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We present a methodology based on ex situ (postgrowth) electrochemistry to control the oxygen concentration in thin films of the superconducting oxide La2CuO4+y grown epitaxially on substrates of isostructural LaSrAlO4. The superconducting transition temperature, which depends on the oxygen concentration, can be tuned by adjusting the pH level of the base solution used for the electrochemical reaction. As our main finding, we demonstrate that the dopant oxygens can either occupy the interstitial layer in an orientationally disordered state or organize into a crystalline phase via a mechanism in which dopant oxygens are inserted into the substrate, changing the lattice symmetry of both the substrate and the epitaxial film. We discuss this mechanism, and we describe the resulting methodology as a platform to be explored in thin films of other transition-metal oxides.

The article in the British Journal of Haematology discusses the treatment of refractory severe idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) with daratumumab, an anti-CD38 antibody. The study reports on a case series of seven patients who received daratumumab treatment, with four patients achieving sustained complete remission. The findings suggest that daratumumab may be a valid treatment option for refractory ITP patients, leading to durable responses in some cases. Additional data from prospective clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of daratumumab in treating ITP. [Extracted from the article]

Scientific collaboration yields many advantages, especially in fields that require interdisciplinary approaches, as it fosters the sharing of knowledge and resources and is essential for the implementation of complex projects. The concept of scientific internationalism emerged around the 1900s, emphasizing that science surpasses national boundaries and promotes global peace and collaboration. International scientific cooperation is halted by geopolitical tensions and conflicts, such as World War II and the Cold War. Nevertheless, many examples show that scientific collaboration can surpass conflicts and bring scientific and society development, such as in the cases of the Tick-borne Encephalitis vaccine, the Apollo-Soyuz test project and more recently the international endeavour for COVID-19 vaccine development. In this contest, UN and WHO have an imporant role to promote peace and scientific cooperation, examplified by the 16th Sustainable Development Goal, to "Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies". This review aims to assess the available literature regarding international scientific collaboration and the role of scientific societies in promoting scientific cooperation. Scientific societies have proved to be pivotal in bridging cultures and promoting international cooperation. Apart from the historical example of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, which showed an important cooperation between Western and Eastern countries during the Cold War, the scientific society European Biotechnology thematic network Association (EBTNA) has international scientific cooperation as one of its critical goals. Scientific societies such as EBTNA will be pivotal in promoting international scientific cooperation and fostering international activities and scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide infertility crisis and the increase in mortality and morbidity among infants, due to preterm births and associated complications, have stimulated research into artificial placenta (AP) and artificial womb (AW) technology as novel solutions. These technologies mimic the natural environment provided in the mother's womb, using chambers that ensure the supply of nutrients to the fetus and disposal of waste substances through an appropriate mechanism. This review aims to highlight the background of AP and AW technologies, revisit their historical development and proposed applications, and discuss challenges and bioethical and moral issues. Further research is required to investigate any negative effects of these new technologies, and ethical concerns pertaining to the structure and operation of this newly developed technology must be addressed and resolved prior to its introduction to the public sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scholarly article delves into the multifaceted domains of human cloning, encompassing its biological underpinnings, ethical dimensions, and broader societal implications. The exposition commences with a succinct historical and contextual overview of human cloning, segueing into an in-depth exploration of its biological intricacies. Central to this biological scrutiny is a comprehensive analysis of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and its assorted iterations. The accomplishments and discoveries in cloning technology, such as successful animal cloning operations and advances in the efficiency and viability of cloned embryos, are reviewed. Future improvements, such as reprogramming procedures and gene editing technology, are also discussed. The discourse extends to ethical quandaries intrinsic to human cloning, entailing an extensive contemplation of values such as human dignity, autonomy, and safety. Furthermore, the ramifications of human cloning on a societal plane are subjected to scrutiny, with a dedicated emphasis on ramifications encompassing personal identity, kinship connections, and the fundamental notion of maternity. Culminating the analysis is a reiteration of the imperative to develop and govern human cloning technology judiciously and conscientiously. Finally, it discusses several ethical and practical issues, such as safety concerns, the possibility of exploitation, and the erosion of human dignity, and emphasizes the significance of carefully considering these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]