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Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HMD: Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on the production and development of entertainment venues along Park Avenue in Ankara. The study approaches the development as a problem of urban growth and urban planning in Ankara. While piecemeal urban planning paves the way for unintended urban development at the fringe of the city, entertainment venues are produced by the contingency of capital. In such situations, capital owners make use of strategies and politics to produce these places. This study explains why and how such entertainment venues have emerged along Park Avenue, examines the inadequacies of urban planning practices and investigates the prevailing market conditions. There is evidence that the development of these venues along Park Avenue is marked by different periods in which distinctive decisions, relation patterns and events occurred. Through this process, urban land that is earmarked for a particular land function is transformed for entertainment use via fragmentary or/and progressive methods in which capital dynamics are the main determinant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperation in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area under the "one country, two systems" framework is different from regional cooperation in other areas. Its unique cross-border cooperation within one country has attracted much attention from the academic community. Since the 1980s, the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao has gone through different stages with China's development. Examining the process of change can contribute to understanding the logic and driving mechanisms of cooperation in the Greater Bay Area. This study shows that regional cooperation has been driven from the market to the combined influence of the market and government since the 1980s. During this transition, the central government has become increasingly involved in the cooperation through political embedding, eventually becoming the main driver of this regional cooperation. However, regardless of whether the driving force was the market or the government, significant internal tensions remained throughout the transition process. The research suggests that the top-level design for institutionalising regional cooperation can effectively balance market and administrative forces, leveraging the strengths of each. It is valuable to elucidate the uniqueness and complexity of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao cooperation under "one country, two systems", which will contribute to further promoting deep cooperation in the Greater Bay Area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market participants can only bid with lagged information disclosure under the existing market mechanism, which can lead to information asymmetry and irrational market behavior, thus influencing market efficiency. To promote rational bidding behavior of market participants and improve market efficiency, a novel electricity market mechanism based on cloudedge collaboration is proposed in this paper. Critical market information, called residual demand curve, is published to market participants in real-time on the cloud side, while participants on the edge side are allowed to adjust their bids according to the information disclosure prior to closure gate. The proposed mechanism can encourage rational bids in an incentive-compatible way through the process of dynamic equilibrium while protecting participants' privacy. This paper further formulates the mathematical model of market equilibrium to simulate the process of each market participant's strategic bidding behavior towards equilibrium. A case study based on the IEEE 30-bus system shows the proposed market mechanism can effectively guide bidding behavior of market participants, while condensing exchanged information and protecting privacy of participants.

China has established Pilot Free Trade Zones (PFTZs) since 2013. However, there have been limited studies concerning the green economic effects of this policy. Given the uncertainties surrounding the relationship between this policy and regional green economic development, this paper employs a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to evaluate the impact of the PFTZ policy on local green economy efficiency (GEE) by using provincial-level data in China from 2009 to 2019. We yield that the construction of PFTZs significantly contributes to the positive growth of regional GEE. Subsequently, we conduct a series of robustness tests to ensure the credibility of this finding. In addition, Further findings demonstrate that technological progress and industrial structure upgrading are two critical channels in achieving this positive effect. Notably, we also find that the construction of PFTZs stimulate the dynamics of market mechanisms to promote green economic development. Interestingly, heterogeneity analysis results suggest that the PFTZ policy seems to be more positively embedded in southern China and regions with higher degrees of openness. Conclusively, our findings demonstrate the establishment of PFTZs effectively promotes local green economic development and provide empirical evidence that a profound opening-up pilot policy is less likely to transform China into a Pollution Haven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-carbon transition is a systemic economic and social change that will inevitably have an impact on many areas of the urban system. Has China's ongoing low-carbon transition impacted urban resilience (UR) systems while achieving urban energy saving and carbon emission reduction goals? This paper uses the implementation of the carbon emissions trading pilot policy (CETPP) as a "quasi-natural experiment." It evaluates the impact of the policy on UR using a difference-in-differences model based on the data of prefecture-level cities from 2008 to 2020. The study shows that pilot carbon trading policies favor UR, and the market mechanism of carbon emissions has a heterogeneous cause influence on UR. The impact of pilot carbon trading policies on UR varies according to the respective moderating effects of institutional factors, green technology innovation, industrial structure rationalization, and output effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the development of the electricity spot market, pumped-storage power stations are faced with the problem of realizing flexible adjustment capabilities and limited profit margins under the current two-part electricity price system. At the same time, the penetration rate of new energy has increased. Its uncertainty has brought great pressure to the operation of the power system. The ramp market and its market mechanism have emerged as the times require. To this end, this article proposes a bidding strategy for pumped-storage power stations to participate in multi-level markets such as the ramp market. Considering the demand calculation of ramping services, a two-layer model of pumped storage's participation in multiple markets is constructed. The upper level makes trading decisions with the goal of maximizing pumped-storage revenue; the lower level aims to minimize the total social cost and jointly clears the primary and auxiliary markets. The income from pumped storage participating in the main energy and ramp-up auxiliary markets at the same time is significantly higher than the income from the two-part electricity price system. Its flexible adjustment ability can be quantified, reducing dependence on capacity electricity charges and providing a theoretical reference for cost recovery and profitability of future pumped-storage power stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of India has launched the Green Credit Programme (GCP)--a market-based voluntary programme--to enhance energy and resourceuse efficiency, foster conservation of resources, mitigate climate change, and strengthen adaptive capacity. The programme intends to incentivize the adoption of environmentally sustainable technologies and processes through fiscal and financial nudges and effect behavioural changes. The efficacy of a policy programme depends on its design and implementation, though, in theory, such programmes are designed to be cost-effective, environmentally favourable, as well as economically inclusive. The success of a tradable programme should be judged on the basis of four parameters: design of the programme, minimization of transaction costs, market volatility, and leakage and environmental degradation. The GCP administrators have yet to issue an effective design and implementation framework for the programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is an important commodity and is needed by the wider community, its existence is vital as a means to fulfil the needs of life, therefore the Indonesian government's intervention in this commodity is very high. The price of rice in Indonesia continues to rise for many factors. This research employs qualitative methods which is called library research. The result of this study is the increase in rice prices in Indonesia according to Ibn Taymiyyah is entirely caused by market forces. According to Ibn Taymiyyah what is needed therefore is market intervention, instead of price intervention. The market intervention carried out by the Indonesian government is by intensifying the social assistance program, running market operations with the SPHP program, and strengthening the stock of government rice reserves (CBP). Meanwhile, the policy of setting the price ceiling should not be carried out by the government because the market conditions related to this rice commodity run perfectly and there is no market distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Markets in which similar goods of different qualities are sold suffer from information asymmetries and their negative consequences. Dealers have established themselves, and mediate these markets through their use of quality signals. While these signals help to mitigate information asymmetries, these markets still function well below their optimum: a large share of goods sold are overpriced, and most of the benefits are reaped by intermediaries. In this paper we build on prior research that proposes the use of blockchain as an enabler for trusted, decentralized asset documentation. Applying a socio-technical lens, we describe how blockchain-enabled multi-party certification affords dealers the action potential to send signals that are more closely correlated to the unobservable quality of the underlying good (i.e., signals with a higher fit) than the signals they send today. We then both theorize and experimentally explore the market effects of the two types of signals. Using data from a laboratory market experiment with 210 participants, we find empirical evidence that multi-party certification affords dealers the action potential to send signals of significantly higher fit than those sent by intermediaries alone, leading to a reduction in information asymmetries, a more efficient allocation of goods, and an increase in market fairness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agriculture (UA), for recreational (gardening) and or commercial (farming) purposes, is commonly practised around the world, and uptake is increasing globally. There are many claims regarding UA's social, economic and environmental benefits with scant exploratory research. The overarching objective of this paper is to access the potential economic, social and environmental contribution of UA based on five major features that have previously been shown to be critical to optimising the benefits of UA: area, purpose (gardening or commercial), crop value (mixed, mid to high), mechanisation level (none to partial mechanisation) and market mechanism (retail versus wholesale) based on past studies focusing on Adelaide, Australia and the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Including the reviewed 15 past studies that closely reflect the above five features of UA, most UA research has focused on the social benefits and potential cost savings of growing food in cities, with few studies interrogating its economic viability, employment potential or opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There is a clear need to study UA using a systems approach to ensure viability, replicability and sustainability. Real-world case studies focusing on diverse settings will help to characterise key features and corrective actions for improving overall sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperation in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area under the “one country, two systems” framework is different from regional cooperation in other areas. Its unique cross-border cooperation within one country has attracted much attention from the academic community. Since the 1980s, the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao has gone through different stages with China’s development. Examining the process of change can contribute to understanding the logic and driving mechanisms of cooperation in the Greater Bay Area. This study shows that regional cooperation has been driven from the market to the combined influence of the market and government since the 1980s. During this transition, the central government has become increasingly involved in the cooperation through political embedding, eventually becoming the main driver of this regional cooperation. However, regardless of whether the driving force was the market or the government, significant internal tensions remained throughout the transition process. The research suggests that the top-level design for institutionalising regional cooperation can effectively balance market and administrative forces, leveraging the strengths of each. It is valuable to elucidate the uniqueness and complexity of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao cooperation under “one country, two systems”, which will contribute to further promoting deep cooperation in the Greater Bay Area.

The working pattern in traditional society still becomes an exciting topic to investigate as they portray how society makes their living. The research aims at investigating the relationship between employer and employee in fishing management in Kelurahan Pasar Bengkulu, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. The study employed a phenomenology-based qualitative approach, with participants chosen using a purposive sampling technique. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed by reducing, describing, and verifying data. The standards of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability are confirmed to validate the data. The findings signified that:1) the patron-client symbolizes exploitation in which most business is dominated by the middlemen, while the fishermen only play a role as the executors during the fishing process. Additionally, the patron-client relationship represents an imbalance of fishery profit sharing; 2) such a relationship does contribute to fishermen’s structural and cultural poverty. The cooperation between labor associations and governance active role supported by financial aid from related parties is highly recommended to promote fishermen’s wealth.

The flea market constituted a specific phenomenon in the context of market formation. Some social, cultural, and structural backgrounds trigger the formation of a flea market. This research aimed to uncover the processes of forming the flea market in Bukitinggi as a part of the Minangkabau community, in West Sumatra, Indonesia. By applying the qualitative method, data were collected from observations and in-depth interviews with informants from the Bukittinggi flea market. The 14 informants participating in this research were the flea market’s managers, sellers, and buyers. The thematic observations were carried out regularly to capture the real conditions and the discussions among the community members. The data analysis and triangulation refer to Miles and Huberman’s model. The findings confirm Aspers’ approach to market formation. The flea market was formed through three simultaneous processes: spontaneous, autonomous, and state-governed market creation. The stages of the flea market formation were orientation, contraction, and cohesion involving state actors, sellers, and buyers. The cultural barriers in the orientation process were removed during the contraction stage through various social constructions and the state’s involvement in market relocation. The cohesion was formed by upholding the community’s cultural traditions.

China has made significant progress in developing renewable energy, but challenges in integrating variable sources like wind, solar, and hydro power persist. Existing research has a regional focus and lacks a comprehensive understanding of integration challenges in specific regions. Moreover, research concentrates on individual energy types rather than multiple sources. Addressing these challenges requires a deeper analysis of market rules, incentives, and mechanisms for integrating numerous renewable energy types. The existing research also overlooks crucial aspects like energy consumption, grid planning, and power market mechanisms. To promote renewable energy integration effectively, policymakers must address these interconnected factors through comprehensive investigations and research efforts. This study proposes tailored solutions to encourage integration in China based on international experiences, such as Brazil's contract markets and electricity redistribution mechanism, the Nordic spot market, and California's negative pricing mechanism. The strategies derived from global practices for China's renewable energy integration include diverse trading mechanisms, expanded contract markets, optimized local consumption, fortified grid infrastructure, and improved market mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing definitions of justice in Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics indicate the existence of two distinct economic systems with different priorities. The three‐class society of the Platonic economy (guardians, auxiliaries, producers) gives rise to guardians who by virtue are expected to enforce output targets on producers directly or through auxiliaries. The three‐class society of the Aristotelian economy (rich, middle, poor) facilitates the emergence of different ruling coalitions and compensates the efficiency losses of central planning with political gains derived from representative governance. In the Aristotelian economy, the middle class is better off than in the Platonic economy (auxiliaries), because a just society (polity) is achieved under its coalition with the rich. I argue that the equilibrium solutions of the Platonic and Aristotelian economic systems provide analytical insights on the origins of capitalist and socialist political economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the waste incineration plant-carbon capture (WIP-CC) system and market mechanisms, the optimal dispatching strategy of nearly-zero carbon integrated energy system (NZC-IES) is proposed. The incineration of large amounts of Municipal Solid Waste can result in significant carbon emission and air pollution. However, lack of consideration of mechanisms for carbon processing and environmental protection will prevent the development of NZC-IES. Accordingly, a novel mixed integer nonlinear mathematical model, NZC-IES, is established that minimizes the total cost and controls carbon emission and air pollution. Unlike previous studies of optimal dispatching for WIP-CC system, the climate and health costs of WIP and the social costs of energy sources for CC are considered. A model of adjustable thermoelectric ratios for WIP and a model for CC with the storage tanks are established to enhance the flexibility of the thermoelectric output. Also, demand response model and ladder-type carbon trading model are developed to serve for NZC-IES. Case studies reveal that the proposed optimal dispatching strategy can realize the waste to energy utilization and low-carbon emission with economic performance. • A novel mixed integer nonlinear mathematical model, NZC-IES, is established. • Model minimizes the total cost and controls carbon emission and air pollution. • Producing H 2 and gas from electricity generated in WIP for waste utilization. • WIP and CC are modeled with adjustable thermoelectric ratios and storage tanks. • An incentive-based flexible DR mechanism considering carbon offset is built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an environmentally friendly energy, green power has been widely used in recent years. In order to explore the effectiveness of green power trading in the provincial power market, firstly, by combing the foreign green power market mechanism and trading organization, and comparing and analyzing the current situation of green power trading in the domestic state grid area and the south grid area, the development situation and rule characteristics of green power trading in various provinces in China were summarized. Then, the demand analysis and practical exploration of differentiated green power trading were carried out from three aspects of distributed green power participation in market trading, green power deviation adjustment and green power curve formation. Finally, the performance evaluation index system of provincial green power trading was constructed, and an example analysis was carried out to provide a reference scheme for the green power trading method and market evaluation of provincial power market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban Agriculture (UA) is widely presented as a feature of sustainable cities, with various claims around economic, social, and/or environmental benefits. However, the extent to which these different benefits may reinforce or compete with one another is not clear. This paper presents an integrated modelling framework using proxy measures for economic benefit (the net margin, NM), social benefit (the full-time farmer employment equivalent (FTE) per consumer) and environmental benefit (reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, CO2). The model is applied in two divergent development scenarios, including Adelaide, Australia, and the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, to study the characteristic features of UA in different settings. Two-stage optimisation is used to explore trade-offs and synergies when pursuing different objectives (NM, FTE and CO2). The model seeks the optimal farming area and selects from three levels of mechanisation (non-mechanised, garden tiller and garden cultivator), two purposes (gardening and commercial), two crop value categories (mixed and mid- to high-value vegetables) and two market mechanisms (wholesale vs. retail). The results of the optimisation provide insights into the key features of a UA system depending on the objective(s) being pursued, which we believe is a novel approach to justify UA research. For instance, the model favours a commercial UA form (in which both land and labour are costed) with a larger area when pursuing an economic objective, whereas it favours a gardening form of UA when aiming to maximise participation in the food system, with the preferred area depending on the extent to which either the economic or environmental objective is also being pursued. In Adelaide, the model favours commercial UA for the best-case profit and carbon emissions, and gardening for FTE maximisation. In the Kathmandu Valley, the model chooses the gardening UA within the given model assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of market mechanism is rigorous in mathematical derivation, clear in theoretical explanation, small in algorithm computation, and less limited in network scale and topology structure. This paper reviewed the classical li-terature and recent studies about two methods based on market mechanism; auction and contract net, and introduced and summarized the basic principle, progress, application background and limitations of this method in detail. Finally, the summary presented the key issues and future research trends in the research of task allocation for unmanned swarm based on market mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the essential means to support the operation of new power systems in the future， demand-side flexible resources can effectively deal with the challenges brought about by the integration of high-proportion renewables and clean energies. A scientific， rational， and perfect ancillary service market mechanism is significant in promoting the utilization and development of demand-side flexible resources. Therefore， this paper investigates and summarizes the current research and market practice of auxiliary service market mechanisms at home and abroad. Firstly， the existing domestic ancillary service market mechanisms for demand-side flexible resources participating in auxiliary service market trading are sorted out， and several problems existing in the operation of the current market mechanism are summarized. Then， the relevant market mechanisms of Australia， the United States， and the United Kingdom and their exploration and practice in flexible resource utilization on the demand side are introduced. Finally， future suggestions on the utilization of flexible resources on demand side and the construction of power ancillary service market in China are advanced.

With the development of new power system， there arise a large number of flexible loads on the demand side， making the power users become prosumers. Prosumers can take their flexible regulation ability as commodities to participate in market-oriented transactions， and their pouring into power market is bound to bring tremendous pressure to market operating institutions. Therefore， a distributed trading mechanism is proposed to adapt to the demand-side power interactions at various points in small numbers. According to different interaction scenarios， a weak centralized trading mode and a fully distributed trading mode are designed， respectively. In the weak centralized trading mode， blockchain network and smart contract are used to replace the functions of the trading center， and the market clearing is completed iteratively based on Lagrange dual decomposition algorithm. The fully distributed trading mode uses the consistency protocol to transmit the price signal among prosumers and transforms the market clearing into the recognition of value among prosumers. The example analysis shows that the proposed distributed trading mechanism eradicates s the information barriers among prosumers， reduces the transaction cost， improves the consumption rate of renewables， and realizes the optimal allocation of power resources.

We develop a prior-free mechanism for an asset market that is dominant-strategy incentive compatible, ex post individually rational, constrained efficient, and asymptotically optimal—as the number of agents grows large, the designer's profit from using this mechanism approaches the profit it would optimally make if it knew the agents' type distribution at the outset. The direct implementation first identifies the agent whose value equals the Walrasian price. The second step can be described algorithmically as consisting of ascending and descending clock auctions that start from the Walrasian price, estimate virtual types, and stop eliminating trades when the estimated virtual value exceeds the estimated virtual cost. The mechanism permits partial clock auction implementation. Our approach accommodates heterogeneity among groups of traders and discrimination among these, provided heterogeneity is not too accentuated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agriculture (UA), for recreational (gardening) and or commercial (farming) purposes, is commonly practised around the world, and uptake is increasing globally. There are many claims regarding UA’s social, economic and environmental benefits with scant exploratory research. The overarching objective of this paper is to access the potential economic, social and environmental contribution of UA based on five major features that have previously been shown to be critical to optimising the benefits of UA: area, purpose (gardening or commercial), crop value (mixed, mid to high), mechanisation level (none to partial mechanisation) and market mechanism (retail versus wholesale) based on past studies focusing on Adelaide, Australia and the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Including the reviewed 15 past studies that closely reflect the above five features of UA, most UA research has focused on the social benefits and potential cost savings of growing food in cities, with few studies interrogating its economic viability, employment potential or opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There is a clear need to study UA using a systems approach to ensure viability, replicability and sustainability. Real-world case studies focusing on diverse settings will help to characterise key features and corrective actions for improving overall sustainability.

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role of demand response resources is particularly important under the new-type power system with new energy as the main source. Demand response resources are important for generation adequacy and can provide electricity capacity value for power system. The United States and the UK are the only countries in the world that offer capacity services from demand response resources as generation resources. Their experiences and lessons learned are of great significance to other countries and regions. This paper first analyzes the significance of DR resource participating in the capacity market from two perspectives: the development of demand response resources and system generation capacity. Secondly, a detailed analysis of the mechanism design of demand response resources in the US capacity market is presented and the development status of demand response resources since 2007 is provided, so as to provide meaningful reference for other countries and regions. Thirdly, this study introduces the current situation and dilemma of demand response resources in the capacity market of the UK, and provides corresponding suggestions so that demand response resources in other countries and regions can avoid repeating the pace of the UK in the capacity market. Finally, suggestions for demand response resources to participate in the capacity market are given from four aspects.

In recent decades, rural China is aging rapidly. Population aging implies that people's role in economic activities is transforming from "producer-consumer" to "consumer-producer". Coupled with the weakening of intergenerational relationships and the disintegration of the intergenerational division of labor caused by demographic transition, inefficient land use is common in rural China, making it difficult to sustain the traditional family pension model based on the land. Promoted by land system reform, the practice of land-based pension based on "the separation of the three rights" of the land has solved the problem of labor shortage in agricultural production through the introduction of market mechanisms, and reshaped rural human-land relationship. Meanwhile, it revitalizes rural land resources through the assetization and capitalization of land resources, meeting the increasingly transformed and upgraded pension demands of rural elderly. The case study of Lüyi Town in Shandong Province shows that land-based pension has increased the livelihood capital of rural elderly, improved their living conditions, and effectively solved the problem of rural pension while promoting agricultural and rural modernization. As an important supplement to the existing rural pension system, the practice of land-based pension is an exploration of a positive response to rural population ageing, and can be promoted through systematic institutional design in some of the economically better-off regions of China. • Population aging drives people to gradually shift from "producer-consumer" to "consumer-producer". • Land-based pension reshapes rural human-land relationship through the introduction of market mechanisms. • The practice of Lüyi Town shows that land-based pension has effectively solved the problem of rural pension. • Land-based pension is a practice to actively respond to rural population aging and deserves to be further promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the proportion of behind-the-meter (BTM) renewable energy resources (RERs) in the distribution network continues to rise, the precise role of RERs in the flexibility market, whether as "Recipients" or "Providers", is becoming less distinct. This observation has led us to explore the integration of flexible load resources and RERs into flexibility markets. Such integration facilitates resource sharing among multiple microgrids (MGs). This paper focuses on the potential emergence of a secondary flexibility (SecFlex) market in the power sector among high proportional BTM-RERs microgrids. Within the concept of SecFlex market, this paper outlines a comprehensive process supporting secondary flexibility trading, which includes "SecFlex market organization–trading volume collation–response schedule optimization". At first, the market mechanism of the SecFlex market is proposed, where players submit an empirical load curve to the market organizer. During the clearing stage, a social welfare equilibrium problem is solved. Subsequently, the equilibrium trading volume is adjusted in the collation stage to account for the distribution network (DN) voltage magnitude balance. Finally, a response schedule strategy is designed to analyze the behaviors of the players. The cvxpy framework is used to solve social welfare and competitive equilibrium in this paper. The results show significant cost reductions for two players, by 77.8% and 24.0% respectively. However, costs for Player 3 have increased substantially, up to 4.6 times the baseline when flexibility is limited. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the development of the SecFlex market. • A secondary flexibility market mechanism with high share of BTM RERS. • A comprehensive process including market, technical, and control aspects. • A trading volume collation method that supports the secondary flexibility market. • Discussion and control analysis of different behavior patterns of market players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we proposed a novel multi-robot collaborative exploration method to improve the efficiency and robustness of multi-robot exploration in unknown environments. Firstly, a novel frontier detection algorithm based on hybrid multi-strategy rapidly-exploring random tree (HMS-RRT) is proposed, which is composed of an adaptive incremental distance strategy, a subregion sampling strategy and a greedy frontier-based exploration strategy. To improve the frontier detection performance of the algorithm, we adopt the Voronoi diagram to continuously partition the explored region, and dynamically adjust the incremental distance according to the density of obstacles in the subregions. To avoid the algorithm is trapped in the local optimum, we use Gaussian distribution to calculate the sampling probability in each subregion, so that the algorithm tends to sample in the subregion with lower crowded level of nodes and cover the unexplored regions quickly. Secondly, we introduce the greedy frontier-based exploration strategy to explore all Voronoi polygons in turn and refine the search results, meanwhile, the centroid of each frontier region is extracted as the exploration target point. Then, a multi-robot task assignment strategy based on improved market mechanism is introduced to dynamically assign the exploration target points to each robot, and the map-merging algorithm is used in the exploration process to merge several local maps in real-time. Finally, an experimental testing platform is developed based on Robot Operating System (ROS) and a series of experiments are carried out. The results show that our method can improve the efficiency and reliability of multi-robot exploration in both the simulations and the prototype experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has made significant progress in developing renewable energy, but challenges in integrating variable sources like wind, solar, and hydro power persist. Existing research has a regional focus and lacks a comprehensive understanding of integration challenges in specific regions. Moreover, research concentrates on individual energy types rather than multiple sources. Addressing these challenges requires a deeper analysis of market rules, incentives, and mechanisms for integrating numerous renewable energy types. The existing research also overlooks crucial aspects like energy consumption, grid planning, and power market mechanisms. To promote renewable energy integration effectively, policymakers must address these interconnected factors through comprehensive investigations and research efforts. This study proposes tailored solutions to encourage integration in China based on international experiences, such as Brazil’s contract markets and electricity redistribution mechanism, the Nordic spot market, and California’s negative pricing mechanism. The strategies derived from global practices for China’s renewable energy integration include diverse trading mechanisms, expanded contract markets, optimized local consumption, fortified grid infrastructure, and improved market mechanisms.

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the new feature of multi-energy coupling and the advancement of the energy market, Energy Internet (EI) has higher requirements for the efficiency and applicability of integrated energy response. This paper proposes an indirect multi-energy transaction (IMET) to promote multi-energy collaborative optimization in local energy market (LEM) and improve energy utilization through personalized responses from We-Energies (WEs). Firstly, an indirect customer-to-customer multi-energy transaction is modeled for local multi-energy coupling market which can satisfy privacy, preference and autonomy of users. The efficiency of energy matching can be promoted through the participation of conversion devices. In addition, multi-time scale hybrid trading mechanism is constructed with the consideration of the transmission speed of different energy sources. Meanwhile, energy transaction process is built as a Markov decision process (MDP) with deep reinforcement learning algorithm so that the system modeling error can be successfully avoided. Furthermore, a distributed training structure is utilized to obtain more experience for a wider range of scenarios. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the gap between supply and demand in forestry carbon sequestration trading, an evolutionary game model of forest farmers, emission-controlled enterprises (ECEs), and the government is established, where the purchasing behavior of ECEs is divided into offsetting carbon emission and speculation in the carbon emission trade market. By sorting out the stable conditions of each equilibrium point, the causes of the gap between supply and demand are analyzed to explore the coupling mechanism between financial means and market regulation. At last, a numerical case of actual background is applied to verify the rationality of the conclusions. The study found that: (1) The combination of government financial subsidies with the market mechanism is based on subsidies to ECEs. (2) The best time for the government to reduce financial subsidies to forest farmers is when the carbon quota is tightened and more industries are included in the carbon trading system; the best time for the government to reduce subsidies to ECEs is when the carbon quota tightening policy dominates. (3) The reasons for market imbalance in the early and late stages of forestry carbon neutralization mechanism development are different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]