Search

Purpose: This study explored the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) using accelerations of 2.56 "g" to 7.68 "g" on lower-body detraining. Methods: All participants (N = 20) were trained using a lower-body resistance-training program for 30 min twice per week from Week 0 to Week 6. At the end of the program, they were randomly assigned to a control group that performed no further training or a WBV group that performed a progressive static WBV program. Data for the 5-repetition-maximum (5RM) squat and extensors and flexors of the knee and ankle were collected at Weeks 0, 6, 8, 10, and 12 for all participants. Results: Two-way (condition vs. time) analysis of variance revealed that although the WBV group maintained strength in the 5RM from Week 6 through Week 8 and the control group had a lower 5RM in Week 8 from Week 6, no differences in the 5RM squat existed between the groups at Week 8. Two-way factorial multivariate analysis of variance revealed no differences between the groups at any of the time for torque of knee flexion, dorsiflexion, or plantar flexion. Conclusion: Static WBV of 2.56 "g" to 7.68 "g" did not attenuate detraining of the flexors and extensors of the knee and ankle.

We studied perceptions of Oklahoma public school students (n = 7,848) regarding bullying. Specifically, we asked for their thoughts about the seriousness of bullying, the hurtfulness of bullying, their involvement in bullying (as victim or perpetrator), their responses to being bullied or seeing someone else being bullied, and what they wanted adults to do to make the situation better. Children who were bullied frequently worried more about bullying, thought bullying was more serious and hurtful, and wanted adults to do more to fix the situation. To improve the situation, children wanted adults to provide better supervision. (Contains 9 tables.)

Planting with mixtures of tree species rather than single species is often considered during reforestation because of the potential increased productivity and other benefits. We examined tree growth at the stand and individual tree scales in two experiments contrasting monocultures with a 1:1 mixture of tree species: (1) Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) with a conifer of similar shade tolerance (western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don)) and (2) Douglas-fir with a more shade-tolerant conifer (western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf) Sarg.)). There was no effect of mixture on growth or yield in the Douglas-fir--western white pine combination. In the Douglas-fir--western hemlock combination, yields in the mixture equaled those in Douglas-fir stands because of the enhanced performance of Douglas-fir in the mixture. For Douglas-fir, the height/diameter (h/d) ratio was significantly less in mixture, suggesting reduced competition for light when grown with western hemlock. In contrast, the h/d ratio for western hemlock was significantly greater in mixture, suggesting increased competition for light when grown with Douglas-fir. Neighborhood analyses showed that tree growth was directly related to initial size and inversely related to relative neighbor size and that the h/d ratio was positively related to relative neighbor size. In general, the size of a neighboring tree influenced growth more than species identity. Relationships between h/d ratios and growth rates suggest that growth differences between Douglas-fir and western hemlock in mixture will eventually increase. La plantation d'un melange de plusieurs especes d'arbre plutot que d'une seule est souvent envisagee a cause de l'augmentation potentielle de la productivite et d' autres benefices. Nous avons etudie la croissance des arbres aux echelles du peuplement et de l'arbre a partir de deux experiences comparant des monocultures a des melanges formes de deux especes en proportion egale : (1) le douglas de Menues (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) avec un conifere de tolerance similaire a l'ombre (le pin blanc de fOuest (Pinus monticola Dougl.ex D. Don)) et (2) le douglas de Menues avec un conifere plus tolerant a (ombre (la pruche de l'Ouest (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.)). La combinaison du Douglas de Menues et du pin blanc de l'Ouest n'a pas eu d'effet sur la croissance ou la production. Dans le cas du melange de douglas de Menues et de pruche de l'Ouest, la production de la plantation mixte etait egale a celle des peuplements purs de douglas de Menues a cause d'une meilleure performance du douglas de Menues en plantation mixte. Pour le douglas de Menues, le rapport entre la hauteur et le diametre (h/d) etait significativement plus petit dans la plantation mixte, ce qui indique une diminution de la competition pour la lumiere dans la plantation mixte. Toutefois, dans le cas de la pruche de (Ouest, le rapport h/d etait significativement plus grand dans la plantation mixte, ce qui indique une augmentation de la competition pour la lumiere lorsque la pruche se developpe avec le douglas de Menues. Des analyses de voisinage ont montre que la croissance des arbres etait directement reliee a leur taille initiale et inversement reliee a la taille relative des arbres voisins, et que le rapport h/d etait positivement relie a la taille relative des voisins. En general, la croissance etait davantage influencee par la taille que par l'espece d'un arbre voisin. La relation entre le rapport h/d et le taux de croissance indique que les differences de croissance entre le douglas de Menues et la pruche de l'Ouest plantes ensemble vont eventuellement augmenter. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction For forest managers worldwide, the decision to reforest with one or several tree species is an important one. In many areas of the world, planting single-species stands was the [...]

Individuals do not necessarily choose spouses who share similar levels of differentiation of self. Using a combination of pseudocouple and Monte Carlo sampling methods, similarity measures revealed that actual couples were more similar than randomly formed couples on only the Spousal Intimacy scale of the Personal Authority in the Family System of Questionnaire. Low or near zero similarity measures were found in the other six scales.

An evaluation of the degree of overlapping variance between self-estimated and actual personality factor scores found only minimal overlap between estimates and inventory. Counselors are cautioned not to use personality estimates as substitutes for actual inventory scores. (Author)

Reports on the wood productivity of the U.S. Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir. Adoption of moderate-sized clearcuts with adjacent uncut timber as a seed source; Establishment of state forest practice regulations; Role of research on the improvement of quality and survival of planted seedlings through the selection of genetically appropriate trees for individual sites.