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1. Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance

Author

Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., Bastian B., Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., and Bastian B.

Abstract

While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.

Published
2023

2. The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

Author

Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thi Thu Bui H., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Thi Thu Bui H.

Abstract

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation.

Published
2023

3. Who in the world is trying to change their personality traits? Volitional personality change among college students in six continents

Author

Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski, E., Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, Z., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C. E., Pelletierdumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Buchtel, E. E., Wai-Lan Yeung, V., Forero, D. A., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrõebícková, M., Graf, S., Strøbæk, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Lado, V., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Das, A., Lavalekar, A., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramírezesparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Lekne, Waldal Holen, V., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klæva, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Gastardo- Conaco, M. C., Malaya, D., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, and Akalin, Pelin Karakus

Subjects
Volition, College Students, Volitional personality change, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, College student, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, Emotions, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Cross-cultural, Personality Disorders, 050105 experimental psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Students, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Personality
Abstract

Recent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals' active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2021
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4. Who in the World Is Trying to Change Their Personality Traits? Volitional Personality Change Among College Students in Six Continents

Author

Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Bui H. T. T.

Abstract

Recent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals’ active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world

Published
2021

5. Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Author

Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Bui H. T. T.

Abstract

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

Published
2020

6. Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 countries

Author

Lee, D, Gardiner, G, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Das, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Lee, D, Gardiner, G, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Das, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., and Stocks E.

Abstract

Objective: The current study seeks to replicate and extend principal findings reported in The World at 7:00, a project that examined the psychological experience of situations in 20 countries. Method: Data were collected from participants in 62 countries (N = 15,318), recruited from universities by local collaborators to complete the study via a custom-built website using 42 languages. Results: Several findings of the previous study were replicated. The average reported situational experience around the world was mildly positive. The same countries tended to be most alike in reported situational experience (r =.60) across the two studies, among the countries included in both. As in the previous study, the homogeneity of reported situational experience was significantly greater within than between countries, although the difference was small. The previously reported exploratory finding that negative aspects of situations varied more across countries than positive aspects did not replicate. Correlations between aspects of reported situational experience and country-level average value scores, personality, and demographic variables were largely similar between the two studies. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of cross-cultural situational research and the need to replicate its results, and highlight the complex interplay of culture and situational experience.

Published
2020

7. Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Author

Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Kulich, Clara, Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, University of Southern California (USC), Department of Psychology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ha, Shang E, İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Karakus Akalin, Pelin, Gardiner, Gwendolyn [0000-0001-8118-9164], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Baranski, E., Funder, D., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., De Fruyt, F., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., Gonzalez, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrebickova, M., Graf, S., Strobak, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdi, V. L., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Buchtel, E. E., Yeung, V. W. -L., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Lavalekar, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramirez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klava, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Espinosa, A., Gastardo-Conaco, M. C., Quinones, D. M. A., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Colovic, P., Smederevac, S., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., De Kock, F., Han, G., Suh, E. M., Choi, S., Oceja, L., Villar, S., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Kekecs, Z., Arlinghaus, N., Johnson, D. P., O'Donnell, A. K., Buhler, J. L., Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Allemand, M., Chang, Y. -P., Lin, W., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Rentfrow, J., Conner, M., Tullett, A., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., Stocks, E., and Bui, H. T. T.

Subjects
Male, Internationality, Social connectedness, Happiness, Emotions, Culture, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Social Sciences, 050109 social psychology, Geographical locations, Theoretical, ddc:150, Sociology, Japan, Models, Schema (psychology), Psychology, Sociocultural evolution, media_common, Members of the International Situations Project, Harmony (color), Multidisciplinary, 05 social sciences, Europe, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Medicine, Female, Social psychology, Human, Research Article, China, Asia, General Science & Technology, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Reproducibility of Result, Happine, Interpersonal communication, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Cross-Cultural Studies, Cross-cultural, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, cross-cultural, happiness, personality, Reproducibility of Results, Biology and Life Sciences, Models, Theoretical, United States, North America, Emic and etic, People and places
Abstract

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emic-etic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country’s “WEIRD-ness.” Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is “WEIRD-er” than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

Published
2020
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8. Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 Countries

Author

Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., González R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Ž., Hrebícková M., Graf S., Strøbæk P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun Á., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramírez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klæva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quiñones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O’Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Bühler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Lee, D. I., Gardiner, G., Baranski, E., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Jerneic, Ž., Hrebícková, M., Graf, S., Strøbæk, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdia, V. L., Rauthmann, J., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Buchtel, E. E., Yeung, V. W. -L., Kun, Á., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Lavalekar, A., Das, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Komiya, A., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramírez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Aken, M. V., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klæva, K., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Rizwan, M., Espinosa, A., Conaco, M. C. G., Quiñones, D. M. A., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Szarota, P., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Smederevac, S., Colovic, P., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., Kock, F. D., Han, G., Suh, E. M., Choi, S., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Oceja, L., Villar, S., Kekecs, Z., Arlinghaus, N., Johnson, D. P., O’Donnell, A. K., Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Bühler, J. L., Allemand, M., Chang, Y. -P., Lin, W. -F., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, S. A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Conner, M., Rentfrow, J., Tullett, A., Sauerberger, K., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., and Stocks, E.

Published
2020

9. The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

Author

Gwendolyn Gardiner, Daniel I. Lee, Erica Baranski, David C. Funder, Maite Beramendi, Brock Bastian, Aljoscha Neubauer, Diego Cortez, Eric Roth, Ana Torres, Daniela S. Zanini, Kristina Petkova, Jessica Tracy, Catherine Amiot, Mathieu Pelletier-Dumas, Roberto González, Ana Rosenbluth, Sergio Salgado, Yanjun Guan, Yu Yang, Diego Forero, Andrés Camargo, Emmanouil Papastefanakis, Georgios Kritsotakis, Eirini Spyridaki, Evangelia Fragkiadaki, Željko Jerneić, Martina Hřebíčková, Sylvie Graf, Pernille Strøbæk, Anu Realo, Maja Becker, Christelle Maisonneuve, Sofian El-Astal, Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia, John Rauthmann, Matthias Ziegler, Lars Penke, Emma E. Buchtel, Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung, Ágota Kun, Peter Gadanecz, Zoltán Vass, Máté Smohai, Anagha Lavalekar, Meta Zahro Aurelia, Dian Kinayung, Vanessa Gaffar, Gavin Sullivan, Christopher Day, Eyal Rechter, Marco Perugini, Giulio Costantini, Augusto Gnisci, Ida Sergi, Vincenzo Paolo Senese, Francesca Mottola, Tatsuya Sato, Yuki Nakata, Shizuka Kawamoto, Asuka Komiya, Marwan Al-Zoubi, Nicholas Owsley, Chaning Jang, Georgina Mburu, Irene Ngina, Girts Dimdins, Rasa Barkauskiene, Alfredas Laurinavicius, Marijana Markovikj, Eleonara Serafimovska, Khairul A. Mastor, Elliott Kruse, Nairán Ramírez-Esparza, Jaap Denissen, Marcel Van Aken, Ron Fischer, Ike E. Onyishi, Kalu T. Ogba, Siri Leknes, Vera Waldal Holen, Ingelin Hansen, Christian Krog Tamnes, Kaia Klæva, Rukhsana Kausar, Nashi Khan, Muhammad Rizwan, Agustín Espinosa, Maria Cecilia Gastardo-Conaco, Diwa Malaya A. Quiñones, Paweł Izdebski, Martyna Kotyśko, Piotr Szarota, Joana Henriques-Calado, Florin Alin Sava, Olya Lvova, Victoria Pogrebitskaya, Mikhail Allakhverdov, Sergey Manichev, Oumar Barry, Snežana Smederevac, Petar Čolović, Dušanka Mitrović, Milan Oljača, Ryan Hong, Peter Halama, Janek Musek, Francois De Kock, Gyuseog Han, Eunkook M. Suh, Soyeon Choi, David Gallardo-Pujol, Luis Oceja, Sergio Villar, Zoltan Kekecs, Nils Arlinghaus, Daniel P. Johnson, Alice Kathryn O'Donnell, Clara Kulich, Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi, Janina Larissa Bühler, Mathias Allemand, Yen-Ping Chang, Wei-fang Lin, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, S. Adil Saribay, Oya Somer, Pelin Karakus Akalin, Peter Kakubeire Baguma, Alexander Vinogradov, Larisa Zhuravlova, Mark Conner, Jason Rentfrow, Alexa Tullett, Kyle Sauerberger, Douglas E. Colman, Joey T. Cheng, Eric Stocks, Huyen Thi Thu Bui, Gardiner, Gwendolyn, Lee, Daniel I., Baranski, Erica, Funder, David C., Beramendi, Maite, Bastian, Brock, Neubauer, Aljoscha, Cortez, Diego, Roth, Eric, Torres, Ana, Zanini, Daniela S., Petkova, Kristina, Tracy, Jessica, Amiot, Catherine, Pelletier-Dumas, Mathieu, González, Roberto, Rosenbluth, Ana, Salgado, Sergio, Guan, Yanjun, Yang, Yu, Forero, Diego, Camargo, André, Papastefanakis, Emmanouil, Kritsotakis, Georgio, Spyridaki, Eirini, Fragkiadaki, Evangelia, Jerneić, Željko, Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Strøbæk, Pernille, Realo, Anu, Becker, Maja, Maisonneuve, Christelle, El-Astal, Sofian, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer Lado, Rauthmann, John, Ziegler, Matthia, Penke, Lar, Buchtel, Emma E., Yeung, Victoria Wai-Lan, Kun, Ágota, Gadanecz, Peter, Vass, Zoltán, Smohai, Máté, Lavalekar, Anagha, Aurelia, Meta Zahro, Kinayung, Dian, Gaffar, Vanessa, Sullivan, Gavin, Day, Christopher, Rechter, Eyal, Perugini, Marco, Costantini, Giulio, Gnisci, Augusto, Sergi, Ida, Senese, Vincenzo Paolo, Mottola, Francesca, Sato, Tatsuya, Nakata, Yuki, Kawamoto, Shizuka, Komiya, Asuka, Al-Zoubi, Marwan, Owsley, Nichola, Jang, Chaning, Mburu, Georgina, Ngina, Irene, Dimdins, Girt, Barkauskiene, Rasa, Laurinavicius, Alfreda, Markovikj, Marijana, Serafimovska, Eleonara, Mastor, Khairul A., Kruse, Elliott, Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán, Denissen, Jaap, Van Aken, Marcel, Fischer, Ron, Onyishi, Ike E., Ogba, Kalu T., Leknes, Siri, Holen, Vera Waldal, Hansen, Ingelin, Tamnes, Christian Krog, Klæva, Kaia, Kausar, Rukhsana, Khan, Nashi, Rizwan, Muhammad, Espinosa, Agustín, Gastardo-Conaco, Maria Cecilia, Quiñones, Diwa Malaya A., Izdebski, Paweł, Kotyśko, Martyna, Szarota, Piotr, Henriques-Calado, Joana, Sava, Florin Alin, Lvova, Olya, Pogrebitskaya, Victoria, Allakhverdov, Mikhail, Manichev, Sergey, Barry, Oumar, Smederevac, Snežana, Čolović, Petar, Mitrović, Dušanka, Oljača, Milan, Hong, Ryan, Halama, Peter, Musek, Janek, De Kock, Francoi, Han, Gyuseog, Suh, Eunkook M., Choi, Soyeon, Gallardo-Pujol, David, Oceja, Lui, Villar, Sergio, Kekecs, Zoltan, Arlinghaus, Nil, Johnson, Daniel P., O'Donnell, Alice Kathryn, Kulich, Clara, Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, Bühler, Janina Larissa, Allemand, Mathia, Chang, Yen-Ping, Lin, Wei-fang, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Saribay, S. Adil, Somer, Oya, Akalin, Pelin Karaku, Baguma, Peter Kakubeire, Vinogradov, Alexander, Zhuravlova, Larisa, Conner, Mark, Rentfrow, Jason, Tullett, Alexa, Sauerberger, Kyle, Colman, Douglas E., Cheng, Joey T., Stocks, Eric, Thi Thu Bui, Huyen, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, and Thi Thu Bui, H

Subjects
Psicología positiva, Subjective well-being, Cultura, Positive psychology, Economic development, Culture, Situational assessment, Socioeconomic statu, Desarrollo económico, General Medicine, Psicología ambiental, Ecological psychology
Abstract

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation. Incluye referencias bibliográficas

Published
2023

10. Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance

Author

Matthew J. Hornsey, Samuel Pearson, Jemima Kang, Kai Sassenberg, Jolanda Jetten, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Lucia G. Medina, Catherine E. Amiot, Liisi Ausmees, Peter Baguma, Oumar Barry, Maja Becker, Michal Bilewicz, Thomas Castelain, Giulio Costantini, Girts Dimdins, Agustín Espinosa, Gillian Finchilescu, Malte Friese, Roberto González, Nobuhiko Goto, Ángel Gómez, Peter Halama, Ruby Ilustrisimo, Gabriela M. Jiga‐Boy, Johannes Karl, Peter Kuppens, Steve Loughnan, Marijana Markovikj, Khairul A. Mastor, Neil McLatchie, Lindsay M. Novak, Blessing N. Onyekachi, Müjde Peker, Muhammad Rizwan, Mark Schaller, Eunkook M. Suh, Sanaz Talaifar, Eddie M. W. Tong, Ana Torres, Rhiannon N. Turner, Christin‐Melanie Vauclair, Alexander Vinogradov, Zhechen Wang, Victoria Wai Lan Yeung, Brock Bastian, Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Social Psychology, Amsterdam Sustainability Institute, IBBA, A-LAB, and Peker Booth, Mujde

Subjects
CONSEQUENCES, SDG 16 - Peace, Social Psychology, Psicologia social, conspiracy belief, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Conspiracy theories, Social Sciences, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Conspiració, Teories de la, Psychology, Social, conspiracies, Social psychology, Justice and Strong Institutions, GDP, Social representations, conspiracy beliefs, economic vitality, conspiracie, ORIGINS, political trust, Psychology, Representacions socials
Abstract

While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis. WOS:000869285600001 2-s2.0-85132525534 Social Sciences Citation Index Q2 Article; Early Access Uluslararası işbirliği ile yapılan - EVET October 2022 YÖK - 2022-23 Ekim

Published
2022
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