878 results on '"Marmiroli P."'
Search Results
2. Transient ureteral obstruction after mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy is associated with stone volume and location: results from a single-center, real-life study
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Nizzardo, Marco, Zanetti, Stefano Paolo, Marmiroli, Andrea, Lucignani, Gianpaolo, Turetti, Matteo, Silvani, Carlo, Gadda, Franco, Longo, Fabrizio, De Lorenzis, Elisa, Albo, Giancarlo, Salonia, Andrea, Montanari, Emanuele, and Boeri, Luca
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- 2024
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3. Prevalence and predictors of stone passage after double J stenting for symptomatic ureteral stones: a cross-sectional, real-life study
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Nogara, Andrea, Lucignani, Gianpaolo, Turetti, Matteo, Silvani, Carlo, Marmiroli, Andrea, Nizzardo, Marco, Gadda, Franco, Zanetti, Stefano Paolo, Longo, Fabrizio, De Lorenzis, Elisa, Albo, Giancarlo, Salonia, Andrea, Montanari, Emanuele, and Boeri, Luca
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- 2024
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4. 3D integral imaging of acoustically trapped objects
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Mohsenvand, Kooshan, Carnicer, Artur, Marmiroli, Benedetta, and Moradi, Ali-Reza
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- 2024
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5. Implication of the double-gating mode in hybrid photon counting detector for measurements of transient heat conduction in GaAs/AlAs superlattice structures
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Naumenko, Denys, Burian, Max, Marmiroli, Benedetta, Haider, Richard, Radeticchio, Andrea, Wagner, Lucas, Piazza, Luca, Glatt, Lisa, Brandstetter, Stefan, Zilio, Simone Dal, Biasiol, Giorgio, and Amenitsch, Heinz
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Physics - Applied Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Understanding and control of thermal transport in solids at nanoscale is crucial to engineer and to enhance properties of a new generation of optoelectronic, thermoelectric, and photonic devices. In this regard, semiconductor superlattice structures provide a unique platform to study phenomena associated with phonon propagations in solids such as heat conduction. Transient X-ray diffraction can directly probe atomic motions and therefore is among the rare techniques sensitive to phonon dynamics in a condensed matter. Here, we study optically induced transient heat conduction in GaAs/AlAs superlattice structures using EIGER2 detector. Benchmark experiments have been performed at the Austrian SAXS beamline at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste that operated in the hybrid filling mode. We demonstrate that drifts of experimental conditions, such as synchrotron beam fluctuations, become less essential when utilizing EIGER2 double gating mode that results in a faster acquisition of high quality data and facilitates data analysis and data interpretation., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
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- 2023
6. Building a risk matrix for the safety assessment of wood derived biochars
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Marmiroli, Marta, Caldara, Marina, Pantalone, Serena, Malcevschi, Alessio, Maestri, Elena, Keller, Arturo A, and Marmiroli, Nelson
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Environmental Sciences ,Environmental Management ,Biomass ,Charcoal ,Soil ,Wood ,Biochar risk assessment ,Gasification temperature ,Chemical-physical tests ,Mutagenic assay ,Phytotoxicity - Abstract
Biochar is recognized as an efficient amendment and soil improver. However, environmental and quality assessments are needed to ensure the sustainability of its use in agriculture. This work considers the biochar's chemical-physical characterization and its potential phyto- and geno-toxicity, assessed with germination and Ames tests, obtaining valuable information for a safe field application. Three biochar types, obtained from gasification at different temperatures of green biomasses from the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines (in Italy), were compared through a broad chemical, physical and biological evaluation. The results obtained showed the relevance of temperature in determining the chemical and morphological properties of biochar, which was shown with several analytical techniques such as the elemental composition, water holding capacity, ash content, but also with FTIR and X-ray spectroscopies. These techniques showed the presence of different relevant surface aliphatic and aromatic groups. The procedures for evaluating the potential toxicity using seeds germination and Ames genotoxicity assay highlights that biochar does not cause detrimental effects when it enters in contact with soil, micro- and macro-organisms, and plants. The genotoxicity test provided a new highlight in evaluating biochar environmental safety.
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- 2022
7. 3D integral imaging of acoustically trapped objects
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Kooshan Mohsenvand, Artur Carnicer, Benedetta Marmiroli, and Ali-Reza Moradi
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract 3D imaging provides crucial details about the objects and scenes that may not be obtained via 2D imaging methods. However, there are several applications in which the object to be 3D-imaged requires to be immobilized. The integrated digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and optical trapping (OT) system is a useful solution for such a task, but both DHM and OT are mostly suitable for microscopic specimens. Here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge and as an analogy to the DHM-OT system, we introduce integral imaging (InIm) and acoustic trapping (AT) integrated system for 3D imaging of immobilized mesoscopic and macroscopic objects. Post-processing of InIm data enables reconstructing the scene at any arbitrary plane, therefore, it re-focuses any particular depth of the object, which is a curtail task, especially when the object is trapped by AT. We demonstrate the capability of our system by simultaneous trapping and 3D imaging of single and multiple irregularly shaped objects with mm sizes.
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- 2024
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8. Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles from Macroalgae Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria verrucosa
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Marta Marmiroli, Marco Villani, Paolina Scarponi, Silvia Carlo, Luca Pagano, Valentina Sinisi, Laura Lazzarini, Milica Pavlicevic, and Nelson Marmiroli
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green macroalgae ,red macroalgae ,CuO nanoparticles ,bactericidal ,fungicidal ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Macroalgae seaweeds such as Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria verrucosa cause problems on the northern coast of the Italian Adriatic Sea because their overabundance hinders the growth of cultivated clams, Rudatapes philippinarum. This study focused on the green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles from U. lactuca and G. verrucosa. The biosynthesized CuO NPs were successfully characterized using FTIR, XRD, HRTEM/EDX, and zeta potential. Nanoparticles from the two different algae species are essentially identical, with the same physical characteristics and almost the same antimicrobial activities. We have not investigated the cause of this identity, but it seems likely to arise from the reaction of Cu with the same algae metabolites in both species. The study demonstrates that it is possible to obtain useful products from these macroalgae through a green synthesis approach and that they should be considered as not just a cause of environmental and economic damage but also as a potential source of income.
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- 2024
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9. Management of radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients: a real-life survey among 25 Italian radiation oncology centers
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Bergamaschi, Luca, Vincini, Maria Giulia, Zaffaroni, Mattia, Pepa, Matteo, Angelicone, Ilaria, Astone, Antonio, Bergamini, Cristiana, Buonopane, Sergio, Conte, Mario, De Rosa, Nicola, Deantoni, Chiara, Dell’Oca, Italo, Di Gennaro, Davide, Di Muzio, Nadia, Osti, Mattia Falchetto, Federico, Manuela, Ferini, Gianluca, Franzese, Ciro, Gatti, Marco, Grillo, Antonietta, Iorio, Vincenzo, Manzo, Roberto, Marmiroli, Luca, Martin, Giuseppe, Mazzuca, Federica, Molinaro, Maria Angela, Muto, Matteo, Pacelli, Roberto, Pepe, Alfonsina, Perillo, Annarita, Russo, Donatella, Salerno, Francesca, Spadaro, Pietro, Viola, Anna, Iorio, Giuseppe Carlo, Muto, Paolo, Ricardi, Umberto, and Alterio, Daniela
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- 2024
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10. Plant responses to climate change, how global warming may impact on food security: a critical review
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Michela Janni, Elena Maestri, Mariolina Gullì, Marta Marmiroli, and Nelson Marmiroli
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global change ,food security ,global warming ,holistic approach ,omics ,sustainability ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Global agricultural production must double by 2050 to meet the demands of an increasing world human population but this challenge is further exacerbated by climate change. Environmental stress, heat, and drought are key drivers in food security and strongly impacts on crop productivity. Moreover, global warming is threatening the survival of many species including those which we rely on for food production, forcing migration of cultivation areas with further impoverishing of the environment and of the genetic variability of crop species with fall out effects on food security. This review considers the relationship of climatic changes and their bearing on sustainability of natural and agricultural ecosystems, as well as the role of omics-technologies, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics and ionomics. The use of resource saving technologies such as precision agriculture and new fertilization technologies are discussed with a focus on their use in breeding plants with higher tolerance and adaptability and as mitigation tools for global warming and climate changes. Nevertheless, plants are exposed to multiple stresses. This study lays the basis for the proposition of a novel research paradigm which is referred to a holistic approach and that went beyond the exclusive concept of crop yield, but that included sustainability, socio-economic impacts of production, commercialization, and agroecosystem management.
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- 2024
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11. Real-Time PCR (qtPCR) to Discover the Fate of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Agricultural Soils
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Ilenia Iosa, Caterina Agrimonti, and Nelson Marmiroli
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microbial consortia (MC) ,plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ,real-time PCR (qtPCR) ,traceability ,biostimulants ,sustainable agriculture ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
To optimize the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in field trials, tracking methods are needed to assess their shelf life and to determine the elements affecting their effectiveness and their interactions with plants and native soil microbiota. This work developed a real-time PCR (qtPCR) method which traces and quantifies bacteria when added as microbial consortia, including five PGPR species: Burkholderia ambifaria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Rahnella aquatilis. Through a literature search and in silico sequence analyses, a set of primer pairs which selectively tag three bacterial species (B. ambifaria, B. amyloliquefaciens and R. aquatilis) was retrieved. The primers were used to trace these microbial species in a field trial in which the consortium was tested as a biostimulant on two wheat varieties, in combination with biochar and the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus intraradices. The qtPCR assay demonstrated that the targeted bacteria had colonized and grown into the soil, reaching a maximum of growth between 15 and 20 days after inoculum. The results also showed biochar had a positive effect on PGPR growth. In conclusion, qtPCR was once more an effective method to trace the fate of supplied bacterial species in the consortium when used as a cargo system for their delivery.
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- 2024
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12. Multi-analytical techniques to study changes in carbon and nitrogen forms in a tomato-cultivated soil treated with biochar and biostimulants
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Ivano Vassura, Daniele Fabbri, Alessandro G. Rombolà, Beatrice Rizzi, Arianna Menichetti, Sandro Cornali, Luca Pagano, Roberto Reggiani, Maria R. Vecchi, and Nelson Marmiroli
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Soil carbon sequestration ,Microorganisms ,Leaching column ,Molecular spectroscopy ,Biofertilizer ,Dissolved organic carbon ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Agro-environmental applications of biochar and biochar in combination with biostimulants require a full understanding of the mobility and fate of the carbon and nitrogen fractions in soils. The effects of biochar and biostimulants on forms of nitrogen and carbon in soil during a field-scale incubation were investigated by a multi-analytical approach. This study was conducted on a tomato-cultivated agricultural land treated with low doses of biochar (about 0.1%) and different biostimulants: Micosat F®, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), or a consortium of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus sp., and a nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Consortium B). Forms of carbon and nitrogen and their mobility before, during, and after tomato growth, were studied with different techniques including elemental analysis, adsorption and molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and a column leaching test. Due to the low load of biochar and the short study time, elemental analyses might not be sensitive enough to determine C and N variation in the soil. Based on the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen forms, the treatments with biochar and biostimulants affected the mobility of these elements with an overall decrease at the end of tomato growth. The organic carbon is mainly ascribable to humic and fulvic acids, as indicated by spectroscopic analysis. The leaching column test demonstrated that cumulative leached C is about one order of magnitude lower than the DOC. In addition, simulated rain cycles profoundly affected their leaching, so it is important to design leaching tests based on local and seasonal weather conditions. In short, positive effects were observed in the marketable production of tomato when soil was treated with biochar combined with a mixture of biostimulants.
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- 2023
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13. Surface coating determines the response of soybean plants to cadmium sulfide quantum dots (vol 14C, 100151, 2019)
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Majumdar, Sanghamitra, Ma, Chuanxin, Villani, Marco, Zuverza-Mena, Nubia, Pagano, Luca, Huang, Yuxiong, Zappettini, Andrea, Keller, Arturo A, Marmiroli, Nelson, Dhankher, Om Parkash, and White, Jason C
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- 2021
14. Structure, self-assembly, and properties of a truncated reflectin variant
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Umerani, Mehran J, Pratakshya, Preeta, Chatterjee, Atrouli, Sanchez, Juana A Cerna, Kim, Ho Shin, Ilc, Gregor, Kovačič, Matic, Magnan, Christophe, Marmiroli, Benedetta, Sartori, Barbara, Kwansa, Albert L, Orins, Helen, Bartlett, Andrew W, Leung, Erica M, Feng, Zhijing, Naughton, Kyle L, Norton-Baker, Brenna, Phan, Long, Long, James, Allevato, Alex, Leal-Cruz, Jessica E, Lin, Qiyin, Baldi, Pierre, Bernstorff, Sigrid, Plavec, Janez, Yingling, Yaroslava G, and Gorodetsky, Alon A
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Generic health relevance ,reflectin ,self-assembly ,proteins ,biomaterials ,optical properties - Abstract
Naturally occurring and recombinant protein-based materials are frequently employed for the study of fundamental biological processes and are often leveraged for applications in areas as diverse as electronics, optics, bioengineering, medicine, and even fashion. Within this context, unique structural proteins known as reflectins have recently attracted substantial attention due to their key roles in the fascinating color-changing capabilities of cephalopods and their technological potential as biophotonic and bioelectronic materials. However, progress toward understanding reflectins has been hindered by their atypical aromatic and charged residue-enriched sequences, extreme sensitivities to subtle changes in environmental conditions, and well-known propensities for aggregation. Herein, we elucidate the structure of a reflectin variant at the molecular level, demonstrate a straightforward mechanical agitation-based methodology for controlling this variant's hierarchical assembly, and establish a direct correlation between the protein's structural characteristics and intrinsic optical properties. Altogether, our findings address multiple challenges associated with the development of reflectins as materials, furnish molecular-level insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of cephalopod skin cells' color-changing functionalities, and may inform new research directions across biochemistry, cellular biology, bioengineering, and optics.
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- 2020
15. Shaping Durum Wheat for the Future: Gene Expression Analyses and Metabolites Profiling Support the Contribution of BCAT Genes to Drought Stress Response
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Buffagni, Valentina, Vurro, Filippo, Janni, Michela, Gullì, Mariolina, Keller, Arturo A, and Marmiroli, Nelson
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Plant Biology ,Agricultural ,Veterinary and Food Sciences ,Crop and Pasture Production ,Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,branched-chain aminotransferase ,durum wheat ,drought stress ,gene expression ,target metabolomics ,Crop and pasture production ,Plant biology - Abstract
Global climate change, its implications for agriculture, and the complex scenario presented by the scientific community are of worldwide concern. Drought is a major abiotic stress that can restrict plants growth and yields, thus the identification of genotypes with higher adaptability to drought stress represents one of the primary goals in breeding programs. During abiotic stress, metabolic adaptation is crucial for stress tolerance, and accumulation of specific amino acids and/or as secondary metabolites deriving from amino acid metabolism may correlate with the increased tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. This work, focused on the metabolism of branched chain-amino acids (BCAAs) in durum wheat and the role of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases (BCATs) in stress response. The role of BCATs in plant response to drought was previously proposed for Arabidopsis, where the levels of BCAAs were altered at the transcriptional level under drought conditions, triggering the onset of defense response metabolism. However, in wheat the role of BCAAs as a trigger of the onset of the drought defense response has not been elucidated. A comparative genomic approach elucidated the composition of the BCAT gene family in durum wheat. Here we demonstrate a tissue and developmental stage specificity of BCATs regulation in the drought response. Moreover, a metabolites profiling was performed on two contrasting durum wheat cultivars Colosseo and Cappelli resulting in the detection of a specific pattern of metabolites accumulated among genotypes and, in particular, in an enhanced BCAAs accumulation in the tolerant cv Cappelli further supporting a role of BCAAs in the drought defense response. The results support the use of gene expression and target metabolomic in modern breeding to shape new cultivars more resilient to a changing climate.
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- 2020
16. Laser Ablation and Injection Moulding as Techniques for Producing Micro Channels Compatible with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
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Haider, Richard, Marmiroli, Benedetta, Gavalas, Iakovos, Wolf, Marcell, Matteucci, Marco, Taboryski, Rafael, Boisen, Anja, Stratakis, Emmanuel, and Amenitsch, Heinz
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Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Microfluidic mixing is an important means for in-situ sample preparation and handling while Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) is a proven tool for characterising (macro-)molecular structures. In combination those two techniques enable investigations of fast reactions with high time resolution (<1 ms). The goal of combining a micro mixer with SAXS, however, puts constraints on the materials and production methods used in the device fabrication. The measurement channel of the mixer needs good x-ray transparency and a low scattering background. While both depend on the material used, the requirement for low scattering especially limits the techniques suitable for producing the mixer, as the fabrication process can induce molecular orientations and stresses that can adversely influence the scattering signal. Not only is it important to find a production method that results in a device with low background scattering, but it also has to be versatile enough to produce appropriate mixer designs. Here we discuss two methods - laser ablation of polycarbonate and injection moulding of Topas - which were found suitable for our needs, provided care is taken in aligning the mixing/reaction channel, where the actual measurements will be carried out. We find injection moulding to be the better of the two methods., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, published as part of the MNE2017 proceedings
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- 2018
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17. 34 - Ultrasound analysis of the genital hiatus after spontaneous vaginal delivery: A comparison between mediolateral episiotomy and obstetrics spontaneous tears
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Valentina Ghirotto, David Bosoni, Annachiara Scatigno, Alessandra Marmiroli, Andrea Gritti, Eleonora Birilli, Giacomo Mariacci, Mattia Dominoni, Fulvio Gariboldi, and Carola Bergante
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Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Published
- 2023
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18. Special Issue Physiological and Molecular Responses of Plants to Engineered Nanomaterials
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Marta Marmiroli and Elena Maestri
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n/a ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), by definition materials with a size between 1 and 100 nm, are becoming an important part of the economy and thanks to their many fields of applications, from photovoltaic cells to fertilizers, are increasingly coming into contact with plants and with the environment in general [...]
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- 2024
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19. Accumulation and Release of Cadmium Ions in the Lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. and Wood-Derived Biochar: Implication for the Use of Biochar for Environmental Biomonitoring
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Andrea Vannini, Luca Pagano, Marco Bartoli, Riccardo Fedeli, Alessio Malcevschi, Michele Sidoli, Giacomo Magnani, Daniele Pontiroli, Mauro Riccò, Marta Marmiroli, Alessandro Petraglia, and Stefano Loppi
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biomonitoring ,cadmium accumulation ,cadmium release ,cadmium removal ,cation exchange capacity ,surface area ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Biochar (BC) boasts diverse environmental applications. However, its potential for environmental biomonitoring has, surprisingly, remained largely unexplored. This study presents a preliminary analysis of BC’s potential as a biomonitor for the environmental availability of ionic Cd, utilizing the lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. as a reference organism. For this purpose, the lichen E. prunastri and two types of wood-derived biochar, biochar 1 (BC1) and biochar 2 (BC2), obtained from two anonymous producers, were investigated for their ability to accumulate, or sequester and subsequently release, Cd when exposed to Cd-depleted conditions. Samples of lichen and biochar (fractions between 2 and 4 mm) were soaked for 1 h in a solution containing deionized water (control), 10 µM, and 100 µM Cd2+ (accumulation phase). Then, 50% of the treated samples were soaked for 24 h in deionized water (depuration phase). The lichen showed a very good ability to adsorb ionic Cd, higher than the two biochar samples (more than 46.5%), and a weak ability to release the metal (ca. 6%). As compared to the lichen, BC2 showed a lower capacity for Cd accumulation (−48%) and release (ca. 3%). BC1, on the other hand, showed a slightly higher Cd accumulation capacity than BC2 (+3.6%), but a release capacity similar to that of the lichen (ca. 5%). The surface area and the cation exchange capacity of the organism and the tested materials seem to play a key role in their ability to accumulate and sequester Cd, respectively. This study suggests the potential use of BC as a (bio)monitor for the presence of PTEs in atmospheric depositions and, perhaps, water bodies.
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- 2024
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20. Surface coating determines the response of soybean plants to cadmium sulfide quantum dots
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Majumdar, Sanghamitra, Ma, Chuanxin, Villani, Marco, Zuverza-Mena, Nubia, Pagano, Luca, Huang, Yuxiong, Zappettini, Andrea, Keller, Arturo A, Marmiroli, Nelson, Dhankher, Om Parkash, and White, Jason C
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Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,Quantum dots ,Soybean ,Surface coating ,Oxidative stress ,Localization ,Lignification - Published
- 2019
21. Life cycle assessment of Italian electricity production and comparison with the European context
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Maria Leonor Carvalho, Benedetta Marmiroli, and Pierpaolo Girardi
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Electricity mix ,Electricity production ,Energy scenario ,European energy production ,Life Cycle Assessment ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the Life Cycle of the current electricity mix (2018, considering Eurostat data) and future (2030, considering European reference scenario) of some European Union member states (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain), to be compared with the results obtained for the Italian case.The major efforts by the European Commission have been in containing climate-altering emissions: this has been seen in the policies that the different countries considered have adopted. According to the 2030 scenarios, there is an average reduction of 42% in the impacts on Climate change, the best result after acidification (impact category closely linked to the first). Only one country does not show a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: Belgium. In this country, the end of nuclear power and the increase of imports and gas causes an increase in emissions by 2030.The reduction of Climate change emissions has gone to the detriment of another impact category, the consumption of resources (mineral, fossil and renewable), which has seen an increase in precisely those countries that have reduced CO2 emissions the most: Spain, France and Portugal.
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- 2022
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22. Editorial: Polymeric nanoparticles for sustainable plant agriculture and food industry
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Mariya Khodakovskaya and Marta Marmiroli
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green nanoscience ,natural nanopolymers ,plant agriculture ,sustainability ,biocompatibility ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Published
- 2023
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23. Potential ability of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to phytomanage an urban brownfield soil
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Di Lodovico, Eliana, Marchand, Lilian, Oustrière, Nadège, Burges, Aritz, Capdeville, Gaelle, Burlett, Régis, Delzon, Sylvain, Isaure, Marie-Pierre, Marmiroli, Marta, and Mench, Michel J.
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- 2022
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24. Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots, Mitochondrial Function and Environmental Stress: A Mechanistic Reconstruction through In Vivo Cellular Approaches in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Marta Marmiroli, Giovanni Birarda, Valentina Gallo, Marco Villani, Andrea Zappettini, Lisa Vaccari, Nelson Marmiroli, and Luca Pagano
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mitochondrial function ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,mechanisms ,cadmium sulfide quantum dots ,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) ,deletion mutants ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Research on the effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) on mitochondria, which represent one of the main actors in cell function, highlighted effects on ROS production, gametogenesis and organellar genome replication. Specifically, the mitochondrial effects of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) exposure can be observed through the variation in enzymatic kinetics at the level of the respiratory chain and also by analyzing modifications of reagent and products in term of the bonds created and disrupted during the reactions through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This study investigated both in intact cells and in isolated mitochondria to observe the response to CdS QDs treatment at the level of electron transport chain in the wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in the deletion mutant Δtom5, whose function is implicated in nucleo–mitochondrial protein trafficking. The changes observed in wild type and Δtom5 strains in terms of an increase or decrease in enzymatic activity (ranging between 1 and 2 folds) also differed according to the genetic background of the strains and the respiratory chain functionality during the CdS QDs treatment performed. Results were confirmed by FTIR, where a clear difference between the QD effects in the wild type and in the mutant strain, Δtom5, was observed. The utilization of these genetic and biochemical approaches is instrumental to clarify the mitochondrial mechanisms implicated in response to these types of ENMs and to the stress response that follows the exposure.
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- 2023
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25. Identifying MicroRNAs Suitable for Detection of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Discovery Phases Studies on MicroRNA Expression Profiles
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Lisa Padroni, Laura De Marco, Valentina Fiano, Lorenzo Milani, Giorgia Marmiroli, Maria Teresa Giraudo, Alessandra Macciotta, Fulvio Ricceri, and Carlotta Sacerdote
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breast cancer ,microRNA ,miRNA ,serum ,plasma ,high throughput techniques ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The analysis of circulating tumor cells and tumor-derived materials, such as circulating tumor DNA, circulating miRNAs (cfmiRNAs), and extracellular vehicles provides crucial information in cancer research. CfmiRNAs, a group of short noncoding regulatory RNAs, have gained attention as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This review focuses on the discovery phases of cfmiRNA studies in breast cancer patients, aiming to identify altered cfmiRNA levels compared to healthy controls. A systematic literature search was conducted, resulting in 16 eligible publications. The studies included a total of 585 breast cancer cases and 496 healthy controls, with diverse sample types and different cfmiRNA assay panels. Several cfmiRNAs, including MIR16, MIR191, MIR484, MIR106a, and MIR193b, showed differential expressions between breast cancer cases and healthy controls. However, the studies had a high risk of bias and lacked standardized protocols. The findings highlight the need for robust study designs, standardized procedures, and larger sample sizes in discovery phase studies. Furthermore, the identified cfmiRNAs can serve as potential candidates for further validation studies in different populations. Improving the design and implementation of cfmiRNA research in liquid biopsies may enhance their clinical diagnostic utility in breast cancer patients.
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- 2023
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26. Data on the interaction of hyperaccumulating plants with nanoscale metals Zn and Cd
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Davide Imperiale, Giacomo Lencioni, Marta Marmiroli, Laura Paesano, Andrea Zappettini, Jason C. White, and Nelson Marmiroli
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ENMs ,Uptake and translocation ,Hyperaccumulation ,A. halleri ,N. caerulescens ,TEM/ESEM ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
The article describes: growth phenotypes of the four plant species (Noccaea caerulescens, Thlaspi perfoliatum, Arabidopsis halleri, Arabidopsis thaliana) before and after the treatment with ionic and nanoscale Zn and Cd (Fig. 1); the method of synthesis and characterization of ZnS QDs and CdS QDs (Fig. 2); the genetic characterization (performed with molecular markers) of the four plant species, their relative genecological relation (Fig. 3); a conceptual workflow designed to detect the amount of ionic Zn and Cd in the original solution/suspension used for the treatment (Fig. 4); the determination of Zn and Cd in the treatment soils after 30 days from supplement of ionic and nanoscale Zn and Cd (Fig. 5); the effect of the treatment on root elongation (Fig. 6); a workflow of a novel analytical method designed to detect the ionic and nanoscale Zn and Cd in the plant tissues after digestion with three different methods (Fig. 7); a reconstruction experiments with an exsiccated powder of plant tissue spiked with the same amount of Zn in the ionic and nanoscale forms (Fig. 8); a TEM-EDX analysis on these powdered plant tissues after removal of all soluble (ionic) Zn to show the presence of Zn in a non soluble form (nanoscale) (Fig. 9); the calculation of Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) and their ratios (Table 1); all data of the “spiking” experiments (Tables 2 and 3).
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- 2022
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27. Life Cycle Assessment in mineral processing – a review of the role of flotation
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Marmiroli, Benedetta, Rigamonti, Lucia, and Brito-Parada, Pablo R.
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- 2022
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28. Cannabinoids: an Effective Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity?
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Cavaletti, Guido, Marmiroli, Paola, Renn, Cynthia L., Dorsey, Susan G., Serra, Maria Pina, Quartu, Marina, and Meregalli, Cristina
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- 2021
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29. Role of Mouse Organic Cation Transporter 2 for Nephro- and Peripheral Neurotoxicity Induced by Chemotherapeutic Treatment with Cisplatin
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Anna Hucke, Rita Schröter, Cecilia Ceresa, Alessia Chiorazzi, Annalisa Canta, Sara Semperboni, Paola Marmiroli, Guido Cavaletti, Burkhard Gess, and Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Subjects
transporters ,cisplatin ,toxicity ,kidneys ,dorsal root ganglia ,peripheral neurotoxicity ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent broadly used to treat solid cancers. Chemotherapy with CDDP can cause significant unwanted side effects such as renal toxicity and peripheral neurotoxicity. CDDP is a substrate of organic cation transporters (OCT), transporters that are highly expressed in renal tissue. Therefore, CDDP uptake by OCT may play a role in causing unwanted toxicities of CDDP anticancer treatment. In this study, the contribution of the mouse OCT2 (mOCT2) to CDDP nephro- and peripheral neurotoxicity was investigated by comparing the effects of cyclic treatment with low doses of CDDP on renal and neurological functions in wild-type (WT) mice and mice with genetic deletion of OCT2 (OCT2−/− mice). This CDDP treatment protocol caused significant impairment of kidneys and peripherical neurological functions in WT mice. These effects were significantly reduced in OCT2−/− mice, however, less profoundly than what was previously measured in mice with genetic deletion of both OCT1 and 2 (OCT1-2−/− mice). Comparing the apparent affinities (IC50) of mOCT1 and mOCT2 for CDDP, the mOCT1 displayed a higher affinity for CDDP than the mOCT2 (IC50: 9 and 558 µM, respectively). Also, cellular toxicity induced by incubation with 100 µM CDDP was more pronounced in cells stably expressing mOCT1 than in cells expressing mOCT2. Therefore, in mice, CDDP uptake by both OCT1 and 2 contributes to the development of CDDP undesired side effects. OCT seem to be suitable targets for establishing treatment protocols aimed at decreasing unwanted CDDP toxicity and improving anticancer treatment with CDDP.
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
30. A KDM4A-PAF1-mediated epigenomic network is essential for acute myeloid leukemia cell self-renewal and survival
- Author
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Matthew E. Massett, Laura Monaghan, Shaun Patterson, Niamh Mannion, Roderick P. Bunschoten, Alex Hoose, Sandra Marmiroli, Robert M. J. Liskamp, Heather G. Jørgensen, David Vetrie, Alison M. Michie, and Xu Huang
- Subjects
Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract Epigenomic dysregulation is a common pathological feature in human hematological malignancies. H3K9me3 emerges as an important epigenomic marker in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Its associated methyltransferases, such as SETDB1, suppress AML leukemogenesis, whilst H3K9me3 demethylases KDM4C is required for mixed-lineage leukemia rearranged AML. However, the specific role and molecular mechanism of action of another member of the KDM4 family, KDM4A has not previously been clearly defined. In this study, we delineated and functionally validated the epigenomic network regulated by KDM4A. We show that selective loss of KDM4A is sufficient to induce apoptosis in a broad spectrum of human AML cells. This detrimental phenotype results from a global accumulation of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 at KDM4A targeted genomic loci thereby causing downregulation of a KDM4A-PAF1 controlled transcriptional program essential for leukemogenesis, distinct from that of KDM4C. From this regulatory network, we further extracted a KDM4A-9 gene signature enriched with leukemia stem cell activity; the KDM4A-9 score alone or in combination with the known LSC17 score, effectively stratifies high-risk AML patients. Together, these results establish the essential and unique role of KDM4A for AML self-renewal and survival, supporting further investigation of KDM4A and its targets as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in AML.
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
31. Combination of Biochemical, Molecular, and Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Techniques to Study the Effects of Silicon in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
- Author
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Marta Marmiroli, Francesca Mussi, Valentina Gallo, Alessandra Gianoncelli, William Hartley, and Nelson Marmiroli
- Subjects
tomato ,silicon ,elemental imaging ,physiological analyses ,chemical analyses ,molecular analyses ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The work focused on the analysis of two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Aragon and Gladis, under two different treatments of silicon, Low, 2 L of 0.1 mM CaSiO3, and High, 0.5 mM CaSiO3, weekly, for 8 weeks, under stress-free conditions. We subsequently analyzed the morphology, chemical composition, and elemental distribution using synchrotron-based µ-XRF techniques, physiological, and molecular aspects of the response of the two cultivars. The scope of the study was to highlight any significant response of the plants to the Si treatments, in comparison with any response to Si of plants under stress. The results demonstrated that the response was mainly cultivar-dependent, also at the level of mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress, and that it did not differ from the two conditions of treatments. With Si deposited mainly in the cell walls of the cells of fruits, leaves, and roots, the treatments did not elicit many significant changes from the point of view of the total elemental content, the physiological parameters that measured the oxidative stress, and the transcriptomic analyses focalized on genes related to the response to Si. We observed a priming effect of the treatment on the most responsive cultivar, Aragon, in respect to future stress, while in Gladis the Si treatment did not significantly change the measured parameters.
- Published
- 2022
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32. Engineered Nanoparticles, Natural Nanoclay and Biochar, as Carriers of Plant-Growth Promoting Bacteria
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Milica Pavlicevic, Wael Abdelraheem, Nubia Zuverza-Mena, Tana O’Keefe, Salma Mukhtar, Gale Ridge, John Ranciato, Christy Haynes, Wade Elmer, Joseph Pignatello, Luca Pagano, Marina Caldara, Marta Marmiroli, Elena Maestri, Nelson Marmiroli, and Jason C. White
- Subjects
nanoclay ,mesoporous silica ,biochar ,PGPR ,nitrogen ,phosphorus ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The potential of biochar and nanoparticles to serve as effective delivery agents for beneficial bacteria to crops was investigated. Application of nanoparticles and biochar as carriers for beneficial bacteria improved not only the amount of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria in soil, but also improved chlorophyll content (1.2–1.3 times), cell viability (1.1–1.5 times), and antioxidative properties (1.1–1.4 times) compared to control plants. Treatments also improved content of phosphorus (P) (1.1–1.6 times) and nitrogen (N) (1.1–1.4 times higher) in both tomato and watermelon plants. However, the effect of biochars and nanoparticles were species-specific. For example, chitosan-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with adsorbed bacteria increased the phosphorus content in tomato by 1.2 times compared to a 1.1-fold increase when nanoclay with adsorbed bacteria was applied. In watermelon, the situation was reversed: 1.1-fold increase in the case of chitosan-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles and 1.2 times in case of nanoclay with adsorbed bacteria. Our findings demonstrate that use of nanoparticles and biochar as carriers for beneficial bacteria significantly improved plant growth and health. These findings are useful for design and synthesis of novel and sustainable biofertilizer formulations.
- Published
- 2022
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33. Protein Analysis of A. halleri and N. caerulescens Hyperaccumulators When Exposed to Nano and Ionic Forms of Cd and Zn
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Valentina Gallo, Valentina M. Serianni, Davide Imperiale, Andrea Zappettini, Marco Villani, Marta Marmiroli, and Nelson Marmiroli
- Subjects
proteomics ,2D SDS-PAGE ,nanoscale and ionic metals ,quantum dots ,hyperaccumulator ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Hyperaccumulator plant species growing on metal-rich soils can accumulate high quantity of metals and metalloids in aerial tissues, and several proteomic studies on the molecular mechanisms at the basis of metals resistance and hyperaccumulation have been published. Hyperaccumulator are also at the basis of the phytoremediation strategy to remove metals more efficiently from polluted soils or water. Arabidopsis halleri and Noccea caerulescens are both hyperaccumulators of metals and nano-metals. In this study, the change in some proteins in A. halleri and N. caerulescens was assessed after the growth in soil with cadmium and zinc, provided as sulphate salts (CdSO4 and ZnSO4) or sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs and ZnS QDs). The protein extracts obtained from plants after 30 days of growth were analyzed by 2D-gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE) and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. A bioinformatics analysis was carried out on quantitative protein differences between control and treated plants. In total, 43 proteins resulted in being significatively modulated in A. halleri, while 61 resulted in being modulated in N. caerulescens. Although these two plants are hyperaccumulator of both metals and nano-metals, at protein levels the mechanisms involved do not proceed in the same way, but at the end bring a similar physiological result.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
34. Translation of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neurotoxicity from mice to patients: the importance of model selection
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Cavaletti, G, Alberti, P, Canta, A, Carozzi, V, Cherchi, L, Chiorazzi, A, Crippa, L, Marmiroli, P, Meregalli, C, Pozzi, E, Rodriguez-Menendez, V, Steinkühler, C, Licandro, S, Cavaletti, Guido, Alberti, Paola, Canta, Annalisa, Carozzi, Valentina, Cherchi, Laura, Chiorazzi, Alessia, Crippa, Luca, Marmiroli, Paola, Meregalli, Cristina, Pozzi, Eleonora, Rodriguez-Menendez, Virginia, Steinkühler, Christian, Licandro, Simonetta Andrea, Cavaletti, G, Alberti, P, Canta, A, Carozzi, V, Cherchi, L, Chiorazzi, A, Crippa, L, Marmiroli, P, Meregalli, C, Pozzi, E, Rodriguez-Menendez, V, Steinkühler, C, Licandro, S, Cavaletti, Guido, Alberti, Paola, Canta, Annalisa, Carozzi, Valentina, Cherchi, Laura, Chiorazzi, Alessia, Crippa, Luca, Marmiroli, Paola, Meregalli, Cristina, Pozzi, Eleonora, Rodriguez-Menendez, Virginia, Steinkühler, Christian, and Licandro, Simonetta Andrea
- Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (PIPN) is a potentially dose-limiting side effect in anticancer chemotherapy. Several animal models of PIPN exist, but their results are sometimes difficult to be translated into the clinical setting. We compared 2 widely used PIPN models characterized by marked differences in their methodologies. Female C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice were used, and they received only paclitaxel vehicle (n = 38) or paclitaxel via intravenous injection (n = 19, 70 mg/kg) once a week for 4 weeks (Study 1) or intraperitoneally (n = 19, 10 mg/kg) every 2 days for 7 times (Study 2). At the end of treatment and in the follow-up, mice underwent behavioral and neurophysiological assessments of PIPN. At the same time points, some mice were killed and dorsal root ganglia, skin, and sciatic and caudal nerve samples underwent pathological examination. Serum neurofilament light levels were also measured. The differences in the neurotoxicity parameters were analyzed using a nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, with significance level set at P < 0.05. Study 1 showed significant and consistent behavioral, neurophysiological, pathological, and serological changes induced by paclitaxel administration at the end of treatment, and most of these changes were still evident in the follow-up period. By contrast, study 2 evidenced only a transient small fiber neuropathy, associated with neuropathic pain. Our comparative study clearly distinguished a PIPN model recapitulating all the clinical features of the human condition and a model showing only small fiber neuropathy with neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel.
- Published
- 2024
35. X-Ray Lithography for Nanofabrication: Is There a Future?
- Author
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Amardeep Bharti, Alessio Turchet, and Benedetta Marmiroli
- Subjects
x-ray lithography ,nanopatterning ,x-ray interference lithography ,radiation assisted materials synthesis and processing ,nanofabriaction ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
X-ray lithography has been first proposed almost 50 years ago, and the related LIGA process around 25 years ago. It is therefore a good time to make an analysis of the technique, with its pros and cons. In this perspective article, we describe X-ray lithography’s latest advancements. First, we report the improvement in the fabrication of the high aspect ratio and high-resolution micro/nanostructures. Then, we present the radiation-assisted synthesis and processing of novel materials for the next generation of functional devices. We finally draw our conclusion on the future prospects of the technique.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
36. Direct X-ray and electron-beam lithography of halogenated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
- Author
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Tu, Min, Xia, Benzheng, Kravchenko, Dmitry E., Tietze, Max Lutz, Cruz, Alexander John, Stassen, Ivo, Hauffman, Tom, Teyssandier, Joan, De Feyter, Steven, Wang, Zheng, Fischer, Roland A., Marmiroli, Benedetta, Amenitsch, Heinz, Torvisco, Ana, Velásquez-Hernández, Miriam de J., Falcaro, Paolo, and Ameloot, Rob
- Published
- 2021
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37. Phase structure of $\mathcal{N}=2^*$ SYM on ellipsoids
- Author
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Marmiroli, Daniele
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We analyse the phase structure of an $\mathcal{N}=2$ massive deformation of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theory on an four-dimensional ellipsoid using recent results on supersymmetric localisation. Besides the 't~Hooft coupling $\lambda$, the relevant parameters appearing in the theory and discriminating between the different phases are the hypermultiplet mass $M$ and the deformation (or squashing) parameter $Q$. The master field approximation of the matrix model associated to the analytically continued theory in the regime $Q\sim 2M$ and on the compact space, is exactly solvable and does not display any phase transition, similarly to $\mathcal{N}=2$ $SU(N)$ SYM with $2N$ massive hypermultiplets. In the strong coupling limit, equivalent in our settings to the decompactification of the four-dimensional ellipsoid, we find evidence that the theory undergoes an infinite number of phase transitions starting at finite coupling and accumulating at $\lambda=\infty$. Quite interestingly, the threshold points at which transitions occur can be pushed towards the weak coupling region by letting $Q$ approach $2M$., Comment: 41 pages
- Published
- 2014
38. Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots Adversely Affect Gametogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Author
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Riccardo Rossi, Roberta Ruotolo, Giuseppe De Giorgio, Marta Marmiroli, Marco Villani, Andrea Zappettini, and Nelson Marmiroli
- Subjects
nanoparticles ,quantum dots ,nanomaterial toxicity ,sporulation ,gametogenesis ,risk assessment ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In the last decades, nanotechnology-based tools have attracted attention in the scientific community, due to their potential applications in different areas from medicine to engineering, but several toxicological effects mediated by these advanced materials have been shown on the environment and human health. At present, the effects of engineered nanomaterials on gametogenesis have not yet been well understood. In the present study, we addressed this issue using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model eukaryote to evaluate the effects of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) on sporulation, a process equivalent to gametogenesis in higher organisms. We have observed that CdS QDs cause a strong inhibition of spore development with the formation of aberrant, multinucleated cells. In line with these observations, treatment with CdS QDs down-regulates genes encoding crucial regulators of sporulation process, in particular, the transcription factor Ndt80 that coordinates different genes involved in progression through the meiosis and spore morphogenesis. Down-regulation of NDT80 mediated by CdS QDs causes a block of the meiotic cell cycle and a return to mitosis, leading to the formation of aberrant, multinucleated cells. These results indicate that CdS QDs inhibit gametogenesis in an irreversible manner, with adverse effects on cell-cycle progression.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
39. Nanomaterials Induced Genotoxicity in Plant: Methods and Strategies
- Author
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Marta Marmiroli, Nelson Marmiroli, and Luca Pagano
- Subjects
nanomaterials ,plant genotoxicity ,methods ,biomarkers ,organelles ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In recent years, plant-nanomaterial interactions have been studied, highlighting their effects at physiological and molecular levels. Transcriptomics and proteomics studies have shown pathways and targets of nanomaterial exposure and plant response, with particular regard to abiotic stress and oxidative stress. Only little information has been reported on engineered nanomaterial (ENMs) interactions with plant genetic material, both at a genomic and organellar DNAs level. Plants can be useful experimental material, considering they both contain chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs and several plant genomes have been completely sequenced (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycoperiscum, Allium cepa, Zea mays, etc.). In this mini review, the methods and the evidence reported in the present literature concerning the level of genotoxicity induced by ENMs exposure have been considered. Consolidated and potential strategies, which can be applied to assess the nanomaterial genotoxicity in plants, are reviewed.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Notes on BPS Wilson Loops and the Cusp Anomalous Dimension in ABJM theory
- Author
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Marmiroli, Daniele
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We introduce a new purely bosonic, $\frac{1}{6}$ BPS Wilson loop for ABJM theory on $S^3$ that couples scalar fields to a latitude at an angle $\theta$ on $S^2\in\mathbb{C}P^3$. Through localization of this operator, we relate the expansion of the cusp anomalous dimension at small cusp angles to the logarithmic derivative of the ABJM Wilson loop. This defines, non-perturbatively in the 't Hooft coupling, the bremsstrahlung function $B(\lambda)$ describing in three dimensions the soft radiation of a $W$-boson undergoing a sudden change in trajectory. We compare our results for $B(\lambda)$ to the known weak/strong coupling expansions of the function $h(\lambda)$ that enters integrability. At weak coupling we precisely match the previously known two-loop result. At strong coupling we find agreement at leading order in $\sqrt{\lambda}$, but a mismatch of the constant coefficient. We comment on the striking similarity that we observe between these two, in principle, unrelated functions., Comment: 31 pages
- Published
- 2013
41. Clinical implication in the use of the AAA algorithm versus the AXB in nasopharyngeal carcinomas by comparison of TCP and NTCP values
- Author
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Antonella Bufacchi, Orietta Caspiani, Giulia Rambaldi, Luca Marmiroli, Giuseppe Giovinazzo, and Mattia Polsoni
- Subjects
Dose volume histogram ,Tumor control probability ,Normal tissue complication probability ,Anisotropic analytical algorithm ,Acuros XB algorithm ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose Retrospective analysis of volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment plans to investigate qualitative, possible, clinical consequences of the use of AAA versus AXB in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cases. Methods The dose distribution of 26 treatment plans, produced using RapidArc technique and AAA algorithm, were recalculated using AXB and the same number of monitor units provided by AAA and clinically delivered to each patient. The potential clinical effect of dosimetric differences in the planning target volume (PTV) and in organs at risk (OAR) were evaluated by comparing TCP and NTCP values. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for statistical comparison of all results obtained from the use of the two algorithms. Results The poorer coverage of the PTV, with higher prescribed dose, was reflected in the TCP, which was significantly lower when AXB was used, the median value was 81.55% (range: 74.90, 88.60%) and 84.10% (range: 77.70, 89.90%) for AAA (p
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
42. Morpho-Functional Characterisation of the Rat Ventral Caudal Nerve in a Model of Axonal Peripheral Neuropathy
- Author
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Eleonora Pozzi, Laura Monza, Elisa Ballarini, Mario Bossi, Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez, Annalisa Canta, Alessia Chiorazzi, Valentina Alda Carozzi, Luca Crippa, Paola Marmiroli, Guido Cavaletti, and Paola Alberti
- Subjects
caudal nerve ,anatomy ,morphology ,light microscopy ,electron microscopy ,nerve conduction studies ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Peripheral Neuropathies (PN) are common conditions whose treatment is still lacking in most cases. Animal models are crucial, but experimental procedures should be refined in some cases. We performed a detailed characterization of the ventral caudal nerve to contribute to a more effective assessment of axonal damage in future PN studies. PN was induced via weekly systemic injection of a neurotoxic drug (paclitaxel); we compared the control and PN-affected rats, performing serial neurophysiological evaluations of the caudal nerve for its entire length. On the same nerve portions, we performed light microscopy and ultrastructural pathological observations to assess the severity of damage and verify the integrity of the surrounding structures. Neurophysiological and morphological analyses confirmed that a severe axonopathy had ensued in the PN group, with a length-dependent modality, matching morphological observations. The site of neurophysiological recording (e.g., distance from the base of the tail) was critical for achieving useful data. A flexible experimental paradigm should be considered in animal studies investigating axonal PN, particularly if the expected severity is relevant; the mid-portion of the tail might be the most appropriate site: there damage might be remarkable but neither as extreme as at the tip of the tail nor as mild as at the base of the tail.
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
43. Tailoring Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Nanosystems by Synchrotron Small Angle X-ray Scattering
- Author
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Barbara Sartori and Benedetta Marmiroli
- Subjects
lipid nanoparticles ,drug delivery ,SAXS ,structural analysis ,external stimuli response ,in situ ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Thanks to specific physico-chemical properties, drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles have proven to effectively transport delicate molecules for therapeutic purposes, protecting them from degradation, increasing their stability in the blood circulation and allowing to convey and release the transported substances in specific areas of the body. Nanoparticles obtained from biopolymers for applications in medicine and pharmaceutics have become particularly popular in recent years due to the enormous research effort in the field of vaccines to respond to the pandemic emergency. Among the various types of biopolymers used to produce nanoparticles for therapeutics, lipids have characteristics that make them biocompatible, with low toxicity and ease of clearance. They can be synthesized by designing their characteristics according to the foreseen administration path, or to the target of the transported drug. The analytical methods mostly used to evaluate the characteristics of lipid nanosytems for drug delivery involve studying their effects on cells, in vitro and in vivo. Although it is often considered a “niche technique“ for research in the bio-related sciences, Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a versatile tool to study the structure of nanosystems based on lipids, both ex situ and in situ. Therefore, it allows to evaluate both the effect of the different synthesis parameters and of the exposure of lipid nanoparticles to physiological conditions, which is of fundamental importance to design efficient drug delivery systems. In this mini-review, we will report some recent examples of characterization and design of nanoparticles based on lipids, where SAXS has been a fundamental step both to guide the synthesis of nanomaterials with tailored characteristics, and to understand the interaction between nanomaterials and cells.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Multimodal Comparison of Diabetic Neuropathy in Aged Streptozotocin-Treated Sprague–Dawley and Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
- Author
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Annalisa Canta, Valentina A. Carozzi, Alessia Chiorazzi, Cristina Meregalli, Norberto Oggioni, Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez, Barbara Sala, Roberto Cosimo Melcangi, Silvia Giatti, Raffaella Lombardi, Roberto Bianchi, Paola Marmiroli, and Guido Cavaletti
- Subjects
experimental diabetes ,peripheral neuropathy ,streptozotocin ,Zucker rats ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The development and progression of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are due to multiple mechanisms. The creation of reliable animal models of DPN has been challenging and this issue has not yet been solved. However, despite some recognized differences from humans, most of the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of DPN relies on results achieved using rodent animal models. The simplest experimental DPN model reproduces type 1 diabetes, induced by massive chemical destruction of pancreatic beta cells with streptozotocin (STZ). Spontaneous/transgenic models of diabetes are less frequently used, mostly because they are less predictable in clinical course, more expensive, and require a variable time to achieve homogeneous metabolic conditions. Among them, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats represent a typical type 2 diabetes model. Both STZ-induced and ZDF rats have been extensively used, but only very few studies have compared the long-term similarities and differences existing between these two models. Moreover, inconsistencies have been reported regarding several aspects of short-term in vivo studies using these models. In this study, we compared the long-term course of DPN in STZ-treated Sprague–Dawley and ZDF rats with a multimodal set of readout measures.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Neurofilament light chain: a specific serum biomarker of axonal damage severity in rat models of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity
- Author
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Meregalli, Cristina, Fumagalli, Giulia, Alberti, Paola, Canta, Annalisa, Chiorazzi, Alessia, Monza, Laura, Pozzi, Eleonora, Carozzi, Valentina Alda, Blennow, Kaj, Zetterberg, Henrik, Cavaletti, Guido, and Marmiroli, Paola
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Role of Mouse Organic Cation Transporter 2 for Nephro- and Peripheral Neurotoxicity Induced by Chemotherapeutic Treatment with Cisplatin
- Author
-
Hucke, A, Schröter, R, Ceresa, C, Chiorazzi, A, Canta, A, Semperboni, S, Marmiroli, P, Cavaletti, G, Gess, B, Ciarimboli, G, Hucke A., Schröter R., Ceresa C., Chiorazzi A., Canta A., Semperboni S., Marmiroli P., Cavaletti G., Gess B., Ciarimboli G., Hucke, A, Schröter, R, Ceresa, C, Chiorazzi, A, Canta, A, Semperboni, S, Marmiroli, P, Cavaletti, G, Gess, B, Ciarimboli, G, Hucke A., Schröter R., Ceresa C., Chiorazzi A., Canta A., Semperboni S., Marmiroli P., Cavaletti G., Gess B., and Ciarimboli G.
- Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent broadly used to treat solid cancers. Chemotherapy with CDDP can cause significant unwanted side effects such as renal toxicity and peripheral neurotoxicity. CDDP is a substrate of organic cation transporters (OCT), transporters that are highly expressed in renal tissue. Therefore, CDDP uptake by OCT may play a role in causing unwanted toxicities of CDDP anticancer treatment. In this study, the contribution of the mouse OCT2 (mOCT2) to CDDP nephro- and peripheral neurotoxicity was investigated by comparing the effects of cyclic treatment with low doses of CDDP on renal and neurological functions in wild-type (WT) mice and mice with genetic deletion of OCT2 (OCT2−/− mice). This CDDP treatment protocol caused significant impairment of kidneys and peripherical neurological functions in WT mice. These effects were significantly reduced in OCT2−/− mice, however, less profoundly than what was previously measured in mice with genetic deletion of both OCT1 and 2 (OCT1-2−/− mice). Comparing the apparent affinities (IC50) of mOCT1 and mOCT2 for CDDP, the mOCT1 displayed a higher affinity for CDDP than the mOCT2 (IC50: 9 and 558 µM, respectively). Also, cellular toxicity induced by incubation with 100 µM CDDP was more pronounced in cells stably expressing mOCT1 than in cells expressing mOCT2. Therefore, in mice, CDDP uptake by both OCT1 and 2 contributes to the development of CDDP undesired side effects. OCT seem to be suitable targets for establishing treatment protocols aimed at decreasing unwanted CDDP toxicity and improving anticancer treatment with CDDP.
- Published
- 2023
47. Multimodal Comparison of Diabetic Neuropathy in Aged Streptozotocin-Treated Sprague–Dawley and Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
- Author
-
Canta, A, Carozzi, V, Chiorazzi, A, Meregalli, C, Oggioni, N, Rodriguez-Menendez, V, Sala, B, Melcangi, R, Giatti, S, Lombardi, R, Bianchi, R, Marmiroli, P, Cavaletti, G, Canta A., Carozzi V. A., Chiorazzi A., Meregalli C., Oggioni N., Rodriguez-Menendez V., Sala B., Melcangi R. C., Giatti S., Lombardi R., Bianchi R., Marmiroli P., Cavaletti G., Canta, A, Carozzi, V, Chiorazzi, A, Meregalli, C, Oggioni, N, Rodriguez-Menendez, V, Sala, B, Melcangi, R, Giatti, S, Lombardi, R, Bianchi, R, Marmiroli, P, Cavaletti, G, Canta A., Carozzi V. A., Chiorazzi A., Meregalli C., Oggioni N., Rodriguez-Menendez V., Sala B., Melcangi R. C., Giatti S., Lombardi R., Bianchi R., Marmiroli P., and Cavaletti G.
- Abstract
The development and progression of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are due to multiple mechanisms. The creation of reliable animal models of DPN has been challenging and this issue has not yet been solved. However, despite some recognized differences from humans, most of the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of DPN relies on results achieved using rodent animal models. The simplest experimental DPN model reproduces type 1 diabetes, induced by massive chemical destruction of pancreatic beta cells with streptozotocin (STZ). Spontaneous/transgenic models of diabetes are less frequently used, mostly because they are less predictable in clinical course, more expensive, and require a variable time to achieve homogeneous metabolic conditions. Among them, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats represent a typical type 2 diabetes model. Both STZ-induced and ZDF rats have been extensively used, but only very few studies have compared the long-term similarities and differences existing between these two models. Moreover, inconsistencies have been reported regarding several aspects of short-term in vivo studies using these models. In this study, we compared the long-term course of DPN in STZ-treated Sprague–Dawley and ZDF rats with a multimodal set of readout measures.
- Published
- 2023
48. Grand Challenges in Nanofabrication: There Remains Plenty of Room at the Bottom
- Author
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John T. Fourkas, Jinwei Gao, Zheng Han, Haitao Liu, Benedetta Marmiroli, Michael J. Naughton, John S. Petersen, Yong Sun, Alex Vagilio Pret, and Yuebing Zheng
- Subjects
nanofabrication ,lithography ,self-assembly ,EUV lithography ,parallel patterning ,3D nanofabrication ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Editorial: Radiation Assisted Modifications and Processing of Colloidal and Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
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Paula C. Angelomé, Marco Faustini, Gianluca Grenci, and Benedetta Marmiroli
- Subjects
Materials irradiation ,colloids and nanomaterials ,patterning ,biomedical applications ,nanotechnology ,Technology - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Structural Study of the Hydration of Lipid Membranes Upon Interaction With Mesoporous Supports Prepared by Standard Methods and/or X‐Ray Irradiation
- Author
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Benedetta Marmiroli, Barbara Sartori, Adriana R. Kyvik, Imma Ratera, and Heinz Amenitsch
- Subjects
deep X-ray lithography ,mesoporous silica thin films ,lipid membrane hydration ,small-angle X-ray scattering ,contact angle ,molecular surface functionalization ,Technology - Abstract
Mesoporous materials feature ordered tailored structures with uniform pore sizes and highly accessible surface areas, making them an ideal host for functional organic molecules or nanoparticles for analytical and sensing applications. Moreover, as their porosity could be employed to deliver fluids, they could be suitable materials for nanofluidic devices. As a first step in this direction, we present a study of the hydration of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) model lipid membranes on solid mesoporous support. POPC was selected as it changes the structure upon hydration at room temperature. Mesoporous films were prepared using two different templating agents, Pluronic P123 (PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer where PEO is polyethylene oxide and PPO is polypropylene oxide) and Brij 58 (C16H33(EO)20OH where EO is ethylene oxide), both following the conventional route and by X-ray irradiation via deep X-ray lithography technique and subsequent development. The same samples were additionally functionalized with a self-assembly monolayer (SAM) of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. For every film, the contact angle was measured. A time resolved structural study was conducted using in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering while increasing the external humidity (RH), from 15 to 75% in a specially designed chamber. The measurements evidenced that the lipid membrane hydration on mesoporous films occurs at a lower humidity value with respect to POPC deposited on silicon substrates, demonstrating the possibility of using porosity to convey water from below. A different level of hydration was reached by using the mesoporous thin film prepared with conventional methods or the irradiated ones, or by functionalizing the film using the SAM strategy, meaning that the hydration can be partially selectively tuned. Therefore, mesoporous films can be employed as “interactive” sample holders with specimens deposited on them. Moreover, thanks to the possibility of patterning the films using deep X-ray lithography, devices for biological studies of increasing complexity by selectively functionalizing the mesopores with biofunctional SAMs could be designed and fabricated.
- Published
- 2021
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