Search

Your search keyword '"Mario Küßner"' showing total 7 results
Start Over Author "Mario Küßner"
7 results on '"Mario Küßner"'

1. Kinship practices at the early bronze age site of Leubingen in Central Germany

Author

Sandra Penske, Mario Küßner, Adam B. Rohrlach, Corina Knipper, Jan Nováček, Ainash Childebayeva, Johannes Krause, and Wolfgang Haak

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract With the beginning of the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe ~ 2200 BC, a regional and supra-regional hierarchical social organization emerged with few individuals in positions of power (chiefs), set apart by rich graves with extensive burial constructions. However, the social organization and stratification within the majority of people, who represent the non-elite, remain unclear. Here, we present genome-wide data of 46 individuals from the Early Bronze Age burial ground of Leubingen in today’s Germany, integrating archaeological, genetic and strontium isotope data to gain new insights into Early Bronze Age societies. We were able to reconstruct five pedigrees which constitute the members of close biological kinship groups (parents and their offspring), and also identify individuals who are not related to individuals buried at the site. Based on combined lines of evidence, we observe that the kinship structure of the burial community was predominantly patrilineal/virilocal involving female exogamy. Further, we detect a difference in the amount of grave goods among the individuals buried at Leubingen based on genetic sex, age at death and locality but see no difference in the types of grave goods.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe

Author

Adam B. Rohrlach, Luka Papac, Ainash Childebayeva, Maïté Rivollat, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Gunnar U. Neumann, Sandra Penske, Eirini Skourtanioti, Marieke van de Loosdrecht, Murat Akar, Kamen Boyadzhiev, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Marie-France Deguilloux, Miroslav Dobeš, Yilmaz S. Erdal, Michal Ernée, Marcella Frangipane, Mirosław Furmanek, Susanne Friederich, Emmanuel Ghesquière, Agata Hałuszko, Svend Hansen, Mario Küßner, Marcello Mannino, Rana Özbal, Sabine Reinhold, Stéphane Rottier, Domingo Carlos Salazar-García, Jorge Soler Diaz, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Consuelo Roca de Togores Muñoz, K. Aslihan Yener, Cosimo Posth, Johannes Krause, Alexander Herbig, and Wolfgang Haak

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240 k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the "mappable" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240 k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Architecture and Settlement Dynamics in Central Germany from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age

Author

ROBERTO RISCH, SUSANNE FRIEDERICH, MARIO KÜSSNER, and HARALD MELLER

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

The wealth of settlement evidence has supposed a decisive difference between prehistoric archaeology of the Mediterranean compared to that of Central Europe. This situation has changed substantially during recent years due to large scale rescue excavations carried out in central and eastern Germany. Individual houses as well as large settlement complexes have been systematically recorded and can now be dated to the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. The catalogue of all ground plans discovered up to 2019 in the federal states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia has recently been published as a supplementary volume of the proceedings of the conference ‘Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Settlement Archaeology’, held in Halle (Saale) in October 2018. Based on the geographical distribution, shape, size, orientation, and dating of the more than 240 building ground plans, the present study examines the architecture and settlement development of the Corded Ware and Bell Beaker communities, as well as of the Únětice complex, between the rivers Saale and Elbe. This analysis offers new insight into the way of life of the first full metalworking societies of central Germany from the 3rd and first half of the 2nd millennium bce, which so far have mainly been approached through their outstanding, but numerically limited, funerary remains and hoards.

Published
2022

4. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe

Author

Marie-France Deguilloux, Agata Hałuszko, Maïté Rivollat, Sandra Penske, J. S. Díaz, Michal Ernée, Eirini Skourtanioti, Miroslav Dobeš, Cosimo Posth, Mario Küßner, Stéphane Rottier, Gunnar U. Neumann, Emmanuel Ghesquière, Susanne Friederich, Yılmaz Selim Erdal, Adam Ben Rohrlach, Rana Özbal, Svend Hansen, Marcella Frangipane, Marcello A. Mannino, Ainash Childebayeva, Consuelo Roca de Togores Muñoz, Sabine Reinhold, Murat Akar, Wolfgang Haak, Alexander Herbig, Luka Papac, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Domingo C. Salazar-García, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Kamen Boyadzhiev, Johannes Krause, K. Aslıhan Yener, Mirosław Furmanek, Marieke Sophia van de Loosdrecht, Philipp W. Stockhammer, European Commission, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Adelaide, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Mustafa Kemal University, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt - State Museum of Prehistory, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université (NU), German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Koç University, Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), University of Cape Town, Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial [UPM, Spain] (DIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Universitat de València (UV), Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III [Bonn, Germany], Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), MARQ - Museo Arqueológico Provincial de Alicante (MARQ), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Max Planck Society Foundation CELLEX, French (ANR) French National Research Agency (ANR), German (DFG) Research Foundations under the INTERACT project German Research Foundation (DFG) [ANR17-FRAL-0010, DFG-HA-5407/4-1], European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union European Research Council (ERC) [771234-PALEoRIDER], Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague Czech Academy of Sciences [RVO 67985912], Projekt DEAL, ANR-17-FRAL-0010,INTERACT,Interactions entre groupes humains en Europe de l'Ouest durant la transition Mésolithique-Néolithique: la double perspective des échanges biologiques et culturels(2017), Özbal, Rana (ORCID 0000-0001-6765-2765 & YÖK ID 55583), Rohrlach, A.B., Papac, L., Childebayeva, A., Rivollat, M., Villalba Mouco, V., Neumann, G.U., Penske, S., Skourtanioti, E., van de Loosdrecht, M., Akar, M., Boyadzhiev, K., Boyadzhiev, Y., Deguilloux, M.F., Dobes, M., Erdal, Y.S., Ernée, M., Frangipane, M., Furmanek, M., Friederich, S., Ghesquière, E., Ha?uszko, A., Hansen, S., Küßner, M., Mannino, M., Reinhold, S., Rottier, S., Salazar García, D.C., Diaz, J.S., Stockhammer, P.W., de Togores Muñoz, C.R., Yener, K.A., Posth, C., Krause, J., Herbig, A., Haak, W., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Archeology and History of Art, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Max Planck Society, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), German Research Foundation, European Research Council, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), and Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science

Subjects
Czech, SELECTION, Population genetics, MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA, early farmers, DIVERSITY, mitochondrial DNA, shotgun sequencing, Prehistòria, Haplogroup, German, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, DNA sequencing, Science and technology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Horizon (archaeology), Critical event, Shotgun sequencing, chromosomal haplogroups, European research, STEPPE, Western europe, language, Medicine, Genetic Markers, Mitochondrial DNA, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, uniparentally-inherited markers, Science, Library science, Biology, Y chromosome, DNA, Mitochondrial, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Target enrichment, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Political science, Humans, media_common.cataloged_instance, ANCIENT DNA, Genetic Testing, European union, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, MUTATION-RATE, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Saturation (genetic), History and Archaeology, Y-mappable capture assay, Ancient DNA, Neanderthals, Anatomically modern humans, language.human_language, Neolithic transition, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, GENOMIC HISTORY, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240 k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the "mappable" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240 k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe., Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This study was funded by the Max Planck Society, the French (ANR) and German (DFG) Research Foundations under the INTERACT project (ANR-17-FRAL-0010, DFG-HA-5407/4-1, 2018-2021) to M.R. and W.H., the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant agreement no. 771234-PALEoRIDER to W.H., the award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences to M.E. and the project RVO 67985912 of the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague to M.S.

Published
2021

5. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Oleg Balanovsky, Lourdes Marquez-Morfin, Magdalena Zoledziewska, Susannah J. Salter, Cody E. Parker, Kirsten I. Bos, Kathrin Nägele, Domingo C. Salazar-García, Kerttu Majander, Vittorio Mazzarello, Cosimo Posth, Kurt W. Alt, Elmira Khussainova, Silvia Teresita Hernández Godoy, Richard Mortimer, Ayshin Ghalichi, Alexander Herbig, Lars Fehren-Schmitz, Leyla B. Djansugurova, Dmitry A. Stashenkov, Raiko Krauß, Mikhail S. Chaplygin, Tiago Ferraz, Patrick Semal, Eva Rosenstock, Michal Kostka, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Harald Meller, Petr Limburský, Mario Küßner, Tara Ingman, Maïté Rivollat, Eva Fernández-Domínguez, Rodrigo Barquera, Robin Skeates, Kamen Boyadzhiev, Denise Kühnert, Mirjana Roksandic, Adam Ben Rohrlach, Alexandra P. Buzhilova, Alissa Mittnik, Yadira Chinique de Armas, Johannes Krause, Marie-France Deguilloux, Aleksandr Khokhlov, Rezeda I. Tukhbatova, Elizabeth Popescu, Lucy C. Salazar, Andrey A. Chizhevsky, Christopher Read, Hubert Steiner, Melanie Van Twest, Eveline Altena, Diana Iraíz Hernández-Zaragoza, Lyazzat Musralina, Megan Michel, Íñigo García-Martínez de Lagrán, Anatoly R. Kantorovich, Katrien Van de Vijver, Alžbeta Danielisová, Rachel Clarke, Duncan Sayer, Bastien Llamas, Nikolaj Makarov, Alejandro Romero, Luka Papac, Alessandra Sperduti, Vladimir E. Maslov, Rafael Garrido-Pena, Gunnar U. Neumann, Arman Z. Beisenov, Zainolla Samashev, Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone, Päivi Onkamo, Eduardo Carmona Ballestero, Javier Jimenez-Echevarria, Valery Khartanovich, Manuel Rojo-Guerra, Fredrik Hallgren, Eirini Skourtanioti, Natalia Shishlina, Luca Lai, Petr Velemínský, Antti Sajantila, Peter C. Ramsl, Claudia Sagona, Susanne Friederich, Miroslav Dobeš, Marcel Keller, Francesco Cucca, Sabine Reinhold, Florian van Bömmel, Luc Amkreutz, Vittoria Schimmenti, Raphaela Stahl, Douglas Baird, Marina K. Karapetian, Kurt Rademaker, Stephan Schiffels, Sacha Kacki, Evelyn K. Guevara, Michael Francken, Christina Warinner, Kay Prüfer, Karen Giffin, Felix M. Key, Joscha Gretzinger, Alexey Kalmykov, Svetlana Shnaider, Sandra Penske, Antje Wissgott, Tiffiny A. Tung, Biaslan Ch. Atabiev, Philippe Lefranc, Elizabeth A. Nelson, Peter de Knijff, Vladimir Slavchev, Jessica Pearson, Yılmaz Selim Erdal, Louise Loe, Jan Nováček, Micaela Alvarez Calmet, José I. Royo-Guillén, Richard L. Burger, Kristiina Mannermaa, K. Aslıhan Yener, Maria Pfefferkorn, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Svend Hansen, Didier Binder, Michal Ernée, Maria A. Spyrou, Michal Feldman, Vladimir V. Kufterin, Murat Akar, Héctor Arcusa-Magallón, Andrej B. Belinskiy, Egor Kitov, Franziska Aron, Ron Hübler, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Sophie Beckett, Jessica Beckett, Arthur Kocher, Michael Schultz, Elena Batieva, Pilar Utrilla, Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez, Kristin von Heyking, Masnav Navruzbekov, Michaela Langová, Maria Paz Miguel de Ibáñez, Stéphane Rottier, Maria V. Dobrovolskaya, Sandra Lösch, Emma D. Zilivinskaya, Dmitry V. Vasilev, Gabriel García Atiénzar, Marcello A. Mannino, Wolfgang Haak, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Sylvie Saintot, Alice Lyons, Ken Massy, Elena Kaverzneva, Susanna Sabin, Carmen Alonso-Fernández, Anna F. Kochkina, Marieke Sophia van de Loosdrecht, Stefanie Eisenmann, Max Planck Society, European Commission, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Wenner-Gren Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan), Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Prehistoria y Protohistoria, Grupo de Inmunología, Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Ingman, Tara, Kocher, A., Papac, L., Barquera, R., Key, FM., Spyrou, MA., Hubler, R., Rohrlach, AB., Aron, F., Stahl, R., Wissgott, A., van Bommel, F., Pfefferkorn, M., Mittnik, A., Villalba-Mouco, V., Neumann, GU., Rivollat, M., van de Loosdrecht, MS., Majander, K., Tukhbatova, RI., Musralina, L., Ghalichi, A., Penske, S., Sabin, S., Michel, M., Gretzinger, J., Nelson, EA., Ferraz, T., Nagele, K., Parker, C., Keller, M., Guevara, EK., Feldman, M., Eisenmann, S., Skourtanioti, E., Giffin, K., Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA., Friederich, S., Schimmenti, V., Khartanovich, V., Karapetian, MK., Chaplygin, MS., Kufterin, VV., Khokhlov, AA., Chizhevsky, AA., Stashenkov, DA., Kochkina, AF., Tejedor-Rodriguez, C., de Lagran, IGM., Arcusa-Magallon, H., Garrido-Pena, R., Royo-Guillen, JI., Novacek, J., Rottier, S., Kacki, S., Saintot, S., Kaverzneva, E., Belinskiy, AB., Veleminsky, P., Limbursky, P., Kostka, M., Loe, L., Popescu, E., Clarke, R., Lyons, A., Mortimer, R., Sajantila, A., de Armas, YC., Godoy, STH., Hernandez-Zaragoza, DI., Pearson, J., Binder, D., Lefranc, P., Kantorovich, AR., Maslov, VE., Lai, L., Zoledziewska, M., Beckett, JF., Langova, M., Atienzar, GG., Ibanez, MPD, Romero, A., Sperduti, A., Beckett, S., Salter, SJ., Zilivinskaya, ED., Vasil, DV., von Heyking, K., Burger, RL., Salazar, LC., Amkreutz, L., Navruzbekov, M., Rosenstock, E., Alonso-Fernandez, C., Slavchev, V., Kalmykov, AA., Atabiev, BC., Batieva, E, Calmet, MA., Llamas, B., Schultz, M., Krauss, R., Jimenez-Echevarria, J., Francken, M., Shnaider, S., de Knijff, P., Altena, E., Van de Vijver, K., Fehren-Schmitz, L., Tung, TA., Losch, S., Dobrovolskaya, M., Makarov, N., Read, C., Van Twest, M., Sagona, C., Ramsl, PC., Akar, M., Yener, KA., Ballestero, EC., Cucca, F., Mazzarello, V., Utrilla, P., Rademaker, K., Fernandez-Dominguez, E., Baird, D., Semal, P., Marquez-Morfin, L, Roksandic, M., Steiner, H., Salazar-Garcia, DC., Shishlina, N. Erdal, YS., Hallgren, F., Boyadzhiev, Y., Boyadzhiev, K., Kussner, M., Sayer, D., Onkamo, P., Skeates, R., Rojo-Guerra, M., Buzhilova, A., Khussainova, E., Djansugurova, LB., Beisenov, AZ., Samashev, Z., Massy, K., Mannino, M., Moiseyev, V., Mannermaa, K., Balanovsky, O., Deguilloux, MF., Reinhold, S., Hansen, S., Kitov, EP., Dobes, M., Ernee, M., Meller, H., Prufer, Kay., Warinner, C., Schiffels, S., Stockhammer, PW., Bos, K., Posth, C., Herbig, A., Haak, W., Krause, J., Kuhnert, D., and Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)

Subjects
Phylogeographic history, Hepatitis B/history, 01 natural sciences, The Republic, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, German, Communicable Diseases, Emerging/history, Agency (sociology), Science and technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ancient DNA, European research, virus diseases, Genomics, Hepatitis B, 3. Good health, Europe, language, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Christian ministry, Paleogenomic analyses, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, 010506 paleontology, Hepatitis B virus, Asia, Hepatitis B virus/classification, European Continental Ancestry Group, Library science, Biología Celular, White People, Marie curie, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, American Natives, Asian People, Political science, Genomic data, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, Slovak, European union, American Indian or Alaska Native, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Genetic Variation, Paleontology, Prehistoria, A300, language.human_language, digestive system diseases, American natives, Americas, Asian continental ancestry group, Communicable diseases, Emerging, European continental ancestry group, Evolution, molecular, Genetic variation
Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic., The research was funded by the Max Planck Society, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (771234–PALEoRIDER, to W.H.; 805268–CoDisEASe to K. Bos; 834616–ARCHCAUCASUS to S.H.), the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme and Marie Curie Actions under the Programme SASPRO (1340/03/03 to P.C.R.), the ERA.NET RUS Plus–S&T programm of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (277–BIOARCCAUCASUS to S.Re. and S.H.), the Werner Siemens Stiftung (“Paleobiochemistry”, to CW), the Award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences (to M.E.), the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985912, to M.Dobe.), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (19-09-00354a, to M.K.K. and V.V.K.; 19-78-10053 to SSh), the German Research Foundation (DFG-HA-5407/4-1–INTERACT to W.H. and RE2688/2 to S.Re.), the French National Research Agency (ANR-17-FRAL-0010–INTERACT, to M.F.D., M.Ri., S.Ro., S.Sai., D.Bi., and P.Le.), the Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant (9558 to S.Sab.), and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP08856654 to L.B.D., L.M., and E.Kh. and AP08857177 to A.Z.B.).

Published
2021

6. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe

Author

Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Rohrlach, Adam B., Papac, Luka, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rivollat, Maite, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Penske, Sandra, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, Akar, Murat, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Deguilloux, Marie France, Dobes, Miroslav, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Ernee, Michal, Frangipane, Marcella, Furmanek, Miroslaw, Friederich, Susanne, Ghesquiere, Emmanuel, Haluszko, Agata, Hansen, Svend, Mario Küßner, Mannino, Marcello, Özbal, Rana, Reinhold, Sabine, Rottier, Stéphane, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Yener, K. Aslihan, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Rohrlach, Adam B., Papac, Luka, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rivollat, Maite, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Penske, Sandra, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, Akar, Murat, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Deguilloux, Marie France, Dobes, Miroslav, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Ernee, Michal, Frangipane, Marcella, Furmanek, Miroslaw, Friederich, Susanne, Ghesquiere, Emmanuel, Haluszko, Agata, Hansen, Svend, Mario Küßner, Mannino, Marcello, Özbal, Rana, Reinhold, Sabine, Rottier, Stéphane, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Yener, K. Aslihan, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Herbig, Alexander, and Haak, Wolfgang

Abstract

Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the "mappable" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe.

Published
2021

7. Settlements and houses from the Early Bronze Age in Campania: three case studies

Author

Albore Livadie, Claude, Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Landesmuseum fur Vorgeschichte Halle, Harald Meller, Susanne Friederich, Mario Küßner, Harald Stäuble, Roberto Risch, and Albore Livadie, Claude

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Italie, Gricignano, Afragola, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Somma-Vésuve, habitats, Campanie, Nola, Habitations, Bronze ancien
Abstract

Three Bronze Age settlements in Campania are examined and discussed here: Nola, Gricignano, and Afragola. All were affected in different ways by the Avellino Plinian eruption of Mount Vesuvius (355o± 2o BP, 1952–1778 cal BC 2σ). Nola and Afragola were destroyed, while in Gricignano, an older settle- ment already deserted when the eruption occurred, the agrar- ian structures were fossilised by the eruption.In Gricignano, the main axis of the settlement ran in a north-west/south-east direction, and the same orientation appeared again in the house structures. Most of the houses had a rectangular ground-plan with an apse, and were of vari- ous sizes (ranging from 1om or less to more than 2om). A sim- ilar typology appeared at Afragola and Nola, where tim- ber-built houses with a single nave, an apse at one end, and a ridge beam supported by internal posts were attested.Small, square or rectangular structures probably served either as storage facilities, possibly silos, or as stables. The three sites appeared to lack any defensive structures, a com- mon characteristic of Early Bronze Age settlements of the region (Palma Campania Culture). At Afragola, the eruption razed the village to the ground – both houses and ancillary structures. At Nola, the specific nature of the eruption (with a phreatomagmatic phase following the deposition of pumice) resulted in the creation of a layer of hardened ash, forming a natural negative mould that permitted the documentation of the structures to a height of 1.4 m. At Nola, it was also possible to investigate in detail the building construction techniques, the arrangement of domestic items (vessels and utensils found in situ in different rooms) and the methods of preser ving and storing foodstuffs, and to calculate the original height of the houses (3.75–7.5 m).Finally, the detailed analysis made it possible to model both the « horseshoe-shaped» dwellings typical of the region and the common metric unit upon which their construction was based, which was found to correspond exactly with the units of measurement used in Roman times., Ma communication prend en compte trois sites de la Plaine campanienne (Nola, Gricignano et Afragola), intéressés, mais de façon dissemblable par l'éruption plinienne dite des Ponces d'Avellino (355o±2o BP, 1952–1778 cal BC 2σ). Deux d'entre eux (Nola et Afragola) furent détruits par l'éruption; le village de Gricignano, plus ancien, était déjà abandonné au moment de la catastrophe. Toutefois sur son emplacement les structures agraires fossilisées par cette même éruption ont pu être étudiées.À Gricignano, la planimétrie du village dont l'axe majeur est orientée en direction nord-ouest/sud-est repropose l'orientation principale des habitations, qui ont principalement une forme rectangulaire absidée et sont de dimensions variées (de 1om ou moins encore, à plus de 2om). Une typologie semblable se repropose à Nola et à Afragola où sont attestées les mêmes formes de bâtiments à ossature de bois et à nef uniquepourvue d’une extrémité en forme d'abside, dont la poutre faîtière est tenue par des poteaux internes.Des constructions de petites dimensions, rectangulaires ou carrées, pourraient appartenir à des entrepôts (des silos peut être) ou à des étables. Les trois sites, comme en général les habitats du Bronze ancien de la région (Culture de Palma Campania),semblent être caractérisés par l'absence de structures défensives. À Afragola, l'éruption a rasé le village –habitations et structures attenantes. À Nola, la spécificité del'éruption (phase phréato-magmatique qui a suivi la phase de retombée des ponces) et le caractère du recouvrement qui a formé un moulage naturel en négatif de cendres durcies a permis la documentation des structures sur une hauteur de1,40 environ. Toujours à Nola il a été possible d’appréhender dans les détails les techniques de construction, de calculer la hauteur d'origine des maisons(3,75–7,5om), la disposition dumobilier domestique (vases et ustensiles en place dans les différentes pièces de l'habitation) et la modalité de conservation des denrées et leur rangement. L'étude détaillée a permis enfin de modéliser les habitations caractéristiques de la région en forme de « fer de cheval» et de retrouver le module métrique commun à la base de la construction et sa correspondance précise avec les unités de mesure utilisées à l'époque romaine.

Published
2018

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results