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This paper analyses the relation between generic competencies of students of Psychology and their academic performance and employability. A sample of 43 students of Psychology in a Spanish university was used to measure their generic competencies, academic performance and employability. Correlational and regression tests were conducted to evaluate the relation between the variables. The generic competence 'adhering to principles and values' is positively related to employability, while the competencies 'achieve results/client satisfaction' and 'socialise and create networks' are positively related to academic performance. No significant relationship was found between academic performance and employability. Generic competencies favour both academic performance and employability. The competencies which influence only one of these aspects are different. Our research offers insights to teacher learning communities to engage in a profound reflection on the inclusion of methodologies that facilitate the development of competencies related to academic performance and those most in demand in the labour market within the field of Psychology. Generic competencies are essential part of the education of students of Psychology. These competencies are institutionally developed with the aim of orienting the education of psychologists towards their future professional practice. It is essential to understand how the development of generic competencies may facilitate academic performance and employability of graduates in Psychology.

The development of indices of ecosystem quality makes it possible to obtain robust information with less human and material effort. These indices are especially useful for assessing the quality of ecosystems disturbed by anthropogenic impact since they can inform management decisions designed to recover their functionality. The abandonment of agricultural activity is a major environmental challenge, and it is important to understand its consequences on ecosystem functioning. The main objective of this work was to develop a robust quality index of abandoned agrosystems based on detailed information on soil properties and structure and the composition of the vegetation. A chronosequence was built of abandoned vineyards over the last 60 years. Seventeen soil physical-chemical properties and ten enzymatic activities related to the cycles of C, N, P and S were determined in 21 plots along the chronosequence. Total vegetation cover, cover of cryptograms and phanerogams and cover of plant functional groups was also recorded. The main factors involved in the quality of the ecosystem were detected by means of network analyses based on these variables. Models were then developed to calculate ecosystem quality indices. Our results showed how the evolution of soil properties occurred simultaneously with variations in the composition and structure of the vegetation. The major factors that determined the functionality of abandoned agrosystems were the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (high TOC and WHN) and the lesser abundance of sulphur accumulator plants. The ecosystem quality index model found to be the most robust was the index with integration by weights and non-linear scores, which followed a sigmoid pattern throughout the chronosequence. Our results highlight the importance of developing robust quality indices based on an interdisciplinary approach.

Flee (Jonas Poher Rasmussen, 2021) es un documental animado que presenta la historia de Amin, refugiado afgano que se ve obligado a abandonar su país con la llegada al poder del régimen talibán. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis textual de la película que estudia su original empleo de distintos tipos de animación para representar memorias subjetivas. Se teoriza así sobre la relación entre animaciones con contenido traumático y una generación de la imagen dialéctica propuesta por Walter Benjamin. Finalmente, se expone la utilización que se hace del material de archivo y cómo este mantiene una relación dialógica con las citadas imágenes traumatizadas.

This study aimed to establish sound relationships between soil properties of agricultural land in central Spain and their spectral attributes to contribute to deriving an indicator for sustainable farm management. Sixteen plots, managed under various conditions, eight with traditional tillage and eight with other alternative managements, were selected to gather soil samples representing three predominant soil orders (Leptosols, Cambisols, and Luvisols). Soil sampling was conducted from depths ranging from 0 to 30 cm (0–50; 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm), ensuring a broad spectrum of sample variability across different times and locations. The reflectance of soil 64 soil samples was measured within the range of 400 to 900 nm, and the corresponding concentrations of soil organic carbon and majoritarian minerals, calcium carbonate, quartz, phyllosilicates, K-Feldspar, and plagioclase were determined for each sample. Partial least squares analysis was employed to construct prediction models using a calibration dataset comprising 66% of randomly selected samples. The remaining 33% of samples were utilized for model validation. The prediction models for the measured soil chemical properties yielded R2 values ranging from 0.14 to 0.79. Only SOC and limestone provided accurate prediction models. These findings hold promise for developing a soil health indicator tailored for site-specific crop management. However, the complex composition of soil organic carbon and calcium carbonate in certain soils underscores the importance of careful interpretation and validation of remote sensing data, as well as the need for advanced modeling approaches that can account for the interactions between multiple soil constituents.

IntroductionThe sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) gene pools of the Guadalquivir Valley and Cuenca province in Spain had predominantly race-F virulence. A new race G was observed recently in the Guadalquivir Valley potentially due to the genetic recombination of the avirulence genes of both gene pools.MethodsIn this research, we have studied populations with atypical virulence from Cuenca. These populations parasitize on DEB2 sunflower line, resistant to all race-G populations evaluated. Ten populations collected in Cuenca province were evaluated with sunflower differential lines and genotyped with 67 SNP markers.ResultsAlthough genetic recombination with individuals of the Guadalquivir Valley gene pool has been observed in most populations, recombination of avirulence genes was discarded as the cause of the new virulence because the population with the highest degree of attack on DEB2 showed no introgression from an external gene pool. Accordingly, a point mutation is proposed as the putative cause of the new virulence.DiscussionThe present study provided a detailed characterization of each population, including the accurate classification of the individuals belonging to each of the classical Spanish gene pools, F1 hybrids, and those that evolved from hybridization between both gene pools. This information is essential to understand how sunflower broomrape populations are evolving in Spain, which in turn may be helpful to understand the dynamics of sunflower broomrape populations in other areas of the world and use this information to develop durable strategies for resistance breeding.

Background Person-centred care (PCC) has considerable effects on the clinical practice of health professionals. The purpose of this study was to describe the perspectives and perceived barriers and enablers of individuals with stroke regarding the PCC model in stroke rehabilitation.Methods A qualitative exploratory study was conducted based on an interpretive framework. Participants were recruited using non-probabilistic purposeful sampling and a snowball-technique strategy. The inclusion criteria consisted of: (a) individuals > 18 years, (b) diagnosed with moderate or severe stroke according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and (c) in the post-acute or chronic stage of the disease. In total, 31 individuals with stroke were included. In-depth interviews and researchers’ field notes were used to collect the data. A thematic analysis was performed. Also, credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability techniques were followed to establish trustworthiness of the data.Results Thirty-one individuals with stroke (11 women) were included. Three main themes were identified: (a) The person behind the “patient” label, recognizing the person beyond their illness and valuing their identity and individual characteristics, (b) The person at the centre of care, considering themselves as an active agent in their own care and respecting their preferences and expectations for their care process and (c) Training for PCC, providing health professionals with tools to achieve professional skills for the implementation and development of the PCC model.Conclusions and significance This paper describes relevant aspects that health professionals should consider when providing PCC in the context of the rehabilitation of individuals with stroke. Key messagesThe individuals’ perspective regarding person-centred care (PCC) has considerable effects on the clinical practice of health professionals.Individuals with stroke describe how there is a person behind the "patient" label, with identity, needs and desire to participate in decision making.Training in the PCC model helps healthcare professionals identify the needs of individuals with stroke during rehabilitation.

A lo largo de estos años, la Planificación Centrada en la Persona (PCP) se ha encontrado con obstáculos que han impedido atender y cubrir algunas de las necesidades de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo con problemas de conducta tanto en el ambiente familiar, profesional y personal (PCDI/PC). Por este motivo surge el presente estudio, detectar las necesidades que tienen PCDI/PC y, a su vez, las necesidades de los profesionales y familiares que afectan en la atención a las PCDI/PC mediante grupos de discusión con profesionales, familias y PCDI/PC que forman parte de Plena Inclusión Madrid. En total han participado 82 personas que se distribuyen en profesionales (sanitarios, educativos, laborales y sociales), familias y PCDI/PC y, en total, se han detectado 81 necesidades que afectan a estos tres grupos. Como conclusión, estas necesidades descubiertas están suponiendo un obstáculo para que la metodología PCP tenga efectividad en las PCDI/PC, por lo que sería interesante que en futuros trabajos se estudien dimensiones que ayuden a cubrirlas.

Girl Walks Home Alone at Night es el título de la primera película dirigida por la británica/iraní Ana Lily Amirpour. El film se ambienta en la ciudad ficticia de Bad City, un enclave que mezcla características persas con occidentales y en el que aparece una misteriosa mujer vampiro como irrupción de lo fantástico. El presente artículo realiza un análisis textual del film de cara a estudiar cómo la cineasta subvierte la tradición vampírica al plantear una figura monstruosa de corte existencialista que utiliza sus poderes con una clara connotación política feminista y que subvierte el mito para, lejos de ser seductora, terminar siendo seducida por el hombre.

El buen patrón es la obra ganadora del Goya a Mejor Película del 2021. Dirigida por Fernándo León de Aranoa y protagonizada por Javier Bardem, la película se desarrolla a lo largo de una semana en el seno de una fábrica ubicada en una ciudad de provincias española. Con una metodología hermenéutica basada en el análisis del relato y de los personajes, el presente artículo tiene por objeto desentrañar los mecanismos narrativos que hacen que El buen patrón pueda interpretarse debido a su formulación de la comedia como un film berlanguiano ambientado en la realidad sociolaboral española contemporánea. Más allá de esto, el texto desarrolla como la película de Aranoa presenta una configuración de humor negro basándose en las distintas alteridades del prototipo de hombre blanco heterosexual de clase media.

Ante el miedo de las víctimas supervivientes para denunciar los crímenes acontecidos en el genocidio indonesio, el cineasta Joshua Oppenheimer elabora en The Act of Killing un dispositivo de no ficción centrado en la figura de los perpetradores como narradores de la historia. Este atrevido e insólito planteamiento supone una constante tensión de fuerzas entre la voz autoral del cineasta y la de Anwar Congo, el antiguo perpetrador que protagoniza la película. Así pues, el presente artículo busca realizar un análisis de la célebre obra de Oppenheimer desde la perspectiva de los estudios culturales sobre la memoria y el trauma utilizando para ello una metodología basada en el análisis textual. Nuestra hipótesis de investigación se basa en la idea de que la propuesta de cine documental que plantea Oppenheimer en la obra presenta un distanciamiento que, sin embargo, termina focalizándose en el trauma personal del perpetrador, el cual configura el discurso según su propia voluntad y provocando que lo trágico se transfigure en cómico. Para argumentar a favor de ello se plantea un estudio narratológico centrado en cómo construye la película a través de recreaciones de imágenes que no existen del genocidio indonesio. La conclusión principal es que la obra termina convirtiéndose en un espectáculo audiovisual que va más allá de mera reconstrucción documental que fundamentaba el punto de partida. No obstante, se genera de esta forma un discurso que, dado el desconocimiento por buena parte del público occidental, corre el peligro de convertirse en el relato único del genocidio.

There is an urgent need to conserve and improve the quality of agricultural soils in the coming decades. Decision tools capable of providing reliable information about soil quality are needed, and soil quality index (SQI) is one of the most used. Principal component analysis (PCA) is the common methodology to calculate it, however in some cases fails to differentiate soil quality properly. Therefore, the aim of this work is to assess a SQI through a different methodology as network analysis (NTA) and compare it with PCA, assuming that soil uses affect soil qualities differently. From soils with different uses (rainfed, olive grove and forest) network analysis and principal component analysis have been used to select a minimum dataset (MDS) to generate SQI from 36 physical, chemical and biological soil variables. Using NTA, geometric mean of the enzyme activities (GMEAN), bulk density (BD) and phosphatase activity (phos) where selected as indicators, while PCA selected total organic carbon (TOC), free Fe oxides (FeF), crystalline Mn oxides (MnX), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and percentage of coarse sand (CS). Four SQI were calculated from each MDS through linear and non-linear scoring equations and by additive integration and weights. The SQI generated by NTA were more useful than those generated by PCA, as in addition to having fewer indicators they were able to better differentiate the uses in the study. This greater resolution capacity of the NTA would be the consequence of a better selection of indicators using this method than using PCA.

Iron participates in myriad processes necessary to sustain life. During the past decades, great efforts have been made to understand iron regulation and function in health and disease. Indeed, iron is associated with both physiological (e.g., immune cell biology and function and hematopoiesis) and pathological (e.g., inflammatory and infectious diseases, ferroptosis and ferritinophagy) processes, yet few studies have addressed the potential functional link between iron, the aforementioned processes and extramedullary hematopoiesis, despite the obvious benefits that this could bring to clinical practice. Further investigation in this direction will shape the future development of individualized treatments for iron-linked diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders, including extramedullary hematopoiesis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the pathophysiological changes of liver diseases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that positively regulates the basal and inducible expression of a large battery of cytoprotective genes, thus playing a key role in protecting against oxidative damage. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Its expression has always been associated with the induction of inflammation, but we have shown that, in addition to possessing other benefits, the constitutive expression of COX-2 in hepatocytes is beneficial in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in multiple liver diseases. In this review, we summarized the role of NRF2 as a main agent in the resolution of oxidative stress, the crucial role of NRF2 signaling pathways during the development of chronic liver diseases, and, finally we related its action to that of COX-2, where it appears to operate as its partner in providing a hepatoprotective effect.

En el presente trabajo, justo cuando se cumple el primer centenario de su muerte (1916), se da a conocer el manuscrito autógrafo de cinco marchas militares para piano de Enrique Granados, tres de las cuales habían permanecido inéditas hasta ahora. Se trata de un obsequio del pianista catalán al rey Alfonso XIII, cuyo hallazgo se llevó a cabo en el archivo de la Real Biblioteca del Palacio Real de Madrid.De estas cinco marchas, únicamente habían sido editadas con anterioridad dos de ellas, las cuales fueron catalogadas, junto con otra atribuida a Granados, con el número DLR III:23. El estudio y análisis de las tres marchas militares restantes nos ha permitido reconocer una versión previa para piano de las Dos marchas militares escritas para piano a cuatro manos y una obra totalmente inédita del compositor catalán.El presente hallazgo, además de ampliar el catálogo compositivo de Granados, resalta su incursión por el género de las marchas militares, muy conocido por motivos familiares, y su relación con el rey Alfonso XIII.

Reseñas críticas de las siguientes publicaciones: Angelou, Maya (2019). Mamá y yo y mamá. Navarra: Editorial Txalaparta. Polo, Paloma (2019). El Barro de la Revolución. Madrid: CA2M Centro de Arte Dos de Mayo. Larraz, Fernando, Mengual, Josep, Sopena, Mireia (Eds.) (2020). Pliegos alzados. La historia de la edición a debate. Asturias: Ediciones TREA Sanrune, Carlos (2020). Breve historia de la literatura gay y lésbica en español. Madrid: Amistades Particulares. Santamaría Colmenero, Sara (2020). La querella de los novelistas. La lucha por la memoria en la literatura española (1990-2010). Valencia: Universitat de València. Ocaña, Javier (2021). De Blancanieves a Kurosawa: La aventura de ver cine con los hijos. Barcelona: Península. Zygmunt, Karolina (2021) Viajar y escribir en la era del turismo de masas. Relatos de viajes contemporáneos por la Ruta de la Seda. Madrid: Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.

Objectives: the article seeks to analyze the strategy employed by the Museo del Prado to reach new audiences through its TikTok profile. Methodology: a double methodology is proposed: on the one hand quantitative, based on the technique of Social Network Analysis (SNA) to measure relationships and flows in the interactions and metrics of users of social networks, and on the other hand qualitative, based on a content analysis of the various videos that the Museo del Prado has uploaded to its TikTok profile. Results: as a result of the quantitative analysis, we discovered that the Museo del Prado's TikTok profile is one of the largest museum profiles in the world, with several viral videos and hundreds of thousands of interactions. In turn, the qualitative analysis shows us a series of characteristics shared by the profile's videos that can be synthesized into three parameters: pedagogical content, informal tone and images recognizable to the public. Finally, it is revealed that TikTok’s profile follows the strategy of displaying that which is hidden in the museum's exhibitions.

Proliferating trichilemmal tumours (PTT) are defined by a benign squamous cell proliferation inside a trichilemmal cystic (TC) cavity. A possible explanation of this proliferative phenomenon within the cyst may be molecular alterations in genes associated to cell proliferation, which can be induced by ultraviolet radiation. Among other genes, alterations on TP53 and DNA mismatch repair proteins (MMR) may be involved in the cellular proliferation observed in PTT. Based on this assumption, but also taking into account the close relationship between the sebaceous ducts and the external root sheath where TC develop, a MMR, a p53 expression assessment and a TP53 study were performed in a series of 5 PTT cases, including a giant one. We failed to demonstrate a MMR disorder on studied PTT, but we agree with previous results suggesting increased p53 expression in these tumours, particularly in proliferative areas. TP53 alteration was confirmed with FISH technique, demonstrating TP53 deletion in most cells.

Funan (2018) es el título de la obra debut del realizador francés, de origen camboyano, Denis Do. El film, ganador del Cristal a Mejor Película en el Festival de Annecy, narra la historia de Chou y de su familia, forzados a evacuar la ciudad de Phnom Penh con el auge de los jemeres rojos. Así, la película se desarrolla como una obra artística establecida por la generación de la posmemoria en torno a unos hechos traumáticos que no se han vivido directamente pero que se ficcionalizan a través de la animación. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo explorar los planteamientos narrativo y estético de la obra en relación a tres claros referentes de la misma basados en el genocidio camboyano: la novela gráfica L'année du lièvre (2011) de Tian, el film La imagen perdida (L’image manquante, 2013) de Rithy Panh y, por último, el universo artístico del pintor Vann Nath.

La novela gráfica Maus, de Art Spiegelman, es una de las obras más célebres acerca del Holocausto realizadas por la generación de la posmemoria debido a la originalidad de su planteamiento estético para representar un testimonio traumático. Dentro de las corrientes de pensamiento sobre el Holocausto, es posible concebir su modo de representación como una solución pertinente y éticamente válida ante el dilema imágenes versus testimonio. De la misma manera, cabe señalar como su planteamiento narrativo, esencialmente fragmentado, refleja las condiciones de elaboración de la obra: la escasez de fuentes y el componente traumático y familiar de la memoria representada.

The bioavailability and regulation of iron is essential for central biological functions in mammals. The role of this element in ferroptosis and the dysregulation of its metabolism contribute to diseases, ranging from anemia to infections, alterations in the immune system, inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this sense, monocytes and macrophages modulate iron metabolism and splenic function, while at the same time they can worsen the atherosclerotic process in pathological conditions. Since the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) has been linked to numerous disorders, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, we investigated its role in iron homeostasis. The iron content was measured in various tissues of Apoe-/- and Apoe-/-Nod1-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks, under normal or reduced splenic function after ligation of the splenic artery. In the absence of NOD1 the iron levels decreased in spleen, heart and liver regardless the splenic function. This iron decrease was accompanied by an increase in the recruitment of F4/80+-macrophages in the spleen through a CXCR2-dependent signaling, as deduced by the reduced recruitment after administration of a CXCR2 inhibitor. CXCR2 mediates monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis to areas of inflammation and accumulation of leukocytes in the atherosclerotic plaque. Moreover, in the absence of NOD1, inhibition of CXCR2 enhanced atheroma progression. NOD1 activation increased the levels of GPX4 and other iron and ferroptosis regulatory proteins in macrophages. Our findings highlight the preeminent role of NOD1 in iron homeostasis and ferroptosis. These results suggest promising avenues of investigation for the diagnosis and treatment of iron-related diseases directed by NOD1.

BackgroundThe number of intratympanic gentamicin (ITG) injections needed to achieve vertigo control in patients with intractable Ménière's disease (MD) may vary from a single dose to several instillations. Changes in different vestibular test results have been used to define an endpoint of treatment, including the decrease of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain elicited by the head-impulse test.ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of the VOR gain reduction after horizontal canal stimulation, as measured with the video head-impulse test (vHIT) 1 month after the first intratympanic injection, in predicting the need for one or more instillations to control vertigo spells in the long term.MethodsThe VOR gain reduction was calculated in 47 patients submitted to (ITG) therapy 1 month after the first instillation.ResultsSingle intratympanic treatment with gentamicin has a 59.6% efficacy in vertigo control in the long term. Hearing change in the immediate period after treatment (1 month) is not significant to pre-treatment result and is similar for patients who needed multiple doses due to recurrence. Chronic disequilibrium and the need for vestibular rehabilitation were less frequent in patients with a good control of vertigo with just one single injection of gentamicin. A fair accuracy was obtained for the VOR gain reduction of the horizontal canal (area under the curve = 0.729 in the Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis) in predicting the need for one or more ITG.ConclusionsSingle intratympanic treatment with gentamicin is an effective treatment for patients with MD. That modality of treatment has very limited damaging effect in hearing. The degree of vestibular deficit induced by the treatment is significant as measured by the reduction in the gain of the VOR but not useful for prognostic purposes.

Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia de la inmovilización nocturna de la muñeca con una férula cubital en ángulo neutro junto con la aplicación de ultrasonido en pacientes con síndrome del túnel carpiano leve y moderado. Materiales y Métodos: Entre octubre de 2007 y marzo de 2010, se incluyó a pacientes >18 años con síndrome del túnel carpiano confirmado por electromiografía en un hospital de Buenos Aires. Se realizó una aleatorización estratificada, con bloques permutados aleatorios, y apareamiento por sexo y edad. Los pacientes fueron asignados al grupo experimental (GE) o al grupo de control (GC). Ambos grupos recibieron ultrasonido de 1 MHz pulsante por 15 min, 3 veces por semana, durante 6 semanas. Los pacientes del GE, además, utilizaron una férula nocturna. Se evaluaron el dolor y la parestesia con la escala analógica visual de 100 mm, la PSFS y el test de Moberg, al comenzar, a las 3 semanas y, al finalizar, a las 6 semanas, y durante el seguimiento, al mes, y a los 3 y 6 meses, con evaluador a ciego. Resultados: Se analizó a 32 pacientes del GC y a 33 del GE. Al finalizar el tratamiento, todas las variables habían mejorado en ambos grupos, con diferencia de medias estadísticamente significativa para el dolor a favor del GE a las 3 semanas de tratamiento 1,64 (IC95% 0,38-2,91; p = 0,012), pero sin diferencia clínica significativa. No se informaron efectos adversos. Conclusión: El tratamiento con una férula nocturna y ultrasonido no es superior al ultrasonido solo en pacientes con STC. Palabras clave: Síndrome del túnel carpiano; tratamiento; férulas; terapia con ultrasonido. Nivel de Evidencia: II

The octanol-water partition coefficient (Po/w), or the octanol-water distribution coefficient (Do/w) for ionized compounds, is a key parameter in the drug development process. In a previous work, this parameter was estimated through the retention factor measurements in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) - microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) system for acidic compounds. Nonetheless, when ionized basic compounds were analyzed, undesirable ion pairs were formed with the anionic surfactant and avoided a good estimation of log Do/w. For this reason, an alternative MEEKC system based on a cationic surfactant has been evaluated to estimate Po/w or Do/w of neutral compounds and ionized bases. To this end, it has been characterized through the solvation parameter model (SPM) and compared to the octanol-water partition system. Results pointed out that both systems show a similar partition behavior. Hence, the log Po/w of a set of neutral compounds has been successfully correlated against the logarithm of the retention factor (log k) determined in this MEEKC system. Then, the log Do/w of 6 model bases have been estimated at different pH values and they have been compared to data from the literature, determined by the reference shake-flask and potentiometric methods. Good agreement has been observed between the literature and the estimated values when the base is neutral or partially ionized (up to 99 % of ionization).

Numerical estimators of differential entropy and mutual information can be slow to converge as sample size increases. The offset Kozachenko–Leonenko (KLo) method described here implements an offset version of the Kozachenko–Leonenko estimator that can markedly improve convergence. Its use is illustrated in applications to the comparison of trivariate data from successive scene color images and the comparison of univariate data from stereophonic music tracks. Publicly available code for KLo estimation of both differential entropy and mutual information is provided for R, Python, and MATLAB computing environments at https://github.com/imarinfr/klo.

La imagen perdida (2013) de Rithy Panh es una de las obras de no ficción del cine contemporáneo más celebradas que tratan de reconstruir imágenes traumáticas del genocidio cometido por los Jemeres Rojos. El presente artículo realiza un análisis de la película desde la perspectiva de los estudios culturales sobre la memoria y el trauma utilizando para ello una metodología basada en el análisis textual. Nuestra hipótesis de investigación se basa en la idea de que la propuesta de no ficción que el cineasta sostiene en la obra no consiste tanto en buscar una imagen (o imágenes) ausente(s) del genocidio camboyano, tal y como indica su título, como de proponer una metodología adecuada para testimoniar el trauma personal que pueda ser aplicable a fenómenos similares. Para argumentar a favor de ello, se plantea un análisis sobre tres elementos: las representaciones de los perpetradores, la inclusión de la fantasía en el relato y, por último, la metafórica apología del testimonio por parte del creador. Más allá de verificarse la hipótesis, la conclusión principal que se extrae es que el testimonio surge como un deber y una necesidad ante actos traumáticos, pudiendo ser representado a través de diversas formas cinematográficas.

Lensless holographic microscopy (LHM) comes out as a promising label-free technique since it supplies high-quality imaging and adaptive magnification in a lens-free, compact and cost-effective way. Compact sizes and reduced prices of LHMs make them a perfect instrument for point-of-care diagnosis and increase their usability in limited-resource laboratories, remote areas, and poor countries. LHM can provide excellent intensity and phase imaging when the twin image is removed. In that sense, multi-illumination single-holographic-exposure lensless Fresnel (MISHELF) microscopy appears as a single-shot and phase-retrieved imaging technique employing multiple illumination/detection channels and a fast-iterative phase-retrieval algorithm. In this contribution, we review MISHELF microscopy through the description of the principles, the analysis of the performance, the presentation of the microscope prototypes and the inclusion of the main biomedical applications reported so far.

Con una filmografía compuesta por más de una veintena de películas que se extienden a lo largo de más de cincuenta años, Patricio Guzmán es uno de los principales exponentes de la generación del Nuevo Cine Chileno que todavía sigue en activo. Su dedicación casi exclusiva al cine documental, plantea a través de una multitud de trabajos distintos acercamientos al Chile de Salvador Allende que amplían y ponen en cuestión los hechos recogidos en la historia oficial. La hipótesis de partida del presente artículo presenta la idea de cómo si bien toda la obra de Guzmán está basada en similares preceptos ideológicos, el paso del tiempo y el cambio de las circunstancias bajo las que nace su cine provocan una depuración de las formas y los estilos cinematográficos empleados en los films que realiza con posterioridad a la caída del gobierno de Unidad Popular. De esta forma, la obra del cineasta chileno sustituye la espontaneidad documental por una reflexividad mediada, la cual adquiere un componente poético bañado por la nostalgia de un pasado irrecuperable que abandona la innovación formal para buscar una contención en la imagen que además de transmitir el mensaje permite constituir un placer estético.

The effect of acanthoic acid analogs on the response to proinflammatory challenge was investigated. Some pimarane diterpenes are known activators of the LXRαβ nuclear receptors, but we show here that they also exert a rapid, potent, and selective activation of the p110γ and p110δ subunits of PI3K. Combination of these effects results in an important attenuation of the global transcriptional response to LPS in macrophages. PI3K/Akt activation leads to inhibition of the LPS-dependent stimulation of IKK/NF-κB and p38 and ERK MAPKs. Macrophages from LXRαβ-deficient mice exhibited an inhibition of these pathways similar to the corresponding wild-type cells. Silencing or inhibition of p110γ/δ suppressed the effect of these diterpenes (DTPs) on IKK/NF-κB and MAPKs signaling. Taken together, these data show a multitarget anti-inflammatory mechanism by these DTPs including a selective activation of PI3K isoenzymes.

The effect of acanthoic acid analogs on the response to proinflammatory challenge was investigated. Some pimarane diterpenes are known activators of the LXRαβ nuclear receptors, but we show here that they also exert a rapid, potent, and selective activation of the p110γ and p110δ subunits of PI3K. Combination of these effects results in an important attenuation of the global transcriptional response to LPS in macrophages. PI3K/Akt activation leads to inhibition of the LPS-dependent stimulation of IKK/NF-κB and p38 and ERK MAPKs. Macrophages from LXRαβ-deficient mice exhibited an inhibition of these pathways similar to the corresponding wild-type cells. Silencing or inhibition of p110γ/δ suppressed the effect of these diterpenes (DTPs) on IKK/NF-κB and MAPKs signaling. Taken together, these data show a multitarget anti-inflammatory mechanism by these DTPs including a selective activation of PI3K isoenzymes. Diterpenes exert anti-inflammatory effects broadly impacting the NF-κB pathway, and Través etal. now show selective activation of the p110γ/δ PI3K isoforms in macrophages by a class of acanthoic-acid related molecules. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in prostanoid biosynthesis. The constitutive hepatocyte expression of COX-2 has a protective role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI), decreasing necrosis, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and increasing autophagy and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response. The physiopathology of IRI directly impacts mitochondrial activity, causing ATP depletion and being the main source of ROS. Using genetically modified mice expressing human COX-2 (h-COX-2 Tg) specifically in hepatocytes, and performing I/R surgery on the liver, we demonstrate that COX-2 expression has a beneficial effect at the mitochondrial level. Mitochondria derived from h-COX-2 Tg mice livers have an increased respiratory rate associated with complex I electron-feeding pathways compared to Wild-type (Wt) littermates, without affecting complex I expression or assembly. Furthermore, Wt-derived mitochondria show a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) that correlates to increased proteolysis of fusion-related OPA1 through OMA1 protease activity. All these effects are not observed in h-COX-2 Tg mitochondria, which behave similarly to the Sham condition. These results suggest that COX-2 attenuates IRI at a mitochondrial level, preserving the proteolytic processing of OPA1, in addition to the maintenance of mitochondrial respiration.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) incidence is becoming higher. This fact is promoted by metabolic disorders such as obesity, and aging. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of most of these pathologies. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that begins with the progressive accumulation of lipids and fibrotic materials in the blood-vessel wall, which leads to massive leukocyte recruitment. Rupture of the fibrous cap of the atherogenic cusps is responsible for tissue ischemic events, among them myocardial infarction. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), or blood cell production outside the bone marrow (BM), occurs when the normal production of these cells is impaired (chronic hematological and genetic disorders, leukemia, etc.) or is altered by metabolic disorders, such as hypercholesterolemia, or after myocardial infarction. Recent studies indicate that the main EMH tissues (spleen, liver, adipose and lymph nodes) complement the hematopoietic function of the BM, producing circulating inflammatory cells that infiltrate into the atheroma. Indeed, the spleen, which is a secondary lymphopoietic organ with high metabolic activity, contains a reservoir of myeloid progenitors and monocytes, constituting an important source of inflammatory cells to the atherosclerotic lesion. Furthermore, the spleen also plays an important role in lipid homeostasis and immune-cell selection. Interestingly, clinical evidence from splenectomized subjects shows that they are more susceptible to developing pathologies, such as dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis due to the loss of immune selection. Although CVDs represent the leading cause of death worldwide, the mechanisms involving the spleen-atherosclerosis-heart axis cross-talk remain poorly characterized.

El objetivo del presente artículo es explorar cómo las normas dictadas por el conocido como Código Hays delimitan y guían los mecanismos narrativos y el modo de representación de Some Like It Hot (1959). Así mismo, se plantea un estudio de la utilización de la comedia y de sus recursos propios como método empleado por Billy Wilder en dicho filme para, siendo fiel tanto al espíritu inicial de la obra como a la narrativa de la misma, imponer su voz autoral de cara a superar las prohibiciones impuestas por la censura. Y es que el guion de la obra se adapta constantemente para sortear el famoso código en lo respecto a tres temas con importante presencia en la película: el travestismo de los personajes masculinos, la sensualidad del personaje interpretado por Marilyn Monroe y el erotismo latente de algunas escenas, y la violencia presente de otras secuencias.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is widely expressed in mammalian tissues, in particular in immune cells, and plays a pleiotropic role in dephosphorylating many substrates. Moreover, PTP1B expression is enhanced in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli and to different cell stressors. Taking advantage of the use of mice deficient in PTP1B we have investigated the effect of γ-radiation in these animals and found enhanced lethality and decreased respiratory exchange ratio vs. the corresponding wild type animals. Using bone-marrow derived macrophages and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from wild-type and PTP1B-deficient mice, we observed a differential response to various cell stressors. PTP1B-deficient macrophages exhibited an enhanced response to γ-radiation, UV-light, LPS and S-nitroso-glutathione. Macrophages exposed to γ-radiation show DNA damage and fragmentation, increased ROS production, a lack in GSH elevation and enhanced acidic β-galactosidase activity. Interestingly, these differences were not observed in MEFs. Differential gene expression analysis of WT and KO macrophages revealed that the main pathways affected after irradiation were an up-regulation of protein secretion, TGF-β signaling and angiogenesis among other, and downregulation of Myc targets and Hedgehog signaling. These results demonstrate a key role for PTP1B in the protection against the cytotoxicity of irradiation in intact animal and in macrophages, which might be therapeutically relevant. Keywords: Protein tyrosine phosphatase, Cell viability, Irradiation sensitivity, Lethality, p53

Transdermal delivery can be accomplished through various mechanisms including formulation optimization, epidermal stratum corneum barrier disruption, or directly by removing the stratum corneum layer. Microneedling, electroporation, a combination of both and also the intradermal injection known as mesotherapy have proved efficacy in epidermal-barrier disruption. Here we analyzed the effects of these methods of epidermal-barrier disruption in the structure of the skin and the absorption of four compounds with different characteristics and properties (ketoprofen, biotin, caffein, and procaine). Swine skin (Pietrain x Durox) was used as a human analogue, both having similar structure and pharmacological release. They were biopsied at different intervals, up to 2 weeks after application. High-pressure liquid chromatography and brightfield microscopy were performed, conducting a biometric analysis and measuring histological structure and vascular status. The performed experiments led to different results in the function of the studied molecules: ketoprofen and biotin had the best concentrations with intradermal injections, while delivery methods for obtaining procaine and caffein maximum concentrations changed on the basis of the lapsed time. The studied techniques did not produce significant histological alterations after their application, except for an observed increase in Langerhans cells and melanocytes after applying electroporation, and an epidermal thinning after using microneedles, with variable results regarding dermal thickness. Although all the studied barrier disruptors can accomplish transdermal delivery, the best disruptor is dependent on the particular molecule.

El presente artículo realiza un breve recorrido a través de la filmografía de Mar Coll, desconocida ganadora de un premio Goya como representante de toda una generación de cineastas catalanas mujeres que trabajando desde Barcelona luchan por salir de la invisibilidad. Así pues, se plantea un estudio del contenido narrativo de las obras que componen la filmografía de Mar Coll (La última polaroid, Tres días con la familia y Todos queremos lo mejor para ella) para, mediante un análisis comparativo de estas con las del cineasta de la Novelle Vague Eric Rohmer, ver cómo la influencia que la catalana recoge del francés acaba determinando las múltiples formas que caracterizan su estilo cinematográfico. Así, partiendo de un relato que se teje desde la sensibilidad de sus personajes, el cine de Coll conjuga toda una propuesta formal que se adapta a las circunstancias de los conflictos de su universo narrativo, creándose un estilo diferenciado caracterizado por toda una serie de planteamientos cinematográficos tanto recurrentes como reconocibles.

Bark thickness is a key structural feature in woody plants in the protection against fire. We used 19 provenances of Pinus halepensis, an obligate-seeder species, in a replicated common garden at two environments contrasting in water availability to assess the interacting effects of site environment and population in the relative allocation to bark, expecting lower allocation at the drier site. Secondly, given the average fire frequency, we analyzed whether trees reached the critical absolute thickness soon enough for population persistence via aerial seed bank. Our analyses indicated that trees at the moister site allocated a rather fixed quantity of resources independent of tree size, and almost all populations reached critical absolute bark thickness to eventually survive fire. In contrast, at the drier site allocation to bark reduced with tree size, and most populations did not reach the critical bark thickness. Populations from areas with higher fire frequency had thicker basal bark, while those from areas with severe droughts and short vegetative periods, had thinner bark. In conclusion, drought-stressed trees have a higher risk to die from fires before achieving reproduction and building a sufficient aerial seed bank.

Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based composite (UHPFRC) has been increasingly adopted for rehabilitation projects over the past two decades, proving itself as a reliable, cost-efficient and sustainable alternative against conventional methods. High compressive strength, low permeability and high ductility are some of the characteristics that render UHPFRC an excellent material for repairing existing aged infrastructure. UHPFRC is most commonly applied as a surface layer for strengthening and rehabilitating concrete structures such as bridge decks or building slabs. However, its implementation with steel structures has so far been limited. In this work, the UHPFRC strengthening of a steel bridge is investigated both in simulation as well as in the laboratory, by exploiting a real-world case study: the Buna Bridge. This Croatian riveted steel bridge, constructed in 1893, repaired in 1953, and decommissioned since 2010, was removed from its original location and transported to laboratory facilities for testing prior to and after rehabilitation via addition of UHPFRC slab. The testing campaign includes static and dynamic experiments featuring state-of-the-art monitoring systems such as embedded fiber optics, acoustic emission sensors and digital image correlation. The information obtained prior to rehabilitation serves for characterization of the actual condition of the structure and allows the design of the rehabilitation solution. The UHPFRC slab thickness was optimized to deliver optimal fatigue and ultimate capacity improvement at reasonable cost. Once the design was implemented, a second round of experiments was conducted in order to confirm the validity of the solution, with particular attention allocated to the interface between the steel substrate and the UHPFRC overlay, as the connection between both materials may result in a weak contact point. A detailed fatigue analysis, based on updated FEM models prior to and after strengthening, combined with the results of a reliability analysis prove the benefits of adoption of such a solution via the significant extension of the structural lifespan.

Immunonutrition appears as a field with great potential in modern medicine. Since the immune system can trigger serious pathophysiological disorders, it is essential to study and implement a type of nutrition aimed at improving immune system functioning and reinforcing it individually for each patient. In this sense, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1), one of the members of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family of innate immunity, has been related to numerous pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. NOD1, which is activated by bacterial-derived peptidoglycans, is known to be present in immune cells and to contribute to inflammation and other important pathways, such as fibrosis, upon recognition of its ligands. Since immunonutrition is a significant developing research area with much to discover, we propose NOD1 as a possible target to consider in this field. It is relevant to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate the immune system and involve the activation of NOD1 in the context of immunonutrition and associated pathological conditions. Surgical or pharmacological treatments could clearly benefit from the synergy with specific and personalized nutrition that even considers the health status of each subject.