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The Next Prison Cell: Five Figures Of The Time To Come This contribution takes the famous Prisoner's Dilemma as its starting point in order to think about generational responsibility to futures not yet present. The cell next door, a figure of otherness, is brought back to a temporal figure, defined as the unthought par excellence of the market economy. The movement to move from a thought of spatiality to a reflection on time, thus on duration and sustainability, is articulated in five moments (Marinetti's Manifesto, the Deleuzian reading of Nietzsche, Bergsonian indications of method, Musil's doubts, the action of Pussy Riot), whose role is to guide through the three syntheses of time. In order to move from the total war promoted by futurism to the need to build social horizons capable of duration (cfr. Braidotti, 2017), it is indeed necessary to move from the capitalist paradigm of accumulation to ethical thought, whose field of pertinence does not lay on a spatial perimeter, but is actually time. Only within this field in fact will the concept of vulnerability no longer lead to the paralysis of action, but rather to a thought of sustainability

Abstract Background Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored protein expressed not only in prostate but also in pancreas and bladder cancer as shown by immunohistochemistry and mRNA analysis. It has been targeted by monoclonal antibodies in preclinical animal models and more recently in a clinical trial in prostate cancer patients. The biological role played in tumor growth is presently unknown. In this report we have characterized the contribution of PSCA expression to tumor growth. Methods A bladder cell line was engineered to express a doxycycline (dox) regulated shRNA against PSCA. To shed light on the PSCA biological role in tumor growth, microarray analysis was carried out as a function of PSCA expression. Expression of gene set of interest was further analyzed by qPCR Results Down regulation of the PSCA expression was associated with reduced cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mice bearing subcutaneous tumors showed a reduced tumor growth upon treatment with dox, which effectively induced shRNA against PSCA as revealed by GFP expression. Pathway analysis of deregulated genes suggests a statistical significant association between PSCA downregulation and activation of genes downstream of the IFNα/β receptor. Conclusions These experiments established for the first time a correlation between the level of PSCA expression and tumor growth and suggest a role of PSCA in counteracting the natural immune response.

Chicago's lead problem has been shown to disproportionately affect populations of color and lower socioeconomic status (SES). The disproportionate effects on low-income areas and communities of color can be traced back to several key decisions in Chicago's history. A search of the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE/PubMed as well as Google, and Google Scholar was performed to find all articles relating to lead poisoning in Chicago, lead utilization, Chicago's municipal and political history, and lead physiology between May 2020 and May 2023. Additionally, several studies and textbooks were reviewed regarding the latest advancements in lead poisoning. The study identified several key political moves over the course of Chicago's history that have resulted in disproportionate toxicity in minority populations and those of lower SES. Lead is more readily absorbed in the pediatric population. Additionally, prior regulations had published acceptable blood lead levels (BLLs) in children, but more recent evidence indicates a myriad of detrimental effects in BLLs below that cutoff. There is substantial evidence to suggest that there is no acceptable BLL. Lead toxicity is generally improving nationally but there still exists a considerable need for improvement. Programs should be expanded to ensure that individuals living in communities most at risk of lead exposure have the means to both, replace lead-contaminated infrastructure, and to be able to supply these communities with affordable housing. From a physician and clinician standpoint, knowing the increased risk of lead poisoning in these populations should prompt earlier testing., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Goodwin et al.)

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a major risk factor for several secondary diseases, especially cardiovascular and renal conditions. SAH has a high prevalence worldwide, and its precise and early recognition is important to prevent the development of secondary outcomes. In this field, the study of biomarkers represents an important approach to diagnosing and predicting the disease and its associated conditions. The use of biomarkers in hypertension and hypertension-related disorders, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and chronic kidney disease, are discussed in this review. Establishing a potential pool of biomarkers may contribute to a non-invasive and improved approach for their diagnosis, prognosis, risk assessment, therapy management and pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention to improve patients' quality of life and prevent unfavorable outcomes., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Glycine transporters (GlyTs) are Na + /Cl - -dependent neurotransmitter transporters, responsible for l-glycine uptake into the central nervous system. GlyTs are members of the solute carrier family 6 (SLC6) and comprise glycine transporter type 1 (SLC6A9; GlyT1) and glycine transporter type 2 (SLC6A5; Glyt2). GlyT1 and GlyT2 are expressed on both astrocytes and neurons, but their expression pattern in brain tissue is foremost related to neurotransmission. GlyT2 is markedly expressed in brainstem, spinal cord and cerebellum, where it is responsible for glycine uptake into glycinergic and GABAergic terminals. GlyT1 is abundant in neocortex, thalamus and hippocampus, where it is expressed in astrocytes, and involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Consequently, inhibition of GlyT1 transporters can modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission through NMDA receptors, suggesting an alternative therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the understanding of GlyTs role in brain function and in various diseases, such as epilepsy, hyperekplexia, neuropathic pain, drug addiction, schizophrenia and stroke, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: We assess trends in opioid administration and prescribing from 2005-2015 in older adults in United States (U.S.) emergency departments (ED)., Methods: We analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) survey from 2005 to 2015. ED visits for painful conditions were selected and stratified by age (18-64, 65-74, 75-84, ≥ 85 years). We analyzed trends in opioid administration in the ED and prescribing at discharge to encounters ≥ 65 and assessed predictors of use using survey-weighted chi-square tests and logistic regression. Trends in the use of five commonly prescribed opioids were also explored., Results: Opioid administration in the ED and prescribing at discharge for encounters with patients ≥ 65 years fell overall, but not significantly. By contrast, opioid administration in the ED and prescribing at discharge significantly declined for adult encounters 18-64 by 20% and 32%, respectively. A similar proportion of adult encounters ≥ 65 were administered opioids in the ED as 18-64, but adult encounters ≥ 85 had the lowest rates of administration. A smaller proportion of adult encounters ≥ 65 years with painful conditions were prescribed opioids at discharge compared to <65. However, this age-related disparity in prescribing narrowed over the study period. There were shifts in the specific types of opioids administered and prescribed in adult encounters ≥ 65 years over the study period, with the most notable being a 76% increase in hydromorphone administration comparing 2005-06 to 2014-15., Conclusion: From 2005-15, 1 in 4 to 1 in 10 ED patients with painful conditions were administered or prescribed an opioid in U.S. EDs. Opioids prescribing increased from 2005-11 and then declined from 2012-15, more so among visits in the 18-64 age group compared to ≥ 65 years. Opioid administrating demonstrated a gradual rise and decline in all adult age groups. Age consistently appears to be an important consideration, where opioid prescribing declines with advancing age. Given the nationwide opioid crisis, ED providers should remain vigilant in limiting opioids, particularly in older adults who are at higher risk for adverse effects., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: By the WestJEM article submission agreement, all authors are required to disclose all affiliations, funding sources and financial or management relationships that could be perceived as potential sources of bias. No author has professional or financial relationships with any companies that are relevant to this study. There are no conflicts of interest or sources of funding to declare.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were evaluated as solvents in centrifugal partition chromatography, a liquid-liquid chromatography separation technology. To this end, the partition coefficients of ten natural compounds of different hydrophobicity were determined in non-aqueous biphasic systems containing DES. The influence of the composition of DESs and the presence of water in the biphasic system on the partition coefficient were also examined. In addition, several process relevant physical properties of the biphasic system, such as the density and viscosity of the phases, were measured. A mixture of three to four hydrophobic compounds was successfully separated in a centrifugal partition extractor using a heptane/ethanol/DES biphasic system., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To assess trends in benzodiazepine use from 2001 to 2010 in older adults in U.S. ambulatory clinics and emergency departments (EDs)., Design: Retrospective analysis., Setting: 2001 to 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)., Participants: Individuals aged 65 and older for whom the reason for visit might prompt a physician to use a benzodiazepine (e.g., anxiety, detoxification, back sprain)., Measurements: The NAMCS and NHAMCS were used to evaluate U.S. ambulatory clinic and ED visits. Encounters involving individuals aged 65 and older for whom a benzodiazepine might be prescribed were analyzed. Trends in benzodiazepine use in these visits were explored, and predictors of use were assessed using survey-weighted chi-square tests and logistic regression., Results: From 2001 to 2010, benzodiazepines were used in 16.6 million of 133.3 million ambulatory clinic visits and 1.9 million of 18.1 million ED visits with the selected reasons for the visits. There was no change in benzodiazepine use in either setting over the study period, although benzodiazepine use for those aged 85 and older increased from 8.9% to 19.3% in ambulatory clinics and 10.1% to 17.2% in EDs. Individuals visiting clinics with anxiety were five times as likely to receive benzodiazepines (odds ratio (OR) = 4.8), and those in EDs were twice as likely (OR = 2.3)., Conclusion: Despite safety concerns, benzodiazepine use in older adults in U.S. ambulatory clinics and EDs did not change from 2001 to 2010. In the oldest individuals, who are at higher risk of adverse events, a greater increase was seen than in those aged 65 to 84. Additional measures may be needed to promote alternatives to benzodiazepines., (© 2015, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2015, The American Geriatrics Society.)

The study's purpose was to evaluate the reduction of dental caries incidence by the association of two preventive methods. 246 students of both sexes aged from 7 to 11 years registered in "Escola de Educação Básica da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia" and living in the urbana area of Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais, were examined. The sample was distributed into two groups: children from Group 1, which received a semestral topical application of Acidulated Fluor Phosphate at 1.23% and children from Group II, that besides the topical application above related (Group I) also received weekly mouthwashes of sodium fluoride aquesus solution at 0.2%. After two years of study DMFS index were tabled and statistically analysed. It was verified a reduction of 33.97% in the incidence of dental caries (in the permanent dentition). The difference between the Groups was significant at 5% level of confidence.