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The sharing economy platforms for accommodation have emerged as a disruptive model that has revolutionized the tourist lodging sector and modified tourist consumption patterns. Airbnb is the paradi...

Well-being is recognized as a fundamental human goal and a universal human aspiration. However, some cross-country studies suggest that the desirability of the most often studied concept of well-being—personal life satisfaction—varies across countries, and we know little about the desirability of other types of well-being. Extending this novel area of research, we argue that focusing on the family (as compared to the individual) as the subject of well-being may be another important distinction in how well-being is conceptualized and valued. With data collected in four countries that tend to occupy different positions in rankings of personal life satisfaction (i.e., Canada, Colombia, Japan, and Poland), we document that, irrespective of cultural context, family well-being is valued over personal well-being. These findings suggest that policy makers and scientists may need to pay more attention to family well-being than they currently do.

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch), Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaled.

Eating Competence (EC) is one behavioral perspective of eating practices that has been associated with a healthy lifestyle. It emphasizes eating pleasure, self-regulation of eating, body weight satisfaction, and regular meal frequency that includes food variety without focusing on dietary guidelines. EC is composed of four components (Eating Attitude, Food Acceptance, Internal Regulation, and Contextual Skill), and its assessment is performed using the Eating Competence Satter Inventory (ecSI2.0™), developed and validated in English for an adult population. EC has been associated with diet quality and health indicators for various population groups and the development of skills that increase EC might be a strategy to improve nutritional health, and prevent obesity and other chronic diseases. In this sense, this study presents an overview of the background, concepts, features, and possible associations among EC, food consumption, and health outcomes. The high prevalence of diseases associated with food/nutrition draws attention to the necessity to broaden the view on food and its relationship with health and well-being, considering not only nutrients and food combinations but also the behavioral dimensions of eating practices. Healthy nutritional recommendations that take into account attitudes and behaviors are in accordance with the EC behavioral model. Studies on eating behavior emphasize the need to better understand attitudes towards food and eating in the general population using validated instruments. In this context, measuring EC and its association with health outcomes seems to be relevant to nutritional health. The complexity of food choices has been examined in social, behavioral, and biological sciences, representing a great challenge for applying unique and simple theoretical models. Multiple methods are required, as no single theory can fully explain food selection.

Inequalities between men and women are common and well-documented. Objective indexes show that men are better positioned than women in societal hierarchies-there is no single country in the world without a gender gap. In contrast, researchers have found that the women-are-wonderful effect-that women are evaluated more positively than men overall-is also common. Cross-cultural studies on gender equality reveal that the more gender egalitarian the society is, the less prevalent explicit gender stereotypes are. Yet, because self-reported gender stereotypes may differ from implicit attitudes towards each gender, we reanalysed data collected across 44 cultures, and (a) confirmed that societal gender egalitarianism reduces the women-are-wonderful effect when it is measured more implicitly (i.e. rating the personality of men and women presented in images) and (b) documented that the social perception of men benefits more from gender egalitarianism than that of women.

El libro Cultura empresarial en América Latina es el sexto título de la Colección DICE. Aquí se presentan capítulos relacionados con el análisis de la calidad de vida del empresario en países como Barbados, Colombia, Jamaica, Surinam y Trinidad y Tobago; el análisis del perfil de los empresarios colombianos a través del modelo de Tubería Empresarial; el análisis longitudinal de la relación existente entre autoeficacia, optimismo, locus de control y estilos de aprendizaje en un programa de formación empresarial; el análisis del concepto del “trabajador por cuenta propia” en el contexto empresarial de Cuba; la presentación de un modelo para validar el nivel de madurez y potencial de crecimiento de las empresas en etapa de gestación; y la introducción a herramientas novedosas para el prototipado de soluciones empresariales de base tecnológica. Contenido: Calidad de vida del empresario en la Región Caribe 2013, Rodrigo Varela Villegas y Jhon Alexander Moreno Barragán -- Perfil de los empresarios colombianos: estudio de la Tubería Empresarial 2006-2011, a partir de los datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), Vera Santiago Martínez y Patricia Márquez Rodríguez -- Criterios para la clasificación del denominado sector del Trabajo por Cuenta Propia (TCP) en Cuba: MPyMes en La Habana, Henry Colina Hernández y Diego Cabrera -- Análisis longitudinal de las relaciones entre algunas variables y el desarrollo de la autoconfianza en estudiantes de administración de empresas Jhon Alexander Moreno Barragán y Martín Nader -- / Modelo de validación del nivel de madurez y del potencial de crecimiento de los emprendimientos, en la etapa de gestación, Eysel Adolfo Chong -- Análisis del impacto de la construcción de prototipos para validar ideas de negocio, a partir de herramientas CASE, con la metodología Deck, Andrés Cuellar Cardona Incluye referencias bibliográficas

Contenido: Prólogo. Una psicología que se interroga, Ana Maria Jacó Vilela -- Sobre la actualidad de la clínica psicoanalítica de la psicosis: el caso de H, Ximena Castro Sardi -- Análisis de los criterios y formas de derivación en salud mental en la atención primaria, Omar Alejandro Bravo -- Características e implicaciones relacionales de dos propuestas innovadoras en educación, José Eduardo Sánchez – / Las prácticas inclusivas y la implementación de la tertulia literaria como estrategia pedagógica: tensiones, Jackeline Cantor Jiménez -- Liderazgo multicultural en organizaciones del Valle del Cauca: una experiencia de investigación, Martín Nader -- Enfoques de la medición de la emoción y la empatía en desordenes de conducta, Eduar Herrera

Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones—they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling—in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

Basados en la teoría de Bass (1985, 1990), se adaptó el cuestionario M.L.Q. (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) para la evaluación de los estilos de liderazgo civiles y militares argentinos. Se recogieron datos de 363 sujetos, civiles (53%) y militares cadetes y oficiales (47%). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y luego confirmatorio resultando una escala de 34 ítems que responde a un modelo de siete factores agrupados en tres estilos de liderazgo. Los resultados señalan mejor ajuste del modelo para población civil que para militar. Se encontraron diferencias individuales entre los estilos de liderazgo de civiles y militares. En los primeros predominan las características relacionadas con el intercambio y la negociación. En los ámbitos militares predomina el estilo de liderazgo transformacional. En ambas poblaciones las características más valoradas de los líderes se autopercibían con mayor intensidad en el formato de autoregistro que en la percepción del subalterno respecto del superior.

Se presentan datos correspondientes a un estudio realizado con 224 líderes (142 hombres y 84 mujeres) residentes en la ciudad autónoma de Buenos Aires y en el conurbano, que se desempeñaban en empresas pequeñas, medianas y grandes, el cual tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la influencia que ejercen los valores del líder sobre su estilo de liderazgo. Se observó que los valores de autotrascendencia y apertura al cambio predecían el estilo de liderazgo transformacional, mientras que los valores de autopromoción predecían el estilo de liderazgo transaccional. No se observó interacción entre los valores de conservación y el estilo de liderazgo transaccional. Data corresponding to a study made with 224 low and high level leaders (142 men and 84 women) resident appear in Buenos Aires, which worked in small, medium and big companies which had as primary target to determine the influence that exerts the values of the leader on their leadership style. It was observed that the self transcendence and openness to change values predicted transformational leadership style whereas the self promotion values predicted the transactional leadership style. There was no interaction between conservation values and transactional leadership style.

Partial results of an investigation are presented whose primary objective is to adapt and to standardize the neurocognitive assessment battery C.A.S. of Das and Naglieri (1997) in a child sample. The test is an operationalization of a non traditional intelligence model (PASS) that considers the intelligent behaviors as a group of four cognitive basic processes (planning, attention, simultaneous and successive processing). The objectives of this work are to obtain the psychometric properties of the instrument and also, to analyze if differences exist according to sex and age. The study type is crosswise - transactional. It was administered the CAS to 150 children residents in Buenos Aires among the ages of 6 to 12 years (population general non consultant) and the WISC-III to a sample of 50 children.

As a part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), a self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the “Model of Self” and “Model of Other” scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within the most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that Secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures, and Preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies.

ResumenEn el presente artículo se incluyen los datos correspondientes a un estudio realizado con 240 trabajadores colombianos, que tuvo como objetivo principal determinar si la percepción del clima social, la descripción del trabajo (significación, responsabilidad y conocimiento de resultados) y la experiencia de fluidez (Flow) permiten predecir la satisfacción y el bienestar en el trabajo. Se diseñaron 2 modelos teóricos, uno de ellos con efectos directos del clima social y la descripción del trabajo sobre la satisfacción y el bienestar, y otro con la variable flow como mediadora, estimados mediante ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados mostraron que la percepción del clima social es un buen predictor de satisfacción en las organizaciones. Asimismo, el flow predice de manera precisa y amplia el sentirse satisfecho en el trabajo.AbstractIn this article we include data from a study conducted on a sample of 240 Colombian workers. The main objective was to determine if the perception of social climate, the job description (significance, responsibility, and knowledge of results), and the experience of flow can predict worker satisfaction and well‐being in the workplace. Two theoretical models were designed, one with direct effects of social climate and job description over satisfaction and well–being, and the other with flow as a mediator variable, which were estimated by structural equations. Our results showed that the perception of social climate is a good predictor of satisfaction in organizations. Also, flow accurately and widely predicts satisfaction at work.