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1. A Distributed Power System Control Architecture for Improved Distribution System Resiliency

Author

Kevin P. Schneider, Stuart Laval, Jacob Hansen, Ronald B. Melton, Leslie Ponder, Lance Fox, John Hart, Joshua Hambrick, Mark Buckner, Murali Baggu, Kumaraguru Prabakar, Madhav Manjrekar, Somasundaram Essakiappan, Leon M. Tolbert, Yilu Liu, Jiaojiao Dong, Lin Zhu, Aaron Smallwood, Avnaesh Jayantilal, Chris Irwin, and Guohui Yuan

Subjects
Distributed control, microgrids, power distribution, power system protection, smart grids, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Electric distribution systems around the world are seeing an increasing number of utility-owned and non-utility-owned (customer-owned) intelligent devices and systems being deployed. New deployments of utility-owned assets include self-healing systems, microgrids, and distribution automation. Non-utility-owned assets include solar photovoltaic generation, behind-the-meter energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. While these deployments provide potential data and control points, the existing centralized control architectures do not have the flexibility or the scalability to integrate the increasing number or variety of devices. The communication bandwidth, latency, and the scalability of a centralized control architecture limit the ability of these new devices and systems from being engaged as active resources. This paper presents a standards-based architecture for the distributed power system controls, which increases operational flexibility by coordinating centralized and distributed control systems. The system actively engages utility and non-utility assets using a distributed architecture to increase reliability during normal operations and resiliency during extreme events. Results from laboratory testing and preliminary field implementations, as well as the details of an ongoing full-scale implementation at Duke Energy, are presented.

Published
2019
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2. Changes in Endosymbiont Complexity Drive Host-Level Compensatory Adaptations in Cicadas

Author

Matthew A. Campbell, Piotr Łukasik, Mariah C. Meyer, Mark Buckner, Chris Simon, Claudio Veloso, Anna Michalik, and John P. McCutcheon

Subjects
cell biology, endosymbionts, evolution, microscopy, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT For insects that depend on one or more bacterial endosymbionts for survival, it is critical that these bacteria are faithfully transmitted between insect generations. Cicadas harbor two essential bacterial endosymbionts, “Candidatus Sulcia muelleri” and “Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola.” In some cicada species, Hodgkinia has fragmented into multiple distinct but interdependent cellular and genomic lineages that can differ in abundance by more than two orders of magnitude. This complexity presents a potential problem for the host cicada, because low-abundance but essential Hodgkinia lineages risk being lost during the symbiont transmission bottleneck from mother to egg. Here we show that all cicada eggs seem to receive the full complement of Hodgkinia lineages, and that in cicadas with more complex Hodgkinia this outcome is achieved by increasing the number of Hodgkinia cells transmitted by up to 6-fold. We further show that cicada species with varying Hodgkinia complexity do not visibly alter their transmission mechanism at the resolution of cell biological structures. Together these data suggest that a major cicada adaptation to changes in endosymbiont complexity is an increase in the number of Hodgkinia cells transmitted to each egg. We hypothesize that the requirement to increase the symbiont titer is one of the costs associated with Hodgkinia fragmentation. IMPORTANCE Sap-feeding insects critically rely on one or more bacteria or fungi to provide essential nutrients that are not available at sufficient levels in their diets. These microbes are passed between insect generations when the mother places a small packet of microbes into each of her eggs before it is laid. We have previously described an unusual lineage fragmentation process in a nutritional endosymbiotic bacterium of cicadas called Hodgkinia. In some cicadas, a single Hodgkinia lineage has split into numerous related lineages, each performing a subset of original function and therefore each required for normal host function. Here we test how this splitting process affects symbiont transmission to eggs. We find that cicadas dramatically increase the titer of Hodgkinia cells passed to each egg in response to lineage fragmentation, and we hypothesize that this increase in bacterial cell count is one of the major costs associated with endosymbiont fragmentation.

Published
2018
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4. Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside Pretreatment Protects Cells from Ionizing Radiation, UVC, and Short Wavelength of UVB

Author

Mark Buckner, Junko Maeda, Alexis H. Haskins, Chris D Miller, Jacob T. Mussallem, Takamitsu A. Kato, Coral E. Froning, and Allison J. Allum

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Programmed cell death, lcsh:QH426-470, DNA damage, Radio Waves, Ultraviolet Rays, Ascorbic Acid, CHO Cells, Article, Ionizing radiation, narrowband uvb, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cricetulus, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, Radiation, Ionizing, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Cytotoxicity, Genetics (clinical), Cell Death, integumentary system, Chemistry, Dimethyl sulfoxide, cho, Chinese hamster ovary cell, Wild type, Ascorbic acid, Molecular biology, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, dna damage, ionizing radiation, broadband uvb
Abstract

Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), glucosylated ascorbic acid (AA), has superior properties for bioavailability and stability compared to AA. Although AA2G has shown radioprotective properties similar to AA, effects for UV light, especially UVC and UVB, are not studied. AA2G was tested for cytotoxicity and protective effects against ionizing radiation, UVC, and broadband and narrowband UVB in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and compared to AA and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Pretreatment with DMSO, AA, and AA2G showed comparative protective effects in CHO wild type and radiosensitive xrs5 cells for cell death against ionizing radiation with reducing the number of radiation-induced DNA damages. Pretreatment with AA and AA2G protected CHO wild type and UV sensitive UV135 cells from UVC and broadband UV, but not from narrowband UVB. DMSO showed no protective effects against tested UV. The UV filtration effects of AA and AA2G were analyzed with a spectrometer and spectroradiometer. AA and AA2G blocked UVC and reduced short wavelengths of UVB, but had no effect on wavelengths above 300 nm. These results suggest that AA2G protects cells from radiation by acting as a radical scavenger to reduce initial DNA damage, as well as protecting cells from certain UVB wavelengths by filtration.

Published
2020

5. Changes in Endosymbiont Complexity Drive Host-Level Compensatory Adaptations in Cicadas

Author

Chris Simon, Anna Michalik, Mark Buckner, Matthew A. Campbell, Piotr Łukasik, Mariah C. Meyer, John P. McCutcheon, and Claudio Veloso

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Lineage (evolution), media_common.quotation_subject, Zoology, Insect, Microbiology, Bacterial cell structure, Host-Microbe Biology, Evolution, Molecular, Hemiptera, 03 medical and health sciences, endosymbionts, Abundance (ecology), Virology, cell biology, evolution, Animals, Symbiosis, Phylogeny, Alphaproteobacteria, Ovum, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Fragmentation (reproduction), 0303 health sciences, Host Microbial Interactions, biology, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), fungi, Sulcia muelleri, biology.organism_classification, QR1-502, Hodgkinia cicadicola, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Candidatus, microscopy, Female, Adaptation, Function (biology), Genome, Bacterial, Research Article
Abstract

Sap-feeding insects critically rely on one or more bacteria or fungi to provide essential nutrients that are not available at sufficient levels in their diets. These microbes are passed between insect generations when the mother places a small packet of microbes into each of her eggs before it is laid. We have previously described an unusual lineage fragmentation process in a nutritional endosymbiotic bacterium of cicadas called Hodgkinia. In some cicadas, a single Hodgkinia lineage has split into numerous related lineages, each performing a subset of original function and therefore each required for normal host function. Here we test how this splitting process affects symbiont transmission to eggs. We find that cicadas dramatically increase the titer of Hodgkinia cells passed to each egg in response to lineage fragmentation, and we hypothesize that this increase in bacterial cell count is one of the major costs associated with endosymbiont fragmentation., For insects that depend on one or more bacterial endosymbionts for survival, it is critical that these bacteria are faithfully transmitted between insect generations. Cicadas harbor two essential bacterial endosymbionts, “Candidatus Sulcia muelleri” and “Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola.” In some cicada species, Hodgkinia has fragmented into multiple distinct but interdependent cellular and genomic lineages that can differ in abundance by more than two orders of magnitude. This complexity presents a potential problem for the host cicada, because low-abundance but essential Hodgkinia lineages risk being lost during the symbiont transmission bottleneck from mother to egg. Here we show that all cicada eggs seem to receive the full complement of Hodgkinia lineages, and that in cicadas with more complex Hodgkinia this outcome is achieved by increasing the number of Hodgkinia cells transmitted by up to 6-fold. We further show that cicada species with varying Hodgkinia complexity do not visibly alter their transmission mechanism at the resolution of cell biological structures. Together these data suggest that a major cicada adaptation to changes in endosymbiont complexity is an increase in the number of Hodgkinia cells transmitted to each egg. We hypothesize that the requirement to increase the symbiont titer is one of the costs associated with Hodgkinia fragmentation.

Published
2018

6. Biocompatibility of Hemoglobin Solutions. II. The Inflammatory Reaction of Human Monocytes and Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

Author

Mark Buckner, Peter C. Canizaro, Mario Feola, Tran R, and Jan Simoni

Subjects
Free Radicals, Thromboxane, Metabolite, Hemoglobin, Sickle, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine (miscellaneous), Mice, Inbred Strains, Bioengineering, Prostacyclin, 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, Monocytes, Proinflammatory cytokine, Biomaterials, Superoxide dismutase, Hemoglobins, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Animals, Humans, Peritoneal Cavity, Cells, Cultured, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, biology, Macrophages, General Medicine, Endotoxins, Solutions, Thromboxane B2, Cross-Linking Reagents, chemistry, Biochemistry, Catalase, biology.protein, Glutaraldehyde, Hemoglobin, medicine.drug
Abstract

This study explored the inflammatory mechanism of toxicity of hemoglobin solutions (Hb-S). Human monocytes and mouse activated peritoneal macrophages were incubated with seven different solutions. The first four consisted of non-cross-linked bovine Hb. Of these, Hb-SI was incompletely purified of stromal phospholipids, Hb-SII was contaminated with environmental bacterial endotoxins, Hb-SIII was pure hemoglobin, and Hb-SIV was pure Hb with the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and mannitol (M). The other three solutions were made of pure bovine Hb cross-linked with different agents: Hb-SV, reacted with glutaraldehyde; Hb-SVI reacted with bis-3,5-dibromosalicyl fumarate (DBSF); and Hb-SVII reacted with a ring-opened dialdehyde derivative of 5'(pyro)-phosphate of adenosine (ATP) (o-ATP). The reaction of monocytes and macrophages was studied in terms of (a) O2-derived radicals, as determined by the measurement of H2O2 and lipid peroxides; (b) complement factor C3a desArg; (c) 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (stable metabolite of prostacyclin); and (d) TxB2 (stable metabolite of thromboxane) released into the culture supernatants. The most significant reactions were obtained with the solutions contaminated with stromal phospholipids or bacterial endotoxins. Pure Hb was less reactive. Further reduction in proinflammatory activity was achieved by the addition of oxygen radical-scavengers (SOD, CAT, and M), or by the cross-linking of Hb with DBSF or o-ATP.

Published
2008
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7. ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY 2008 Annual Report

Author

Joanna McFarlane, Valmor de Almeida, Johney Green, Stuart Daw, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Sam Lewis, Scott Sluder, Bill Steele, Robert Wagner, Rolf Reitz, Gary Bell, Rick Battiste, Ralph Dinwiddie, Sam Sham, Panos Datskos, Nickolay Lavrik, Barton Smith, Viviane Schwartz, Costas Tsouris, Claus Daniel, Leon Tolbert, Madhu Chinthavali, Burak Ozpineci, Fran Li, John Kueck, Michael Starke, Hui Zhang, Yan Xu, David DePaoli, Alicia Compere, William Griffith, Chaitanya Narula, Arpad Vass, Luis Sanchez, Joel McDuffee, Jess Gehin, Randy Hobbs, Larry Ott, Lance Snead, Donald Spellman, Dennis Heatherly, Ronald Ellis, Kenneth Thoms, Sheng Dai, Huimin Luo, Gary Baker, Todd Toops, C. Britton, G. Alley, M. Ericson, R. Warmack, S. Retterer, Glenn Young, Bernadetta Srijanto, Chad Duty, Ron Ott, Philip Boudreaux, Adrian Sabau, Gerald Jellison, Curt Maxey, Keith Leonard, Biswajit Das, Volker Urban, Kunlun Hong, Phillip Britt, Jimmy Mays, Alexander Boeker, Miroslaw Gruszkiewicz, Ariel Chialvo, David Cole, Michael Simonson, Douglas Goeringer, Gary Van Berkel, Vilmos Kertesz, William Whitten, Robert Shaw, G. Stocks, Amit Goyal, Jianxin Zhong, Yanfei Gao, Albina Borisevich, Niels Jonge, Andrew Lupini, Stephen Pennycook, Gabriel Veith, Ho Lee, Matthew Chisholm, David Singh, Sergei Kalinin, Gilbert Brown, Ilia Ivanov, Stephen Jesse, David Hoelzer, James Bentley, Chong Fu, Michael Miller, Xingqiu Chen, Xun-Li Wang, Benjamin Hay, Jeremy Jackson, David Geohegan, Gernot Rother, Petro Maksymovych, Vincent Meunier, J. Wendelken, Zhenyu Zhang, Gyula Eres, M. Paranthaman, Baohua Gu, Wenguang Zhu, A. Buchanan III, Michelle Kidder, Reza Dabestani, Edward Hagaman, Minghu Pan, John Ankner, Mark Dadmun, S. Kilbey II, John Simpson, Nancy Dudney, Karren More, Ed Hagaman, Bob Shaw, De-en Jiang, Andrew Payzant, Edgar Lara-Curzio, Charles Collier, Seung-Yong Jung, Scott Retterer, Zhiyu Hu, Mark Buckner, Michael Moore, Michael Vann, Nageswara Rao, Lawrence MacIntryre, Miljko Bobrek, Benjamin Huey, Donald Bouldin, A. Qualls, B. Sumpter, S. Labinov, John Neal, Lynn Boatner, Slobodan Rajic, Mallikarjun Shankar, Yu Jiao, Ryan Kerekes, Rick Lusk, Thomas Potok, Timothy Rhyne, Vladimir Protopopescu, William Heller, Yiming Mo, Dean Myles, Greg Smith, Eugene Mamontov, Peter Cummings, Kenneth Herwig, Louis Santodonato, J. Ankner, J. Mays, J. Messman, D. Myles, B. Lokitz, Liyuan Liang, Wei Wang, Alex Johs, Hugh O’Neill, Edward Snell, Chris Tulk, Antonio Dos Santos, Jamie Molaison, Bryan Chakoumakos, Juske Horita, Dave Cole, Robert Welton, F. Baity, Richard Goulding, Andrew Christianson, Sheila Baker, Mark Lumsden, Stephen Nagler, Brian Sales, Thomas Schulthess, Thomas McManamy, Roy Crawford, Phillip Ferguson, James Janney, Mark Rennich, Leighton Coates, Flora Meilleur, Randy Fishman, Lee Robertson, Jian Shen, Wei-Ren Chen, Gregory Smith, William Goddard, Yi Liu, Yun Liu, Lionel Porcar, Pratul Agarwal, Edward Michaud III, Carmen Foster, Martin Keller, Zamin Yang, Amudhan Venkateswaran, Mircea Podar, Christopher Schadt, Steven Brown, Shihui Yang, Timothy Tschaplinski, Dale Pelletier, Gregory Hurst, Yunfeng Yang, Udaya Kalluri, Timothy McKnight, Jennifer Morrell-Falvey, Patricia Lankford, Sara Jawdy, A. Borole, Anthony Palumbo, Nance Ericson, Jeremy Smith, Elissa Chesler, Virginia Dale, Latha Baskaran, Budhendra Bhaduri, Robin Graham, Richard Middleton, Patrick Mulholland, Esther Parish, Alexandre Sorokine, Amy Wolfe, Thomas Wilbanks, Auroop Ganguly, Anthony King, David Erickson, Keith Kline, Sherry Wright, Hector Castro-Gonzalez, Marie De Graaff, Charles Garten III, Aimee Classen, Paul Hanson, Stan Wullschleger, Richard Norby, Kenneth Childs, Warren Thomas, Brynn Voy, Ram Datar, Olaf Storaasli, Edoardo Apra, Jerzy Bernholc, Robert Harrison, William Shelton, Bobby Sumpter, Sudharshan Vazhkudai, John Cobb, Xiaosong Ma, Stephen Scott, Hong Ong, Christian Engelmann, Geoffroy Vallee, Ricky Kendall, Ron Brightwell, Barney Maccabe, T. Schulthess, M. Eisenbach, D. Nicholson, X. Tao, C. Zhou, J. Levesque, Andrey Gorin, Nabeela Ahmad, Andrew Bordner, Jessie Gu, Guruprasad Kora, Chongle Pan, Byung-Hoon Park, Nagiza Samatova, Xiuping Tao, Edward Uberbacher, Kalyan Perumalla, Sudip Seal, Jeffrey Vetter, Srikanth Yoginath, Srdjan Simunovic, Phani Nukala, Kevin Clarno, Ian Gauld, Theodore Besmann, Charles Weber, Warren Grice, Ryan Bennink, Philip Evans, Travis Humble, David Bernholdt, Richard Barrett, Wael Elwasif, Aniruddha Shet, John Drake, J. White III, R. Archibald, J. Drake, K. Evans, D. Kothe, P. Worley, Jim Kohl, Doug Lepro, Dude Neergaard, Thomas Maier, Gonzalo Alvarez, Jeremy Meredith, Michael Summers, Mark Bannister, Robert Hettich, Charles Vane, Charles Havener, Herbert Krause, Michael Fogle, Jr., David Schultz, Robert Continetti, Mats Larsson, Richard Thomas, Mitchel Doktycz, David Allison, Thomas Thundat, Christopher Rey, Abhijeet Borole, Ali Passian, Yisong Wang, Yie Liu, Henry Lin, Boyd Evans, Siyang Zheng, Jason Fowlkes, Philip Rack, James Lee, Barbara Evans, Peter Reilly, Elias Greenbaum, Sylvia McLain, David Baker, Chengdu Liang, Jane Howe, Jun Xu, Radu Custelcean, Steve Overbury, Seth Cohen, Richard Ward, Kara Kruse, James Nutaro, Barbara Beckerman, Oscar Grandas, Xiaohui Cui, B. Radhakrishnan, X.-G. Zhang, An-Ping Li, N. Kulkarni, Shannon Mahurin, Meng-Dawn Cheng, David Gossage, Bruce Wilson, T. Yin, L. Gunter, Ken Littrell, Hassina Bilheux, D. Bjornstad, A. Wolfe, Jeff Warren, Timothy Bigelow, John Caughman, John McKeever, Philip Ryan, Matthew Scudiere, Gary Alley, Nagraj Kulkarni, Hsin Wang, Harry Meyer, Bala Radhakrishnan, Don Nicholson, Peter Todd, Kenneth Tobin, Vincent Paquit, Jeffery Price, John Jansen, Lonnie Love, Peter Lloyd, Christopher Mann, Philip Bingham, John Biggerstaff, Michael Zemel, Brian D’Urso, Randy Lind, Justin Baba, Seung Lee, S. Rajic, P. Datskos, Fernando Reboredo, Chengjun Sun, Xiaoguang Zhang, David Mandrus, C. Narula, M. Moses-DeBusk, A. Buchanan, C. Hsueh, P. Becher, C. Liu, John Wang, Narendra Dahotre, Seokho Kim, Peter Blau, Steve Pawel, Hans Christen, Joachim Schneibel, Michael Brady, Terry Tiegs, John Vitek, J. Horton, Ken Liu, Dan Naus, I. Wright, Lance. Snead, Thak Byun, Roger Miller, B. Bischoff, K. Adcock, Evan Ohriner, Donald Erdmann III, Katyayani Seal, James Haynes, Bruce Pint, Pengcheng Dai, Zheng Gai, Lifeng Yin, Y. Melnichenko, G. Wignall, D. Cole, A. Radlinski, M. Mastalerz, C. Alexander, R. Smithwick, L. Lewis, L. Boatner, Juan Ferrada, Jack Collins, Les Dole, Charles Forsberg, M. Haire, Rodney Hunt, Ben Lewis, Ray Wymer, Jennifer Ladd-Lively, Michael Hu, Lei Shao, Hatice Akkurt, Keith Eckerman, Ida Lee, Sotira Yiacoumi, Daniel Hollenbach, D. Dean, M. Ramsey-Musolf, Michael Smith, Eric Lingerfelt, Kim Buckner, and Caroline Nesaraja

Subjects
Engineering, Aeronautics, business.industry, Annual report, business
Published
2009
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8. 'Carpet Center of the World' Is Guaranteed a Long Term Water Supply

Author

Mark Buckner and Allison Psutka

Subjects
Engineering, Operational impact, Operations research, business.industry, Water supply, Pressure pipe, business, Civil engineering, Mile
Abstract

Dalton Utilities constructed approximately 14 miles of water transmission main in 1962 and 1972 using 30” and 36” Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP). This pipeline runs from the water treatment plant through the center of their service area and also serves the Dalton carpet industry, the largest concentration of carpet manufacturers in the world, and thus is one of the most critical lines in the system. Dalton Utilities had experienced a failure on this line in 2005 and was very concerned about its condition. They had secured an estimate for replacing the line, and considered the operational impact of doing so. This option was not attractive. Dalton Utilities needed a complete investigation into the current condition of the line to determine what to do next. The Pressure Pipe Inspection Company was engaged in the summer of 2006 to plan a project that would identify distress in a 3.08 mile section of this pipeline. This paper will discuss the details and outcome of this project including the method used to precisely determine the existing condition of the PCCP water transmission main: Remote Field Transformer Couple (RFTC). Additionally it will cover the next steps taken by Dalton Utilities for rehabilitation and further inspections.

Published
2008
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9. Blasted building partly stabilized.

Author

Powers, Mark Buckner

Subjects
*BUILDING failures
Abstract

Discloses that structural engineers were able to stabilize a six-story office and commercial building that partially collapsed after an explosion in Puerto Rico by hanging it from a 120-ton crane. Building's framework; Cause of the building's instability; Details of the stabilization process; Damage caused by the explosion on the building.

Published
1996

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