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This article, titled "Molecular Pathology of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders: Essential Insights for Radiologists," emphasizes the importance of molecular pathology in understanding musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders. It discusses the role of molecular pathology in identifying molecular and genetic changes in common MSK conditions, providing valuable knowledge for radiologists. The article highlights specific pathologic markers used in MSK pathologies, such as MDM-2 amplification in liposarcomas, GNAS mutations in fibrous dysplasia, USP6 gene rearrangements in nodular fasciitis and myositis ossificans, EWSR1 gene rearrangements in Ewing's sarcoma, and NTRK gene fusions in various tumors. Understanding these markers enables accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment approaches for MSK tumors. [Extracted from the article]

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This paper presents an approach for modeling and realization of an inertial navigation system. This system consists of two new 2-D acceleration sensor arrays, three gyroscopes, digital error correction, gravitation compensation, supporting point inclusion, and software application. Modeling is achieved using SystemC-AMS for analog parts and SystemC for digital and software components. The model is simulated and verified by stimulating with different accelerations and rotations representing sensor movements [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The sequence polymorphism of HLA-DRB1 molecules in 84 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with early RA has been analysed to evaluate whether particular HLA-DR alleles influence disease progression in the early stage of the disease. Clinical data were analysed by grouping the patients according to disease-associated haplotype combinations (DRB1*04,04/DRB1*04,01/DRB1*04,X/DRB1*01,X) in comparison to patients who did not carry these haplotypes (DRB1*X,X). Our results indicate that patients with early RA who are homozygous for DRB1*04 exhibit an elevated inflammatory activity and an increase of joint affections. In addition, the amino acid polymorphism (QR/KRAA) at position 70-74 seems to affect the production of rheumatoid factors. These results support the role of HLA-DRB1 alleles in the pathogenesis of RA and indicate that patients with particular HLA-DRB1*04 haplotype combinations may require intensified therapeutic interventions in the early stage of the disease to prevent disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Here, we present genomes of three strains of Serratia initially isolated from suburban soil-one strain of S. ureilytica and two strains of S. quinivorans -resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. This expands the genomic sampling of a group relevant to the ecosystem and human health., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The switch/sucrose-non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex that plays important roles in DNA repair, transcription and cell differentiation. This complex consists of multiple subunits and is of particular interest in thoracic malignancies due to frequent subunit alteration of SMARCA4 (BRG1). Much less is known about SMARCB1 (INI1) deficient intrathoracic neoplasms, which are rare, often misclassified and understudied. In a retrospective analysis of 1479 intrathoracic malignant neoplasms using immunohistochemistry for INI1 (SMARCB1) on tissue micro arrays (TMA) and a search through our hospital sarcoma database, we identified in total nine intrathoracic, INI1 deficient cases (n = 9). We characterized these cases further by additional immunohistochemistry, broad targeted genomic analysis, methylation profiling and correlated them with clinical and radiological data. This showed that genomic SMARCB1 together with tumor suppressor alterations drive tumorigenesis in some of these cases, rather than epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation. A proper diagnostic classification, however, remains challenging. Intrathoracic tumors with loss or alteration of SMARCB1 (INI1) are highly aggressive and remain often underdiagnosed due to their rarity, which leads to false diagnostic interpretations. A better understanding of these tumors and proper diagnosis is important for better patient care as clinical trials and more targeted therapeutic options are emerging., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Despite the clinical benefit of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), the majority of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) ultimately develop lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we identified thioesterase superfamily member 6 (THEM6) as a marker of ADT resistance in PCa. THEM6 deletion reduces in vivo tumour growth and restores castration sensitivity in orthograft models of CRPC. Mechanistically, we show that the ER membrane-associated protein THEM6 regulates intracellular levels of ether lipids and is essential to trigger the induction of the ER stress response (UPR). Consequently, THEM6 loss in CRPC cells significantly alters ER function, reducing de novo sterol biosynthesis and preventing lipid-mediated activation of ATF4. Finally, we demonstrate that high THEM6 expression is associated with poor survival and correlates with high levels of UPR activation in PCa patients. Altogether, our results highlight THEM6 as a novel driver of therapy resistance in PCa as well as a promising target for the treatment of CRPC., (© 2022 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.)