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Cirsium candelabrum is a Balkan endemic species, non-indigenous to Croatia. In the last 13 years its spread was observed only in Central Dalmatia. From 2015 to 2021 we have been recording its invasive spreading across the Kvarner region and its arrival to the southern edge of Gorski Kotar. The plants appear in diverse numbers in two different habitat types. In the sub-Mediterranean zone, the species inhabits ruderal habitats arising from the degradation of the natural vegetation by the construction works for traffic and communal infrastructure and the erection of industrial zones and shopping centres, accompanied by numerous invasive alien species. In the upper (montane and subalpine) zone of Mali and Veliki Platak, C. candelabrum dominates in stands on gravely road edges, forest ways, on incisions with glacial till, and especially luxuriant and dense populations form on the dug-up soil under the ski lift and along the ski run on Radeševo. Here, C. candelabrum is accompanied by native species characteristic for the forest edges and clearings and sometimes for ruderal, chasmophytyc or scree habitats.

The composition of free volatile compounds of essential oils (EO) and hydrosols (Hy) from four different localities of the species Veronica austriaca ssp. jacquinii (Baumg.) Eb. Fisch. were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In the EOs, the most abundant compounds identified were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (23.34–52.56%), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid, 26.71–58.91%) and octadecanol acetate (0–6.24%). The hydrosols were characterized by high abundance of methyl eugenol (23.35–57.93%), trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol (5.24–7.69%) and thymol (3.48–9.45%). Glandular trichomes were analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), as they are the sites of synthesis of free volatile compounds. We have detected glandular trichomes, consisting of a one stalk cell and two elliptically shaped head cells, and non-glandular (unbranched, bi-cellular to multicellular) trichomes on stems, leaves and the sepals. Data for volatile compounds from EOs and hydrosols were analyzed using Principal Component Analyses (PCA) to demonstrate variations in the composition of the volatile compounds identified. Isolated samples of EO and hydrosols were analyzed for their antioxidant activity using two methods, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity). The essential oils showed higher antioxidant activity than the hydrosols in ORAC method, but lower activity by the DPPH method. The isolates were also tested for their antiproliferative activity on different types of cancer cells and also on two lines of healthy cells, and the results showed that the extracts were not toxic to the cell lines tested. Total polyphenols, total tannins, total flavonoids and total phenolic acids were also analyzed and determined spectrophotometrically. The free volatile compounds of Veronica austriaca ssp. jacquinii can be considered as a safe natural product.

As a contribution to chemotaxonomic relations, a quantitative analysis of bioactive phenolic compounds was carried out for the first time in Drypis spinosa L. subsp. spinosa and D. spinosa subsp. jacquiniana Murb. et Wettst. ex Murb. in Croatia. Total polyphenols (TP), tannins (T) and total flavonoids (TF) were determined in samples of leaves, stems, and roots using UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods. For the subsp. spinosa, the highest content of TF was in leaves (0.09%), as was the highest amount of TP (2.36%) and T (1.12%). In the subsp. jacquiniana, the highest contents of TF (0.10%), TP (1.96%), and T (0.88%) were measured in stems. Coumaric, ferulic and rosmarinic acid were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis in both subspecies. Quercetin and sinapic acid were identified only in subsp. spinosa, while rutin and naringenin were found only in subsp. jacquiniana. Among them, ferulic acid was identified only in flowers of both subspecies. The results of this study represent a useful basis for further research of phytochemical and eventually phytotherapeutic potential of D. spinosa.

NATURA-2000, the ecological network of protected areas in the European Union that has been included in the Croatian legislation, defines Community important plant species with imperative on their conservation ex/in situ. In the Botanical Garden of the Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, five NATURA species have been selected as research subjects for germination study to shed light on the topic of their seed ecology and consequently advance their conservation efforts: Degenia velebitica, Scilla litardierei, Klasea lycopifolia, Ligularia sibirica and Genista holopetala. The freshly matured seeds of each species were exposed to cold or warm stratification in duration of four to sixteen weeks, and their germination was investigated through different regimes of incubation parameters, i.e. illumination (light/dark) and temperature (5, 15/6, 23 °C). All species had higher germination values after cold stratification, with the exception of G. holopetala. We concluded that D. velebitica, K. lycopifolia and presumably L. sibirica seeds has non-deep physiological dormancy while S. litardierei has deep complex morphophysiological dormancy and G. holopetala has physical dormancy. The observed patterns in seeds’ behaviour are consistent with the conditions in their natural habitats in Croatia and the knowledge of these patterns is vital for successful conservation strategies in the future.

Leaf and shoot characteristics of the following four European barberry taxa from the Balkan Peninsula and Sicily were investigated in the present study: Berberis croatica, B. vulgaris, B. aetnensis and B. cretica. Analyses were based on 10 populations of B. croatica, five of B. vulgaris and two populations of both B. aetnensis and B. cretica. Populations were randomly selected within the natural distribution area of these species. Eight leaf traits, three shoot traits and the blade length/width ratio were analysed. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, canonical discriminant analysis and cluster analysis) distinguished B. cretica and B. aetnensis populations and, to a lesser extent, the populations of B. croatica and B. vulgaris. ANOVA showed that the analysed populations of both B. aetnensis and B. cretica were homogeneous within the species. All populations of both B. croatica and B. vulgaris showed different degrees of intraspecies variability. Lack of complete separation, the observed grouping of populations and high intraspecies variability in B. vulgaris and B. croatica may reflect the fact that the sampled B vulgaris and B.croatica populations were located at environmentally variable sites (unlike B. aetnensis and B. cretica), resulting in high phenotypic plasticity in those populations. Even though the observed patterns of morphological variation support the idea of four barberry taxa on the Balkan Peninsula and in Sicily, because of suspected adaptive phenotypic plasticity of the analysed Berberis taxa, the true taxonomic status of these taxa needs to be additionally confirmed by molecular methods.

New localities of two endemic, rare and floristically interesting species in the north-western Dinaric Mountains in Croatia are reported in the paper. Both species are statutorily strictly threatened species in Croatia. Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott is as a rare, endemic species included in Appendix II of the Habitats Directive (NATURA 2000 Species) and in the IUCN list as data deficient (DD) species. New localities of A. kitaibelii were found on Mt Obruč and central and south section of Mt Velebit, while new localities of Cardaminopsis croatica (Schott, Nyman et Kotschy) Jáv. were discovered on hills in the Gacka Region and the cenral section of Mt Velebit. In general, both species grow mainly from fissures on rocks together with other petrophilous plant species. It was also noted that A. kitaibelii grows on screes. In Gacka Region C. croatica grows in thermophilous habitats, that is, on rocks with different expositions, together with thermophilous sub-Mediterranean species and with some mountain species of common beech and silver fir forests. In the central section of Mt Velebit, C. croatica also grows in a thermophilous community of forest rocks as well as in anthropogenic habitats, like the edges of gravel roads. These observations suggest the ecological adaptability of that endemic species.

Satureja montanaL. and S. subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae) are used for centuries in traditional medicine of Balcanic people in the healing of the lymphatic nodule and respiratory system inflammation. In this paper the amount of total phenols and flavonoids (analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry), phenolic compounds profile (analyzed by HPLC), antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were studied in samples collected in seven per species populations of S. montanaand S. subspicatain Croatia. Eight phenolic compounds (rutin, quercetin, caffeic, p-coumaric, ellagic, protocatehuic, rosmarinic, and syringic acid) were identified and quantified using HPLC in methanolic and ethanolic extracts. Results showed that both species contained polyphenolics and other antioxidant compounds with chelating and radical-scavenging properties. The extracts prepared from both species showed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on in vitrotested microbial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and Microsporum gypseum).

Satureja montanaL. and S. subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae) are used for centuries in traditional medicine of Balcanic people in the healing of the lymphatic nodule and respiratory system inflammation. In this paper the amount of total phenols and flavonoids (analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry), phenolic compounds profile (analyzed by HPLC), antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were studied in samples collected in seven per species populations of S. montanaand S. subspicatain Croatia. Eight phenolic compounds (rutin, quercetin, caffeic, p-coumaric, ellagic, protocatehuic, rosmarinic, and syringic acid) were identified and quantified using HPLC in methanolic and ethanolic extracts. Results showed that both species contained polyphenolics and other antioxidant compounds with chelating and radical-scavenging properties. The extracts prepared from both species showed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on in vitrotested microbial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and Microsporum gypseum).

New localities of two endemic, rare and floristically interesting species in the north-western Dinaric Mountains in Croatia are reported in the paper. Both species are statutorily strictly protected species in Croatia. Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott, as a rare, endemic species, is included in Appendix II of the Habitats Directive (NATURA 2000 Species) and in the IUCN list as a data deficient (DD) species. New localities of A. kitaibelii were found on Mt Obruč and the central and south sections of Mt Velebit, while new localities of Cardaminopsis croatica (Schott, Nyman et Kotschy) Jáv. were discovered on hills in the Gacka Region and the central section of Mt Velebit. In general, both species grow mainly from fissures on rocks together with other petrophilous plant species. It was also noted that A. kitaibelii grows on screes. In Gacka Region C. croatica grows in thermophilous habitats, that is, on rocks with different exposures, together with thermophilous sub-Mediterranean species and with some mountain species of common beech and silver fir forests. In the central section of Mt Velebit, C. croatica also grows in a thermophilous community of forest rocks as well as in anthropogenic habitats, like the edges of gravel roads. These observations suggest the ecological adaptability of this endemic species., U radu su navedeni novi, do sada neobjavljeni lokaliteti dviju endemičnih i floristički zanimljivih vrsta rasprostranjenih na području sjeverozapadnih Dinarida u Hrvatskoj. Obje vrste su u nas i zakonom strogo zaštićene. Jedna od njih je Kitaibelov pakujac (Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott) koji je kao rijetka, endemična vrsta uvrštena na popis NATURA 2000 vrsta. Nova nalazišta Kitaibelova pakujca zabilježena su na širem području planinske skupine planine Obruč te na srednjem i južnom Velebitu, dok su novi lokaliteti hrvatske gušarke (Cardaminopsis croatica (Schott, Nyman et Kotschy) Jáv.) utvrđeni na području srednjeg Velebita i na padinama brežuljaka regije Gacke. Obje vrste na većini novih nalazišta rastu u pukotinama stijena zajedno s drugim petrofilnim vrstama, a Kitaibelov pakujac zabilježili smo i na točilima. Za hrvatsku gušarku posebno su zanimljiva nalazišta u regiji Gackoj, gdje raste na termofilnim stijenama različitih ekspozicija, u okruženju mješavine termofilnih submediteranskih vrsta i nekih brdskih vrsta bukovo-jelovih šuma. Uz Premužićevu stazu na srednjem Velebitu C. croatica se također pojavljuje u termofilnim zajednicama šumskih stijena. Opaženo je i da, osim stijena, hrvatska gušarka nastanjuje i sekundarna, antropogena staništa, kao što su rubovi šumskih cesta, što ukazuje na ekološku plastičnost ove endemične vrste.

Analysis of the morphological traits of leaves, genetic variability (analysed by AFLP) and chemical composition of essential oils (analysed by GC-MS) was conducted on eleven populations of the endemic Illyric-Balcanic species Teucrium arduini L. in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. Average blade length and width ranged from 20.00 to 31.47 mm and from 11.58 to 15.66 mm, respectively. Multivariate analysis (PCA, UPGMA) of morphological traits distinguished two continental Bosnian populations from the remaining populations. AFLP analysis separated the investigated populations into two groups based primarily on geographical distance. Essential oil analysis showed a total of 52 compounds, with two chemotypes distinguished based on the essential oil profile. The first was a sesquiterpene chemotype, with β-caryophyllene, germacrene D or caryophyllene oxide as the major compounds, while the second was an oxygenated monoterpene chemotype, with pulegone and piperitone oxide as the main components. The Mantel test showed a stronger correlation between the morphological traits and AFLP than between the essential oil profile and AFLP. The test also showed a stronger association between the essential oil profile and geographical position than between the morphological traits and geographical position.

New localities of the endemic species Berberis croatica Horvat and Teucrium arduini l. in the northwestern and central Dinaric Mountains in Croatia are listed in this paper. Berberis croatica was found in the hinterland mountains of the city of Rij eka, in Gorski kotar (Mt Drgomalj), and on Mt Velebit and Mt Kamešnica. Teucrium arduini was observed in new localities on Mt Velebit, Mt Visoka, Bili Brig near Sinj, Mt Kamešnica, in Cetina River Canyon, on Mt Biokovo, and Brač Island. Information about new sites of B. croatica and T. arduini will be of help in future research of these endemic species, which is essential in ensuring their protection, U radu su navedeni novi, do sada neobjavljeni lokaliteti dviju endemičnih vrsta, hrvatske žutike (Berberis croatica Horvat) i Arduinova dubačca (Teucrium arduini L.) na području Dinarida u Hrvatskoj. Novi lokaliteti hrvatske žutike zabilježeni su na planinama u zaleđu grada Rijeke, u Gorskom kotaru (Drgomalj), na Velebitu i na Kamešnici. Arduinov dubačac pronađen je na novim lokalitetima na Velebitu, na planini Visoka, na Bilom Brigu u blizini Sinja, Kamešnici, u kanjonu rijeke Cetine, na Biokovu te na otoku Braču. Podaci o novim lokalitetima hrvatske žutike i Arduinova dubačca predstavljaju značajan doprinos budućim istraživanjima ovih vrsta, koja su potrebna za njihovu adekvatnu zaštitu, kao i za očuvanje biološke raznolikosti u Republici Hrvatskoj.

The species Cacyreus marshalli was introduced into Europe from South Africa in 1978. In Croatia its presence was noted for the first time in 2009 in Mali Lošinj. Previous research has recorded this species at around 20 localities. The present paper gives new records of the species Geranium Bronze from 28 localities in the Mediterranean part of Croatia with some data regarding its ecology and ethology. The known margin of the distribution area of C. marsahalli in Croatia has expanded by around 50 kilometres to the south-east to the islands Korčula and Lastovo and in inland to the Pelješac peninsula. The Geranium Bronze has not been recorded in the continental and central mountain part of Croatia, but was for the first time recorded on Mt. Učka, on 934 meters a.s.l., Cacyreus marshalli je vrsta introducirana na područje Europe 1978. godine s područja južne Afrike. Na području Hrvatske prvi put je zabilježena 2009. godine u Malom Lošinju. Dosadašnjim istraživanjima bila je zabilježena na području Hrvatske na 20-ak lokaliteta. Ovim radom daju se novi nalazi pelargonijinog plavca na 28 lokaliteta u mediteranskom dijelu Hrvatske te neki podaci o njegovoj ekologiji i etologiji na području Hrvatske. Granica areala C. marshalli proširena je na području Hrvatske za 50-ak km prema jugoistoku i sada su to otoci Korčula i Lastovo i na kopnu poluotok Pelješac. Pelargonijev plavac nije utvrđen u kontinentalnom ni središnje planinskom području Hrvatske, ali je po prvi put zabilježen na Učki na 934 metra nadmorske visine.

New localities of three rare and floristically interesting NATURA 2000 species in the north-western Dinaric Mountains in Croatia are presented in this paper. Pulsatilla grandis Wender. was found on the mountains around Rijeka, above Vinodol valley (Croatian Littoral), and in the central part of Mt Velebit. Genista holopetala (Koch) Bald. was found on the mountains around Rijeka and above Vinodol valley (Croatian Littoral), while Cypripedium calceolus L. was noticed on the southern part of Mt Velebit. Information about new sites will be of great help in the future research that is essential for all three species to ensure protection and assist in setting up population monitoring. Additionaly, it was ascertained that afforestation of grassland habitats by natural forest vegetation represents the greatest threat to P. grandis and G. holopetala., U radu su navedeni novi, do sada neobjavljeni lokaliteti triju rijetkih i floristički zanimljivih NATURA 2000 vrsta na području sjeverozapadnih Dinarida u Hrvatskoj. Novi lokaliteti vrste Pulsatilla grandis Wender. zabilježeni su na planinama u zaleđu grada Rijeke, iznad Vinodola te na području srednjeg Velebita. Genista holopetala (Koch) Bald. pronađena je na novim lokalitetima na planinama u zaleđu Rijeke i iznad Vinodola, dok su novi mikrolokaliteti vrste Cypripedium calceolus zabilježeni na području južnog Velebita. Podaci o novim lokalitetima predstavljaju značajan doprinos budućim istraživanjima ovih triju vrsta koja su neophodna za njihovu adekvatnu zaštitu i moguću uspostavu monitoringa nad njihovim prirodnim populacijama. Također, utvrđeno je da zaraštanje prirodnih travnjačkih staništa drvećem i grmljem trenutno predstavlja najveću opasnost za populacije vrsta P. grandis i G. holopetala.

The quantity of phenols, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, were investigated in bark of Rhamnus alaternus L., R. fallax Boiss., R. intermedia Steud. et Hochst., and R. pumila Turra from natural stands in Croatia. The most abundant anthraquinones in the investigated extracts were chrysophanol in R. alaternus (3.14 mg/g), emodin in R. pumila (0.339 mg/g), and physcion in R. fallax (2.70 mg/g) and R. intermedia (0.285 mg/g). The species exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity were R. fallax and R. pumila. A positive correlation was observed between total phenolic and flavonoid levels of the extracts and antioxidant activity in some of the assays. All species showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Microsporum gypseum with minimal inhibitory concentrations equal to or below 2.500 mg/mL. The results indicate that the investigated Rhamnus species are a source of anthraquinones and other phenols, which act as multifunctional antioxidants with antimicrobial activity.

The content of biologically active phenolic compounds (total polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids) were determined using spectrophotometry in four wild Croatian species of Daphne L. in the family Thymelaeaceae (Daphne alpina, D. cneorum, D. laureola, and D. mezereum). The concentration of total flavonoids (TF) was highest in the leaves of these Daphne species (0.12–0.51% dry herb weight, DW) whereas the content of other phenolic compounds analyzed were highest in the roots, including total polyphenols (TP; 2.71–19.03% DW), tannins (T; 1.14–7.39% DW), and total phenolic acids (TPA; 0.12–0.87% DW). D. alpina contained the highest amount of polyphenols, with the exception of flavonoids, where maximum concentrations were found in D. laureola. We also examined the antioxidant activity of leaf, stem, and root extracts. All extracts analyzed demonstrated high free radical scavenging activity with the highest concentration in the leaf extracts of D. alpina. Leaf extracts of D. cneorum showed the highest antioxidant activity in a β-carotene bleaching assay.

New localities of some rare and floristically interesting species in the Dinaric Mountains are listed in the paper. Daphne cneorum L. was previously found in the hinterland mountains of the town of Rijeka, Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. on Mt Velebit, Rhamnus pumila Turra on Mt Obruč and Mt Risnjak, Sorbus chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz on Mt Obruč and Mt Velebit, and Salix waldsteiniana Willd. on Mt Risnjak., U radu su navedeni dosad nezabilježeni lokaliteti pet floristički zanimljivih i rijetkih biljnih vrsta na području sjeverozapadnih Dinarida u Hrvatskoj. Novi lokaliteti vrste Daphne cneorum L. su zabilježeni na planinama u zaleđu grada Rijeke, vrste Paeonia mascula na Velebitu, vrsta Rhamnus pumila Turra i Sorbus chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz) na planinama Obruč i Risnjak, te vrste Salix waldsteiniana Willd. na Risnjaku.

Satureja montana and S. subspicata are used as a spices, pepper substitute, for preparing tea, juice, and as a medicine. Fourteen populations (seven per species) of Satureja montana L. and S. subspicata Vis. in Croatia were examined to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil (analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS), the content of macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Al, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Hg, As) analysed by ICP-AES, the determination of antioxidants compounds (analysed by UV/Vis spectrophotometer), and determination of the types and distribution of trichomes (analysed by scanning electron microscopy). The main constituents of the essential oil were carvacrol and thymol in S. montana (all populations belong to one phenol chemotype) while α-eudesmol, β- eudesmol and spathulenol dominated in S. subspicata (three chemotype could be distinguished). Both species possess considerably higher quantities of Ca and Mg, and moderate concentrations of K and Na, while Hg and As levels were below the limit of quantification. Non- glandular trichomes, peltate trichomes, and three types of capitate trichomes were observed on leaves, stem, calyx and corolla.

New localities of the subendemic speciesBerberis croatica, Teucrium arduiniandMicromeria croaticain the Dinaric AlpsNew localities of three subendemic species (Berberis croatica, Teucrium arduiniandMicromeria croatica) have been found in the Dinaric Alps.Berberis croaticawas found at ten new locations, nine of them in Croatia and one in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Teucrium arduiniwas found on Mt Učka, Mt Velebit, Mt Biokovo and Mt Sniježnica, at nine new locations whileMicromeria croaticawas found at four new locations, only on Mt Velebit.

Barks of seven Rhamnus L. and two Frangula Mill. species growing in Croatia were investigated in order to determine the content of biologically active compounds. All taxa tested had a high content of total polyphenols (from 2.68% in R. orbiculata to 8.50% in R. pumila), medium content of glucofrangulins (from 0.22% in R. pumila to 9.26% in R. fallax), nontannic polyphenols (from 0.73% in R. orbiculata to 5.92% in F. alnus) and tannins (from 1.10% in R. saxatilis to 4.92% in R. alaternus) and a rather low content of phenolic acids (from 0.44% in R. orbiculata to 1.81% in R. intermedia) and flavonoids (from 0.02% in F. alnus to 1.44% in R. pumila). ANOVA showed the most variability for content of glucofrangulins, less for content of flavonoids, phenolic acids and nontannic polyphenols, and the least for content of total polyphenols and tannins.

The only finding of the American neophyte E. prostrata reported for Croatia so far comes from Mali Lošinj (ČARNI & JOGAN, 1998). This paper reports for the first time finding sites in localities from Škrljevo and Rijeka as well as numerous localities from Dalmatia (Šibenik and surroundings, Zadar, Trogir, Split and Makarska) which indicates that this neophyte has been spreading along the Croatian coast. The findings from Škrljevo and Rijeka in 1981 indicate that E. prostrata existed in Croatia much longer than can be gathered from the data published so far., Jedini dosad objavljeni nalaz amerikanoneofita E. prostrata za Hrvatsku potječe iz Malog Lošinja (ČARNI & JOGAN, 1998). U radu se prvi put navode nalazišta iz Škrljeva i Rijeke te veći broj nalazišta iz Dalmacije (Šibenik i okolica, Zadar, Trogir, Split i Makarska) koji pokazuju da se ovaj neofit širi u obalnom području Hrvatske. Posebno su značajni nalazi iz 1981. godine iz Škrljeva i Rijeke koji pokazuju da je E. prostrata u Hrvatskoj prisutna znatno duže nego što se iz dosad objavljenih podataka moglo zaključiti.

In this short communication the authors present information about a new locality for the endemic species Degenia velebitica (Degen) Hayek. The new locality was found a few kilometres above Sibinj, on the sides of the hill Veliki vrh, between Veliki vrh and Tomišina draga. This region belongs to the Croatian littoral. This new locality establishes the fact that Degenia velebitica (Degen) Hayek does not grow only on Velebit mountain, as considered till now., U ovom kratkom priopćenju govori se o novom nalazištu endemične vrste Degenia velebitica (Degen) Hayek. Novo nalazište se nalazi nekoliko kilometara iznad Sibinja, na padinama Velikog vrha, između Velikog vrha i Tomišine drage. To područje geografski pripada Hrvatskom primorju. Novi nalaz pokazuje da Degenia velebitica (Degen) Hayek ne raste samo na Velebitu kako se smatralo dosad.