos Duarte, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Luciana C. Ferreira, Juan Fernández-Gracia, Kimberly Goetz, Yusuke Goto, Christophe Guinet, Mike Hammill, Graeme C. Hays, Elliott L. Hazen, Luis A. Hückstädt, Charlie Huveneers, Sara Iverson, Saifullah Arifin Jaaman, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Tim Moltmann, Masaru Naruoka, Lachlan Phillips, Baptiste Picard, Nuno Queiroz, Gilles Reverdin, Katsufumi Sato, David W. Sims, Eva B. Thorstad, Michele Thums, Anne M. Treasure, Andrew W. Trites, Guy D. Williams, Yoshinari Yonehara, Mike A. Fedak, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences [Australia], The University of Western Australia (UWA), First Institute of Oceanography [China], Equipe Physique de l'Ocean Austral (DMPA), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Ocean Tracking network, Dalhousie University, Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Environmental Research Division [USA], NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center [USA], James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), LaSIGE [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Faculdade de Ciências, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment [USA], Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Naval Research [USA], National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit (NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit), NERC, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d´Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), CSIC-UIB, IFISC, CSIRO Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre [Australia], Instituto de Fısica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences [Australia], School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Malaysia Institute of Oceanography, University of Malaysia, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Integrated Marine Observing System, Aeronautical Technology Directorate [Japan], Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology [Portugal], Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Fisheries Centre (Marine Mammal Research Unit), University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria, Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd [New Zealand], Marine Biological Association of the UK, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Universidade do Porto, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Home range, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Big data, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, movement analysis, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Telemetry, Ecosystem, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Animal telemetry, lcsh:Science, Animal movement, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, Abiotic component, Global and Planetary Change, geography, ocean observing, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, EOV, Sampling (statistics), animal movement, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, business, animal telemetry
Abstract: International audience; Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometers, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry, therefore, has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth's oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management.
Published: 2019

6. Status, trends and drivers of kelp forests in Europe: an expert assessment

Author: Ignacio Bárbara, A. Le Gal, Rita Araújo, Laurent Lévêque, Stein Fredriksen, R. Aguillar, Hendrik Schubert, Inka Bartsch, François Gevaert, Hartvig Christie, José M. Rico, Myriam Valero, Araceli Puente, Elisabeth M. A. Strain, Dominique Davoult, Isabel Sousa-Pinto, Jorge Assis, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Eli Rinde, Consolación Fernández, Laura Airoldi, Paulo J. Oliveira, Frédérique Viard, Trine Bekkby, Hege Gundersen, S. Derrien-Courtel, Nova Mieszkowska, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research [Matosinhos, Portugal] (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigaçao Marinha e Ambiental (CIMAR), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Centre of Marine Sciences [Faro] (CCMAR), University of Algarve [Portugal], OCEANA, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali and Dipartimento di Biologia (CIRSA), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BIGEA), Universidade da Coruña, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes (BOME), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences [Oslo], Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], University of Oviedo, University of Rostock, University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DIVersité et COnnectivité dans le paysage marin côtier (DIVCO), Dpt of Biology [Porto], Araújo, R.M, Assis, J., Aguillar, R., Airoldi, L., Bárbara, I., Bartsch, I., Bekkby, T., Christie, H., Davoult, D., Derrien-Courtel, S., Fernandez, C., Fredriksen, S., Gevaert, F., Gundersen, H., Le Gal, A., Lévêque, L., Mieszkowska, N., Norderhaug, K.M., Oliveira, P., Puente, A., Rico, J.M., Rinde, E., Schubert, H., Strain, E.M., Valero, M., Viard, F., Sousa-Pinto, I., Universidade do Porto, Université de Bologne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Escuela Politécnica de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Evolution, Biodiversity, Kelp, Introduced species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Behavior and Systematics, Abundance (ecology), Long-term changes Europe, 14. Life underwater, Kelp forests, Status and temporal trend, Long-term changes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Status and temporal trends, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Expert consultation, biology, Ecology, Saccorhiza polyschides, Long-term change, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Kelp forest, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, Europe, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: A comprehensive expert consultation was conducted in order to assess the status, trends and the most important drivers of change in the abundance and geographical distribution of kelp forests in European waters. This consultation included an on-line questionnaire, results from a workshop and data provided by a selected group of experts working on kelp forest mapping and eco-evolutionary research. Differences in status and trends according to geographical areas, species identity and small-scale variations within the same habitat where shown by assembling and mapping kelp distribution and trend data. Significant data gaps for some geographical regions, like the Mediterranean and the southern Iberian Peninsula, were also identified. The data used for this study confirmed a general trend with decreasing abundance of some native kelp species at their southern distributional range limits and increasing abundance in other parts of their distribution (Saccharina latissima and Saccorhiza polyschides). The expansion of the introduced species Undaria pinnatifida was also registered. Drivers of observed changes in kelp forests distribution and abundance were assessed using experts' opinions. Multiple possible drivers were identified, including global warming, sea urchin grazing, harvesting, pollution and fishing pressure, and their impact varied between geographical areas. Overall, the results highlight major threats for these ecosystems but also opportunities for conservation. Major requirements to ensure adequate protection of coastal kelp ecosystems along European coastlines are discussed, based on the local to regional gaps detected in the study. Project TETRIS (PRIN 2010-2011, MIUR)
Published: 2016

7. Recent Reticulate Evolution in the Ecologically Dominant Lineage of Coccolithophores

Author: El Mahdi eBendif, Ian eProbert, Francisco eDiaz-Rosas, Daniela eThomas, Ger evan den Engh, Jeremy eYoung, Peter evon Dassow, Marine Biological Association of the UK, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Instituto Milenio de Oceanografia (IMO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), and Center for Marine Cytometry
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Gephyrocapsa, Microbiology (medical), Range (biology), Coccolithophore, Lineage (evolution), lcsh:QR1-502, Introgression, Reticulofenestra, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, Emiliania, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, evolution, 14. Life underwater, Emiliania huxleyi, Original Research, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, cyto-nuclear discordance, Ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, Reticulate evolution, introgressive hybridization, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, coccolithophores
Abstract: International audience; The coccolithophore family Noëlaerhabdaceae contains a number of taxa that are very abundant in modern oceans, including the cosmopolitan bloom-forming Emiliania huxleyi. Introgressive hybridization has been suggested to account for incongruences between nuclear, mitochondrial and plastidial phylogenies of morphospecies within this lineage, but the number of species cultured to date remains rather limited. Here, we present the characterization of 5 new Noëlaerhabdaceae culture strains isolated from samples collected in the southeast Pacific Ocean. These were analyzed morphologically using scanning electron microscopy and phylogenetically by sequencing 5 marker genes (nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA, plastidial tufA, and mitochondrial cox1 and cox3 genes). Morphologically, one of these strains corresponded to Gephyrocapsa ericsonii and the four others to Reticulofenestra parvula. Ribosomal gene sequences were near identical between these new strains, but divergent from G. oceanica, G. muellerae, and E. huxleyi. In contrast to the clear distinction in ribosomal phylogenies, sequences from other genomic compartments clustered with those of E. huxleyi strains with which they share an ecological range (i.e., warm temperate to tropical waters). These data provide strong support for the hypothesis of past (and potentially ongoing) introgressive hybridization within this ecologically important lineage and for the transfer of R. parvula to Gephyrocapsa. These results have important implications for understanding the role of hybridization in speciation in vast ocean meta-populations of phytoplankton.
Published: 2016

8. Genetic structure of whiting Merlangius merlangus in the northeast Atlantic and adjacent waters

Author: Steve H. Coombs, Ian H. McQuinn, Grégory Charrier, Jean Laroche, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Marine Biological Association of the UK, Hydroacoustic Laboratory, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Science, Structural basin, Biology, Larval dispersal, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Merlangius merlangus, 14. Life underwater, Whiting, Microsatellites, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pelagic zone, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Oceanography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, Fisheries management, Bay
Abstract: Accurate identification of stock boundaries is essential for efficient fisheries management, hence the present study focused on the genetic structure of whiting. To this aim, 488 individuals collected from the southern Bay of Biscay to the southern Norwegian coast were genotyped using seven microsatellites. A low level of genetic structuring was detected in Atlantic waters since only the Bay of Biscay differentiated from more northern samples. The lack of genetic structure along the western margin of the British Isles is consistent with a high level of passive transport of pelagic eggs and larvae due to the combined influence of the North Atlantic Current and the Shelf Edge Current. High levels of dispersal could also occur between the western British Isles and the North Sea through both the branching of the North Atlantic Current into the northern North Sea and from the residual current flowing from the English Channel to the Southern Bight. In contrast, a significant genetic structure was identified within the North Sea, and this may be associated with the complex oceanography of this basin and retention systems reducing larval dispersal. In addition, considering also genetic, phenotypic and tag-recapture data collected on whiting, a learned homing behaviour of adults toward spawning areas may be hypothesised.
Published: 2007

9. Life-cycle modification in open oceans accounts for genome variability in a cosmopolitan phytoplankton

Author: von Dassow, Peter, John, Uwe, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Probert, Ian, Bendif, El Mahdi, Kegel, Jessica U, Audic, Stéphane, Wincker, Patrick, da Silva, Corinne, Claverie, Jean-Michel, Doney, Scott, Glover, David M, Mella-Flores, Daniella, Herrera, Yeritza, Lescot, Magali, Garet-Delmas, Marie-José, de Vargas, Colomban, Instituto Milenio de Oceanografia (IMO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution des Protistes et Ecosystèmes Pélagiques (EPEP), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Kyoto University, Information génomique et structurale (IGS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), and Kyoto University [Kyoto]
Subjects: fungi, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microbiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Emiliania huxleyi is the most abundant calcifying plankton in modern oceans with substantial intraspecific genome variability and a biphasic life cycle involving sexual alternation between calcified 2N and flagellated 1N cells. We show that high genome content variability in Emiliania relates to erosion of 1N-specific genes and loss of the ability to form flagellated cells. Analysis of 185 E. huxleyi strains isolated from world oceans suggests that loss of flagella occurred independently in lineages inhabiting oligotrophic open oceans over short evolutionary timescales. This environmentally linked physiogenomic change suggests life cycling is not advantageous in very large/diluted populations experiencing low biotic pressure and low ecological variability. Gene loss did not appear to reflect pressure for genome streamlining in oligotrophic oceans as previously observed in picoplankton. Life-cycle modifications might be common in plankton and cause major functional variability to be hidden from traditional taxonomic or molecular markers., Supplementary Information accompanies this paper on The ISME Journal website (http://www.nature.com/ismej)
Published: 2015

10. The Ocean Sampling Day Consortium

Author: Oleksandra Bobrova, Petra ten Hoopen, Rodrigo Costa, Rania Siam, Rehab Z. Abdallah, Jorge A. Herrera Silveira, Catarina Magalhães, Nedime Serakinci, Marie E. DeLorenzo, Riccardo Rosselli, Paul Malthouse, Lise Øvreås, Eyjólfur Reynisson, Susan Gebbels, Francesca Malfatti, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Federico M. Lauro, Hans Erik Karlsen, David Wallom, Christian Jeanthon, Mark J. Costello, Fergal O'Gara, Nadezhda Todorova, Ana C. Costa, Monia El Bour, Paul D. van Ruth, Ivaylo Kostadinov, Martin Ostrowski, Jed A. Fuhrman, Viggo Marteinsson, Thierry Cariou, Hiroyuki Ogata, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Emilie Villar, Federico Baltar, Sandi Orlić, Valentina Turk, Katja Lehmann, Dawn Field, Renzo Kottmann, Florence Jude-Lemeilleur, Daniel Vaulot, Alessandro Vezzi, Neil M Davies, Mahrous M. Kandil, Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier, Christopher D. Sinigalliano, Timothy W. Davis, Peter N. Golyshin, Stéphane L'Haridon, Jonathan A. Martinez, Sandra Ramos, Pascal Conan, Ma. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra, Soumya Essayeh, Clara Loureiro, Edvardsen Bente, Noureddine Boukhatem, Rachelle M. Jensen, Sophie Pitois, Bouchra Chaouni, Kate Munnik, Anke Kremp, Stephane Pesant, Roberto Danovaro, Cecilia Alonso, Said Barrijal, Jodie van de Kamp, Michail M. Yakimov, Nicole J. Poulton, Zackary I. Johnson, Adriana Zingone, Bernardo Duarte, Ilkay Salihoglu, Paraskevi N. Polymenakou, Jack A. Gilbert, Melody S. Clark, Ian Salter, Hassan Ghazal, Julie LaRoche, J. Mortelmans, Ranjith Edirisinghe, Grazia Marina Quero, Dion Matthew Frederick Frampton, Isabel Caçador, Georgios Tsiamis, Declan C. Schroeder, Jamie Hinks, Ana Martins, Noga Stambler, Rachel Collin, João Canning-Clode, Tinkara Tinta, Mesude Bicak, Scott Jones, Valentina Amaral, Matthias S. Ullrich, Gunnar Gerdts, Klaas Deneudt, Michael Steinke, Mohamed Bennani, Rafael Santana, Fabio De Pascale, Jennifer Tolman, Juan Iriberri, Levente Bodrossy, Abderrahim Bouali, Antonella Penna, Bruno Cataletto, Josep M. Gasol, Florencia Biancalana, Maribeth L. Gidley, Stephen A. Jackson, Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren, Carolin R. Löscher, Antje Wichels, Ventzislav Karamfilov, R. Eric Collins, Sara Ettamimi, Riccardo Schiavon, Mohammed Timinouni, Christina Bienhold, Julia Schnetzer, Marc E. Frischer, Wayne J. Fuller, Simon Claus, Ibon Cancio, Guy Cochrane, Patrick Martin, Gian Marco Luna, Snejana Moncheva, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Eva C. Sonnenschein, Paul Anders Fronth Nyhus, Shiao Y. Wang, Antonina Dos Santos, Eyal Rahav, Eileen Bresnan, Anna Kopf, Barker Katherine, Michèle Barbier, Naiara Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, Kemal Can Bizsel, Tim Ingleton, Patricia Wecker, Julia A. Busch, Kelly D. Goodwin, El Houcine Zaid, Rajaa Chahboune, Takashi Yoshida, Fatima El Otmani, Marianna Mea, Nina Dzhembekova, Anne-Lise Ducluzeau, Christopher P. Meyer, Georgios Kotoulas, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Jacobs University [Bremen], University of Oxford, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Oxfordshire UK, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), American University in Cairo, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College Cork (UCC), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Institut Ruder Boskovic, Institut Ruđer Bošković (IRB), University of Essex, Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Smithonian Environmental Research Center, Research Center, Odessa National I.I.Mechnikov University, Matis Ltd, Universidade dos Açores, Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Bergen (UiB), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Università di Urbino, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Smithsonian Institution, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research [Matosinhos, Portugal] (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mississippi State University [Mississippi], Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Smithsonian Marine Station, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Southern California (USC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR), Bar-Ilan University [Israël], The Interuniversity Institute for marine Science in Eilat, IAMC-CNR, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero &ndash, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Macquarie University, South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), South Australian Research and Development Institute, Flanders Marine Institute, VLIZ, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), University of Algarve [Portugal], Marine Biological Association of the UK, Department of Chemistry, Alexandria University [Alexandrie], Argentine Institute of Oceanography, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto University, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Waters, wetlands & coasts Sydney, Lwande technologies Cape Town, AZTI (AZTI), AZTI, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Université Mohammed Premier [Oujda], Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Faculty of Sciences, Rabat, Morocco., Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Université de Brest (UBO), Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi = Dokuz Eylül University [Izmir] (DEÜ), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Singapore centre for environmental life sciences engineering, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Indigo V Expeditions, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Information génomique et structurale (IGS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bremen, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Rajarata University of Sri-Lanka (RUSL), University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Mediterranean Science Commission, National institute of biology Fornace, Near East University, Marine Scotland Marine Laboratory, Kind of Blue Project ABS, University of Oslo (UiO), Marine biology research station, Bangor University, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Fridtjof Nansen Institute of oceanology, Duke University [Durham], Miami University, Miami University [Ohio] (MU), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Polytechnic University of Marche, University of Patras, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), INSTIM, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), University of Hawaii, University of Auckland [Auckland], Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), University of Chicago, Brown University, Zhejiang University, Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Department of Mathematics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Kopf, A, Bicak, M, Kottmann, R, Schnetzer, J, Kostadinov, I, Lehmann, K, Fernandez-Guerra, A, Jeanthon, C, Rahav, E, Ullrich, M, Wichels, A, Gerdts, G, Polymenakou, P, Kotoulas, G, Siam, R, Abdallah, Rz, Sonnenschein, Ec, Cariou, T, O'Gara, F, Jackson, S, Orlic, S, Steinke, M, Busch, J, Duarte, B, Cacador, I, Canning-Clode, J, Bobrova, O, Marteinsson, V, Reynisson, E, Loureiro, Cm, Luna, Gm, Quero, Gm, Loscher, Cr, Kremp, A, Delorenzo, Me, Ovreas, L, Tolman, J, Laroche, J, Penna, A, Frischer, M, Davis, T, Katherine, B, Meyer, Cp, Ramos, S, Magalhaes, C, Jude-Lemeilleur, F, Aguirre-Macedo, Ml, Wang, S, Poulton, N, Jones, S, Collin, R, Fuhrman, Ja, Conan, P, Alonso, C, Stambler, N, Goodwin, K, Yakimov, Mm, Baltar, F, Bodrossy, L, Van De Kamp, J, Frampton, Dmf, Ostrowski, M, Van Ruth, P, Malthouse, P, Claus, S, Deneudt, K, Mortelmans, J, Pitois, S, Wallom, D, Salter, I, Costa, R, Schroeder, Dc, Kandil, Mm, Amaral, V, Biancalana, F, Santana, R, Pedrotti, Ml, Yoshida, T, Ogata, H, Ingleton, T, Munnik, K, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, N, Berteaux-Lecellier, V, Wecker, P, Cancio, I, Vaulot, D, Bienhold, C, Ghazal, H, Chaouni, B, Essayeh, S, Ettamimi, S, Zaid, E, Boukhatem, N, Bouali, A, Chahboune, R, Barrijal, S, Timinouni, M, El Otmani, F, Bennani, M, Mea, M, Todorova, N, Karamfilov, V, ten Hoopen, P, Cochrane, G, L'Haridon, S, Bizsel, Kc, Vezzi, A, Lauro, Fm, Martin, P, Jensen, Rm, Hinks, J, Gebbels, S, Rosselli, R, De Pascale, F, Schiavon, R, dos Santos, A, Villar, E, Pesant, S, Cataletto, B, Malfatti, F, Edirisinghe, R, Silveira, Jah, Barbier, M, Turk, V, Tinta, T, Fuller, Wj, Salihoglu, I, Serakinci, N, Ergoren, Mc, Bresnan, E, Iriberri, J, Nyhus, Paf, Bente, E, Karlsen, He, Golyshin, Pn, Gasol, Jm, Moncheva, S, Dzhembekova, N, Johnson, Z, Sinigalliano, Cd, Gidley, Ml, Zingone, A, Danovaro, R, Tsiamis, G, Clark, M, Costa, Ac, El Bour, M, Martins, Am, Collins, Re, Ducluzeau, Al, Martinez, J, Costello, Mj, Amaral-Zettler, La, Gilbert, Ja, Davies, N, Field, D, Glockner, Fo, European Commission, University of Oxford [Oxford], Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research - IOLR (ISRAEL), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universidade do Porto, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UCUR), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), University of Mohammed V, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Rajarata University of Sri-Lanka, University of Patras [Patras], University of California [Berkeley], and University of California-University of California
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, Marine life, 01 natural sciences, Bacteria, Genomics, Health Index, Marine, Metagenomics, Micro B3, Microorganism, OSD, Ocean sampling day, Standards, 11. Sustainability, Data and Information, Ocean Sampling Day, biodiversity, genomics, health index, bacteria, microorganism, metagenomics, marine, standards, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Geology, Computer Science Applications, Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences, Microbial biodiversity, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Ocean sampling day, OSD, Biodiversity, Genomics, Health Index, Bacteria, Microorganism, Metagenomics,Marine, Micro B3, Standards, Oceans and Seas, Microorganisms, Marine Biology, Health Informatics, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, Ecology and Environment, Metagenomic, 03 medical and health sciences, Health index, Medisinske Fag: 700 [VDP], SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean sampling, 13. Climate action, Commentary, Genomic, Database Management Systems, Global Ocean, business
Abstract: Kopf, Anna ... et. al.-- 5 pages, 1 figure.-- This manuscript is NOAA-GLERL contribution number 1763, Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world’s oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits, This work was supported by the Micro B3 project, which is funded from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7; Joint Call OCEAN.2011‐2: Marine microbial diversity – new insights into marine ecosystems functioning and its biotechnological potential) under the grant agreement no 287589
Published: 2015

11. A Haploid System of Sex Determination in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus sp

Author: Akira F. Peters, John H. F. Bothwell, J. Mark Cock, Denis Roze, Marine Robuchon, Myriam Valero, Susana M. Coelho, Alexandre Cormier, Eugénie Pessia, Yves Van de Peer, Simon M. Dittami, Sophia Ahmed, Lieven Sterck, Remy Luthringer, Gabriel A. B. Marais, Erwan Corre, Jean-Marc Aury, Santé Végétale (SV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Végétaux marins et biomolécules, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-GOEMAR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sexe et évolution, Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Plant Systems Biology (PSB Center), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Bezhin Rosko, Marine Biological Association Laboratory (MBA Laboratory), Marine Biological Association of the UK, Phophorylation de protéines et Pathologies Humaines (P3H), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Belfast e-Science Centre [Belfast] (BESC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State University of Ghent, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Sorbonne Universités, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biology, Haploidy, Phaeophyta, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Negative selection, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Haplotype, Chromosome, Ectocarpus, Sex Determination Processes, biology.organism_classification, Sexual dimorphism, Ploidy, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Summary Background A common feature of most genetic sex-determination systems studied so far is that sex is determined by nonrecombining genomic regions, which can be of various sizes depending on the species. These regions have evolved independently and repeatedly across diverse groups. A number of such sex-determining regions (SDRs) have been studied in animals, plants, and fungi, but very little is known about the evolution of sexes in other eukaryotic lineages. Results We report here the sequencing and genomic analysis of the SDR of Ectocarpus , a brown alga that has been evolving independently from plants, animals, and fungi for over one giga-annum. In Ectocarpus , sex is expressed during the haploid phase of the life cycle, and both the female (U) and the male (V) sex chromosomes contain nonrecombining regions. The U and V of this species have been diverging for more than 70 mega-annum, yet gene degeneration has been modest, and the SDR is relatively small, with no evidence for evolutionary strata. These features may be explained by the occurrence of strong purifying selection during the haploid phase of the life cycle and the low level of sexual dimorphism. V is dominant over U, suggesting that femaleness may be the default state, adopted when the male haplotype is absent. Conclusions The Ectocarpus UV system has clearly had a distinct evolutionary trajectory not only to the well-studied XY and ZW systems but also to the UV systems described so far. Nonetheless, some striking similarities exist, indicating remarkable universality of the underlying processes shaping sex chromosome evolution across distant lineages.
Published: 2014

12. The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP): illuminating the functional diversity of eukaryotic life in the oceans through transcriptome sequencing

Author: Mary Ann Moran, Ronald P. Kiene, Matthew D. Johnson, Jennifer L. Jacobi, Gwenael Piganeau, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Simon K. Davy, Edward C. Theriot, Uwe John, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Sarah R. Smith, Bente Edvardsen, Cristina Miceli, Adrian Marchetti, Karin Rengefors, Tatiana A. Rynearson, John M. Archibald, Matthew C. Posewitz, Brian Palenik, Alexandra Z. Worden, Pooja E. Umale, Boris Wawrik, Laura A. Katz, Satoshi Nagai, Anja Kamp, Lisa Campbell, Kathryn J. Coyne, Thomas Mock, E. Virginia Armbrust, Fabien Burki, Adriana Zingone, Sonya T. Dyhrman, Mary E. Rumpho, Bank Beszteri, Giovanna Romano, Declan C. Schroeder, Callum J. Bell, Yan Xu, Bassem Allam, Kay D. Bidle, Bethany D. Jenkins, Kelly B. Schilling, Giulio Petroni, David Roy Smith, Aurora M. Nedelcu, Arvind K. Bharti, Connie Lovejoy, Stephanie Guida, Spencer J. Greenwood, Peter Stief, David A. Caron, Senjie Lin, Marina Montresor, Denis H. Lynn, Patrick J. Keeling, Glen L. Wheeler, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Daniel Vaulot, Jan Pawlowski, Ruth D. Gates, Brian S. Leander, Heather M. Wilcox, Andrew R. Juhl, Govind Nadathur, Erick R. James, Rose Ann Cattolico, Alastair G. B. Simpson, Susanne Menden-Deuer, G. Jason Smith, George B. McManus, Christopher J. Gobler, Heidi M. Sosik, Connor Cameron, Jackie L. Collier, Shauna A. Murray, Scott N. Twary, William H. Wilson, Claudio H. Slamovits, Peter B. Ngam, Phillipe Deschamps, Eric E. Allen, Roberts, Roland G, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Department of Botany, University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Marine Biology Research Division, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), The Josephine Bay Paul Center for comparative molecular biology and evolution, Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of biochemistry & molecular biology, Dalhousie University [Halifax], National center for genome resources (NCGR), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Oceanography [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], Department of biology, University of Southern California (USC), University of Delaware [Newark], School of biological sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of earth and environmental sciences and the Lamont-Doherty earth observatory, Columbia University [New York], Department of Molecular Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Department of biomedical sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Department of cell and molecular biology, University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI)-University of Rhode Island (URI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Jacobs University [Bremen], Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of biological sciences, Smith College [Northampton], University of South Alabama, Department of invertebrate zoology, Saint Petersburg State Technical University, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University (SPSPU)-Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University (SPSPU), Department of genetics and evolution, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Department of Marine sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), département de biologie, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Department of zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences [NCSU] (MEAS), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of New Brunswick (UNB), School of biosciences and biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Department of Marrine sciences, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Biologie intégrative des organismes marins (BIOM), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, department of biology, Lund University [Lund], Department of molecular and cell biology, Marine Biological Association of the UK, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Diversité et Interactions au sein du Plancton Océanique (DIPO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), department of microbiology and plant biology, University of Oklahoma (OU), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Princeton University, University of Britsh Columbia [Vancouver], University of California-University of California, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and Roberts, Roland G.
Subjects: Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Databases, Factual, animal genomics, Immunology and Microbiology (all), Biochemistry, Medical and Health Sciences, Transcriptome, transcriptome analysis, Community Page, sequence databases, Environmental Microbiology, Biology (General), Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, Biodiversity, Eukaryota, Oceans and Seas, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Neuroscience (all), Medicine (all), Genetics, General Neuroscience, marine ecology, Biological Sciences, genome sequencing, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biologie, QH301-705.5, Sequence analysis, Ecology (disciplines), Marine Biology, Genomics, Biology, Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, DNA sequencing, Databases, Microbial ecology, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], 14. Life underwater, Life Below Water, Factual, Comparative genomics, Marine biology, Evolutionary Biology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Human Genome, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Evolutionary biology, plant genomics, Generic health relevance, genomic library construction, Genomic databases, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Microbial ecology is plagued by problems of an abstract nature. Cell sizes are so small and population sizes so large that both are virtually incomprehensible. Niches are so far from our everyday experience as to make their very definition elusive. Organisms that may be abundant and critical to our survival are little understood, seldom described and/or cultured, and sometimes yet to be even seen. One way to confront these problems is to use data of an even more abstract nature: molecular sequence data. Massive environmental nucleic acid sequencing, such as metagenomics or metatranscriptomics, promises functional analysis of microbial communities as a whole, without prior knowledge of which organisms are in the environment or exactly how they are interacting. But sequence-based ecological studies nearly always use a comparative approach, and that requires relevant reference sequences, which are an extremely limited resource when it comes to microbial eukaryotes [1]. In practice, this means sequence databases need to be populated with enormous quantities of data for which we have some certainties about the source. Most important is the taxonomic identity of the organism from which a sequence is derived and as much functional identification of the encoded proteins as possible. In an ideal world, such information would be available as a large set of complete, well-curated, and annotated genomes for all the major organisms from the environment in question. Reality substantially diverges from this ideal, but at least for bacterial molecular ecology, there is a database consisting of thousands of complete genomes from a wide range of taxa, supplemented by a phylogeny-driven approach to diversifying genomics [2]. For eukaryotes, the number of available genomes is far, far fewer, and we have relied much more heavily on random growth of sequence databases [3],[4], raising the question as to whether this is fit for purpose.
Published: 2014

13. The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world

Author: Brodie, Juliet, Williamson, Christopher J., Smale, Dan A., Kamenos, Nicholas A., Mieszkowska, Nova, Santos, Rui, Cunliffe, Michael, Steinke, Michael, Yesson, Christopher, Anderson, Kathryn M., Asnaghi, Valentina, Brownlee, Colin, Burdett, Heidi L., Burrows, Michael T., Collins, Sinead, Donohue, Penelope J.C., Harvey, Ben, Foggo, Andrew, Noisette, Fanny, Nunes, Joana, Ragazzola, Federica, Raven, John A., Schmidt, Daniela N., Suggett, David, Teichberg, Mirta, Hall-Spencer, Jason M., Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences [Faro] (CCMAR), University of Algarve [Portugal]-University of Algarve [Portugal], School of Biological Sciences [Colchester], University of Essex, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Department of Zoology (The University of British Columbia), University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Universita degli studi di Genova, Marine Biological Association, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [University St Andrews], Scottish Marine Institute, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenökologie, UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - NERC, UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - Defra, UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - DECC, NERC OARP [NE/H016996/1], University of St Andrews. Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe)
Subjects: macroalgae, Calcified algae, Climate Research, microphytobenthos, Evolution, QH301 Biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Seagrasses, Growth, Review, Ecosystems, Klimatforskning, invasive species, QH301, Macroalgae, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate change, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, volatile gases, Climate-change, Biology, Ekologi, Ecology, Invasive species, Ocean acidification, fungi, Microphytobenthos, Temperature, Geokemi, Coralline Algae, Carbon, Geochemistry, Volatile gases, Kelp, climate change, seagrasses, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Seaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by humans, and the rate of change is accelerating rapidly due to runaway CO2 emissions and mounting pressures on coastlines associated with human population growth and increased consumption of finite resources. Here, we predict how rapid warming and acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the northeast Atlantic in this century, based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that warming will kill off kelp forests in the south and that ocean acidification will remove maerl habitat in the north. Seagrasses will proliferate, and associated epiphytes switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species. Invasive species will thrive in niches liberated by loss of native species and spread via exponential development of artificial marine structures. Combined impacts of seawater warming, ocean acidification, and increased storminess may replace structurally diverse seaweed canopies, with associated calcified and noncalcified flora, with simple habitats dominated by noncalcified, turf-forming seaweeds. In this study, predictions are made as to how rapid warming and ocean acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the north-east Atlantic in this century based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that kelp forests will die out in the south due to warming, maerl habitat lost in the north through acidification, seagrasses will proliferate, associated epiphytes will switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species, and invasive species will thrive. Thus, structurally diverse seaweed canopies with associated calcified and noncalcified flora may be replaced with simple habitats dominated by noncalcified, turf-forming seaweeds. © 2014 The Authors.
Published: 2014

14. Examining the bank of microscopic stages in kelps using culturing and barcoding

Author: Lucía Couceiro, Marine Robuchon, Myriam Valero, Akira F. Peters, Christophe Destombe, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Marine Biological Association Laboratory (MBA Laboratory), Marine Biological Association of the UK, Bezhin Rosko, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Phaeophyceae, Kelp, Intertidal zone, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, Biology, Saccharina latissima, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, diversity, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Species level, bank of microscopic stages, Botany, Molecular identification, Hyperborea, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, barcode, Sporophyte, Seaweeds, biology.organism_classification, Laminaria digitata, substratum culturing, Recruitment, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; This paper describes a method to study the diversity of young kelp sporophytes that are recruited from the bank of microscopic stages. Small samples of rocky substratum (0.5 cm2) were collected from the low intertidal zone, which was dominated by the kelp Laminaria digitata. Samples were cultivated in the laboratory under conditions permitting gametogenesis. Sporophyte recruits in the cultures were isolated and identified at the species level using the barcoding mitochondrial marker rpl31–rns. Sixty per cent of the collected samples had at least one to a maximum of 30 kelp recruits, belonging to five different species (L. digitata, L. hyperborea, L. ochroleuca, Saccharina latissima and Sacchorhiza polyschides). As the examination of freshly collected rocky samples under a stereo microscope did not reveal any kelp sporophytes, the recruitment in these samples after culture probably occurred from the bank of microscopic forms present on the substratum. Despite the dominance of L. digitata in the field, the young sporophytes obtained after culturing were mainly S. polyschides. This study illustrates the suitability of culturing in combination with molecular identification of young sporophytes to address several key aspects of kelp ecology related to the existence of a bank of microscopic stages in the field.
Published: 2014

15. Non-cell autonomous regulation of life cycle transitions in the model brown alga Ectocarpus

Author: Akira F. Peters, Susana M. Coelho, Alok Arun, Nick T. Peters, J. Mark Cock, Delphine Scornet, Végétaux marins et biomolécules, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-GOEMAR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Utah], University of Utah, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Biological Association Laboratory (MBA Laboratory), Marine Biological Association of the UK, Bezhin Rosko, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Benzenesulfonates, Plant Science, Phaeophyta, MESH: Germ Cells, Plant, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, MESH: Genetic Loci, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, Regeneration, 030304 developmental biology, Gametophyte, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Culture Media, Conditioned, Ectocarpus siliculosus, Protoplasts, Benzenesulfonates, MESH: Models, Biological, MESH: Regeneration, Sporophyte, MESH: Phaeophyta, Ectocarpus, MESH: Protoplasts, biology.organism_classification, Multicellular organism, Evolutionary biology, Genetic Loci, Culture Media, Conditioned, Alternation of generations, Ploidy, Germ Cells, Plant, Reprogramming, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The model brown alga Ectocarpus has a haploid-diploid life cycle, involving alternation between two independent multicellular generations, the gametophyte and the sporophyte. Recent work has shown that alternation of generations is not determined by ploidy but is rather under genetic control, involving at least one master regulatory locus, OUROBOROS (ORO). Using cell biology approaches combined with measurements of generation-specific transcript abundance we provide evidence that alternation of generations can also be regulated by non-cell autonomous mechanisms. The Ectocarpus sporophyte produces a diffusible factor that causes major developmental reprogramming in gametophyte cells. Cells become resistant to reprogramming when the cell wall is synthetized, suggesting that the cell wall may play a role in locking an individual into the developmental program that has been engaged. A functional ORO gene is necessary for the induction of the developmental switch. Our results highlight the role of the cell wall in maintaining the differentiated generation stage once the appropriate developmental program has been engaged and also indicate that ORO is a key member of the developmental pathway triggered by the sporophyte factor. Alternation between gametophyte and sporophyte generations in Ectocarpus is surprisingly labile, perhaps reflecting an adaptation to the variable seashore environment inhabited by this alga.
Published: 2013

16. The Ectocarpus Genome and Brown Algal Genomics The Ectocarpus Genome Consortium

Author: Cock, J. Mark, Sterck, Lieven, Ahmed, Sophia, Allen, Andrew E., Amoutzias, Grigoris, Anthouard, Véronique, Artiguenave, Francois, Arun, Alok, Aury, Jean-Marc, Badger, Jonathan H., Beszteri, Bank, Billiau, Kenny, Bonnet, Eric, Bothwell, John H., Bowler, Chris, Boyen, Catherine, Brownlee, Colin, Carrano, Carl J., Charrier, Benedicte, Cho, Ga Youn, Coelho, Susana M., Collen, Jonas, Le Corguillé, Gildas, Corre, Erwan, Dartevelle, Laurence, da Silva, Corinne, Delage, Ludovic, Delaroque, Nicolas, Dittami, Simon, Doulbeau, Sylvie, Elias, Marek, Farnham, Garry, Gachon, Claire M. M., Godfroy, Olivier, Gschloessl, Bernhard, Heesch, Svenja, Jabbari, Kamel, Jubin, Claire, Kawai, Hiroshi, Kimura, Kei, Kloareg, Bernard, Kuepper, Frithjof C., Lang, Daniel, Le Bail, Aude, Luthringer, Rémy, Leblanc, Catherine, Lerouge, Patrice, Lohr, Martin, Lopez, Pascal J., Macaisne, Nicolas, Martens, Cindy, Maumus, Florian, Michel, Gurvan, Miranda-Saavedra, Diego, Morales, Julia, Moreau, Herve, Motomura, Taizo, Nagasato, Chikako, Napoli, Carolyn A., Nelson, David R., Nyvall-Collén, Pi, Peters, Akira F., Pommier, Cyril, Potin, Philippe, Poulain, Julie, Quesneville, Hadi, Read, Betsy, Rensing, Stefan A., Ritter, Andrés, Rousvoal, Sylvie, Samanta, Manoj, Samson, Gaelle, Schroeder, Declan C., Scornet, Delphine, Ségurens, Béatrice, Strittmatter, Martina, Tonon, Thierry, Tregear, James W., Valentin, Klaus, von Dassow, Peter, Yamagishi, Takahiro, Rouzé, Pierre, van de Peer, Yves, Wincker, Patrick, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Signaux oligosaccharidiques et lipidiques (SOL), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-GOEMAR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept Plant Syst Biol, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Dept Plant Biotechnol & Bioinformat, J. Craig Venter Institute [La Jolla, USA] (JCVI), Inst Genom, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Partenaires INRAE, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Marine Biological Association of the UK, École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Stn Zool, and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
Subjects: IRON-DEFICIENCY, EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, PLANT MICRORNAS, SILICULOSUS PHAEOPHYCEAE, TOPOISOMERASE-VI, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, food and beverages, DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA, PROTEIN FAMILY, LAMINARIA-DIGITATA, CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII, NORTH-ATLANTIC
Abstract: International audience; Brown algae are important organisms both because of their key ecological roles in coastal ecosystems and because of the remarkable biological features that they have acquired during their unusual evolutionary history. The recent sequencing of the complete genome of the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus has provided unprecedented access to the molecular processes that underlie brown algal biology. Analysis of the genome sequence, which exhibits several unusual structural features, identified genes that are predicted to play key roles in several aspects of brown algal metabolism, in the construction of the multicellular bodyplan and in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Information from the genome sequence is currently being used in combination with other genomic, genetic and biochemical tools to further investigate these and other aspects of brown algal biology at the molecular level. Here, we review some of the major discoveries that emerged from the analysis of the Ectocarpus genome sequence, with a particular focus on the unusual genome structure, inferences about brown algal evolution and novel aspects of brown algal metabolism.
Published: 2012

17. Reinstatement of Ectocarpus crouaniorum Thuret in Le Jolis as a third common species of Ectocarpus (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) in Western Europe, and its phenology at Roscoff, Brittany

Author: Peters, Akira, Van Wijk, Serinde, Cho, Ga Youn, Scornet, Delphine, Hanyuda, Takeaki, Kawai, Hiroshi, Schroeder, Declan, Cock, J. Mark, Boo, Sung Min, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University Research Center, Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Végétaux marins et biomolécules, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-GOEMAR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: taxonomy, genotyping, hybrid, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], biological species, post-zygotic sterility, Ectocarpus, internal transcribed spacer 1 length, phylogeny, phenology
Abstract: International audience; Based on morphological characters, cross-fertility and molecular systematics, two species are currently recognized in the ubiquitous temperate brown algal genus Ectocarpus: the type species E. siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye and E. fasciculatus Harvey. We studied diversity , cross-fertility and ecology of Ectocarpus in mega-tidal areas in northwest France (Western Europe) and propose to reinstate a third species, E. crouaniorum Thuret in Le Jolis. Genotyping of 67 individuals from five localities, including the type locality of E. crouan-iorum, using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) length as a marker, showed that the three species co-occurred whenever the habitat was suitable. Our survey also revealed a single putative field hybrid between E. crouaniorum and E. siliculosus, and a single individual of a further Ectocarpus genotype. In laboratory experiments, E. crouaniorum was crossed with E. siliculosus and E. fasciculatus. In 12 of 13 crosses, the zygotes did not develop (postzygotic sterility); in one experiment a viable hybrid was produced after crossing a female E. crouaniorum with a male E. siliculosus, but this hybrid was unable to form meiospores. Phyloge-netic analysis of five molecular markers from the nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid genomes (in total 1818 bp) confirmed genetic separation of the three species. Ecologically, E. crouaniorum was confined to high intertidal pools and runoffs , where the gameto-phyte was common from spring to summer. Another characteristic was that it usually occurred as an epi-phyte of up to 12 cm in length on erect thalli of Scy-tosiphon lomentaria. Sporophytes of E. crouaniorum were found all year long; they were
Published: 2010

18. Appearance of a genetically-based pollution resistance in a marine gastropod, Nucella lapillus, in southwest Brittany: a new case of Dumpton Syndrome

Author: N. Le Goïc, P.E. Gibbs, M. Huet, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Marine Biological Association of the UK
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Imposex, temporal evolution, Zoology, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, tributyltin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nucella lapillus, Gastropoda, medicine, pollution resistance, Sex organ, TBT, 14. Life underwater, Mollusca, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, imposex, biology.organism_classification, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Tributyltin, Bioindicator, Penis, Nucella
Abstract: Most neogastropod species exhibit masculinization of the female when subject to tributyltin (TBT) pollution (a process known as ‘imposex’). To date, the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus is seemingly unique in having a genetic deficiency (termed Dumpton syndrome or DS) that disrupts the development of normal male sex organs, its presence being readily recognizable by the underdevelopment, or non-development (aphally), of the penis, and incomplete formation (non-closure) of the vas deferens, causing a split prostate. In highly contaminated conditions, female carriers of DS can be identified by a lesser degree of masculinization (notably aphally): they escape sterilization caused by the advanced stages of imposex. To date, DS has only been reported in areas with high TBT pollution which induces sterilization of normal females (i.e. non DS-affected females). DS is now, for the first time, observed at some locations where present TBT levels are low and some normal females lack penis development. In such conditions it is not possible to discriminate normal from DS-affected females using aphally. As DS-affected females must be discarded from the calculation of the imposex bioindicators to monitor TBT pollution, indirect tools such as molecular probe are now needed to further survey those areas where DS and TBT pollution may interact as, for example, in south-west Brittany.
Published: 2008

19. Global-scale processes with a nanoscale drive: the role of marine viruses

Author: Mathias Middelboe, Corina P. D. Brussaard, K. Eric Wommack, T. Frede Thingstad, Mikal Heldal, Markus G. Weinbauer, Steven W. Wilhelm, Gunnar Bratbak, Dolors Vaqué, John H. Paul, Curtis A. Suttle, Declan C. Schroeder, Susan A. Kimmance, Keizo Nagasaki, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Biology, University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Kochi University, Marine Biological Association of the UK, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Vancouver] (UBC EOAS), University of British Columbia (UBC), Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware [Newark], and Dept. of Plant and Soil Sciences
Subjects: Geological Phenomena, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, 030306 microbiology, Ecology, viruses, Biodiversity, Biogeochemistry, Geology, Marine Biology, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Marine bacteriophage, 13. Climate action, Abundance (ecology), Viruses, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: 4 pages, 1 figure Viruses, the smallest and most numerous of all biotic agents, represent the planet’s largest pool of genetic diversity. The sheer abundance of oceanic viruses results in B1029 viral infections per day, causing the release of 108–109 tonnes of carbon per day from the biological pool (Suttle, 2007). Still, how and to what extent virus-mediated nanoscale processes are linked to global-scale biodiversity and biogeochemistry is poorly defined. Recently, two international panels—the EUR- opean network of excellence for OCean Ecosystem ANalysis (EUR-OCEANS) Marine Virus Workshop and the Scientific Committee for Oceanographic Research working group on marine viruses (SCOR WG126) brought together international scientists to focus on these issues and to identify future direc- tions in marine virus research by defining important questions (EUR-OCEANS) and potential practical approaches (SCOR). The present commentary high-lights open questions in marine viral ecology and illustrates how fusions between (meta)genomics and geochemistry may decipher the role of viruses in global-scale processes
Published: 2008
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20. Structure of phytoplankton (Continuous Plankton Recorder and SeaWiFS) and impact of climate in the Northwest Atlantic Shelves

Author: R D Pingree, Sophie C. Leterme, EGU, Publication, Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS), Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Marine Biological Association of the UK, and The Laboratory
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Forcing (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Gulf Stream, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, SeaWiFS, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Continuous Plankton Recorder, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: All marine organisms are affected to some extent by the movement and thermal properties of oceanic currents. However phytoplankton, because of its small size is most directly coupled to the physical environment. The intense hydrodynamic activity observed in the Northwest Atlantic Shelves Province makes this region especially intriguing from the point of view of physical-biological interactions. In the present work, remote sensed data of Sea Surface Height (SSH) anomalies, Sea-surface chlorophyll a concentrations (SeaWiFS), and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are used to complement the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey that continuously sampled a route between Norfolk (Virginia, USA; 39° N, 71° W) and Argentia (Newfoundland; 47° N, 54° W) over the period 1995–1998. Over this period, we examined physical structures (i.e. SST and SSH) and climatic forcing associated with space-time phytoplankton structure. Along this route, the phytoplankton structures were mainly impacted by the changes in surface flow along the Scotian Shelf rather than significantly influenced by the mesoscale features of the Gulf Stream. These changes in water mass circulation caused a drop in temperature and salinity along the Scotian Shelf that induced changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance.
Published: 2006

21. Biological factors regulating the chemical speciation of Cu, Zn, and Mn under different nutrient regime in a marine mesocosm experiment

Author: François L. L. Muller, Stéphan Jacquet, William H. Wilson, University of Bergen (UiB), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Marine Biological Association of the UK
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Coccolithophore, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Phosphorus, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Mesocosm, Speciation, Nutrient, chemistry, Phytoplankton, Botany, Composition (visual arts), Bloom, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Previous mesocosm experiments and field studies have indicated a central role of major nutrients (e.g., N, P, and Si) in regulating phytoplankton abundance and species composition and influencing the rate of uptake of bioactive metals by phytoplankton. We monitored the changes in bioactive metals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) concentration and speciation that occurred over the course of a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliana huxleyi under three different nutrient treatments. In each treatment, the electrochemically labile fraction of Cu decreased from 1.1 to 0.3 nmol L-1 during the formation of the E. huxleyi bloom. This decrease was likely due to the active release of organic ligands by phytoplankton, which shut off as soon as the level of labile Cu reached 0.3 nmol L-1 ([Cu2+] = 0.02 nmol L-1). Organic Zn-binding ligands showed elevated concentrations in bag 1 (the N- and P-replete bag) only. The release of these ligands coincided with a 15-fold increase in the concentration of dead E. huxleyi cells in bag 1 but only a threefold increase in the P- or N-depleted bags. This suggests that the Zn-binding ligands may have originated from dead or decaying E. huxleyi cells. In both the P- and N-limited bags, labile Mn concentrations showed a succession of two peaks and troughs over the 2-week period; these were synchronized-but inversely correlated-with bacterial abundance. Labile Mn showed weaker fluctuations and no clear synchronization with bacterial abundance in the N- and P-replete bag. We hypothesize that the passive release of organic Zn-binding ligands under the nutrient-replete conditions may have helped restrict the detrimental effect of Zn2+ on Mn uptake by phytoplankton cells, thus diverting part of the dissolved Mn away from sequestration or oxidation by bacteria.
Published: 2003

22. NATURE, NURTURE AND THE STRUCTURE OF MACROALGAL GENOMES

Author: Cock, J. Mark, Collen, Jonas, Lieven Sterck, Rouze, Pierre, Scornet, Delphine, Anthouard, Veronique, Artiguenave, Francois, Aury, Jean-Marc, Billiau, Kenny, Bonnet, Eric, Bothwell, John H. F., Brillet, Loraine, Carre, Wilfrid, Coelho, Susana M., Corre, Erwan, Da Silva, Corinne, Jubin, Claire, Martens, Cindy, Maumus, Florian, Miranda-Saavedra, Diego, Peters, Akira F., Porcel, Betina, Quesneville, Hadi, Boyen, Catherine, Peer, Yves, Wincker, Patrick, Signaux oligosaccharidiques et lipidiques (SOL), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-GOEMAR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Institut de Génomique, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Marine Biological Association of the UK, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), GOEMAR-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology and Life Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, nature, structure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, macroalgal genomes
Abstract: International audience

23. Ecosystem engineers enhance the multifunctionality of an urban novel ecosystem: Population persistence and ecosystem resilience since the 1980s.

Author: Firth LB, Forbes A, Knights AM, O'Shaughnessy KA, Mahmood-Brown W, Struthers L, Hawcutt E, Bohn K, Sayer MDJ, Quinn J, Allen J, Dürr S, Guerra MT, Leeper A, Mieszkowska N, Reid G, Wilkinson S, Williams AE, and Hawkins SJ
Subjects: Animals, Biodiversity, Water Quality, Cities, Ecosystem, Bivalvia, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: In degraded urban habitats, nature-based solutions aim to enhance ecosystem functioning and service provision. Bivalves are increasingly reintroduced to urban environments to enhance water quality through biofiltration, yet their long-term sustainability remains uncertain. Following the restoration of the disused South Docks in Liverpool in the 1980s, natural colonization of mussels rapidly improved dock-basin water quality and supported diverse taxa, including other filter feeders. While the initial colonization phase has been well documented, there has been limited published research since the mid-1990s, despite ongoing routine water quality monitoring. Here, we assessed the long-term persistence of mussel populations, their associated biodiversity, and physico-chemical parameters of the water in Queens and Albert Docks by comparing historical (1980s to 1990s) and contemporary data from follow-up surveys (2012,2022). Following an initial period of poor water quality (high contamination and turbidity, low oxygen), the natural colonization of mussels from Albert Dock in 1988 extended throughout the South Docks. By the mid-1990s, the environment of the South Docks and its mussel populations had stabilized. The dock walls were dominated by mussels which provided important complex secondary substrate for invertebrates and macroalgae. Surveys conducted in 2012 and 2022 confirmed the continued dominance of mussels and estimates of mussel biofiltration rates confirm that mussels are continuing to contribute to maintaining water quality. A decline in salinity was observed in both docks in 2022, with evidence of recovery. While these ecosystems appear relatively stable, careful management of the hydrological regime is crucial to ensuring the persistence of mussels and resilient ecosystem service provision through biofiltration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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24. A biosensor monitoring approach for toxic algae: Construction of calibration curves to infer cell numbers in field material.

Author: Medlin LK, García-Portela M, Rossignoli AE, and Reguera B
Subjects: Calibration, Microalgae, Animals, Marine Toxins analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Harmful Algal Bloom, Biosensing Techniques methods
Abstract: A variety of shellfish toxin-producing Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) occur every year in coastal temperate waters worldwide. These toxic HABs may cause lengthy (months) harvesting bans of mussels and other suspension feeding bivalves exposed to their blooms. To safeguard public health and the shellfish industry, European Union regulations request periodic monitoring of potentially toxic microalgae in seawater and phycotoxins in live bivalve molluscs from shellfish production areas. Monitoring of other toxic microalgae, e.g., fish killers, is based solely on cell counts. Morphological identification and quantification of microalgal cells with light microscopy is time-consuming, requires a good expertise, and accurate identification to species level (e.g., Pseudo-nitzschia species) may require electron microscopy. Toxicity varies among morphologically similar species; there are toxic and non-toxic strains of the same species. Molecular techniques using ribosomal DNA sequences offer a possibility to identify and detect precisely the potentially toxic genus/species. In an earlier project (MIDTAL), specific probes against rRNA sequences of all HAB taxa, known at the time of the project, affecting shellfish areas worldwide were designed, and those affecting Europe were tested and calibrated against rRNA extracts of clonal cultures and field samples. Microarray technology was adopted to relate to cell numbers the fluorescence signal from the reaction of all target species probes spotted in the microarray slides with those present in a single sample extract. The EMERTOX project aimed to develop a more automatic "Lab on a chip" (LOC) technology, including a non- (cell) disruptive water concentration system and biosensors for HAB cells detection. Here, calibration curves are presented against toxic microalgae (cultures and field samples) causing endemic and emerging toxicity events in Galicia (NW Spain) and Portugal. Results here relating cell numbers to electrochemical signals will be used in an early warning biosensor for toxic algae., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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25. Environmental control and metabolic strategies of organic-matter-responsive bacterioplankton in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica).

Author: Piontek J, Hassenrück C, Zäncker B, and Jürgens K
Subjects: Antarctic Regions, Carbon metabolism, Microbiota, Plankton metabolism, Plankton genetics, Plankton growth & development, Metagenome, Ecosystem, Bacteroidetes genetics, Bacteroidetes metabolism, Bacteroidetes growth & development, Temperature, Seawater microbiology, Gammaproteobacteria metabolism, Gammaproteobacteria genetics, Phytoplankton metabolism, Phytoplankton genetics
Abstract: Heterotrophic microbial communities play a significant role in driving carbon fluxes in marine ecosystems. Despite their importance, these communities remain understudied in remote polar oceans, which are known for their substantial contribution to the biological drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Our research focused on understanding the environmental factors and genetic makeup of key bacterial players involved in carbon remineralization in the Weddell Sea, including its coastal polynyas. Our experiments demonstrated that the combination of labile organic matter supply and temperature increase synergistically boosted bacterial growth. This suggests that, besides low seawater temperature, carbon limitation also hinders heterotrophic bacterial activity. Through the analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes, we discovered distinct genomic adaptation strategies in Bacteroidia and Gammaproteobacteria, both of which respond to organic matter. Both natural phytoplankton blooms and experimental addition of organic matter favoured Bacteroidia, which possess a large number of gene copies and a wide range of functional membrane transporters, glycoside hydrolases, and aminopeptidases. In contrast, the genomes of organic-matter-responsive Gammaproteobacteria were characterized by high densities of transcriptional regulators and transporters. Our findings suggest that bacterioplankton in the Weddell Sea, which respond to organic matter, employ metabolic strategies similar to those of their counterparts in temperate oceans. These strategies enable efficient growth at extremely low seawater temperatures, provided that organic carbon limitation is alleviated., (© 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Microbiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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26. Partitioning of metals in the tissues and cytosolic fraction of Cerastoderma edule.

Author: Rattikansukha C, Millward GE, Hawkins SJ, and Langston WJ
Subjects: Animals, Metals metabolism, Metals analysis, Metallothionein metabolism, England, Metals, Heavy analysis, Metals, Heavy metabolism, Cardiidae metabolism, Cardiidae chemistry, Cytosol metabolism, Environmental Monitoring, Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract: The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn have been determined in the tissues and the cytosolic fraction of the common cockle, Cerastoderma edule, collected from sediments in the Tamar, Plym and Avon estuaries (South West, England). Metal concentrations in the tissues of C. edule from the Avon were lower than those from the Tamar and Plym, except for Cu in the digestive gland. Significant statistical relationships were only obtained between the total sedimentary metal concentrations and Cd in the body of C. edule and Cu in the digestive gland. The cytosolic fraction was extracted from each of the tissues and separated for protein analysis thereby allowing determination of the metal contents in high molecular weight (HMW) compounds, metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) and very low molecular weight (VLMW) compounds. The digestive glands of C. edule from the Avon had relatively low concentrations of MTLP, whereas MTLP concentrations in the digestive gland of cockles from the Tamar and Plym were higher. The cytosolic fraction of C. edule had relatively low total Cd and Cu concentrations associated with MTLP, whereas Zn was preferentially associated with the HMW and the VLMW components. The results are relevant to metal distributions in C. edule and the role of cytosols in the management of metals by C. edule and other invertebrates., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationships that could have influenced the work, and its outcomes, reported in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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27. Revealing the profound influence of diapause on gene expression: Insights from the annual transcriptome of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus.

Author: Payton L, Last KS, Grigor J, Noirot C, Hüppe L, Conway DVP, Dannemeyer M, Wilcockson D, and Meyer B
Subjects: Animals, Photoperiod, Seasons, Climate Change, Zooplankton genetics, Circadian Rhythm genetics, Copepoda genetics, Copepoda physiology, Transcriptome, Diapause genetics, Circadian Clocks genetics
Abstract: Annual rhythms are observed in living organisms with numerous ecological implications. In the zooplanktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus, such rhythms are crucial regarding its phenology, body lipid accumulation, and global carbon storage. Climate change drives annual biological rhythms out of phase with the prevailing environmental conditions with yet unknown but potentially catastrophic consequences. However, the molecular dynamics underlying phenology are still poorly described. In a rhythmic analysis of C. finmarchicus annual gene expression, results reveal that more than 90% of the transcriptome shows significant annual rhythms, with abrupt and dramatic upheaval between the active and diapause life cycle states. This work explores the implication of the circadian clock in the annual timing, which may control epigenetic mechanisms to profoundly modulate gene expression in response to calendar time. Results also suggest an increased light sensitivity during diapause that would ensure the photoperiodic entrainment of the endogenous annual clock., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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28. Temporal and spatial drivers of the structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with Laminaria hyperborea detritus in the northeast Atlantic.

Author: Gouraguine A, Smale DA, Edwards A, King NG, Jackson-Bué M, Kelly S, Earp HS, and Moore PJ
Subjects: Animals, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Food Chain, Atlantic Ocean, United Kingdom, Biomass, Seaweed, Laminaria physiology, Invertebrates physiology, Biodiversity
Abstract: Kelp forests occur on more than a quarter of the world's coastlines, serving as foundation species supporting high levels of biodiversity. They are also a major source of organic matter in coastal ecosystems, with the majority of primary production released and exported as detritus. Kelp detritus also provides food and shelter for macroinvertebrates, which comprise important components of inshore food-webs. Hitherto, research on kelp detritus-associated macroinvertebrate assemblages remains relatively limited. We quantified spatiotemporal variability in the structure of detritus-associated macroinvertebrate assemblages within Laminaria hyperborea forests and evaluated the influence of putative drivers of the observed variability in assemblages across eight study sites within four regions of the United Kingdom in May and September 2015. We documented 5167 individuals from 106 taxa with Malacostraca, Gastropoda, Isopoda and Bivalvia the most abundant groups sampled. Assemblage structure varied across months, sites, and regions, with highest richness in September compared to May. Many taxa were unique to individual regions, with few documented in all regions. Finally, key drivers of assemblage structure included detritus tissue nitrogen content, depth, sea surface temperature, light intensity, as well as L. hyperborea canopy density and canopy biomass. Despite their dynamic composition and transient existence, accumulations of L. hyperborea detritus represent valuable repositories of biodiversity and represent an additional kelp forest component which influences secondary productivity, and potentially kelp forest food-web dynamics., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Crown Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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29. Heterogeneity in maternal mRNAs within clutches of eggs in response to thermal stress during the embryonic stage.

Author: Sato A, Mihirogi Y, Wood C, Suzuki Y, Truebano M, and Bishop J
Subjects: Animals, Female, Male, Humans, Gene Expression Profiling, Mothers, Biological Evolution, RNA, Messenger, Stored genetics, Semen
Abstract: Background: The origin of variation is of central interest in evolutionary biology. Maternal mRNAs govern early embryogenesis in many animal species, and we investigated the possibility that heterogeneity in maternal mRNA provisioning of eggs can be modulated by environmental stimuli., Results: We employed two sibling species of the ascidian Ciona, called here types A and B, that are adapted to different temperature regimes and can be hybridized. Previous study showed that hybrids using type B eggs had higher susceptibility to thermal stress than hybrids using type A eggs. We conducted transcriptome analyses of multiple single eggs from crosses using eggs of the different species to compare the effects of maternal thermal stress on heterogeneity in egg provisioning, and followed the effects across generations. We found overall decreases of heterogeneity of egg maternal mRNAs associated with maternal thermal stress. When the eggs produced by the F1 AB generation were crossed with type B sperm and the progeny ('ABB' generation) reared unstressed until maturation, the overall heterogeneity of the eggs produced was greater in a clutch from an individual with a heat-stressed mother compared to one from a non-heat-stressed mother. By examining individual genes, we found no consistent overall effect of thermal stress on heterogeneity of expression in genes involved in developmental buffering. In contrast, heterogeneity of expression in signaling molecules was directly affected by thermal stress., Conclusions: Due to the absence of batch replicates and variation in the number of reads obtained, our conclusions are very limited. However, contrary to the predictions of bet-hedging, the results suggest that maternal thermal stress at the embryo stage is associated with reduced heterogeneity of maternal mRNA provision in the eggs subsequently produced by the stressed individual, but there is then a large increase in heterogeneity in eggs of the next generation, although itself unstressed. Despite its limitations, our study presents a proof of concept, identifying a model system, experimental approach and analytical techniques capable of providing a significant advance in understanding the impact of maternal environment on developmental heterogeneity., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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30. Gene Regulatory Network that Shaped the Evolution of Larval Apical Organ in Cnidaria.

Author: Gilbert E, Craggs J, and Modepalli V
Subjects: Animals, Gene Regulatory Networks, Larva genetics, Neurons, Cnidaria genetics, Anthozoa genetics, Sea Anemones genetics
Abstract: Among non-bilaterian animals, a larval apical sensory organ with integrated neurons is only found in cnidarians. Within cnidarians, an apical organ with a ciliary tuft is mainly found in Actiniaria. Whether this apical tuft has evolved independently in Actiniaria or alternatively originated in the common ancestor of Cnidaria and Bilateria and was lost in specific groups is uncertain. To test this hypothesis, we generated transcriptomes of the apical domain during the planula stage of four species representing three key groups of cnidarians: Aurelia aurita (Scyphozoa), Nematostella vectensis (Actiniaria), and Acropora millepora and Acropora tenuis (Scleractinia). We showed that the canonical genes implicated in patterning the apical domain of N. vectensis are largely absent in A. aurita. In contrast, the apical domain of the scleractinian planula shares gene expression pattern with N. vectensis. By comparing the larval single-cell transcriptomes, we revealed the apical organ cell type of Scleractinia and confirmed its homology to Actiniaria. However, Fgfa2, a vital regulator of the regionalization of the N. vectensis apical organ, is absent in the scleractinian genome. Likewise, we found that FoxJ1 and 245 genes associated with cilia are exclusively expressed in the N. vectensis apical domain, which is in line with the presence of ciliary apical tuft in Actiniaria and its absence in Scleractinia and Scyphozoa. Our findings suggest that the common ancestor of cnidarians lacked a ciliary apical tuft, and it could have evolved independently in the Actiniaria., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
Published: 2024
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31. Two Ciona sister species are not just complex, but wonderful: A study of maternal mRNAs to safeguard life on earth.

Author: Sato A
Subjects: Animals, RNA, Messenger, Stored, DNA Transposable Elements, Ciona, Ciona intestinalis genetics
Published: 2023
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32. Avoiding UV light.

Author: Sachkova M and Modepalli V
Subjects: Animals, Ultraviolet Rays, Larva, Signal Transduction, Polychaeta physiology, Annelida
Abstract: The larvae of an annelid worm use nitric oxide signalling to activate the neural pathways needed to swim away from the harmful ultraviolet light of the sun., Competing Interests: MS, VM No competing interests declared, (© 2023, Sachkova and Modepalli.)
Published: 2023
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33. Spatial distribution of meiofaunal and macrofaunal assemblages in the tidal flats of the southern Korean coast in relation to natural and anthropogenic impacts.

Author: Kim JW, Kim HG, Kim H, Hawkins SJ, Seo IS, and Oh CW
Subjects: Animals, Ecosystem, Anthropogenic Effects, Republic of Korea, Environmental Monitoring, Nematoda, Metals, Heavy analysis
Abstract: We investigated the spatial variability of macrofaunal and meiofaunal assemblages in intertidal flats on the southern coast of Korea. Abiotic and biotic samples were collected at five stations. The species richness, density, and composition of the assemblages differed significantly among stations. Nematoda and Annelida were the most dominant meiofaunal and macrofaunal taxa, respectively, although taxon dominance differed among stations. Distance-based linear models showed that sediment-related variables and heavy metals were the main environmental factors determining the spatial variability of the assemblages. Macrofauna had only sediment-related variables and heavy metals as major environmental factors, but meiofauna were also influenced by other environmental factors such as sea surface temperature, dissolved oxygen-related variables, and salinity. This study can provide basic ecological data for understanding the spatial distribution of macro-meiofaunal assemblages and aid in the development of marine environmental management strategies on the western south coast of Korea., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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34. Seasonal and spatial variability in rates of primary production and detritus release by intertidal stands of Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima on wave-exposed shores in the northeast Atlantic.

Author: Gilson AR, White LJ, Burrows MT, Smale DA, and O'Connor NE
Abstract: Coastal habitats are increasingly recognized as fundamentally important components of global carbon cycles, but the rates of carbon flow associated with marine macrophytes are not well resolved for many species in many regions. We quantified density, rates of primary productivity, and detritus production of intertidal stands of two common intertidal kelp species- Laminaria digitata (oarweed) and Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp)-on four NE Atlantic rocky shores over 22 months. The density of L. digitata was greater at exposed compared to moderately exposed shores but remained consistently low for S. latissima throughout the survey period. Individual productivity and erosion rates of L. digitata did not differ between exposed and moderately exposed shores but differed across exposure levels throughout the year at moderately exposed sites only. Productivity and erosion of S. latissima remained low on moderately exposed shores and showed no clear seasonal pattern. Patterns of productivity and total detrital production (erosion and dislodgement) per m 2 of both L. digitata and S. latissima followed closely that of densities per m 2 , peaking in May during both survey years. Temperature and light were key factors affecting the productivity rates of L. digitata and S. latissima . Erosion rates of L. digitata were affected by wave exposure, temperature, light, grazing, and epiphyte cover, but only temperature-affected erosion of S. latissima . Production of biomass and detritus was greater in L. digitata than in S. latissima and exceeded previous estimates for subtidal and warmer-water affinity kelp populations (e.g., Laminaria ochroleuca ). These biogenic habitats are clearly important contributors to the coastal carbon cycle that have been overlooked previously and should be included in future ecosystem models. Further work is required to determine the areal extent of kelp stands in intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats, which is needed to scale up local production estimates to entire coastlines., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2023
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35. Review of Admirandus Belogurov & Belogurova, 1979 (Nematoda, Oncholaimidae) with the description of a new species and the first record of the genus from Brazil.

Author: Cavalcanti MDF, Guilherme BC, and Rosa-Filho JS
Subjects: Animals, Brazil, Nematoda, Enoplida
Abstract: The present study provides a description of a new Admirandus species from northeastern Brazil, together with an updated species identification key. Admirandus capibaribei sp. n. can be distinguished from all the other Admirandus species by its physical dimensions (body length, a, stoma and spicule ratios), sexual dimorphism of the tail, the absence of pre-cloacal supplements, and the presence of a row of denticles at the base of the right ventrosublateral tooth. While Admirandus has been reported from temperate, subtropical and tropical environments around the world, this is the first record of the genus from Brazil. Further research on Admirandus and other Adoncholaiminae species, which include the integration of morphological and molecular approaches, will be important to provide a better understanding of the taxonomy of this group, as well as on its demanian system.
Published: 2023
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36. Applying landscape metrics to species distribution model predictions to characterize internal range structure and associated changes.

Author: Curd A, Chevalier M, Vasquez M, Boyé A, Firth LB, Marzloff MP, Bricheno LM, Burrows MT, Bush LE, Cordier C, Davies AJ, Green JAM, Hawkins SJ, Lima FP, Meneghesso C, Mieszkowska N, Seabra R, and Dubois SF
Subjects: Humans, Ecosystem, Climate Change
Abstract: Distributional shifts in species ranges provide critical evidence of ecological responses to climate change. Assessments of climate-driven changes typically focus on broad-scale range shifts (e.g. poleward or upward), with ecological consequences at regional and local scales commonly overlooked. While these changes are informative for species presenting continuous geographic ranges, many species have discontinuous distributions-both natural (e.g. mountain or coastal species) or human-induced (e.g. species inhabiting fragmented landscapes)-where within-range changes can be significant. Here, we use an ecosystem engineer species (Sabellaria alveolata) with a naturally fragmented distribution as a case study to assess climate-driven changes in within-range occupancy across its entire global distribution. To this end, we applied landscape ecology metrics to outputs from species distribution modelling (SDM) in a novel unified framework. SDM predicted a 27.5% overall increase in the area of potentially suitable habitat under RCP 4.5 by 2050, which taken in isolation would have led to the classification of the species as a climate change winner. SDM further revealed that the latitudinal range is predicted to shrink because of decreased habitat suitability in the equatorward part of the range, not compensated by a poleward expansion. The use of landscape ecology metrics provided additional insights by identifying regions that are predicted to become increasingly fragmented in the future, potentially increasing extirpation risk by jeopardising metapopulation dynamics. This increased range fragmentation could have dramatic consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning. Importantly, the proposed framework-which brings together SDM and landscape metrics-can be widely used to study currently overlooked climate-driven changes in species internal range structure, without requiring detailed empirical knowledge of the modelled species. This approach represents an important advancement beyond predictive envelope approaches and could reveal itself as paramount for managers whose spatial scale of action usually ranges from local to regional., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2023
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37. Computational modelling of diatom silicic acid transporters predicts a conserved fold with implications for their function and evolution.

Author: Knight MJ, Hardy BJ, Wheeler GL, and Curnow P
Subjects: Membrane Transport Proteins genetics, Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism, Silicon chemistry, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Computer Simulation, Silicic Acid chemistry, Silicic Acid metabolism, Diatoms genetics, Diatoms chemistry, Diatoms metabolism
Abstract: Diatoms are an important group of algae that can produce intricate silicified cell walls (frustules). The complex process of silicification involves a set of enigmatic integral membrane proteins that are thought to actively transport the soluble precursor of biosilica, dissolved silicic acid. Full-length silicic acid transporters are found widely across the diatoms while homologous shorter proteins have now been identified in a range of other organisms. It has been suggested that modern silicic acid transporters arose from the union of such partial sequences. Here, we present a computational study of the silicic acid transporters and related transporter-like sequences to help understand the structure, function and evolution of this class of membrane protein. The AlphaFold software predicts that all of the protein sequences studied here share a common fold in the membrane domain which is entirely different from the predicted folds of non-homologous silicic acid transporters from plants. Substrate docking reveals how conserved polar residues could interact with silicic acid at a central solvent-accessible binding site, consistent with an alternating access mechanism of transport. The structural conservation between these proteins supports a model where modern silicon transporters evolved from smaller ancestral proteins by gene fusion., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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38. HeartCV: a tool for transferrable, automated measurement of heart rate and heart rate variability in transparent animals.

Author: Ibbini Z, Spicer JI, Truebano M, Bishop J, and Tills O
Subjects: Animals, Heart Rate physiology, Heart, Software
Abstract: Heart function is a key component of whole-organismal physiology. Bioimaging is commonly, but not exclusively, used for quantifying heart function in transparent individuals, including early developmental stages of aquatic animals, many of which are transparent. However, a central limitation of many imaging-related methods is the lack of transferability between species, life-history stages and experimental approaches. Furthermore, locating the heart in mobile individuals remains challenging. Here, we present HeartCV: an open-source Python package for automated measurement of heart rate and heart rate variability that integrates automated localization and is transferrable across a wide range of species. We demonstrate the efficacy of HeartCV by comparing its outputs with measurements made manually for a number of very different species with contrasting heart morphologies. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of the software to different experimental approaches and to different dataset types, such as those corresponding to longitudinal studies., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
Published: 2022
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39. Variations of microbial communities and substrate regimes in the eastern Fram Strait between summer and fall.

Author: von Jackowski A, Becker KW, Wietz M, Bienhold C, Zäncker B, Nöthig EM, and Engel A
Subjects: Polymers, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Seasons, Microbiota genetics, Synechococcus genetics
Abstract: Seasonal variations in day length and temperature, in combination with dynamic factors such as advection from the North Atlantic, influence primary production and the microbial loop in the Fram Strait. Here, we investigated the seasonal variability of biopolymers, microbial abundance and microbial composition within the upper 100 m during summer and fall. Flow cytometry revealed a shift in the autotrophic community from picoeukaryotes dominating in summer to a 34-fold increase of Synechococcus by fall. Furthermore, a significant decline in biopolymers concentrations covaried with increasing microbial diversity based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing along with a community shift towards fewer polymer-degrading genera in fall. The seasonal succession in the biopolymer pool and microbes indicates distinct metabolic regimes, with a higher relative abundance of polysaccharide-degrading genera in summer and a higher relative abundance of common taxa in fall. The parallel analysis of DOM and microbial diversity provides an important baseline for microbe-substrate relationships over the seasonal cycle in the Arctic Ocean., (© 2022 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2022
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40. Molecular and cellular architecture of the larval sensory organ in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis.

Author: Gilbert E, Teeling C, Lebedeva T, Pedersen S, Chrismas N, Genikhovich G, and Modepalli V
Subjects: Animals, Genes, Homeobox, Larva, Nervous System, Tooth Apex, Sea Anemones genetics, Sea Anemones metabolism
Abstract: Cnidarians are the only non-bilaterian group to evolve ciliated larvae with an apical sensory organ, which is possibly homologous to the apical organs of bilaterian primary larvae. Here, we generated transcriptomes of the apical tissue in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and showed that it has a unique neuronal signature. By integrating previously published larval single-cell data with our apical transcriptomes, we discovered that the apical domain comprises a minimum of six distinct cell types. We show that the apical organ is compartmentalised into apical tuft cells (spot) and larval-specific neurons (ring). Finally, we identify ISX-like (NVE14554), a PRD class homeobox gene specifically expressed in apical tuft cells, as an FGF signalling-dependent transcription factor responsible for the formation of the apical tuft domain via repression of the neural ring fate in apical cells. With this study, we contribute a comparison of the molecular anatomy of apical organs, which must be carried out across phyla to determine whether this crucial larval structure evolved once or multiple times., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
Published: 2022
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41. 'Boom-and-busted' dynamics of phytoplankton-virus interactions explain the paradox of the plankton.

Author: Flynn KJ, Mitra A, Wilson WH, Kimmance SA, Clark DR, Pelusi A, and Polimene L
Subjects: Ecology, Ecosystem, Food Chain, Plankton, Phytoplankton, Viruses
Abstract: Rapid virus proliferation can exert a powerful control on phytoplankton host populations, playing a significant role in marine biogeochemistry and ecology. We explore how marine lytic viruses impact phytoplankton succession, affecting host and nonhost populations. Using an in silico food web we conducted simulation experiments under a range of different abiotic and biotic conditions, exploring virus-host-grazer interactions and manipulating competition, allometry, motility and cyst cycles. Virus-host and predator-prey interactions, and interactions with competitors, generate bloom dynamics with a pronounced 'boom-and-busted' dynamic (BBeD) which leads to the suppression of otherwise potentially successful phytoplankton species. The BBeD is less pronounced at low nutrient loading through distancing of phytoplankton hosts, while high sediment loading and high nonhost biomass decrease the abundance of viruses through adsorption. Larger hosts are inherently more distanced, but motility increases virus attack, while cyst cycles promote spatial and temporal distancing. Virus control of phytoplankton bloom development appears more important than virus-induced termination of those blooms. This affects plankton succession - not only the growth of species infected by the virus, but also those that compete for the same resources and are collectively subjected to common grazer control. The role of viruses in structuring plankton communities via BBeDs can thus provide an explanation for the paradox of the plankton., (© 2022 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2022 New Phytologist Foundation.)
Published: 2022
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42. Co-expression network analysis of environmental canalization in the ascidian Ciona.

Author: Sato A, Oba GM, Aubert-Kato N, Yura K, and Bishop J
Subjects: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Biological Evolution, Gene Regulatory Networks, Ciona genetics, Ciona intestinalis genetics
Abstract: Background: Canalization, or buffering, is defined as developmental stability in the face of genetic and/or environmental perturbations. Understanding how canalization works is important in predicting how species survive environmental change, as well as deciphering how development can be altered in the evolutionary process. However, how developmental gene expression is linked to buffering remains unclear. We addressed this by co-expression network analysis, comparing gene expression changes caused by heat stress during development at a whole-embryonic scale in reciprocal hybrid crosses of sibling species of the ascidian Ciona that are adapted to different thermal environments., Results: Since our previous work showed that developmental buffering in this group is maternally inherited, we first identified maternal developmental buffering genes (MDBGs) in which the expression level in embryos is both correlated to the level of environmental canalization and also differentially expressed depending on the species' gender roles in hybrid crosses. We found only 15 MDBGs, all of which showed high correlation coefficient values for expression with a large number of other genes, and 14 of these belonged to a single co-expression module. We then calculated correlation coefficients of expression between MDBGs and transcription factors in the central nervous system (CNS) developmental gene network that had previously been identified experimentally. We found that, compared to the correlation coefficients between MDBGs, which had an average of 0.96, the MDBGs are loosely linked to the CNS developmental genes (average correlation coefficient 0.45). Further, we investigated the correlation of each developmental to MDBGs, showing that only four out of 62 CNS developmental genes showed correlation coefficient > 0.9, comparable to the values between MDBGs, and three of these four genes were signaling molecules: BMP2/4, Wnt7, and Delta-like., Conclusions: We show that the developmental pathway is not centrally located within the buffering network. We found that out of 62 genes in the developmental gene network, only four genes showed correlation coefficients as high as between MDBGs. We propose that loose links to MDBGs stabilize spatiotemporally dynamic development., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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43. Paleozoic origins of cheilostome bryozoans and their parental care inferred by a new genome-skimmed phylogeny.

Author: Orr RJS, Di Martino E, Ramsfjell MH, Gordon DP, Berning B, Chowdhury I, Craig S, Cumming RL, Figuerola B, Florence W, Harmelin JG, Hirose M, Huang D, Jain SS, Jenkins HL, Kotenko ON, Kuklinski P, Lee HE, Madurell T, McCann L, Mello HL, Obst M, Ostrovsky AN, Paulay G, Porter JS, Shunatova NN, Smith AM, Souto-Derungs J, Vieira LM, Voje KL, Waeschenbach A, Zágoršek K, Warnock RCM, and Liow LH
Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships and the timing of evolutionary events are essential for understanding evolution on longer time scales. Cheilostome bryozoans are a group of ubiquitous, species-rich, marine colonial organisms with an excellent fossil record but lack phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data. We present genome-skimmed data for 395 cheilostomes and combine these with 315 published sequences to infer relationships and the timing of key events among c. 500 cheilostome species. We find that named cheilostome genera and species are phylogenetically coherent, rendering fossil or contemporary specimens readily delimited using only skeletal morphology. Our phylogeny shows that parental care in the form of brooding evolved several times independently but was never lost in cheilostomes. Our fossil calibration, robust to varied assumptions, indicates that the cheilostome lineage and parental care therein could have Paleozoic origins, much older than the first known fossil record of cheilostomes in the Late Jurassic.
Published: 2022
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44. Annual transcriptome of a key zooplankton species, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus .

Author: Payton L, Noirot C, Last KS, Grigor J, Hüppe L, Conway DVP, Dannemeyer M, Suin A, and Meyer B
Abstract: The copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea, Copepoda) is a key zooplanktonic species with a crucial position in the North Atlantic food web and significant contributor to ocean carbon flux. Like many other high latitude animals, it has evolved a programmed arrested development called diapause to cope with long periods of limited food supply, while growth and reproduction are timed to take advantage of seasonal peaks in primary production. However, anthropogenic warming is inducing changes in the expected timing of phytoplankton blooms, suggesting phenological mismatches with negative consequences for the N. Atlantic ecosystem. While diapause mechanisms are mainly studied in terrestrial arthropods, specifically on laboratory model species, such as the fruit fly Drosophila , the molecular investigations of annual rhythms in wild marine species remain fragmentary. Here we performed a rigorous year-long monthly sampling campaign of C . finmarchicus in a Scottish Loch (UK; 56.45°N, 5.18°W) to generate an annual transcriptome. The mRNA of 36 samples (monthly triplicate of 25 individuals) have been deeply sequenced with an average depth of 137 ± 4 million reads (mean ± SE) per sample, aligned to the reference transcriptome, and filtered. We detail the quality assessment of the datasets and provide a high-quality resource for the investigation of wild annual transcriptomic rhythms (35,357 components) in a key diapausing zooplanktonic species., Competing Interests: We have no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2022
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45. Pleistocene expansion, anthropogenic pressure and ocean currents: Disentangling the past and ongoing evolutionary history of Patella aspera Röding, 1798 in the archipelago of Madeira.

Author: Sousa R, Vasconcelos J, Vera-Escalona I, Pinto AR, Hawkins SJ, Freitas M, Delgado J, González JA, and Riera R
Subjects: Atlantic Ocean, Bayes Theorem, Genetics, Population, Portugal, Genetic Variation, Patella
Abstract: Aims: Rising sea-level following the Last Glacial Maximum lead to fragmentation of coastal limpet populations between islands of the Archipelago of Madeira. This fragmentation is reinforced by recent heavy exploitation reducing effective population size on Madeira Island. We use the limpet P. aspera to understand how the role of processes at different time scales (i.e. changes in the sea level and overexploitation) can influence the genetic composition of an extant species, relating these processes to reproductive phenology and seasonal shifts in ocean currents., Location: Madeira Island, Porto Santo and Desertas (Archipelago of Madeira, NE Atlantic Ocean)., Taxon: The limpet Patella aspera., Methods: Twelve microsatellite genetic markers were used. A power analysis was used to evaluate the power of the microsatellite markers to detect a signal of population differentiation. Long-term past migrations were assessed using a Bayesian Markov Montecarlo approach in the software MIGRATE-n to estimate mutation-scaled migration rates (M = m/μ; m, probability of a lineage immigrating per generation; μ, mutation rate). Two scenarios were evaluated using an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) in the software DIYABC 2.1 (i) Scenario 1: considered a population scenario from a reduced Ne at time t 3 to a higher Ne at time t 2 ; and (ii) Scenario 2 considering a reduction of Ne from a time t 3 to a time t 2 ., Results: Colonization of the archipelago by Portuguese settlers six centuries ago probably led to an important decrease in the genetic diversity of the species (N e ). Contemporary gene flow strongly support a pattern of high asymmetric connectivity explained by the reproductive phenology of the species and spatio-temporal seasonal changes in the ocean currents. Spatio-temporal reconstructions using Bayesian methods, including coalescent and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approaches, suggest changes in the migration patterns from highly symmetric to highly asymmetric connectivity with subtle population differentiation as consequence of post-glacial maximum sea level rise during the Holocene., Main Conclusions: Our results suggest that anthropogenic activity could have had serious effects on the genetic diversity of heavily exploited littoral species since the end of the Pleistocene, probably accelerating in recent years., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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46. On the diversity and distribution of a data deficient habitat in a poorly mapped region: The case of Sabellaria alveolata L. in Ireland.

Author: Firth LB, Curd A, Hawkins SJ, Knights AM, Blaze JA, Burrows MT, Dubois SF, Edwards H, Foggo A, Gribben PE, Grant L, Harris D, Mieszkowska N, Nunes FLD, Nunn JD, Power AM, O'Riordan RM, McGrath D, Simkanin C, and O'Connor NE
Subjects: Animals, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Coral Reefs, Ecosystem, Ireland, Alveolata, Polychaeta
Abstract: Data that can be used to monitor biodiversity through time are essential for conservation and management. The reef-forming worm, Sabellaria alveolata (L. 1767) is currently classed as 'Data Deficient' due to an imbalance in the spread of data on its distribution. Little is known about the distribution of this species around Ireland. Using data archaeology, we collated past and present distribution records and discovered that S. alveolata has a discontinuous distribution with large gaps between populations. Many regions lack data and should be targeted for sampling. Biodiversity surveys revealed that S. alveolata supported diverse epibiotic algal communities. Retrograding (declining) reefs supported greater infaunal diversity than prograding (growing) reefs or sand, suggesting that S. alveolata is a dynamic ecosystem engineer that has a lasting legacy effect. Similar research should be carried out for other Data Deficient species, habitats and regions. Such data are invaluable resources for management and conservation., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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47. Healthy herds in the phytoplankton: the benefit of selective parasitism.

Author: Laundon D, Mock T, Wheeler G, and Cunliffe M
Subjects: Animals, Ecology, Eukaryota, Food Chain, Humans, Population Dynamics, Symbiosis, Phytoplankton, Predatory Behavior
Abstract: The impact of selective predation of weaker individuals on the general health of prey populations is well-established in animal ecology. Analogous processes have not been considered at microbial scales despite the ubiquity of microbe-microbe interactions, such as parasitism. Here we present insights into the biotic interactions between a widespread marine thraustochytrid and a diatom from the ecologically important genus Chaetoceros. Physiological experiments show the thraustochytrid targets senescent diatom cells in a similar way to selective animal predation on weaker prey individuals. This physiology-selective targeting of 'unhealthy' cells appears to improve the overall health (i.e., increased photosynthetic quantum yield) of the diatom population without impacting density, providing support for 'healthy herd' dynamics in a protist-protist interaction, a phenomenon typically associated with animal predators and their prey. Thus, our study suggests caution against the assumption that protist-protist parasitism is always detrimental to the host population and highlights the complexity of microbial interactions.
Published: 2021
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48. Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphisms in Two Sympatric Ascidian Lineages.

Author: Satou Y, Sato A, Yasuo H, Mihirogi Y, Bishop J, Fujie M, Kawamitsu M, Hisata K, and Satoh N
Subjects: Animals, Genome Size, Polymorphism, Genetic, Chromosome Inversion, Ciona intestinalis genetics, Sympatry
Abstract: Chromosomal rearrangements can reduce fitness of heterozygotes and can thereby prevent gene flow. Therefore, such rearrangements can play a role in local adaptation and speciation. In particular, inversions are considered to be a major potential cause for chromosomal speciation. There are two closely related, partially sympatric lineages of ascidians in the genus Ciona, which we call type-A and type-B animals in the present study. Although these invertebrate chordates are largely isolated reproductively, hybrids can be found in wild populations, suggesting incomplete prezygotic barriers. Although the genome of type-A animals has been decoded and widely used, the genome for type-B animals has not been decoded at the chromosomal level. In the present study, we sequenced the genomes of two type-B individuals from different sides of the English Channel (in the zone of sympatry with type-A individuals) and compared them at the chromosomal level with the type-A genome. Although the overall structures were well conserved between type A and type B, chromosomal alignments revealed many inversions differentiating these two types of Ciona; it is probable that the frequent inversions have contributed to separation between these two lineages. In addition, comparisons of the genomes between the two type-B individuals revealed that type B had high rates of inversion polymorphisms and nucleotide polymorphisms, and thus type B might be in the process of differentiation into multiple new types or species. Our results suggest an important role of inversions in chromosomal speciation of these broadcasting spawners., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
Published: 2021
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49. Ocean warming and species range shifts affect rates of ecosystem functioning by altering consumer-resource interactions.

Author: Gilson AR, Smale DA, and O'Connor N
Subjects: Climate Change, Forests, Oceans and Seas, Ecosystem, Kelp
Abstract: Recent warming trends have driven widespread changes in the performance and distribution of species in many regions, with consequent shifts in assemblage structure and ecosystem functioning. However, as responses to warming vary across species and regions, novel communities are emerging, particularly where warm-affinity range-expanding species have rapidly colonized communities still dominated by cold-affinity species. Such community reconfiguration may alter core ecosystem processes, such as productivity or nutrient cycling, yet it remains unclear whether novel communities function similarly to those they have replaced, and how continued warming will alter functioning in the near future. Using simplified kelp forest communities as a model system, we compared rates of respiration, consumption and secondary productivity between current cold-affinity and future warm-affinity kelp assemblages under both present-day temperatures and near-future warming in a series of mesocosm experiments. Overall, respiration rates of gastropods and amphipods increased with warming but did not differ between cold and warm affinity kelp assemblages. Consumption rates of three consumers (urchin, gastropod and amphipod) differed between kelp assemblages but only amphipod consumption rates increased with warming. A diet derived from warm-affinity kelp assemblages led to a decrease in growth and biomass of urchins, whereas the response of other consumers was variable depending on temperature treatment. These results suggest that climate-driven changes in assemblage structure of primary producers will alter per capita rates of ecosystem functioning, and that specific responses may vary in complex and unpredictable ways, with some mediated by warming more than others. Understanding how differences in life history and functional traits of dominant species will affect ecological interactions and, in turn, important ecosystem processes is crucial to understanding the wider implications of climate-driven community reconfiguration., (© 2021 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America.)
Published: 2021
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50. Shortfin mako sharks speeding to the brink.

Author: Sims DW, Mucientes G, and Queiroz N
Subjects: Animals, Endangered Species, Extinction, Biological, Sharks
Published: 2021
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