Search

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar indicadores de eficiencia productiva y económica en fincas lecheras según diferentes niveles de introducción de forrajes. Se seleccionaron cuatro fincas según el nivel de introducción de forrajes (Finca A y B, menor al 3 % del área total; finca 186, entre un 3 y 10 % y finca 227 más del 10 %) y se determinaron indicadores de eficiencia y balance forrajero. Se destacó con mayor eficiencia la finca 227, con valores de 1813,4 litros por hectárea anual y 2552,7 litros por total de vacas al año. El balance forrajero fue positivo para el periodo poco lluvioso y lluvioso solo en la finca 227. Se concluye que la incorporación de forrajes en el 17,1 % del área total, logró cubrir las necesidades de materia seca para ambos periodos del año en un sistema con pastos no cultivados y con un promedio de 1,39 UGM.ha-1, lo que contribuye a elevar la seguridad alimentaria del rebaño y la sustentabilidad del sistema de producción. Aún en sistemas con condiciones tecnológicas bajas, se obtienen indicadores productivos y económicos favorables a partir de la garantía de la biomasa requerida por los animales para todo el año.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la relación existente entre los principales indicadores ambientales, temperatura y humedad y los principales indicadores fisiológicos Temperatura y frecuencia respiratoria, en el ganado ovino de los sistemas de producción de la zona sur de Ciego de Ávila. Se realizó un estudio de caso, donde seleccionaron diez animales adultos a los que se le determinaron parámetros fisiológicos, y Parámetros ambientales, determinados en las líneas bases de comportamiento climatológico de los días en que se realizaron las mediciones en los meses de noviembre enero y abril del periodo poco lluvioso (Noviembre – abril),cuatro días de observación cada mes, se determinaron los Índices de TA y HR (ITH), y el Coeficiente de Tolerancia al Calor (CTC), valorando su comportamiento en la secciones del día, Se encontró un efecto significativo del periodo del día (mañana o tarde) en los indicadores fisiológicos temperatura rectal, frecuencia respiratoria y coeficiente de tolerancia al calor, con los mayores valores en la tarde. Esto explica las condiciones de disconfort térmico a que están sometidos estos animales bajo estas condiciones de producción, los valores de ITH superiores a 72 determinaron estrés moderado en mayor parte, del tiempo estudiado, con predominio en la sección de la tarde

Twelve breeding sheep of the Pelibuey breed were used to determine the behavior in a low tree density silvopastoral system. They were divided into two groups according to their physiological status: pregnant and lactating. They grazing in the rainy and dry season, in two paddocks of natural pastures and the presence of natural shade with Casuarina esquiselifolia and Samanea saman trees. The time in the grazing behavior activities was recorded, according to the day's session and the period. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2x2x2) was used, two groups (pregnant and lactating), two sessions a day (morning and afternoon) and two periods (rainy and dry). The behavior of the sheep in the low tree density silvopastoral system was not affected by the interactions of physiological condition of the animals, grazing time and season. There was also no effect due to the physiological conditions of the animals. The behavioral activities were influenced by the session of the day and the season. Sheep spent more time ruminating in the shade in the afternoon and resting in the sun in the morning. Greater use of grazing time was found in the dry season, while both rumination and rest in the shade were more preferred in the rainy season. The silvopastoral system produced favorable changes in the behavioral patterns of the sheep, to adapt the consumption of pasture, rest and rumination, to the restricted grazing that they were subjected and to the environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several different plant species with a forage potential for ruminant nutrition can be found in fruit ecosystems. Their relevance is that a high variety of foods containing high amounts of secondary metabolites can be consumed. The aim of this research was to characterize the technological and economic viability of growing-fattening ovines integrated to guava treeleguminosae (Teramnus labialis) systems. Methods: A four-month study was conducted in 1.2 ha of guava under a sprinkling irrigation system, where the leguminosae was established as well. A total of 18 ovines were integrated to the area (growing-fattening Pelibuey), with rotational grazing in three enclosures. Every phytotechnical and zootechnical action performed to the poly-crop and the animals, were monitored. The time utilized in all the phytotechnical and zootechnical labor was estimated, and the costs of salary and energy were calculated. Weight increase of bovines and the guava fruit yields (t.ha-1) were determined. Income, expenses, and profits were calculated. Results: Irrigation and animal grazing were the most time-consuming activities. The total income was over $10 000.00 per integrated hectare; however, the total profits per hectare were negative ($ -1627 CUP), due to low guava yields during the season, and the costs of salaries and electric power from irrigation, which were partly mitigated by the ovine production with zootechnical profits of $ 1 925.00. Conclusions: The integrated guava-leguminosae-ovine system demonstrated a technological and economic feasibility to increase sustainability of guava production in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-weaned young rabbits are subject to significant stress, and their digestive capacity is not yet adapted to adult rations. The utilization of protein hydrolyzate in animal nutrition may be appealing to farmers since it covers possible diet shortages. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of a protein hydrolyzate of Moringa oleífera Lam, (PHM), as a food supplement of Chinchilla fattening rabbits. Methods: The following experimental treatments were applied: 1. Supplementation of moringa protein hydrolyzate (PHM), 2 Supplementation of moringa aqueous extract (MAE), and 3. No supplementation (NS). Overall, 27 rabbits were included (three treatments and three repetitions). The productive indicators (final live weight, total weight gain, mean daily gain, and carcass yield), carcass yields, and blood chemistry indicators (cholesterol and triglycerides). Results: According to Duncan (p<0.05), the best results in the productive indicators and carcass were observed in rabbits supplemented with PHM (2.5726 kg final weight, 1.237 kg total gain, 0.0207 kg mean daily gain), with significant differences (p<0.05), compared to the other treatments. PHM was able to increase the weight of the hind portion (0.523 kg), and anterior portion (0.806 kg) of the carcass, with significant differences compared to the control (NS). The blood chemistry indicators showed no significant differences (p> 0.05). Conclusions: PHM had a positive effect on food supplementation of fattening Chinchilla rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to characterize the establishment of the polycrop of guava tree var. enana roja cubana and Teramnus labialis, a study was conducted during seven months, in 1,66 ha. All the investments in the area were monitored, as well as the agrotechnical activities and the costs of the system, which allowed to observe that: a) the agrotechnical activities performed on the guava tree were similar to the ones carried out on the fruit tree in the traditional system, and 12% of the total work time was dedicated to the establishment of the legume; b) it is essential that there is water availability throughout the area, as well as 0,008 ha of seed bank of the legume to guarantee the planting in each diversified hectare; c) most of the work time is dedicated to irrigation, which can be combined with the manual control of weeds and the formation pruning of the fruit tree; d) the cost of the diversified hectare was approximately 26 000 CUP, from which 70% was related to the acquisition of the guava seedlings and the irrigation system, while 28%, to salary and fuel expenses. It is concluded that the guava-cover legume polycrop system differed little in agrotechnical management and in costs from the traditional system which is currently used to cultivate the guava tree in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]