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Abstract Background To study the effects of different interventions on automatic gait processing in contrast with voluntary gait processing in healthy subjects. Methods A double-blind randomised controlled trial was designed (120 able-body persons between 18 and 65 years old entered and completed the study), with pre-intervention and post-intervention assessments using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). The participants were randomly distributed into four groups. Prior to intervention, all participants performed voluntary gait on the ground (VoG) in a calibrated circuit following the 6MWT. The presence of automatic gait (AG) was explored post-intervention without a voluntary demand in the same circuit following the 6MWT. Each group received a different intervention for 30 min: Vojta stimulation, MOTOMED® at no less than 60 revolutions/minute, treadmill walking at 3 km/h, and resting in a chair (control). The main assessment, conducted by a blinded rater, was the difference in distance covered (in meters) during the 6MWT between pre- and post-intervention. Surface electromyography (sEMG) average root mean square (RMS) signals in the right tibialis anterior, right soleus, right rectus femoris, and right biceps femoris were also considered outcome measures. Results The Vojta group was the only one that initiated AG after the intervention (476.4 m ± 57.1 in VoG versus 9.0 m ± 8.9 in AG, p

ObjectivesThe therapeutic alliance (TA) has been shown to be a predictor of psychotherapy treatment success. In the case of psychotherapy with children, there is a dearth of information on TA's role. The aims of the paper are: (1) To estimate the therapist effects on children TA; (2) to investigate if therapists' TA predicts children's TA; (3) to analyze if children's age and sex predict children's TA; (4) to evaluate if the therapist's characteristics predict children's TA.MethodsThe sample consisted of 77 children undergoing psychotherapy in Argentina, and the therapists (N = 29) providing services to those children. The assessment tools utilized for the study included the Therapy Alliance Scale for Children and the Personal Style of the Therapist Questionnaire (PST-Q).ResultsFindings indicated that 2% of the children's TA was explained by the therapists (ICC = 0.02), while 17% of the therapists' TA was explained by the therapists (ICC = 0.17). Therapists' TA predicted children's TA. Children's age and sex did not have an effect on their own TA. Moreover, therapists with more experience achieved higher scores of children's TA. Finally, the Operative dimension of the PST had a negative effect on children's TA (i.e., therapists who prefer more spontaneous interventions over structured ones may experience higher levels of therapeutic alliance with child patients).ConclusionWe found a positive effect of the therapist's TA on children's TA, especially in the preference for using more spontaneous intervention techniques. We discuss the implications of the findings on the training of psychotherapists who provide services to children.

Recently, based on light microscopy images, the tubercle structure on the seed surface of 100 Silene species was quantitatively described, including tubercle width, height, and curvature associated with general morphometric data. Curvature measures the rate of change of the tangent vector in a curve and can be calculated by the following methods described for Arabidopsis roots. Here, we apply curvature measurements to the SEM images of 40 Silene species from Türkiye, demonstrating that a quantitative analysis of tubercles can be made based on SEM images with similar results to optical photographs. The association of morphometric tubercle data allows for classification into six groups, five of them corresponding to described shapes: rugose (two groups), echinate, mammillate, and papillose, and a sixth group of tubercles plane on top. The curvature values vary between 20 and 200 mm−1 and differ among the morphological tubercle types described. The correlation of curvature values with other general measurements and morphological seed characteristics is investigated. Tubercle quantification not only is a useful tool for Silene taxonomy, but also provides the basis for the analysis of the genetic control and developmental effects on tubercle structure and shape in the seed surface.

The Vitis IMIDRA collection contains 3699 entries, representing a significant percentage of the variation in traditional and commercial Vitis cultivars used in Spain. The classification and identification of new entries are currently conducted based on ampelography and molecular methods. Here, we propose a new method of classification of the cultivars based on seed morphology and its application to a total of 224 varieties from the collection. Based on seed shape, fourteen groups have been defined according to the similarity of the seeds, with geometric figures used as models. The new models are Cariñena Blanca, Chardonnay, Parraleta, and Parduca, defining new groups to be added to the ten groups previously described. The study results in 14 groups comprising the Spanish cultivar’s seed shape and morphological variation. Seed morphology can help to identify varieties cultivated in the past through archaeological finds.

Las plantaciones forestales han aumentado en México y se requieren herramientas estadísticas para evaluar y predecir su productividad, con fines de planear su aprovechamiento. El objetivo fue determinar un modelo generalizado altura total-diámetro normal para plantaciones forestales de Pinus leiophylla en Patamban, Michoacán, México. Se midieron árboles en 33 sitios aleatorios cuadrangulares temporales en plantaciones de densidades iniciales de 2 500 árboles ha-1 y sobrevivencia mayor de 75%. Se utilizaron 779 pares de datos de altura total-diámetro normal; con valores para altura de 1.86-19.60 m y de 1.5-36 cm para diámetro normal. Se comprobó el ajuste de siete modelos a través de su evaluación por mínimos cuadrados no lineales con la función nls en R®. Para la elección del modelo y su reajuste se compararon los parámetros de significancia, coeficiente de determinación, raíz del cuadrado medio del error, criterio de Akaike, Bayesiano y Sesgo. La estructura generalizada resultante de altura total-diámetro normal fue reajustada con efectos mixtos entre y dentro de sitios. El modelo de Wang y Tang presentó los mejores indicadores de ajuste estadístico. Los modelos de efectos mixtos mostraron una mejora en la explicación de la variabilidad muestral (coeficiente de determinación: 2.4%), estadísticos de ajuste (24.5% en promedio) y en la precisión de las estimaciones en la raíz del cuadrado medio del error y Sesgo: mayor de 14%. El modelo generalizado fue eficiente para representar dicha variabilidad muestral en las plantaciones forestales de P. leiophylla de la Comunidad Indígena de Patamban, Michoacán, México.

Festivals have emerged as a compelling subject of study within the realm of the social sciences, with disciplines like popular musicology showcasing festivals as a prominent area of investigation. These cultural events have demonstrated a profound and enduring impact on various generations, solidifying their significance in contemporary history. In the ever-evolving landscape of rapid social change, festivals have evolved into both traditions and heritage. Our research centered on the musical landscape in the city of Cáceres has culminated in the creation of a Festival Route rooted in the pertinent facets of its history and unique sociocultural context. The methodology employed in this study revolves around the development of comprehensive databases that encompass various parameters, principles, and elements. These databases are instrumental in crafting adaptable musical itineraries tailored to the individual participant’s characteristics, including age, educational background, place of origin, and explicit or intrinsic interests. Moreover, they factor into the duration of the route. These databases draw upon the findings of historiographic and ethnographic research, shedding light on the music performed and cherished within the city of Cáceres throughout its rich history. This paper primarily delves into the educational aspects derived from the socio-cultural phenomenon of festivals, specifically in the realms of music pedagogy and value-based education. Our Festival Route is designed with a particular focus on youth engagement, weaving together key locales within the city to create an enriching and educational experience.

En este artículo se realiza un mapeo de la producción científica en torno al discurso y las representaciones mediáticas de la migración en los últimos años. Se realiza un análisis de los indicadores bibliométricos y se extraen mapas de visualización a partir de la base de datos Scopus y VOSviewer entre 2001 y 2024. El objetivo principal es analizar las métricas básicas descriptivas de la producción científica sobre representaciones mediáticas de la migración, así como reconocer las principales tendencias existentes en la literatura académica sobre ese objeto de estudio. La evidencia muestra que se está experimentando un crecimiento importante de la producción científica, lo que puede interpretarse como un indicador para considerar que es un tema (issue) científico. Se detecta poca propensión a producir de forma colaborativa este tipo de estudios, aunque la riqueza temática es considerable. Como países más productivos destacan especialmente Reino Unido, EE.UU. y España.

Los inventarios forestales son herramientas que permiten la recolección y registro de información para la estimación del volumen y la biomasa con la finalidad de determinar la retención del carbono en la biomasa forestal mediante técnicas de regresión. El objetivo del estudio fue generar parámetros de ecuaciones alométricas que estimen de forma precisa la biomasa y el contenido de carbono total aéreo de 25 especies de clima templado de la UMAFOR 2012 en San Juan Quiahije, Oaxaca. Se establecieron sitios circulares de muestreo de 1000 m2, donde se tomó el diámetro normal y la altura total de 16 863 árboles de 25 especies; posteriormente se estimó la biomasa y el contenido de carbono aéreo a través las ecuaciones alométricas, mediante el Software SAS. La ecuación potencial simultánea fue la que presentó la mejor bondad de ajuste, donde el coeficiente de determinación ajustado (R2adj) fue superior a 87% para la biomasa total, mientras que en la estimación del carbono total se obtuvo un R2adj de 99% para todas las especies. El género Pinus presentó mayor proporción en los compartimentos, destacando Pinus maximinoi con el mayor promedio en biomasa (35 971.85 y 2 922.03 kg) y contenido de carbono (17 985.92 y 1 462.01 kg) en ramas y fuste, respectivamente.

Gmelina arborea es una especie que ostenta valor económico en los mercados forestales, esencialmente por la versatilidad de su biomasa, su rápido crecimiento y la calidad de su madera. Los objetivos principales de esta investigación fueron evaluar la dendrometría, la biomasa, el suelo y las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera en dos rodales de 18 años. En parcelas rectangulares de 1000 m2 se recabó información dasométrica de 20 árboles, además de fracciones de madera para ensayos físicos-mecánicos en laboratorio. En términos estadísticos, la G. arborea del rodal mezclado presentó mayor diámetro (7.3 %) y biomasa del fuste (5.1 %), además de un impacto en las propiedades mecánicas (8.1 %) y la dureza en sus diferentes ejes (long. 6.2 %, rad. 1.5 % y tang. 6.3 %). Se deduce que los rodales mezclados contribuyen a una mayor biomasa y a madera de mejor resistencia y calidad en G. arborea.

Este artículo presenta el diseño de un curso orientado a docentes y familias de Educación Infantil de la comunidad autónoma de Canarias como resultado del proyecto de Investigación titulado: Infancia y pantallas digitales: análisis y propuestas sobre el uso educativo de las TIC en la escuela y el hogar en Canarias (ProID2020010074). La oferta formativa “Infancia y pantallas. Crecer en un mundo digital” se basó en un modelo pedagógico centrado en el diseño de píldoras educativas de diferentes formatos, lo que académicamente denominamos microaprendizaje. Este enfoque se complementa con el desarrollo de experiencias de aprendizaje híbrido centrado en el desarrollo de competencias y conocimientos prácticos. Se mostrará el diseño realizado atendiendo al proceso de digitalización y fragmentación del contenido formativo, empaquetado en formatos multimedia de diferente naturaleza; así como la evaluación de la experiencia y de los materiales creados. Los resultados señalan la valoración positiva de los participantes en cuanto a la estructura y presentación de los contenidos en unidades pedagógicas de distinta naturaleza, lo que ha beneficiado el seguimiento de la formación

Paslahepevirus balayani (formerly known as hepatitis E virus) is an emerging cause of foodborne disease in Europe, transmitted mainly by the consumption of raw or undercooked pork. Since little is known about the presence of the virus in several pork products that are eaten uncooked, our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of Paslahepevirus balayani in groups of commercial pork products intended for human consumption subjected to different processing techniques. A total of 1265 samples of pork products from Spain were divided into four groups and tested for the presence of Paslahepevirus balayani RNA: unprocessed pig and wild boar meat frozen at −20 °C (n = 389), dry-cured pork products (n = 391), dry-cured and salted pork products (n = 219), and boiled products (n = 266) (none of these products contained pork liver). Five samples were positive for Paslahepevirus balayani RNA (overall prevalence: 0.4%; 95% CI: 0.17% - 0.92%). All positive samples were from unprocessed meat stored at −20 °C, with a prevalence in this group of 1.3% (95% CI: 0.42–3.44); two samples came from pigs (1.1%; 95% CI: 0.13–3.81) and three from wild boar (1.5%; 95% CI: 0.31–4.28). None of the pork samples in the other groups was positive. In conclusion, Paslahepevirus balayani was found in unprocessed swine products form Spain, but not in processed products intended to be consumed undercooked, demonstrating that transmission of this zoonotic virus by eating these pork products should be more seriously considered.

Mientras que Miguel de Unamuno vivió, su libro Del sentimiento trágico de la vida fue traducido a siete idiomas. Esta circunstancia provocó que los traductores se dirigieran a su autor para comentar la obra así como para hacerle partícipe de algunos problemas que les iban surgiendo. El epistolario conservado entre Miguel de Unamuno y sus traductores nos ofrece así una fuente inestimable de conocimiento para comprender mejor la génesis y el alcance de la que, según Unamuno, fue su obra capital. Gracias al hallazgo de unas cartas inéditas, podemos reconstruir cómo fue el proceso de traducir Del sentimiento trágico de la vida, teniendo en cuenta todos los acontecimientos que se sucedieron al inicio del siglo XX.

The Cucurbitaceae is a monophyletic family with close to 1000 species of climbers, including important agronomic species and varieties characterized by tendrils and pepo fruits. The seed’s morphology is varied, and the development and structure of the seed coat have been described in detail on some species. Overall description of the seed shape is based on terms comparing it with geometric figures, but quantitative methods are lacking in the literature. Here we apply a general morphological analysis to seeds of representative genera of the Cucurbitaceae, followed by curvature analysis in the poles and symmetry analysis. These methods are useful for the quantitative description of seed shape and the comparison between species and varieties. Differences between species were found for most morphological measurements, as well as for symmetry and curvature values. The comparison between three species of Cucumis (Cucumis sativus, C. myriocarpus and C. melo) and two varieties of C. melo reveals differences between species and varieties both in curvature and symmetry. The results obtained from both methods, curvature and symmetry analysis, form similar groupings in a cluster analysis. The methods described here were applied for the identification of agronomic varieties and the quantitative description of seed shape in taxonomy.

Abstract Numerical Earth System Models (ESMs) are our best tool to predict the evolution of atmospheric CO2 concentration and its effect on Global temperature. However, large uncertainties exist among ESMs in the variance of the year-to-year changes of atmospheric CO2 concentration. This prevents us from precisely understanding its past evolution and from accurately estimating its future evolution. Here we analyze various ESMs simulations from the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP6) to understand the origins of the inter-model uncertainty in the interannual variability of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Considering the observed period 1986-2013, we show that most of this uncertainty is coming from the simulation of the land CO2 flux internal variability. Although models agree that those variations are driven by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), similar ENSO-related surface temperature and precipitation teleconnections across models drive different land CO2 fluxes, pointing to the land vegetation models as the dominant source of the inter-model uncertainty.

Pt-TiO2 systems are the most widely used photocatalysts in the production of green hydrogen from glycerol photoreforming. To incorporate metals on the surface of materials, photodeposition is the most used method because it employs mild conditions. However, despite its use, there are some parameters that have not been deeply studied, such as the appropriate metal loading and the method itself, to obtain a better dispersion of Pt. In this work, six Pt-TiO2 catalysts were synthesized by a classical photodeposition method employing UV radiation. The studied Pt wt.% range was 0.15–0.60 wt.%, being incorporated in one step or in subsequent ones. HRTEM analyses showed that both methods allowed a homogeneous distribution of Pt, and in both, the particle size was around 2.3–3.6 nm, increasing with metal loading. The photocatalytic activity of materials was tested in glycerol photoreforming under UV radiation, and the 0.45 wt.% Pt-containing solid that had been synthesized in one step was the one that allowed the highest hydrogen production. This might suggest that around 0.40% is the appropriate metal loading for hydrogen production under these conditions and that incorporating the desired metal percentage in one step is the most efficient method in terms of energy and time savings.