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Within the Zionist movement, the sea initially served no nationalistic purpose; it was a means of transit, a conduit for ingathering the Jewish diaspora. The Zionist leadership neglected the sea as a tool, emphasizing 'Jewish work' in agriculture instead. But the sea held meaning in modern nationalism for many countries, and the pre-state Land of Israel was no exception. The Yishuv institutions began to recognize the sea's significance for the national movement in the mid-1930s and acted to impose its authority in the field. It was then that conflicts erupted over the origins of Jewish seafaring, with the right-wing Revisionist movement laying claim to the Zionist sea ethos and attacking the central institutions' initial dismissive attitude to the maritime field. This dispute, and its expressions surrounding Sea Day celebrations, can be understood within the Yishuv's broader politics and the different institutions' attempts to cement their own status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the sea as a metonym for visualising the Caribbean island experience. This paper argues that islanders' relations with the sea are maintained through a double condition of connection and isolation, alienation and familiarity. This paper's theoretical position is informed by 'transinsularism', an approach that addresses how insular identities are constituted in relation to other island spaces. This paper's argument is contextualised with historical and ethnographic material on the island of Culebra, an offshore municipality of Puerto Rico. The historical material addresses the colonisation of Culebra in the 1880s by interests of the Spanish Crown, the occupation of the island by the US Navy and its liberation. The sea features at the foreground of these processes. This paper concludes that islanders maintain a sense of specific insular regard while self-consciously engaged in multiple network-generating networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we address the relationship that exists between the development of certain unsustainable fishing practices among professional small‐scale fishery, industrial fishery and recreational fishing and the historical and social changes observed in the configuration of maritime fishing communities in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). We also explore the impact that European, Spanish and regional policies have had on the strategies of exploitation of the marine environment and the forms of social organisation of these communities. To do this, we apply a multiproxy approach that includes several kinds of data: field research, photographic archives, oral interviews, local newspapers, legislation, official reports and published literature. The anthropological and historic viewpoints applied in the research delve into how the disappearance of traditional professional small‐scale fishing and the surge of both a bottom‐trawl fleet and recreational marine fishing have not only promoted a loss of sustainability and environmental balance in such coastal environments but have also led to a significant loss regarding key cultural and identity assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent literature on “marine sovereignty” encourages to consider the ways of management and governance of the Pacific Ocean from a new perspective, in order to face the ecological crisis and acknowledge the coexistence of different ontologies. In this paper I aim to convey the density and the poly-chrony that characterize the aquatic ontology of the Belema people, the inhabitants of the Belep Islands (Kanaky New Caledonia). For the Belema, the ocean is more than a surface to cross or the source of important economic resources. The ocean is a dense space: visible and invisible intertwine in its opaque depth; past and present, life and death mingle; human and non-human meet. The aquatic geography (a hydrography, punctuated by underwater villages and paths), the genealogies (in which the first ancestors are marine animals) and the continuities and correspondences between aquatic and terrestrial beings reveal the force of the ocean. It shapes the Belema society and contributes to making it a more-than-human society.

Maritime is an essential profession for both Turkey and the world. 80-90% of the world trade volume is carried out by the ships and as might be expected seafarers. The most important part of the maritime profession is undoubtedly education. It is known that education at international standards in the field of maritime is provided by the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), published by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the flag state carries out the inspections. In order to receive an undergraduate and an associate degree in the field of maritime in Turkey, it is necessary to take the YKS exam, choose the relevant department of the university, and get enough scores to be placed in this department. The study aims to understand better the education and career paths chosen by maritime transportation management engineering students. In the study, the preference tendencies of the students who prefer this department in the universities that provide education in the maritime transport management engineering department and the professions that the students prefer outside the department were examined. As a result of the evaluations, the most popular preferences among the students who placed maritime transportation management engineering were computer engineering, ship machinery management engineering, electrical-electronic engineering, and nursing departments. The increase in the score in the YKS exam has had a significant and negative effect on the rate of students choosing maritime transportation management engineering. The data in this study were obtained from the YÖK Atlas database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the current situation of small-scale fishing in Puerto Madero, Chiapas, based on empirical information collected in situ through ethnographic methods such as observation and interview. First, to give a general characterization of the activity, I briefly contextualize the study area and retrieve discussions from maritime anthropology. Then, I identify the social stakeholders involved in the process from capture to commercialization, and characterize three specific ways for obtaining and distributing fishery products that complement each other to diversify production and markets. Finally, my ethnographic research concludes with the discussion of some problems that, in the perspective of the interlocutors, affect fishing nowadays, which will serve as baseline for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dredging of navigable waterways is a critical but often overlooked precondition for global trade. Focusing on the figure of "the dredger"—which can refer to a machine that excavates underwater sediment or a person who does that work—this short article links the modern maritime industry, colonial expansion, and terracentric anthropological thought. I argue that the figure of the dredger is useful for understanding the collective geological agency of humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a maritime anthropology perspective, this article analyzes how artisanal fishermen of the San Andrés Archipelago are propelled to the forefront of conflicts between commoning and sea grabbing. In doing so, it questions how this contributes to document the process of the maritimization of societies. Built on six months of ethnographic work in fishing cooperatives, the article questions the positioning of artisanal fishermen as new guardians of the sea, by crossing several scales of analysis. The article first considers the recent upgrading of the social status of fishermen and then the place of their “good practices” as symbolic forms of localized appropriation of fishing territory. It then points out the contradictory dimension of the fishermen’s role of guardians of the sea at regional and sub-regional scales. In a context of regional border conflict and competitive access to oil exploration, the role assigned to fishermen by national institutions is one of heritage before being one of environmental citizens. The Biosphere Reserve fulfills above all a geopolitical function, making fishermen guardians of national frontiers rather than guardians of the biodiversity.

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores matrilineal kinship in the Buka area, in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, from the perspective of saltwater people on Pororan Island. In Bougainville and elsewhere in Melanesia, anthropological research has highlighted the importance of joint work in the gardens, of sharing and exchanging garden food, and of negotiations of access to land for kinship and relatedness in the region. Where does this leave saltwater people, who often have only small areas of land of their own, take little interest in gardening and depend on traded sweet potatoes or imported rice for meeting their subsistence needs? In the first part of this paper, I indicate “landed” bias in anthropological research on kinship, including matrilineal kinship. I then suggest complementary descriptive and analytic terms that may be useful for researchers who want to understand kin relations among saltwater people, based on my experiences among Pororan Islanders in Bougainville. Finally, I indicate the theoretical contribution that these terms can make to research on kinship in landed settings, as well.

The roles played in fishery resource management by the nonhuman species that coevolve with humans are often marginalized in both discourse and practice. Built on existing reviews of the multispecies ethnography of maritime conservation, domestication, and marine biology, this article aims to reconceptualize the politics of difference in stock enhancement. By examining the herring stock enhancement program in Japan as an assemblage of multispecies inter- and intra-action in the context of marine science and seascaping, this article recontextualizes fisheries management and crosses the methodological and ontological borders in maritime studies. The article shows that multispecies ethnography serves as a heuristic means to describe the co-constitution of seascapes, which are beings, things, and bodies of information and processes that shape marine surroundings, or what fisheries biologists and fisheries resource managers tend to overlook as mere background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article provides an analysis about the history of academic research carried on in the field of Anthropology, History and Archaeology, specially referring to those researches focused on the study of different nautical cultural traditions developed in several aquatic environments in Brazil. The article outlines the main thematic choices pointing out the limits on their approaches. Due to its largeness, the study has been divided into two parts: the first part concerns the presentation of the problem and the discussions which were set up in the Anthropological field, while the second part, still on its way to be published, will approach this theme in History and Archeology.

Maritime anthropology federates, since the 1970s, numerous research studies on coastal societies. Emphasizing the singularity of the experience of life at sea, maritime anthropology particularly leaned until now on the comparative ethnography of fishing communities in oceanic environments. Societies living close to estuaries and coastal rivers also feel the influence of the sea under various forms, both direct - as the intimacy with the aquatic environment - and indirect. But the place and role of anthropological research addressing this specific experience in the development of the field of the maritime anthropology remains uncertain.Drawing on the comparison of two field studies -fishing activities in the Amazonian estuary of Oyapock and socio-environmental conflicts on the coast of Finistère (France) - this article shows the multiplicity and the changing forms of presence of the sea in coastal, riparian and rural societies. In the context of rapid and complex anthropogenic change, the margins of the maritime space appear as a heuristic viewpoint to explore the material and immaterial transformations, which affect the connections with marine ecosystems and seascapes.The article raises new questions and avenues as regards to the scope and future directions of maritime anthropology, emphasizing the need for an overtaking of the land-sea dialectic and enhanced reflexivity of the observers. To do so, the authors suggest a systemic and phenomenological approach of the sea and the marine element, which in such a perspective should be addressed as a continuous, dynamic and unstable system extending beyond coastal societies.

Over the past five years the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has grown rapidly, finding applications in several sectors. Large shipping industries are already investing in IoT techniques to optimize transparency, safety and reduce costs. However, there is a global shortage of trained engineers and technicians to handle this new technology safely. The SMARTSEA project, financed by the European Commission, aims to develop an interactive MSc course on Maritime and Surveyor IoT systems which help complete the market void in technical and maintenance specialists generated by the prompt expansion of the Smart Maritime & Surveying industry. The course duration is eight months, plus three mobility periods; two of them to participate in large-scale laboratories, and a 1-month industrial placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does being with the sea change how we write about the sea? This article is constructed as a reflective/reflexive consideration of being at sea as part of an experimental week-long symposium held on board an 80-foot yacht in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, in early 2016. The event focused on the ways society lives with the sea in the 21st century - how awareness is raised and action is instigated - in light of growing threats to ocean spaces worldwide. While generating conversation on this theme, the location of the symposium was also pivotal in generating embodied knowledge of the topic under investigation. This article follows the afterthoughts of the symposium organiser (an outdoor educator and professional yacht skipper) and an attendee (a geographer of the sea, non-swimmer and first-time sailor). It investigates how academic events that take place in place - in this case at sea - may generate unique knowledge on conference themes, and for academic work more generally, by opening up new experiential worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the cultural differences in the literature of the Romans from the Carthaginian perspectives. Particular focus is given to topics including the interaction between Carthage and Rome, Italy during the First Punic War (264-241 BCE), the relationship between Carthaginian gods and the sea, and the writings of a Greek historian Polybius.

Understanding discontinuities in the Australian archaeological record currently represents a major challenge for researchers especially where different interpretive frameworks are used to explain the same phenomena. The widespread Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) absence of dated archaeological evidence in desert lowlands is often interpreted as a lack of human occupation. While this scenario may be true in many cases, we believe this inference requires critical re-appraisal. Using case studies from the coastal Carnarvon bioregion, located in a maritime desert of NW Australia, we argue that discontinuities and occupational lacunae may be the result of a variety of different geomorphic and human behavioural processes where the absence of people may be only part of the equation. We argue that, by reconceptualising discontinuities with an explicit multi-scalar focus on depositional regimes and landscape patterns, richer explanations about human occupational patterning at both the local and regional levels can be generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presented here is rooted in our doctoral research in Ethnology and Social History developed in the lagoon of Venice in 2010-2013. It is a research based on the methodology of ethnographic field research, in parallel with the bibliographic and archive research. The fieldwork was conducted between March 2010 and August 2012 with 21 informants, fishermen aged 20 to 90 years. In this article we analyze how the formation of a new food taste is a process that can be defined “cultural”. We can meet an example in the history of mussel-farming on the island of Pellestrina, an island of fishermen in the southern lagoon of Venice, where the exploitation of this mollusk as food and economic resource appears rather late in history. Our research enabled us to find some frequent allusions to the alleged toxicity of this mollusk, called in Venice peòcio, that is to say “louse”, and once considered inedible. What mechanisms have transformed today the mussels into an appreciated and great demanded food, into “traditional food”? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the social meaning and uses of a beach located in the central coast of Catalonia (Spain). We focus on the heritage process or “patrimonialization” carried on in this beach by an association devoted to traditional sailing, and how this process affects to other beach users. A conflict generated around the project to construct a seafront promenade in the same place showed up that the beach itself is considered heritage by local people and that it fall into the discourses and representations of local identity. The heritage process of the beach will be involved in the inclusion/ exclusion practices both as subject and object.

This study analysed over 1000 obsidian stone artefacts excavated from two adjoining shelters at Tron Bon Lei on Alor Island Indonesia using portable XRF. The study showed an unambiguous separation of three different source locations (Groups 1, 2 and 3). Two sources (Group 2 and 3a, b, c) dominate the assemblage numerically. Group 1 and 2 indicate use of a single volcanic formation with a strong match between Group 1 artefacts and artefacts from sites in Timor Leste. Obsidian occurs in the earliest occupation layer in the Alor sites but does not include Group 1 artefacts which occur only after approx. 12,000 cal BP. Currently the geographical location of the Group 1 outcrop is unknown, however, based on the late appearance of the Group 1 artefacts in the Alor sequence it is likely that the location is not on Alor, but rather on another island of the Sunda chain. The dating of Group 1 artefacts in widely spaced sites on the never geographically connected islands of Timor and Alor indicates that maritime interaction between islands began by at least the terminal Pleistocene. The distribution of the obsidian in Tron Bon Lei shelter Pit B shows that there were periods of more intense interaction punctuated by periods when interaction declined or ceased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Indonesian maritime continent (IMC) is a miniature of our land–sea coexisting planet Earth. Firstly, without interior activity, the Earth becomes an even-surfaced “aqua-planet” with both atmosphere and ocean flowing almost zonally, and solar differential heating generates (global thermal tides and) Hadley's meridional circulations with the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) along the equator as observed actually over the open (Indian and Pacific) oceans on the both sides of the IMC. The ITCZ involves intraseasonal variations or super cloud clusters moving eastward with hierarchical substructures moving also westward. Secondly, the lands and seas over the actual Earth have been keeping the area ratio of 3:7 (similar to that of islands and inland/surrounding seas in the IMC), but their displacements have produced the IMC near the equator, which turns equatorial Pacific easterly ocean current northward (Kuroshio) and reflects equatorial oceanic waves that affect coupled ocean–atmosphere interannual variations such as ENSO and IOD, or displacements of Walker's zonal circulations. Thirdly, because the IMC consists of many large/small islands with very long coastlines, many narrow straits control the global (Pacific to Indian) ocean circulation, and the land-sea heat capacity contrasts along the coastlines generate the world's largest rainfall with diurnal cycles (sea–land breeze circulations). The diurnal cycles are dominant even in the rainy season (austral summer in Jawa and Bali), because rainfall-induced sprinkler-like land cooling reverses the trans-coastal temperature gradient before sunrise, and subsequent clear sky on land until around noon provides solar heating dependent on season. These processes lead to rapid land/hydrosphere-atmosphere water exchange, local air pollutant washout, and transequatorial boreal winter monsoon (cold surge). In El Niño years, for example, the cooler sea-surface temperature suppresses the morning coastal-sea rainfall, and induces often serious smog diffused from land over the IMC. Lastly, high-resolution observations/models covering both over islands and seas are necessary. A radar-profiler network (HARIMAU) has been constructed during FY2005–09, and capacity building on radar operations and buoy manufacturing has been promoted during FY2009–13 by Japan–Indonesia collaboration projects, which are taken over by an Indonesian national center (MCCOE) established in November 2013. Through these projects, variabilities of local circulations and precipitations with diurnal cycles have been recognized as important targets both in science and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the Internet, i.e. its leading services like the World Wide Web are unavoidable in communications, providing services and information sharing. Websites and a variety of Internet pages that make up the World Wide Web are the primary user interfaces for online business, providing information and promotional activities on the Internet. The rapid and progressive development of this medium has led to the fact that there is almost no maritime education institution without its own website, or at least a web page. The quality and success of the presentation via the Internet and the development of websites in a way to suit users' needs still remain a problem, not only for designers and managers but also for owners, representing an incentive for the analysis and research in the field of maritime colleges. In evaluating user interfaces, including websites, different approaches and methods are used where the usability, due to its widespread use, is most often considered as the main factor of quality. In this paper, usability factors of websites are analyzed using the questionnaire method and available online tools for 20 maritime universities worldwide and the obtained results are presented as well as recommendations for further researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Australia is among the regions internationally, where there are currently strong drivers for anthropogenic and ecosystem marine planning decisions. Specifically, South Australia, in both State and adjacent Commonwealth Waters, is currently accommodating increasing interests such as oil exploration by multi-national companies in the Great Australian Bight, implementation of recently declared State Marine Parks, an increased public awareness of marine developments, commissioning of a desalinisation plant, government-focused marine science initiatives, long-standing commercial fisheries, a transparent legislative and political stage, and a relatively new aquaculture industry. Amongst this growing diversity in marine-based activities, a dedicated aquaculture legislative framework was created in South Australia with the commencement of the Aquaculture Act 2001 (the Act) to centralise the legislative processes required to underpin aquaculture regulation and administration. This centralisation has helped to create an effective platform to streamline administrative processes, reduce duplication between various government agencies such as planning authorities and environment protection agencies, and ultimately fostered investment in, and growth of, the South Australian aquaculture industry. As such Aquaculture zone policies are a key strategic management tool for sustainable aquaculture development in South Australia into the future. This paper provides a case study ( Aquaculture (Zones – Lower Eyre Peninsula) Policy 2013 ) of the legislated regional marine planning framework for aquaculture development used in South Australia, with a focus on the key functions and processes that may have broader applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]