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Case summary An 11-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred for surgical management of a traumatic right stifle luxation. Orthopaedic examination of the affected stifle under general anaesthesia revealed joint effusion and craniocaudal and rotational instability. Cranial displacement of the tibia with respect to the femur and infrapatellar pad sign were identified on radiography. Intraoperatively, complete rupture of both cruciate ligaments and marked disruption of the mid and caudal poles of the medial and lateral menisci were observed. Both collateral ligaments appeared intact. The remnants of the injured cruciate ligaments were removed, and medial and lateral caudal hemimeniscectomies were performed. A tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) was performed to address the craniocaudal stifle instability. Intraoperative assessment of the stifle revealed persistent instability with cranial tibial translation, internal and external rotation, and a positive caudal draw test. A lateral augmentation suture was employed to address the persistent cranial tibial translation and internal rotation. To successfully neutralise caudocranial and external rotational instability secondary to the caudal cruciate ligament deficiency, a medial augmentation suture was placed with the aid of three interference screws. Stifle stability was achieved. A modified Robert-Jones bandage was kept on for 24 h postoperatively. An excellent outcome was achieved, with successful limb function restoration. Relevance and novel information This case report represents the first documented instance of feline traumatic stifle luxation repair by combining a corrective tibial osteotomy and extra-articular augmentation. Notably, it introduces the novel technique of implementing a TPLO with medial and lateral augmentation sutures to address multidirectional stifle instability.

Abstract Objectives To describe multiligament stifle injury in dogs and report complications and long‐term outcomes. Methods Medical records of dogs surgically treated for multiligament stifle injury were reviewed from six veterinary hospitals. Long‐term follow‐up was collected from referring veterinarians. Results Twenty‐six client‐owned dogs and 26 stifles were included. Road traffic accidents and limb entrapment were the most common causes of injury. Cranial cruciate and lateral collateral ligament rupture was the most common combination of injury (10 cases). The caudal cruciate ligament was damaged in 12/23 cases but was surgically addressed in only 2 cases. Cranial cruciate ligament rupture was present in all cases and was managed using TPLO (6 cases), extracapsular suture (15 cases) and TTA (2 cases). Postoperative immobilisation with a transarticular external skeletal fixator was used in 4/26 cases. Intraoperative complications were reported in 2/23 cases, short‐term complications in 17/25 cases, of which eight were major, and long‐term complications in 7/18, of which two were major. Patella luxation was seen in one case and is a previously unreported complication. The overall outcome was excellent in 9/24 cases, good in 5/24 cases, fair in 7/24 cases and poor in 3/24 cases. Follow‐up time ranged from 1.5 months to 9 years with the median (IQR) of 9.5 (4.0 to 28.5) months. Conclusions Multiligament stifle injury in dogs is associated with a high rate of major complications. The overall outcome was good to excellent in just over half of the dogs.

Yeast cell wall are a source of prebiotics in animal nutrition, able to improve microbial function in the large intestine. The purpose of this paper was to compare the fermentability of six Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) cell wall obtained from three production processes (alcoholic, brewers and bakers). For each production process the two aliquots characterised by the highest the lowest carbohydrate levels were selected. In order to perform the in vitro trial, each SC substrate was incubated at 39 °C under anaerobic condition for 72 h, using cat faecal inoculum. The results showed that the production processes did not affect organic matter disappearance, while significantly (p

T-house represents the most advanced stage of a work that responds to the increasingly urgent and dramatic ecological and environmental crisis, focusing on the relationship between man and Earth and imagining an architecture whose languages, figures and physiologies build a harmonious and balanced link between civilization and biosphere.

This work presents a review and discussion of the challenges that must be solved in order to successfully develop swarms of Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) for real world operations. From the discussion, we extract constraints and links that relate the local level MAV capabilities to the global operations of the swarm. These should be taken into account when designing swarm behaviors in order to maximize the utility of the group. At the lowest level, each MAV should operate safely. Robustness is often hailed as a pillar of swarm robotics, and a minimum level of local reliability is needed for it to propagate to the global level. An MAV must be capable of autonomous navigation within an environment with sufficient trustworthiness before the system can be scaled up. Once the operations of the single MAV are sufficiently secured for a task, the subsequent challenge is to allow the MAVs to sense one another within a neighborhood of interest. Relative localization of neighbors is a fundamental part of self-organizing robotic systems, enabling behaviors ranging from basic relative collision avoidance to higher level coordination. This ability, at times taken for granted, also must be sufficiently reliable. Moreover, herein lies a constraint: the design choice of the relative localization sensor has a direct link to the behaviors that the swarm can (and should) perform. Vision-based systems, for instance, force MAVs to fly within the field of view of their camera. Range or communication-based solutions, alternatively, provide omni-directional relative localization, yet can be victim to unobservable conditions under certain flight behaviors, such as parallel flight, and require constant relative excitation. At the swarm level, the final outcome is thus intrinsically influenced by the on-board abilities and sensors of the individual. The real-world behavior and operations of an MAV swarm intrinsically follow in a bottom-up fashion as a result of the local level limitations in cognition, relative knowledge, communication, power, and safety. Taking these local limitations into account when designing a global swarm behavior is key in order to take full advantage of the system, enabling local limitations to become true strengths of the swarm.

Unpublished urban perspectives and hybrid architectural bodies take shape in Cherubino Gambardella's drawings, variegated scenarios in which you can see, among inextricable interweaving, fragments of reality reconfigured in spaces that live poised between reminiscence and fantasy.

Cave House è una ristrutturazione a basso costo (circa 300€/mq) di un piccolo appartamento a Napoli realizzata con materiali semplici ed economici (legno, cartongesso, gres, vetro). In linea con l'idea di fusione simbiotica uomo-natura del pensiero postumano, il processo creativo mira a plasmare un luogo spurio, capace di tenere insieme la fisiologia.

Living Wall stems from the idea of bringing the order, complexity, and differentiation of a living system into the domestic context to build a sensory bridge between the space of the home and the natural environment.

The accumulation of adipose tissue in the body occurs because the energy introduced with food and drink exceeds that expense, but to understand why this imbalance is established and why it is maintained over time, it is important to consider the main causes and risk factors of excess weight. In this review, we will refer to the main factors linked to obesity, starting from oxidative stress to hormonal factors including the role of obesity in breast cancer. Among the many hypotheses formulated on the etiopathology of obesity, a key role can be attributed to the relationship between stress oxidative and intestinal microbiota. Multiple evidences tend to show that genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle factors contribute to determine in the obese an imbalance of the redox balance correlated with the alteration of the intestinal microbial flora. Obesity acts negatively on the wound healing, in fact several studies indicate morbid obesity significantly increased the risk of a post-operative wound complication and infection. Currently, in the treatment of obesity, medical interventions are aimed not only at modifying caloric intake, but also to modulate and improve the composition of diet with the aim of rebalancing the microbiota-redox state axis.