The document provides an update on the nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, listing newly assigned sequences and confirmations of previously reported sequences. Authors are encouraged to submit new sequences directly to the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System. Accession numbers are provided for retrieving sequence files from data libraries. The document includes a comprehensive list of newly assigned sequences and their submitting authors from various countries, reflecting the global nature of genetic research and collaboration among international institutions in the field of immunogenetics. [Extracted from the article]
The given text is a list of references from a research article or document. It includes various authors and their corresponding publications, which likely pertain to a specific topic of study. The purpose of this list is to provide readers with a comprehensive list of sources that can be consulted for further research. [Extracted from the article]
HLA antigens were historically defined according to the unique reactivity pattern of cells expressing HLA molecules with distinctive clusters of allo‐antisera and/or monoclonal antibodies. Subsequently, amino acid residues determining epitopes (DEP) in the HLA molecule were correlated with reactivity patterns. In current clinical practice, the presence of allo‐antibodies is assessed using Luminex‐based solid phase single antigen bead (SAB) assays for transplantation. Recently, novel antigens were proposed for HLA molecules with DEP patterns that do not match any serologically defined antigens recognised by the WHO Nomenclature Committee. To validate the antigens, mean fluorescence intensity values of SABs tested on >13,000 patients' sera were extracted from clinical databases and analysed by scatter plots using a linear regression model. We found that when two proteins were considered as the same antigen in the original study, for example, HLA‐A*02:01 and ‐A*02:06, their correlation ranked among the highest values at each locus. In contrast, discrete asymmetric outliers were observed when there were different antigens, for example, HLA‐A*30:01 and ‐A*30:02, allowing validation and confirmation of 20 novel antigens for HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐DR. The outliers were confirmed to be true or false by flow cytometric crossmatches. In addition to the previously defined residues for antigen assignments, findings suggest that further distinction should be made for common antigens by including the substitutions at residue 67 of HLA‐B, 67 and 74 of ‐DR. These serologic analyses can be applied systematically to identify and confirm novel antigens. These developments will lead to designing optimal SAB panels and further improving virtual donor‐specific antibodies assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bultitude, Will P., Schellekens, Jennifer, Szydlo, Richard M., Anthias, Chloe, Cooley, Sarah A., Miller, Jeffrey S., Weisdorf, Daniel J., Shaw, Bronwen E., Roberts, Chrissy h., Garcia-Sepulveda, Christian A., Lee, Julia, Pearce, Rachel M., Wilson, Marie C., Potter, Michael N., Byrne, Jenny L., Russell, Nigel H., MacKinnon, Stephen, Bloor, Adrian J., Patel, Amit, McQuaker, I. Grant, Malladi, Ram, Tholouli, Eleni, Orchard, Kim, Potter, Victoria T., Madrigal, J. Alejandro, Mayor, Neema P., and Marsh, Steven G. E.
French, Albert J. E., primary, Lucas, Jonathan A. M., additional, Turner, Thomas R., additional, Marsh, Steven G. E., additional, and Mayor, Neema P., additional
Graham, Lara V., Fisher, Jack G., Doyle, Amber D. P., Sale, Ben, Del Rio, Luis, French, Albert J. E., Mayor, Neema P., Turner, Thomas R., Marsh, Steven G. E., Cragg, Mark S., Forconi, Francesco, Khakoo, Salim I., and Blunt, Matthew D.
Subjects
KILLER cells, IMMUNE response, LYMPHOCYTIC leukemia, CHRONIC leukemia, CANCER cells
Abstract
Strategies to mobilise natural killer (NK) cells against cancer include tumour-targeting antibodies, NK cell engagers (NKCEs) and the adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded healthy donor-derived NK cells. Genetic and functional studies have revealed that expression of the activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR2DS2 is associated with enhanced function in NK cells from healthy donors and improved outcome in several different malignancies. The optimal strategy to leverage KIR2DS2+ NK cells therapeutically is however currently unclear. In this study, we therefore evaluated the response of KIR2DS2-expressing NK cells to activation against cancer with clinically relevant tumour-targeting antibodies and following ex vivo expansion. We identified that KIR2DS2high NK cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and hepatocellular carcinoma had enhanced activation in response to tumour-targeting antibodies compared to KIR2DS2- NK cells. However, the superior function of healthy donor derived KIR2DS2high NK cells was lost following ex vivo expansion which is required for adoptive transfer-based therapeutic strategies. These data provide evidence that targeting KIR2DS2 directly in cancer patients may allow for the utilisation of their enhanced effector function, however such activity may be lost following their ex vivo expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The document titled "Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update January, February and March 2024" provides a list of newly assigned sequences and confirmations of previously reported sequences for the HLA system. The sequences have been submitted to the Nomenclature Committee and assigned official allele designations. Accession numbers are provided for each sequence, which can be used to retrieve the sequence files from data libraries. The document also mentions additional information and recent publications related to new HLA sequences. [Extracted from the article]
Bruijnesteijn, Jesse, de Groot, Natasja G., Otting, Nel, Maccari, Giuseppe, Guethlein, Lisbeth A., Robinson, James, Marsh, Steven G. E., Walter, Lutz, O’Connor, David H., Hammond, John A., Parham, Peter, and Bontrop, Ronald E.
de Groot, Natasja G., Otting, Nel, Maccari, Giuseppe, Robinson, James, Hammond, John A., Blancher, Antoine, Lafont, Bernard A. P., Guethlein, Lisbeth A., Wroblewski, Emily E., Marsh, Steven G. E., Shiina, Takashi, Walter, Lutz, Vigilant, Linda, Parham, Peter, O’Connor, David H., and Bontrop, Ronald E.
Rowley, Maya V., primary, Lucas, Jonathan A. M., additional, Turner, Thomas R., additional, Marsh, Steven G. E., additional, and Mayor, Neema P., additional
Cambridge, Charlotte A., primary, Turner, Thomas R., additional, Georgiou, Xenia, additional, Robinson, James, additional, Mayor, Neema P., additional, and Marsh, Steven G. E., additional
Robinson, James, Barker, Dominic J., and Marsh, Steven G. E.
Subjects
DATABASES, NUCLEOTIDE sequencing
Abstract
Twenty‐five years ago, in 1998, the HLA Informatics Group of the Anthony Nolan Research Institute released the IMGT/HLA Database. Since this time, this online resource has acted as the repository for the numerous variant sequences of HLA alleles named by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System. The IPD‐IMGT/HLA Database has provided a stable, highly accessible, user‐friendly repository for this work. During this time, the technology underlying HLA typing has undergone significant changes. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has superseded previous methodologies of HLA typing and can generate large amounts of high‐resolution sequencing data. This has resulted in a drastic increase in the number and complexity of sequences submitted to the database. The challenge for the IPD‐IMGT/HLA Database has been to maintain the highest standards of curation, while supporting the core set of tools and functionality to our users with increased numbers of submissions and sequences. Traditional methods of accessing and presenting data have been challenged and new methods utilising new computing technologies have had to be developed to keep pace and support a shifting user demographic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
*NUCLEOTIDE sequencing, *CHRONIC myeloid leukemia, *DEAD, *WORLD Wide Web
Abstract
The document titled "Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update October, November and December 2023" provides a list of newly assigned sequences and confirmations of previously reported sequences for the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) system. It includes accession numbers for each sequence, recent publications on new HLA sequences, and a list of individuals and organizations associated with specific genetic markers It also provides information on genetic codes, genetic samples, and genetic markers associated with immune response genes. The document includes researchers and locations from various countries, promoting diverse perspectives in genetic research. [Extracted from the article]
Turco, Margherita Y., Gardner, Lucy, Kay, Richard G., Hamilton, Russell S., Prater, Malwina, Hollinshead, Michael S., McWhinnie, Alasdair, Esposito, Laura, Fernando, Ridma, Skelton, Helen, Reimann, Frank, Gribble, Fiona M., Sharkey, Andrew, Marsh, Steven G. E., O’Rahilly, Stephen, Hemberger, Myriam, Burton, Graham J., and Moffett, Ashley
Maccari, Giuseppe, Robinson, James, Bontrop, Ronald E., Otting, Nel, de Groot, Natasja G., Ho, Chak-Sum, Ballingall, Keith T., Marsh, Steven G. E., and Hammond, John A.
Ballingall, Keith T., Bontrop, Ronald E., Ellis, Shirley A., Grimholt, Unni, Hammond, John A., Ho, Chak-Sum, Kaufman, Jim, Kennedy, Lorna J., Maccari, Giuseppe, Miller, Donald, Robinson, James, and Marsh, Steven G. E.
Robinson, James, Guethlein, Lisbeth A., Maccari, Giuseppe, Blokhuis, Jeroen, Bimber, Benjamin N., de Groot, Natasja G., Sanderson, Nicholas D., Abi-Rached, Laurent, Walter, Lutz, Bontrop, Ronald E., Hammond, John A., Marsh, Steven G. E., and Parham, Peter
Meys, Rhonda, Purdie, Karin J., de Koning, Maurits N. C., Quint, Koen D., Little, Ann-Margaret, Baker, Finnuala, Francis, Nick, Asboe, David, Hawkins, David, Marsh, Steven G. E., Harwood, Catherine A., Gotch, Frances M., and Bunker, Christopher B.
Cambridge, Charlotte A., Turner, Thomas R., Georgiou, Xenia, Robinson, James, Mayor, Neema P., and Marsh, Steven G. E.
Subjects
DATABASES, GENOTYPES, GENES, ALLELES
Abstract
HLA‐DPB1 is the classical HLA class II genes with the least recorded variation on the IPD‐IMGT/HLA Database, suggesting the full extent of its diversity is perhaps yet to be characterized. Here, a full‐gene typing strategy was employed to genotype a UK cohort of 1470 HCT recipients (n = 744) and donors (n = 726). In total, 2940 full‐length HLA‐DPB1 sequences were generated, comprising 193 distinct alleles. Of these, 107 sequences contained novel variation, totaling 49 unique intronic HLA‐DPB1 alleles, and one coding variant (HLA‐DPB1*1188:01). Full‐gene sequencing resulted in zygosity changes for 129 individuals by identifying two distinct intronic variants of the same coding allele. We verified the existence of nine unconfirmed alleles and extended the sequence of two existing alleles on the IPD‐IMGT/HLA Database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Mack, Steven J., primary, Schefzyk, Daniel, additional, Millius, Robert P., additional, Maiers, Martin, additional, Hollenbach, Jill A., additional, Pollack, Jane, additional, Heuer, Michael L., additional, Gragert, Loren, additional, Spellman, Stephen R., additional, Guethlein, Lisbeth A., additional, Schneider, Joel, additional, Bochtler, Werner, additional, Eberhard, Hans‐Peter, additional, Robinson, James, additional, Marsh, Steven G. E., additional, Schmidt, Alexander H., additional, Hofmann, Jan A., additional, and Sauter, Jürgen, additional
Smith, Nicola M. G., MIcochova, Petra, Watters, Sarah A., Aasa-Chapman, Marlene M. I., Rabin, Neil, Moore, Sally, Edwards, Simon G., Garson, Jeremy A., Grant, Paul R., Ferns, R. Bridget, Kashuba, Angela, Mayor, Neema P., Schellekens, Jennifer, Marsh, Steven G. E., McMichael, Andrew J., Perelson, Alan S., Pillay, Deenan, Goonetilleke, Nilu, and Gupta, Ravindra K.
de Groot, Natasja G., Otting, Nel, Maccari, Giuseppe, Robinson, James, Hammond, John A., Blancher, Antoine, Lafont, Bernard A. P., Guethlein, Lisbeth A., Wroblewski, Emily E., Marsh, Steven G. E., Shiina, Takashi, Walter, Lutz, Vigilant, Linda, Parham, Peter, O’Connor, David H., and Bontrop, Ronald E.
Abraham, Jashan P., primary, Barker, Dominic J., additional, Robinson, James, additional, Maccari, Giuseppe, additional, and Marsh, Steven G. E., additional
Lucas, Jonathan A. M., primary, Georgiou, Xenia, additional, Cooper, Michael A., additional, Robinson, James, additional, Marsh, Steven G. E., additional, and Mayor, Neema P., additional
Barker, Dominic J, primary, Maccari, Giuseppe, additional, Georgiou, Xenia, additional, Cooper, Michael A, additional, Flicek, Paul, additional, Robinson, James, additional, and Marsh, Steven G E, additional
Abi-Rached, Laurent, Jobin, Matthew J., Kulkarni, Subhash, McWhinnie, Alasdair, Dalva, Klara, Gragert, Loren, Babrzadeh, Farbod, Gharizadeh, Baback, Luo, Ma, Plummer, Francis A., Kimani, Joshua, Carrington, Mary, Middleton, Derek, Rajalingam, Raja, Beksac, Meral, Marsh, Steven G. E., Maiers, Martin, Guethlein, Lisbeth A., Tavoularis, Sofia, Little, Ann-Margaret, Green, Richard E., Norman, Paul J., and Parham, Peter
Turner, Thomas R., Natarajan, Richard H. L., Robinson, James, Marsh, Steven G. E., and Mayor, Neema P.
Subjects
NUCLEOTIDE sequencing, FRAGILE X syndrome, GENETIC variation, IMMUNOGENETICS, DATABASES, ALLELES, SHORT tandem repeat analysis
Abstract
The article discusses the challenges posed by repeat regions in HLA genes during next-generation sequencing (NGS) for HLA typing. These repeat regions, found mainly in introns, can lead to ambiguities in allele identification due to variations in the lengths of homopolymers and microsatellites. The study highlights the need for accurate interpretation of repeat region ambiguities (RRAs) to avoid errors in HLA typing, especially as NGS-based assays become more common. The authors emphasize the importance of addressing RRAs in HLA typing to ensure accurate clinical and research outcomes. [Extracted from the article]