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Introduction Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease in women all over the world: it accounts for 25.1% of all cancer cases. The major problem connected with this cancer is late diagnosis which is reflected in high mortality rates. Therefore, education is recommended in all countries with a view to increasing health awareness of women. Objective of the study The objective of the study was a retrospective analysis of health behaviour concerning breast cancer prevention in a group of patients with the malignant breast disease. The analysis was carried out with respect to education, place of residence and financial status of the surveyed women. Material and method The research was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey. The instrument used was an original questionnaire designed for the purposes of the study. A total of 200 female breast cancer patients were surveyed between September 2015 and April 2016. The data collected in the study were subjected to statistical analysis. Result and conclusions The research demonstrated that, irrespective of an education level, place of residence and financial status, lack of interest in preventive actions aimed at early diagnosis of breast cancer could be observed. Therefore, health awareness of women in this respect should be increased.

Background Hepatitis C is currently one of the most serious epidemiological problems worldwide. Due to no specific method of prevention, prophylactic measures focus on spreading the knowledge about the routes of infection with the virus and risk factors for contracting the disease as well as the situations which increase the probability of virus transmission. Objective To evaluate of the knowledge of the patients about hepatitis C. Material and Methods The study was conducted in 2014 with the use of an original questionnaire among 200 patients of the Department of Infectious Diseases at the Medical University of Lublin and the members of support groups for HCV patients in Lublin and Warsaw. The questionnaire included some questions about the risk factors for HCV infection, the course and symptoms of hepatitis C and the sources of information about the disease. Results Most of the respondents associate the risk of HCV infection with the provision of health services whereas they know much less about other routes of transmission. More than 25% of the subjects describe their level of knowledge about the disease as insufficient. Conclusions The level of knowledge of the study group is good but it needs to be upgraded as it was pointed out by the respondents themselves. The main sources of knowledge about hepatitis C are doctors and the Internet. Few respondents obtained their knowledge from other media, which may mean that the problem of HCV infection received little publicity, which in turn translates into poor awareness of the general population.

The use of health literacy in health promotion is quite a new issue, just developing. Literacy is associated primarily with the human reading and writing skills, but it also has a shift in the sphere of health. Health literacy is a much broader concept than alphabetism. This includes not only reading and writing skills, but also the decision-making and broadcasting of own health.

Health literacy is still a little known issue in Poland. It is a very complex concept, because it covers all the skills, competences, knowledge, and ways of acquiring information in the broadly understood area of health. But the health literacy is not one of the key elements of health promotion. Diagnosis of the health literacy level of a given population seems a prerequisite for effective health education and prevention activities.

Hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) is a hepatitis B virus (HBV) -based liver disease. This virus has an affinity for liver cells, it can cause both acute and chronic viral infections of varying severity. The consequences of chronic HBV infection can be cirrhosis and liver cancer. In Poland in 1989 a preventive program was implemented to reduce HBV infection. Universal vaccinations have been introduced to reduce the prevalence of Type B hepatitis B from 40.3 / 100,000 in 1989 to 7/100 in 2000. In the last 20 years in Poland there has been huge progress in the prevention and suppression of HBV infections. Decrease in the incidence of hepatitis B is mainly the result of the introduction of compulsory vaccination and improving hygiene procedures and improve sanitation aimed at aborting the pathways of the virus. However, still a large part of society is not immune on HBV infection acting potential group of the risk of infection. In addition, in the era of a growing group of followers. movements of the anti vaccine it is necessary to continue to promote knowledge of HBV and the efficacy and safety of vaccination.

Introduction The development of breast cancer is related to the influence of various risk factors. Aim The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of selected breast cancer risk factors in patients with breast cancer. Material and method The study was conducted in the period from September 2015 until April 2016. The method of diagnostic survey. The research tool was the original questionnaire. In total, data were collected from 200 patients with breast cancer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods. Results More than 20% of women declared breast cancer in the family. 28.5% in the past suffered from other forms of cancer such as thyroid cancer, adrenal, skin. Most patients did not provide information on other breast diseases in the past. A slightly higher percentage of the examined women (32.5%) declared that before the diagnosis of breast cancer, mammography had ever seenchanges with an increased density of the glandular breast tissue. Conclusions 1. Among the risk factors that have been observed in the analyzed group are the familial burden of breast cancer and other cancers, as well as the incidence of other cancers in the past. 2. The analysis showed that in the group of examined women there was a problem of increased density of breast tissue. 3. Most of the respondents negate occurence of other breast diseases in the past.

Introduction Epidemiological studies confirmed that the estrogens plays an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Aim The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of reproductive risk factors for breast cancer in the group of patients with the disease of breast cancer. Material and methods The study was conducted in the period from September 2015 until April 2016. The method of diagnostic survey. The research tool was the original questionnaire. In total, data were collected from 200 patients with breast cancer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods. Results In the analyzed group the average age of menarche was 13.8 years with a standard deviation of 1.5. The average age of menopause was 49.3 years with a standard deviation of 4.9 years. Almost half of the surveyed women have two children. The average age of first birth was 24.2 years with a standard deviation of 4.4 years. Most women did not use oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. Conclusions Among the risk factors, the occurrence of which has been observed in the study group should hormonal factors such as early menstruation and late menopause, reproductive factors, as well as taking exogenous hormones.

Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a liver disease caused by hepatitis B - hepatitis B virus (HBV). This virus has an affinity to liver cells, cause both acute and chronic viral infections of varying severity. Aim The aim of this study was to analysis of incidence of hepatitis B in Poland in 2010-2014. Material and methods The material analyzed in the work were cases of hepatitis B registered in Poland in 2010-2014, taking into account gender, age and place of residence infected published in the form of annual bulletins "Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland by the National Institutes of Health in Warsaw (NIH). Results In the analyzed period there was an increase in the number of cases of hepatitis B in Poland. Most cases are recorded in the age group above 40 years.

Kowalska Marta Estera, Kalinowski Paweł, Bojakowska Urszula, Zdolska Wioleta. Epidemiologia wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typy C w Polsce w latach 2010-2014 = Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Poland in 2010-2014. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):35-45. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.163469 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3956 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.10.2016. Revised 12.10.2016. Accepted: 27.10.2016. Epidemiologia wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typy C w Polsce w latach 2010-2014 Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Poland in 2010-2014 Marta Estera Kowalska1, Paweł Kalinowski1, Urszula Bojakowska1, 2, Wioleta Zdolska3 1 Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 2 Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Samodzielnej Pracowni Epidemiologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 3 Absolwentka studiów I° na kierunku Zdrowie Publiczne na Uniwersytecie Medycznym w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C, epidemiologia Key words: hepatitis C, epidemiology Streszczenie Wstęp Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C (WZW) jest chorobą wątroby wywoływaną przez wirus zapalenia wątroby typu C. Wirus ten odkryty został w 1989 roku, jako wirus RNA z rodziny Flaviviridae, rodzaju Hepacivirus i może powodować zarówno ostre jak i przewlekłe infekcje wirusowe o różnym nasileniu. Cel pracy Celem pracy była analiza występowania wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typu C w Polsce w latach 2010-2014. Materiał i metody Materiałem analizowanym w pracy były przypadki wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typu C zarejestrowane w Polsce w latach 2010-2014 z uwzględnieniem płci, wieku i miejsca zamieszkania zakażonych publikowane w formie biuletynów rocznych „Choroby zakaźne i zatrucia w Polsce” przez Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowy Zakład Higieny w Warszawie. Wyniki W badanym okresie zanotowano wzrost liczby przypadków wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typu C w Polsce. Najwięcej przypadków notuje się w grupie wieku powyżej 50 lat. Summary Introduction Hepatitis C (HCV) is a liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus was discovered in 1989 as RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Hepacivirus and can cause both acute and chronic viral infections of varying severity. Aim The aim of this study was to analysis of incidence of hepatitis C in Poland in 2010-2014. Material and methods The material analyzed in the work were cases of hepatitis C registered in Poland in 2010-2014, taking into account gender, age and place of residence infected published in the form of annual bulletins "Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland by the National Institutes of Health in Warsaw. Results In the analyzed period saw an increase in the number of cases of hepatitis C in Poland. Most cases are recorded in the age group over 50 years.

Kowalska Marta Estera, Kalinowski Paweł, Bojakowska Urszula. Poddawanie się badaniom profilaktycznym przez osoby z przewlekłym wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C = Submission to preventive examinations by people with chronic hepatitis C. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):147-153. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57298 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3672 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.06.2016. Revised 09.07.2016. Accepted: 09.07.2016. Poddawanie się badaniom profilaktycznym przez osoby z przewlekłym wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C Submission to preventive examinations by people with chronic hepatitis C Marta Estera Kowalska1, Paweł Kalinowski1, Urszula Bojakowska1,2 1. Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 2. SKN przy Samodzielnej Pracowni Epidemiologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Streszczenie Wstęp Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C stanowi jeden z głównych problemów zdrowia publicznego ze względu na długi okres bezobjawowy zakażenia wirusem HCV. Cel pracy Celem pracy była analiza zachowania zdrowotnego jakim jest poddawanie się badaniom profilaktycznym przed i po wykryciu choroby osób z wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C. Materiał i metody Materiałem wykorzystanym do badań były odpowiedzi na pytania zamknięte zawarte w autorskim kwestionariuszu ankiety. W badaniu wzięło udział 200 osób z potwierdzonym zakażeniem HCV. Wyniki Przed wykryciem choroby badana grupa deklarowała, że poddawała się badaniom profilaktycznym sporadycznie, jedynie gdy zaistniały niepokojące objawy. Słowa kluczowe: wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C, profilaktyka. Summary Introduction Hepatitis C is a major public health problems due to the long latency period of infection with HCV (hepatitis C virus). Aim The aim of the study was to analyze the behavior of health which is to submission to preventive tests before and after the detection of the disease people with hepatitis C. Material and methods Material used for the study were answers to closed questions included in the original questionnaire survey. The study involved 200 people with chronic hepatitis C. Results Before detection of of the disease studied group declared that they give up preventive testing occasionally, only when any worrying symptoms. Keywords: hepatitis C, prevention.

Kowalska Marta Estera, Kalinowski Paweł, Bojakowska Urszula. Okoliczności rozpoznania zakażenia HCV wśród osób z przewlekłym wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C = The circumstances of diagnosis of HCV infection among people with chronic hepatitis C. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(5):21-28. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50924 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3506 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.04.2016. Revised 25.04.2016. Accepted: 04.05.2016. Okoliczności rozpoznania zakażenia HCV wśród osób z przewlekłym wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C The circumstances of diagnosis of HCV infection among people with chronic hepatitis C Marta Estera Kowalska1, Paweł Kalinowski1, Urszula Bojakowska1,2 1. Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2. SKN przy Samodzielnej Pracowni Epidemiologii Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C, profilaktyka Keywords: hepatitis C, prevention Streszczenie Wstęp Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C stanowi jeden z głównych problemów zdrowia publicznego ze względu na długi okres bezobjawowy zakażenia wirusem HCV (hepatitis C virus) oraz brak skutecznej szczepionki. Cel pracy Celem pracy było poznanie i analiza okoliczności rozpoznania zakażenia HCV u osób z przewlekłym wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C, w tym w szczególności sposób/sytuacja wykrycia zakażenia oraz prawdopodobna droga transmisji wirusa. Materiał i metody Materiałem wykorzystanym do badań były odpowiedzi na pytania zamknięte zawarte w autorskim kwestionariuszu ankiety. W badaniu wzięło udział 200 osób z przewlekłym wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C. Wyniki Większość badanych wskazuje kontakt z ochroną zdrowia jako prawdopodobne źródło zakażenia HCV. Osoby badane nie podejrzewały u siebie żadnej choroby wątroby, a wykrycie zakażenia u większości ankietowanych było przypadkowe – podczas wykonywania innych badań lekarskich. Summary Introduction Hepatitis C is a major public health problems due to the long latency period of infection with HCV (hepatitis C virus) and lack of an effective vaccine. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate and analyze the circumstances of the diagnosis of HCV infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C, including in particular the way / situation detection of infection and the likely route of transmission of the virus. Material and methods Material used for the study were answers to closed questions included in the original questionnaire survey. The study involved 200 people with chronic hepatitis C. Results The majority of respondents indicate contact with health as the probable source of HCV infection. Subjects were not suspected at home of any disease of the liver, and the detection of infection in the majority of the respondents was accidental - during other medical tests.

Bojakowska Urszula, Kalinowski Paweł, Kowalska Marta Estera. Ocena wybranych zachowań zdrowotnych przez i po zdiagnozowaniu choroby wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi w oparciu o Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych Juczyńskiego – badanie wstępne = Evaluation of selected health behaviors before and after the diagnosis among women with breast cancer based on the Health-Related Behaviour Inventory (HBI) questionnaire developed by Juczyński - preliminary study. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(5):29-37. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50958 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3507 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.04.2016. Revised 25.04.2016. Accepted: 04.05.2016. Ocena wybranych zachowań zdrowotnych przez i po zdiagnozowaniu choroby wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi w oparciu o Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych Juczyńskiego – badanie wstępne Evaluation of selected health behaviors before and after the diagnosis among women with breast cancer based on the Health-Related Behaviour Inventory (HBI) questionnaire developed by Juczyński - preliminary study Urszula Bojakowska1,2, Paweł Kalinowski1, Marta Estera Kowalska1 1. Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2. SKN przy Samodzielnej Pracowni Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: rak piersi, zachowania zdrowotne, profilaktyka Key words: brest cancer, health behaviors, prophylaxis Abstrakt Cel pracy Celem pracy była ocena wybranych zachowań zdrowotnych przed i po leczeniu wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi. Materiał i metoda W badaniu zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z techniką ankiety. Do realizacji badań posłużył kwestionariusz Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych (IZZ) Juczyńskiego. Badaniami objęto 70 kobiet z rakiem piersi, w przedziale wieku między35 a77 rokiem życia zamieszkujących województwo lubelskie. Analizy statystyczne przeprowadzono w oparciu o program Statistica 10.0. Wyniki W oparciu o skalę IZZ przed chorobą wyniki niskie uzyskało 80% badanych, przeciętne – 11,4%, zaś wysokie – 8,6%. Po rozpoznaniu choroby wyniki niskie uzyskało 17,1%, przeciętne – 30%, a wysokie 52,9%. Wskaźnik zachowań zdrowotnych dla ogółu badanych wyniósł średnio 66,23 przed chorobą i 90,5 po rozpoznaniu. Po rozpoznaniu choroby we wszystkich kategoriach uzyskano wyższe wyniki niż przed. Wnioski Doświadczenia związane z chorobą mają istotny wpływ na wzrost ogólnego wskaźnika nasilenia zachowań zdrowotnych wśród kobiet z nowotworem piersi. Po rozpoznaniu choroby we wszystkich analizowanych kategoriach zaobserwowano wyższy poziom deklarowanych zachowań zdrowotnych. Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate selected health behaviors before and after diagnosis of the disease among women with breast cancer. Material and methods In the study the diagnostic survey method was applied in combination with the questionnaire technique. To conduct the research we used Juczyński’s inventory of health behaviours questionnaire. The survey included 77 women with breast cancer, aged from 35 to 77, living in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The statistical analyses were conducted with the use of the Statistica 10.0 software. Results On the basis of the HBI scale low results obtained 80% of the respondents before the disease, medium - 11.4%, high - 8.6%. After diagnosis, low results obtained 17.1%, medium - 30% and high - 52.9%. The average index of health behaviors for the examination group was 66.23 before the disease and 90.5 after. After diagnosis, in all categories obtained better results than before. Conclusions Experience with the disease have a significant impact on the growth rate of the overall severity of health behavior among women with breast cancer. After diagnosis in all analyzed categories was observed a higher level of declared health behaviors.

Kowalska Marta Estera, Kalinowski Paweł, Bojakowska Urszula. Aktywność fizyczna osób z przewlekłym wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C = Physical activity of people with chronic hepatitis C. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(2):275-282. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46660 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3402 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/717152 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.01.2016. Revised 12.02.2016. Accepted: 21.02.2016. Aktywność fizyczna osób z przewlekłym wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C Physical activity of people with chronic hepatitis C Marta Estera Kowalska, Paweł Kalinowski, Urszula Bojakowska Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Independent Epidemiology Unit, Medical University of Lublin Słowa kluczowe: wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C, aktywność fizyczna, edukacja zdrowotna. Key words: hepatitis C, physical activity, health education. Streszczenie Wstęp Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C stanowi jeden z głównych problemów zdrowia publicznego ze względu na długi okres bezobjawowy zakażenia wirusem HCV (hepatitis C virus) oraz brak skutecznej szczepionki. Cel pracy Celem pracy była ocena poziomu aktywności fizycznej u osób z przewlekłym wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C. Materiał i metody Materiałem wykorzystanym do badań były odpowiedzi na pytania zamknięte zawarte w autorskim kwestionariuszu ankiety. W badaniu wzięło udział 200 osób z potwierdzonym zakażeniem HCV. Wyniki Większość badanych podejmuje aktywność ruchową kilka razy w roku lub też sezonowo. Stwierdzono również, iż w badanej grupie im starszy wiek tym ankietowani rzadziej deklarują podejmowanie form aktywności fizycznej. Ponadto wykazano, iż aktywność fizyczna zmienia się wraz z poziomem wykształcenia. Im wyższy poziom wykształcenia, tym badani częściej podejmują aktywność fizyczną. Wnioski W grupie badanych pacjentów z wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby typu C występuje niska częstotliwość podejmowania aktywności fizycznej. Tylko młodzi ludzie oraz posiadający wyższe wykształcenie deklarują aktywność fizyczną prowadzoną kilka razy w roku. Abstract Introduction and aim: Hepatitis C is one of the major public health problems due to the long period of asymptomatic infection with HCV and the lack of an effective vaccine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Materials and methods: Material used for the study were responses to closed questions contained in the author's survey interview. The study involved 200 people with confirmed HCV infection. Results: Most of the respondents take physical activity several times a year or seasonally. It was also found that in the group of the older age of the respondents declare less likely to take forms of physical activity. In addition, it has been shown that physical activity varies with level of education. The higher the level of education, the subjects often take physical activity. Conclusions: The study group of people with hepatitis C has a relatively low frequency of making physical activity. Only young people and with a higher education declare frequent physical activity than a few times a year.

Kowalska Marta Estera, Kalinowski Paweł, Bojakowska Urszula. Czynniki ryzyka zakażenia HCV oraz metody profilaktyki = Risk factors of HCV infection and methods of prevention. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(1):327-332. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.45400 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3359 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/710941 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.01.2016. Revised 12.01.2016. Accepted: 31.01.2016. Czynniki ryzyka zakażenia HCV oraz metody profilaktyki Risk factors of HCV infection and methods of prevention Marta Estera Kowalska, Paweł Kalinowski, Urszula Bojakowska Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Independent Epidemiology Unit, Medical University of Lublin dr n. o zdr. Marta Estera Kowalska, dr hab. n. med. Paweł Kalinowski, mgr Urszula Bojakowska Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Independent Epidemiology Unit, Medical University of Lublin Słowa kluczowe: wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C, edukacja, profilaktyka. Key words: hepatitis C, education, prevention. Streszczenie Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu C stanowi obecnie jedno z największych zagrożeń epidemiologicznych, które wymaga skutecznych działań w zakresie profilaktyki, edukacji społeczeństwa w tym zakresie oraz poprawy dostępności do nowych metod terapeutycznych. Poznając czynniki ryzyka oraz grupy populacji o wysokim ryzyku zakażenia HCV, profilaktyka w tym zakresie może być bardziej skuteczna. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie dróg przenoszenia wirusa oraz metod zapobiegania zakażeń HCV. Summary Hepatitis C is one of the greatest epidemiological threats at present which requires effective actions in the prevention and education of the society in this respect and improved access to therapeutic new methods. Recognizing the risk factors and population groups at high risk of HCV infection prevention in this area can be more effective. The aim of this study was to present the routes of transmission and methods of prevention of HCV infection.