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Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Objective: The present study aimed to describe the morphology of oral apparatus and oral cavity of bullfrog tadpoles during their development and metamorphosis. Design: The oral apparatus and oropharyngeal cavity of tadpoles from hatching up to metamorphosis stage was dissected for further analysis. These structures were fixed in Karnovsky solution, afterwards in osmium tetroxide and metalized in palladium gold and electron-micrographed using the scanning electron microscope. Results: The development of oral apparatus started with the formation and keratinization of the jaw sheaths and labial teeth followed by the formation of marginal and sub-marginal papillae. Degeneration of oral apparatus and formation of mouth was observed during metamorphosis. From stage-42 (metamorphic climax) to stage-43, the jaw sheath and labial tooth rows were disappeared progressively while the size and number of labial papillae were decreased. At stage-44, mouth formation started with the development of anterior and posterior labium though the labial papillae were still present. At stage-45 and 46, mouth was already formed, being very similar to the adult and characterized by the progressive increase in size. Conclusion: The sequence of events that happen during the development of oral apparatus of Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802 tadpoles follows the same pattern as occur in other anuran species but metamorphic atrophy of the oral apparatus follows the sequence of morphogenesis. Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Pará, Avenida Augusto Correa n1 Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Department of Technology Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Brazil University (Univ. Brasil), Campus Fernandópolis - Est. Projetada F-1, s/n - Fazenda Santa Rita Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Department of Technology Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n FAPESP: 03/12575-6 FAPESP: 04/15415-2

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:12:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Due to increasing demand of ingredients of animal origin, studies on the availability of nutrients in ingredients of plant origin are worthy in carnivorous species including bullfrog. This study aimed to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of amino acids (AAs) in three ingredients as plant protein sources (soybean protein concentrate (SPC), corn gluten meal 60 % (CGM), soybean meal (SM)) and two ingredients as plant energy sources (corn grain (CG) and wheat bran (WB)) which commonly use in bullfrog diets. A reference diet and five test diets containing 69.5 % of the reference diet, 30 % of each test ingredient and 0.5 % of chromium (III) oxide as an inert marker were prepared. Among plant protein ingredients, CGM showed better digestibility of essential amino acids (EAAs) (> 80 %) at the three post-metamorphic (initial, growing and finishing) phases of bullfrog development, except tryptophan which presented a low digestibility at growing and finishing phases. Among plant energy ingredients, CG presented better digestibility of AAs at both initial and growing phases than WB which showed better digestibility only at finishing phase. It was observed that methionine and lysine are the most limiting EAAs in tested ingredients, indicating that additional amounts of these AAs should be supplemented when these ingredients are used in bullfrog diets. Brazil University (Univ. Brasil), Campus Fernandópolis - Est. Projetada F-1, Fazenda Santa Rita Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Fonseca Ramos Terminal Rodoviário Roberto Silveira Sobreloja São Paulo State University (UNESP) Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane São Paulo State University (UNESP) Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Technology Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651 – Das Antas Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane São Paulo State University (UNESP) Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane São Paulo State University (UNESP) Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Technology Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651 – Das Antas FAPESP: 2012/03914-0 FAPESP: 2012/13618-0

The development of diets that economically and ecologically meet the requirements of bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) is important for frog farming. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients for essential amino acids of eight animal feed ingredients (poultry byproduct meal, meat and bone meal, salmon byproduct meal, tilapia byproduct meal, spray-dried blood meal, powered red blood cells, feather meal and sardine meal) used in the diets of bullfrogs. Additionally, the limiting digestible amino acids were determined for each ingredient. Bullfrogs in different phases of post-metamorphic development were used: 810 animals in the early phase (mean weight: 40 ± 10 g), 405 animals in the growing phase (95 ± 15 g) and 243 animals in the finishing phase (175 ± 25 g). Poultry byproduct meal, salmon byproduct meal and blood meal exhibited the largest number of high apparent digestibility coefficients for essential amino acids (>70%) in the early, growing and finishing phases, respectively. The animal protein ingredients were well digested by the bullfrogs and could be used in practical diets for this species, respecting the limits of inclusion and digestibility values for each developmental phase.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:01:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-20 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The traditional method to determine the nutritional requirements of animals is based on individual dose–response experiments that are time consuming and costly. One alternative to establish the dietary protein profile is the use of the ideal ratio between essential amino acids and digestible lysine to estimate essential amino acid requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the digestible lysine requirement of bullfrogs and to estimate essential amino acid requirements based on the ideal ratio. The experimental design was completely randomized and consisted of five treatments and three replicates. Six hundred froglets with an initial mean weight of 51.53 ± 1.91 g, identified through an implanted transponder, were used. The experimental diet (30.42% digestible protein) was supplemented with five levels of lysine HCl (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8%), so that the diets contained 1.38, 2.11, 2.85, 3.65 and 4.39% digestible lysine. The performance variables were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, protein retention efficiency, and body protein and lysine deposition. The optimum level of digestible lysine was obtained at the intersection of the ascending line with the response plateau. Weight gain increased until reaching 222.7 g at 2.23% digestible lysine in the diet. The best feed conversion (1.4 g/g) and body protein (48.28 g) and lysine (4.07 g) deposition were observed at 2.29%, 2.33% and 2.39% digestible lysine, respectively. The digestible lysine requirement of bullfrogs is 2.71% of dry weight or 8.91% of dietary digestible protein, a level that provides the highest protein retention efficiency. The requirements of the other digestible amino acids estimated based on the concept of the ideal ratio of essential amino acids are (of dry weight): 2.16% arginine; 0.94% histidine; 1.34% isoleucine, 2.39% leucine; 0.79% methionine; 1.31% phenylalanine; 1.34% threonine; 0.23% tryptophan; 1.58% valine; 0.36% cystine, and 1.07% tyrosine. Statement of Relevance The estimate requirement of digestible essential amino acid using the concept of the ideal ratio permits the elaboration of diets with an appropriate amino acid, maximizing growth, protein utilization efficiency and carcass quality for bullfrogs. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651, Das Antas Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Univ. Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Centro de Aquicultura UNESP — Univ. Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Fonseca Ramos s/n, Terminal Rodoviário Roberto Silveira, sobreloja Centro de Aquicultura UNESP — Univ. Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n FAPESP: 2012/03914-0 FAPESP: 2012/13618-0

The transition from aquatic to terrestrial phase in amphibians, called metamorphosis, is accompanied by ecological, morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes. These enable the digestive system of the animal to take up nutrients when the feeding habit changes from omnivorous/herbivorous in tadpoles to carnivorous in adults. To better understand this process, this study investigated the activity of four hydrolases in the digestive system of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) at all stages of larval development in which the animals feed from exogenous sources. Digestive enzyme activity increased from the beginning of the feeding phase until pre-metamorphosis, which is related to the maturation of the digestive system. The increase was more significant in the period of pro-metamorphosis, coinciding with the accumulation of energy reserves necessary for metamorphosis and the increased growth of the animal. During the climax of metamorphosis, the activities of digestive enzymes decreased, because th...

Resumo: Para verificação da ocorrência de alterações morfológicas no fígado, foram coletados dez animais de cada dieta, no 30º dia (1º período experimental) e no 60º dia (2º período experimental), sendo esse, o último dia do período experimental e início do clímax da metamorfose. Os girinos foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com três tratamentos: dieta experimental com 32,68% de proteína bruta e duas dietas comerciais com 37,92% e 57,53% de proteína bruta. Os órgãos coletados foram fixados em solução de Bouin e depois submetidos às práticas da rotina histotecnológica e coradas com hematoxilina - Eosina (HE). Na avaliação microscópica do fígado foram encontradas diversas alterações morfológicas como: Desorganização e vacuolização de hepatócitos, infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear periportal, multifocal e difuso, infiltrado inflamatório eosinofílico, congestão, hemorragia, hemólise e necrose. As alterações hepáticas encontradas neste estudo sugerem que as dietas utilizadas para os girinos de rã-touro, não atenderam suas necessidades dietéticas, afetando a homeostasia dos mesmos, comprometendo assim, sua sanidade. Abstract: To verify the occurrence of liver morphological changes, bullfrog tadpoles were fed three diets: an experimental diet with 32.68% crude protein and two commercial diets with 37.92% and 57.53% crude protein. Tadpoles were distributed into a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and four replications. Liver samples were collected twice, on the 30th and 60th day of the experiment. Tadpole livers were fixed in Bouin's solution, then subjected to routine histotechnology procedures, and stained with hematoxylin - eosin (HE). Microscopic evaluation of liver tissue showed several morphological changes like disorganization and vacuolization of hepatocytes; periportal, multifocal and diffuse mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration, congestion, hemorrhage, hemolysis and necrosis. The liver changes found in this study suggest that diets used for bullfrog tadpoles, did not meet their dietary needs, what affected their homeostasis, thus compromising their health.

In view of the importance of tadpole rearing to obtain good results of frog farming, the objective of this study was to determine the optimal digestible protein (DP) level for bullfrog tadpoles. Tadpoles were fed isoenergetic diets (15.4 kJ DE g − 1 ) containing 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31% DP. The following parameters were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, dietary protein intake, feed conversion, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and deposition of protein, fat, water and ashes. The optimal level of DP for weight gain estimated by broken-line regression analysis was 27.7%. Feed intake decreased and protein intake, specific growth rate and feed conversion increased with increasing levels of DP in the diet. No significant difference was observed for protein efficiency ratio. Tadpoles fed diets containing 27, 29 and 31% DP exhibited higher deposition of protein, water and ashes and lower fat deposition. The results suggest 27.7% DP for bullfrog tadpoles.

Brazilian frog farming is an agricultural activity with great productive potential. Favorable climate and strong adaptation of the bullfrog to the country have led several farmers to opt for this interesting rearing activity in their rural properties, as an alternative form of income. The current review deals with the bullfrog production systems most frequently used in Brazil – Anfigranja, flooded, and cage systems. In addition to the intrinsic characteristics, we present the main studies carried out so far, as well as several suggestions for improvement of each system. From the knowledge of these data, it will be easier to understand the real situation of frog farming in the country, and the main efforts to solve its obstacles.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:36:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-99402016000200280.pdf: 232088 bytes, checksum: 4d847a3a4f10c24d223f9497993a804c (MD5) RESUMO As relações biométricas são importantes para ilustrar o processo de crescimento dos animais. Estas, quando ajustadas a modelos não-lineares, podem revelar informações importantes para a melhoria das técnicas de criação. O conjunto de dados morfométricos em função do peso, de quatro experimentos com girinos de rã-touro, foram ajustados aos modelos não-lineares de Gompertz, Logístico, Von Bertalanffy e Brody, com objetivo de verificar o melhor ajuste. Após a adequação dos parâmetros para os diferentes modelos em cada experimento seguiu-se com a comparação dos mesmos, por meio dos intervalos de confiança (α = 0,05). Os critérios para selecionar os modelos foram: interpretação biológica, quadrado médio do resíduo, coeficiente de determinação, análise gráfica e o número de iterações. Os dados de comprimentos padrão e total em função do peso dos girinos convergiram nos quatro modelos. Os modelos Logístico e Gompertz não apresentaram interpretação biológica para alguns conjuntos de dados. O quadrado médio do resíduo e número de iterações em todos os experimentos e variáveis estudadas apresentaram os menores valores para o modelo de Brody. Os valores de K dos modelos de Brody para comprimento total, quando comparados ao padrão, apresentaram-se menores, indicando que os animais apresentaram um crescimento inicial maior em comprimento padrão. O modelo de Brody foi o mais indicado para descrever o comprimento padrão e total em função do peso para girinos de rã-touro. SUMMARY Biometric relationships are important to illustrate the growth of animals. When adjusted using nonlinear models, these relationships can provide important information that contributes to the improvement of breeding techniques. In this study, morphometric data as a function of weight obtained in four experiments involving bullfrog tadpoles were adjusted using Gompertz, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy and Brody nonlinear models and the best-fit model was determined. After fitting the parameters to the different models in each experiment, the models were compared based on confidence intervals (α = 0.05). The following criteria were used for selection of the best model: biological interpretation, residual mean square, coefficient of determination, graphic analysis, and number of iterations. Standard and total length data as a function of tadpole weight converged in the four models. The Logistic and Gompertz models had no biological interpretation for some datasets. The Brody model provided the lowest residual mean square and number of iterations for the variables studied in all experiments. The Brody relative growth rate (K) was lower for total length when compared to standard length, indicating a greater initial growth in standard length. The Brody model was the best to describe the growth in standard and total length of bullfrog tadpoles as a function of weight. Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aquicultura Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Setor de Reprodução e Obstetrícia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Setor de Reprodução e Obstetrícia Veterinária

AIM: Current analysis characterizes the effluent from bullfrog-rearing ponds during the grow-out phase; METHODS: Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus, N-NH3, N-NO3, BOD5 and COD and the number of thermotolerant coliforms (Escherichia coli) of the inlet and outlet water of the ponds were analyzed twice a week. Assay consisted of a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (inlet and outlet water) and six repetitions in a split-plot, coupled to collection over time as subplot; RESULTS: All variables were significantly different (p < 0.05) between treatments and over time (p < 0.05). Average rates of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen levels of the supply water were higher when compared to those of the effluent. The other variables such as conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrate, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and E. coli were higher in the effluent when compared to rates in the supply water; CONCLUSIONS: The management during grow-out phase caused the deterioration of the water quality, with increasing levels of dissolved nutrients and the number of thermotolerant coliform. Ammonia and phosphorus levels in the effluent, caused by waste food, skin and feces, accelerate the eutrophication process of the receiving water body. Further studies on effluent treatment are required. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a qualidade do efluente na fase de engorda da rã-touro; MÉTODOS: Quinzenalmente foram mensurados a temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, PT, N-NH3, N-NO3, DBO5, DQO e número de coliformes termotolerantes (Escherichia coli) da água de abastecimento e do efluente das baias de criação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (água de entrada e saída das baias) e seis repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as subparcelas as coletas no tempo; RESULTADOS: Todas as variáveis apresentaram diferença significativa (p < 0,05) para os tratamentos e entre as coletas (p < 0,05). Os valores médios de temperatura, pH e oxigênio dissolvido da água de abastecimento das baias foram superiores aos do efluente. As demais variáveis; condutividade elétrica, turbidez, fósforo total, amônia, nitrato, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio e E. coli foram superiores no efluente, em relação à água de abastecimento; CONCLUSÕES: O manejo realizado na fase de engorda de rã-touro deteriora a qualidade da água utilizada, aumentando as concentrações de nutrientes dissolvidos e o número de coliformes termotolerantes. As concentrações de amônia e fósforo, provenientes de restos de ração, peles e excretas, podem acelerar o processo de eutrofização do corpo d'água receptor, sendo necessário estudos sobre tratamentos desse tipo de efluente.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento alimentar e a qualidade da água em tanques de criação de girinos de rã-touro Rana catesbeiana durante 56 dias, a partir do estágio 25 da Tabela de Gosner (1960), criados em tanques de alvenaria com capacidade de 1000 L. Os girinos que receberam ração (R) e alga + plâncton + ração (APR) apresentaram o melhor peso e sobrevivência, diferindo significativamente (p < 0,05) dos outros tratamentos (somente alga e alga + plâncton). As variáveis físico-químicas da água diferiram significativamente (p < 0,05) durante o per��odo experimental e entre os tratamentos. Foi observada uma relação entre alimento fornecido e aqueles contidos no trato digestório dos girinos (rs = 0,39; p < 0,05). A partir de 14 dias, houve mudança no hábito alimentar dos girinos procurando outros itens alimentares além do plâncton. A utilização de dietas naturais quando combinadas com dieta artificial (ração) proporcionou desenvolvimento satisfatório aos girinos.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of food treatments and water quality on the development of bullfrog tadpoles. The analysis, carried out in 1000 L tanks, was undertaken by weight and survival rates, during 56 days, as from stage 25 (Gosner, 1960). Treatments with ration (R) and algae + plankton + ration (APR) had the best results in weight and survival rates, which were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other treatments, comprised of algae only or algae + plankton. Physical and chemical variables of water differed significantly (p < 0.05) during the experimental period and among treatments. There was a correlation between the concentration of species present in the food and in the tadpole digestive tract (rs = 0.39; p < 0.05). From the 14th day of age, bullfrog tadpoles changed their feeding behavior, or rather, a search for food items other than plankton occurred. The utilization of combined natural and artificial (ration) diets to feed bullfrog tadpoles was feasible and yielded a satisfactory development in the animals.

Neste trabalho avaliou-se o desempenho zootécnico de girinos de rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana) cuja dieta foi suplementada com vitamina C. Girinos com peso médio inicial de 12,3 mg ± 2 mg foram distribuídos em 16 caixas de água de 40 L, na densidade de um girino L-1. Os animais foram alimentados com dieta suplementada com zero (controle), 1.000, 1.500 e 2.000 mg de vitamina C kg-1 de ração, durante 75 dias. Após esse período foram avaliados quanto à sobrevivência, porcentagem de metamorfose, ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento específico. As maiores taxas de sobrevivência (93%), porcentagem de metamorfose (29%), ganho de peso (4,22 g) e taxa de crescimento específico (6,03% dia-1) foram dos animais que receberam 2.000 mg de vitamina C kg-1. O grupo não-suplementado foi o que apresentou o pior desempenho. Os resultados sugerem que a adição de 2.000 mg de vitamina C kg-1 produz efeitos benéficos para o ganho de peso, crescimento específico, metamorfose e sobrevivência de girinos de rã-touro.The present study had as objective to evaluate the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the performance indices of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles. The tadpoles, with an average weight of 12.3 ± 2 mg, were distributed in 16 boxes (40 L), with 1 tadpole L-1. They received diets supplemented with zero (control), 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg of vitamin C kg-1 of diet, during 75 days. After this period, the survival, metamorphosis percentage, weight gain and specific growth rate were evaluated. The tadpoles that received 2,000 mg vitamin C kg-1 ration showed the best results in survival (93%), the best percentage of metamorphosis (29%), the greatest weight gain (4.22 g) and the best specific growth rate (6.03% day-1). The worst performance was observed in the tadpoles that did not receive vitamin C. The results suggest that ration with 2,000 mg of vitamin C kg-1 improves weight gain, specific growth rate, metamorphosis and survival of the bullfrog tadpoles.

Foi avaliado o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis no desempenho e na composição leucocitária do sangue de girinos de rã-touro. Foram utilizados 1.400 girinos, distribuídos em vinte tanques experimentais com 70 litros de água, na densidade de um girino por litro. Diferentes concentrações de própolis (0,0; 0,2; 0,5; 1 e 1,5%) foram misturadas à ração comercial (45% Proteína Bruta). O arraçoamento foi realizado quatro vezes ao dia. No final do experimento, foi colhido sangue do vaso caudal de cinco girinos de cada repetição. A contagem diferencial de leucócitos foi realizada em extensões coradas pelo método de Rosenfeld (1947), em microscopia de luz. A sobrevivência, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar e o comprimento dos girinos não foram influenciados pelo extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis. O ganho de peso foi influenciado (p < 0,05), observando-se menor ganho de peso nos girinos que não receberam extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis. A metamorfose foi mais acelerada quando os mesmos receberam própolis. O grupo leucocitário influenciado pela própolis (p < 0,05) foram os monócitos, que nas doses de 0,2 e 0,5% apresentaram as maiores porcentagens, diferindo do grupo controle e da dose de 1,5%. Os linfócitos, basófilos, neutrófilos e eosinófilos não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os tratamentos.The effect of the propolis hidroalcoholic extract was evaluated on the performance of bullfrog tadpoles. 1,400 tadpoles were used, distributed in twenty experimental tanks with 70 liters of water, in the density of one tadpole per liter. The different levels of propolis (0.0; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%) were mixed with commercial ration (45% CP). The feeding was four times a day. In the end of the experiment, the blood was collected from the vase flow, in five tadpoles of each repetition. The differential counting of leucocytes was accomplished in red-faced extensions by the method of Rosenfeld (1947), in light microscope. The different levels of propolis hidroalcoholic extract did not influence the survival, consumption, feed conversion and length. Yet the weight gain suffered influence (p < 0.05) - it was observed a smaller weight gain in the tadpoles that did not receive propolis hidroalcoholic extract. The metamorphosis was more accelerated when they received propolis hidroalcoholic extract in their diet. The leucocytary group influenced by the propolis (p < 0.05) were the monocytes, which in the doses of 0.2 and 0.5%, presented largest percentage, differing from the control group and from the dose of 1.5%. The lymphocytes, basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil did not present statistical difference among the treatments.

Centro de Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista - Campus de Jaboticabal, Via Acesso Prof. P.D. Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal - SP

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:18:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-09-01 Studies have developed techniques for bullfrog feeding in which movement of the food stimulates food intake in the absence of housefly larvae. We analyze a completely randomized design with two treatments (vibrating tray and linear feeder) in triplicate. A total of 1800 bullfrog froglets (Lithobates catesbeianus) (7.60 +/- 0.59 g) were divided in six pens of 12 m(2) and density 25/m(2). Three fattening pens contained linear cement feeders (3.0 x 0.50 m) with a V-shaped bottom that crossed the pen longitudinally at each side of the pool containing commercial diet (40% crude protein) with added 5% housefly larvae. In the other three pens, six vibrating feeders trays (80 x 34 cm) per pen were arranged linearly, three at each side of the pool with commercial ration without housefly larvae. The productive performance of frogs was assessed by weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, specific growth rate and survival by 90 days. We observed that bullfrog froglets receiving food in a vibrating feeder tray present better productive performance (weight gain, feed conversion and specific growth rate) than animals fed ration and housefly larvae in a linear feeder. This response can be related to the greater visual stimulus of the food by frogs fed in vibrating feeder trays, in which food had greater movement. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Univ Estadual Paulista, CAUNESP, Aquaculture Ctr, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, CAUNESP, Aquaculture Ctr, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-26T19:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-31T13:04:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782015000801492.pdf: 276287 bytes, checksum: 30c9fa6ece09db8c14500adc8533881a (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A avaliação de metodologias adequadas para a determinação da digestibilidade proteica em rã-touro é de grande importância para o entendimento do aproveitamento dos nutrientes. Neste estudo, foram avaliados dois métodos de coleta de fezes, um por dissecação intestinal e outro por decantação de fezes, utilizando-se aquários de coleta de fezes para peixes. Os animais receberam uma ração comercial (45% PB), a qual foi moída e adicionado 0,5% de óxido de crômio III. As rãs permaneceram 48 horas em jejum antes da alimentação forçada (5% do peso vivo das rãs). No método de dissecação, os animais foram sacrificados 36 horas após a alimentação forçada e as fezes coletadas diretamente do intestino grosso. No método de decantação, as fezes foram coletadas assim que apareciam nos tubos fixados na extremidade anterior dos aquários cilíndricos. Verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) nos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta (CDAPB) da ração entre as metodologias testadas, sendo de 74,0% e 76,4%, respectivamente, para o método de dissecação e decantação. Concluiu-se que ambas as metodologias podem ser utilizadas para a determinação da digestibilidade proteica de alimentos para rã-touro Adequate methods for the determination of protein digestibility in bullfrogs are important for the understanding of nutrient utilization. Therefore, this study evaluated two methods of feces collection: intestinal dissection and fecal decantation, using cylindric-conical tanks. Frogs were fed with a commercial diet (45% crude protein) which was ground and supplemented with 0.5% chromium oxide III. The frogs were fasted 48h before force-feeding (5% of the animal's live weight). For the decantation method, the animals were sacrificed 36 h after force-feeding and feces were collected directly from the large intestine. For the sedimentation method, feces were collected when they appeared in the tubes attached to the front end of the cylindric tanks. No significant difference (P>0.05) in the apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein for dietary was observed between the methods tested (74.0% and 76.4% for the dissection and decantation methods, respectively). In conclusion, both methods can be used for the determination of protein digestibility of bullfrog feeds Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária UNESP Centro de Aquicultura Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária UNESP Centro de Aquicultura

O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o desenvolvimento da rã-touro alimentada com quatro rações comerciais (R1 = 42,36% e 4.143 Kcal/Kg; R2 = 41,36% e 4.467 Kcal/kg; R3 = 45,5% e 4.481 Kcal/Kg; R4 = 42,24% e 4.222 Kcal/Kg, respectivamente, de proteína bruta analisada e energia bruta calculada). A quantidade de seiscentas rãs com peso médio inicial variando de 12,6 g a 28 g foram utilizadas para avaliação do desempenho, glicemia, lipídio hepático, índice hepatossomático (IHS) e índice gordurassomático (IGOS), em cinco coletas mensais. O pior desempenho foi observado em rãs alimentadas com a ração R4, apresentando menor ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Provavelmente, esse resultado foi devido ao menor consumo de ração observado e também à qualidade da proteína utilizada. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as rações para conversão alimentar, lipídio hepático e IHS. Também foi observado um maior IGOS nas rãs que receberam R2, com tendência de aumento deste índice com o tempo em todos os tratamentosThis work evaluated the performance of the bullfrog, fed with four commercial rations (R1 = 42.36% and 4,143 Kcal/Kg; R2 = 41.36% and 4,467 Kcal/kg; R3 = 45.5% and 4,481 Kcal/Kg and R4 =42.24% and 4,222 Kcal/Kg respectively of analyzed crude protein and calculated crude energy). Six hundred bullfrogs with initial medium weight, varying from 12.6 to 28.0 g were used for evaluation of development, blood glucose, liver lipid, liver somatic index (LSI) and fatty somatic index (FSI), in five monthly samples. The worst growth was observed in frogs fed with R4, presenting smaller weight gain and food consumption. Probably that result was due to the smallest ration consumption observed in this treatment and also quality of the used protein. No significant differences were observed among the rations for the food conversion, liver lipid and LSI. In addition, a larger FSI was observed in frogs that received R2, with a tendency of increase of this index along the time, in all treatments

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:45:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-06. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:37:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782002000300022.pdf: 59214 bytes, checksum: c62b8ef7d7967d905039ef49f0bc2a47 (MD5) O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da substituição da farinha de peixe por diferentes tipos de silagens de peixe na alimentação de girinos de rã-touro. Foram testadas cinco dietas experimentais: D0-100% de farinha de peixe (FP); D1-50% FP e 50% silagem ácida de resíduo da filetagem de tilápia (RTA); D2-100% RTA; D3- 50% FP e 50% silagem ácida de descarte de peixe inteiro de água doce (ADA) e D4-100% ADA, com quatro repetições por tratamento num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os parâmetros analisados, tanto para desempenho dos girinos como para composição corporal, indicaram que os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando os girinos receberam as dietas D0, D1 ou D3, as quais não diferiram estatisticamente entre si. Estes resultados indicam que a farinha de peixe em dietas para girinos pode ser substituída em até 50% por silagem ácida de resíduo da filetagem de tilápia como por silagem ácida de descarte de peixe inteiro de água doce. The present work aimed at evaluating the effects of replacement of fish silage on the bullfrog tadpoles diet. A total of five diets was tested as follows: D0- 100% fish meal (FM); D1- 50% FM and 50% acid silage obtained from tilapia filleting residue (AFR); D2- 100% AFR; D3- 50% FM and 50% acid silage obtained from whole freshwater fish (AFF) and D4- 100% AFF. All treatments were carried with four replicates and a completely randomized design. The parameters analyzed for both performance and body composition of the tadpoles showed that the best results were obtained with diets D0 , D1, and D3. The results did not differ statistically among themselves, which indicates that fish meal can be replaced, up to 50%, by acid silage from tilapia filleting residue or whole freshwater fish. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:07:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-70542014000600009.pdf: 813111 bytes, checksum: 4ec7156eb434f292cd8ef6120a55dc1c (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O conhecimento do crescimento dos animais é importante para a atividade zootécnica ser mais precisa e sustentável. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o crescimento em peso vivo, dos tecidos hepático e adiposo, da coxa e o consumo alimentar acumulado da rã-touro na engorda, através de ajuste de modelos não lineares. Foram utilizados 2.375 imagos de rã-touro com peso inicial de 7,03±0,16g, os quais foram alojados em cinco baias de engorda com 12 m². Foram realizadas 10 amostragens, a cada 14 dias, para obtenção das variáveis estudadas. Os dados amostrados foram utilizados para estimar os parâmetros dos modelos de Gompertz e Logístico em função do tempo. Os valores estimados de peso (Pm) e consumo à maturidade (Cm) e tempo em que a taxa de crescimento é máxima (t*) dos parâmetros avaliados foram mais próximos do esperado no modelo Logístico. Os valores de Pm para peso vivo, tecido hepático e adiposo, coxas e Cm para consumo alimentar foram 343,7 g; 15,7g; 19.6g; 96,03 e 369,3g, respectivamente, com t* aos 109, 98, 105, 109 e 107 dias, respectivamente. Portanto, o modelo Logístico foi a melhor ferramenta para estimar o crescimento e o consumo alimentar da rã-touro na fase de engorda. Knowledge of the growth of animals is important so that zootechnical activity can be more accurate and sustainable. The objective of this study was to describe the live weight, development of liver tissue and fat body, leg growth, and cumulative food intake of bullfrogs during the fattening phase using nonlinear models. A total of 2,375 bullfrog froglets with an initial weight of 7.03 ± 0.16 g were housed in five fattening pens (12 m2). Ten samplings were performed at intervals of 14 days to obtain the variables studied. These data were used to estimate the parameters of Gompertz and logistic models as a function of time. The estimated values of weight (Wm) and food intake (FIm) at maturity and time when the growth rate is maximum (t*) were closer to expected values when the logistic model was used. The Wm values for live weight and liver, adipose and leg weights and the FIm value for food intake were 343.7, 15.7, 19.6, 96.03 and 369.3 g, respectively, with t* at 109, 98, 105, 109 and 107 days. Therefore, the logistic model was the best model to estimate the growth and food intake of bullfrogs during the fattening phase. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Centro de Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Centro de Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Zootecnia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T13:08:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2013000800014.pdf: 439253 bytes, checksum: d24d366954010b44eb2ac9583be102ae (MD5) O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a deposição de nutrientes na carcaça de girinos de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) por meio de modelo não linear. Foram utilizados 2.700 girinos com peso médio inicial de 0,039 g. Ração comercial farelada com 55% de proteína bruta foi fornecida ad libitum. Os animais foram pesados e avaliados a cada dez dias para análise dos conteúdos de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, água e sais minerais. Os parâmetros do modelo Gompertz foram estimados pelo método de Gauss-Newton modificado, e as taxas de deposição (g por dia) em função do tempo foram calculadas por meio da derivada da equação. Os valores encontrados para os parâmetros da equação de Gompertz, para descrever a deposição dos nutrientes na carcaça de girinos, apresentaram interpretação biológica. A taxa máxima (t*) de deposição foi observada aos 36,2331 dias para proteína, aos 37,1420 dias para água, aos 35,2971 dias para sais minerais, e aos 41,3547 dias para gordura. O consumo de nutrientes da dieta é maior do que a taxa de deposição na carcaça dos girinos. The objective of this work was to determine nutrient deposition on the carcass of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) tadpoles using a nonlinear model. A total of 2,700 tadpoles with an average weight of 0.039 g were used. Commercial ground feed containing 55% crude protein was offered ad libitum. The animals were weighed and evaluated every ten days for analysis of crude protein, ether extract, water, and mineral salt contents. The parameters of the Gompertz model were estimated by the modified Gauss-Newton method, and the deposition rates (g per day) over time were calculated by the resulting equation. The values found for the parameters of the Gompertz equation, used to describe nutrient deposition on tadpole carcass, showed biological interpretation. Maximum deposition rate (t*) was observed on the 36.2331th day for protein, on the 37.1420th day for water, on the 35.2971th day for mineral salt, and on the 41.3547th day for fat. Nutrient intake from the diet is higher than the deposition rate on the tadpole carcass. Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aquicultura Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Obstetrícia e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aquicultura Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Obstetrícia e Reprodução Animal

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:03:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-70542012000400010.pdf: 314680 bytes, checksum: dd3187218d5b4498792748abedfbf0f8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-70542012000400010.pdf: 314680 bytes, checksum: dd3187218d5b4498792748abedfbf0f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:05:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542012000400010.pdf: 314680 bytes, checksum: dd3187218d5b4498792748abedfbf0f8 (MD5) S1413-70542012000400010.pdf.txt: 26511 bytes, checksum: 1f71850b768d670e6b64e1d07c820749 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:16:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542012000400010.pdf: 314680 bytes, checksum: dd3187218d5b4498792748abedfbf0f8 (MD5) S1413-70542012000400010.pdf.txt: 26511 bytes, checksum: 1f71850b768d670e6b64e1d07c820749 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:16:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542012000400010.pdf: 314680 bytes, checksum: dd3187218d5b4498792748abedfbf0f8 (MD5) S1413-70542012000400010.pdf.txt: 26511 bytes, checksum: 1f71850b768d670e6b64e1d07c820749 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Descrever o crescimento animal em modelos não lineares permite uma avaliação criteriosa desse comportamento, além de revelar informações importantes da resposta a um determinado tratamento. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o ajuste do crescimento em peso e comprimento total de girinos de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) em quatro modelos não lineares: Gompertz, Y = A exp (-exp (-b (t-T))); Von Bertalanffy, Y = A (1 - K exp (-B t))³; Logístico, Y = A (1+ K exp (-B t))-1 e Brody, Y=A (1 - K exp (-B t)). Foram utilizados 3.240 girinos, com peso médio inicial de 0,044g e comprimento total médio de 12,79 mm, no estágio 25 de Gosner. Os critérios utilizados para selecionar o modelo que melhor descreveu a curva de crescimento foram: o quadrado médio do resíduo (QMR); o coeficiente de determinação (R²); análise gráfica dos resíduos; desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos (DMA). Os dados apresentados para peso e comprimento total não se ajustaram ao modelo de Brody, assim como o modelo de Von Bertalanffy subestimou os pesos iniciais, mostrando dificuldade de interpretação biológica, indicando que esses modelos não são apropriados para essa espécie na fase aquática. Os modelos de Gompertz e Logístico são adequados para descrever o crescimento e comprimento de girinos de rã-touro em cativeiro. Describing animal growth rate using non-linear models allows a detailed evaluation of growth behavior. Four non-linear models were used to fit weight gain and total length data of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) tadpoles, as follows: Gompertz, Y = A exp (-exp (-b (t-T))); Von Bertalanffy, Y = A (1 - K exp (-B t))³; Logistic, Y = A (1+ K exp (-B t))-1 and Brody, Y=A (1 - K exp (-B t)). We used 3,240 tadpoles, with average initial weight 0.044 g and average total length 12.79 mm, stage 25 Gosner. The measurements were conducted every ten days on 10% of the animals in every tank. The criteria used to select the model that best described the growth curve were: Residual Mean Square (RMS); determination coefficient (R²); residual graphical analysis; residual mean absolute deviation (MAD). Brody mathematical model was not a good fit for weight gain and total length, while Von Bertalanffy model underestimated tadpole initial weight, thus showing the difficulty of mathematical models to describe biological data at this growth stage. However, the Gompertz and Logistic models were considered to be an adequate fitting to describe growth rate and total length of bullfrog tadpoles in captivity. Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Reprodução e Obstetrícia Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aquicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Reprodução e Obstetrícia

The eiects of two probiotics (P1 ^ Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bi¢dobacterium bi¢dum and Enterococcus faecium and P2 ^ Bacillus subtilis) supplemented to commercial feed (40% crude protein) on the haematological and immunological parameters of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus were studied. Two doses of each probiotic (5 and 10 g kg 1 of food) were added to the diets and fed to frogs, totalling ¢ve treatments over112 days. Haematological analyses consisted of total and diierential leucocyte counts, erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin levels and RBC indices (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin ^ and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and the immunological parameters included phagocytic capacity and phagocytic index of peritoneal phagocytes. The results showed that the probiotics did not signi¢cantly in£uence any of the haematological parameters measured. However, immunological assays showed that the probiotics had an immunostimulating eiect. The greatest eiects were seen with probiotic P1 fed at a dose of 10 g kg 1 of diet and probiotic P2 fed at 5 g kg 1 of diet.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:53:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612009000300016.pdf: 190598 bytes, checksum: 6c8378932a7e6e6f358d526d1ce7ab1d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-20612009000300016.pdf: 190598 bytes, checksum: 6c8378932a7e6e6f358d526d1ce7ab1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612009000300016.pdf: 190598 bytes, checksum: 6c8378932a7e6e6f358d526d1ce7ab1d (MD5) S0101-20612009000300016.pdf.txt: 21389 bytes, checksum: 39637ee67ae25614693a05dba5670fe8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:11:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612009000300016.pdf: 190598 bytes, checksum: 6c8378932a7e6e6f358d526d1ce7ab1d (MD5) S0101-20612009000300016.pdf.txt: 21389 bytes, checksum: 39637ee67ae25614693a05dba5670fe8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:11:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-20612009000300016.pdf: 190598 bytes, checksum: 6c8378932a7e6e6f358d526d1ce7ab1d (MD5) S0101-20612009000300016.pdf.txt: 21389 bytes, checksum: 39637ee67ae25614693a05dba5670fe8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-01 Este trabalho avaliou o efeito do alecrim na qualidade da carne de rã (Rana catesbeiana) defumada, por meio da análise das características sensoriais, da composição centesimal e do rendimento. Após o abate e a evisceração, as carcaças foram imersas em solução de salmoura (20%) numa proporção de 2:1 (volume da salmoura/peso). Posteriormente, elas foram banhadas em azeite e defumadas a uma temperatura de 50 a 90 °C. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 2 tratamentos (T1 = Carcaça de rã defumada com alecrim; T2 = Carcaça de rã defumada sem alecrim) com 16 repetições. Na análise estatística, foi utilizado o programa SAEG 2004, com 5% de significância. As carcaças defumadas apresentaram valores médios de proteína bruta (28,39%), lipídios totais (5,13%) e cinzas (2,79%) superiores comparados aos das carcaças in natura (23,41; 2,29 e 0,85%). Não houve efeito significativo do alecrim na composição centesimal. A carcaça de rã defumada com alecrim apresentou melhor aceitação quanto ao aroma. Nas demais características sensoriais, a presença do alecrim não interferiu nos resultados. A carne de rã pode ser defumada com e sem alecrim, sem interferir na aceitabilidade do produto. This work studied the effect of rosemary on the quality of smoked frog meat (Rana catesbeiana) through the analysis of sensory characteristics, centesimal composition, and processing performance. The carcasses were immersed in a solution of brine (20%), in the proportion of 2:1 (volume of brine/weight), soaked in olive oil and smoked at a temperature range from 50 to 90 °C. The experimental delineation was entirely casual with 2 treatments (T1 = frog carcass with rosemary; T2 = frog carcass without rosemary) with 16 repetitions. For the statistical analysis, the SAEG 2004 program, with 5% of significance was used. The smoked carcasses presented medium values of rude protein (28,39%), total lipids (5,13%), and ashes (2,79%) comparatively higher than the values of the in natura carcasses (23,41; 2,29, and 0,85%). The rosemary did not affect the centesimal composition. The frog carcasses smoked with rosemary presented better acceptance concerning aroma. The rosemary did not affect the results of the other sensory characteristics. Frog meat can be smoked with and without rosemary since it does not interfere in the product acceptance. Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Centro de Aqüicultura Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Faculdade de Agronomia Laboratório de Aquacultura Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Departamento de Química Universidade Nacional Autônoma do México Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Mar e Limnologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Centro de Aqüicultura

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de possíveis alterações no fígado, rim e intestino de girinos de rã-touro no estágio 42, alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes concentrações (0,0; 0,2; 0,5; 1,0; e 1,5%) de extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos do Centro de Aqüicultura da UNESP, onde foram utilizados 1.400 girinos no estágio 26, distribuídos em vinte tanques experimentais. No final do experimento (60 dias), foram sacrificados três girinos de cada repetição e retiradas amostras de rim, fígado e intestino para processamento de lâminas histológicas no Laboratório de Histologia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal da FCAV - UNESP. As amostras foram fixadas, desidratadas, coradas com HE, analisadas, fotomicrografadas e medida a espessura do epitélio intestinal. Não foram observadas alterações histológicas no intestino, rins e fígado dos girinos. A espessura do epitélio do intestino dos mesmos não foi influenciada (P>0,05) pelas concentrações de própolis. This research was aimed at verifying the occurrence of possible alterations in liver, kidney and intestine of bullfrog tadpoles in stage 42 fed with diets containing different concentrations (0.0; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%) of propolis hydroalcoholic extract. The experiment was carried out in laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Nutrition from Aquaculture Center of UNESP, where 1,400 tadpoles in stage 26 were used and distributed in twenty experimental aquariums. In the end of experiment (60 days) three tadpoles from each repetition were sacrificed and kidney, liver and intestine samples were collected to processing of histological slices in Histology´s Laboratory pertaining to Department of Morphology and Physiology from FCAV - UNESP. Samples were fixed, dehydrated, stained in HE, analysed, photomicrographed and thickness of intestinal epithelium was measured. Histological disturbances in tadpoles´s intestine, kidneys and liver were not observed. Thickness of intestinal epithelium from the same ones was not influenced (P>0.05) by propolis concentrations.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782006000300035.pdf: 39110 bytes, checksum: ee18bd7ac2dfc07a87bf2a9461628195 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782006000300035.pdf: 39110 bytes, checksum: ee18bd7ac2dfc07a87bf2a9461628195 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782006000300035.pdf: 39110 bytes, checksum: ee18bd7ac2dfc07a87bf2a9461628195 (MD5) S0103-84782006000300035.pdf.txt: 24238 bytes, checksum: af4a56fe08d1256c8eccd8a32c399d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782006000300035.pdf: 39110 bytes, checksum: ee18bd7ac2dfc07a87bf2a9461628195 (MD5) S0103-84782006000300035.pdf.txt: 24238 bytes, checksum: af4a56fe08d1256c8eccd8a32c399d4c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782006000300035.pdf: 39110 bytes, checksum: ee18bd7ac2dfc07a87bf2a9461628195 (MD5) S0103-84782006000300035.pdf.txt: 24238 bytes, checksum: af4a56fe08d1256c8eccd8a32c399d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes metodologias de coleta de fezes para determinação da digestibilidade protéica de alimentos para a rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana). As metodologias estudadas foram o método de coleta total das fezes; o método de coleta parcial das fezes usando indicador; o método de dissecação intestinal e o método por decantação de fezes com indicador, utilizando aquários para ensaios de nutrição com peixes. Os resultados dos CDA PB da ração obtidos para avaliação dos métodos de coleta foram: 62,1%, 65,0%, 61,3% e 70,3%, respectivamente. Todos os métodos de coleta de fezes são adequados para a realização de ensaios de digestibilidade com rãs. The present work had as objective to evaluate different methodologies of feces collection in the determination of the protein digestibility of food feeds for the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). The studied methodologies were: total collection of excrements, partial collection of excrements using indicator, intestinal dissection, and excrement decantation with pointer using aquariums for assays of nutrition with fish. The results for CDA PB obtained in this assay were: 62.1%, 65.0%, 61.3% and 70.3% respectively. All the methods of excrement collection can be executed for determination of protein digestibility in bullfrog. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aqüicultura Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aqüicultura

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782001000500021.pdf: 34905 bytes, checksum: d23c29242149a0dd31774b3682d422e4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782001000500021.pdf: 34905 bytes, checksum: d23c29242149a0dd31774b3682d422e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:56:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782001000500021.pdf: 34905 bytes, checksum: d23c29242149a0dd31774b3682d422e4 (MD5) S0103-84782001000500021.pdf.txt: 13280 bytes, checksum: 565b5103559658901fbe16680a299a39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782001000500021.pdf: 34905 bytes, checksum: d23c29242149a0dd31774b3682d422e4 (MD5) S0103-84782001000500021.pdf.txt: 13280 bytes, checksum: 565b5103559658901fbe16680a299a39 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782001000500021.pdf: 34905 bytes, checksum: d23c29242149a0dd31774b3682d422e4 (MD5) S0103-84782001000500021.pdf.txt: 13280 bytes, checksum: 565b5103559658901fbe16680a299a39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-10-01 O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de vitamina C e E sobre o desenvolvimento e sobrevivência de girinos de rã-touro. Os animais receberam 50, 250 e 500mg de vitamina C ou E/kg de ração, distribuídos segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 repetições cada. Na dieta controle, não foram adicionadas vitaminas. Os girinos suplementados com vitamina C ou E não apresentaram diferença significativa no crescimento, comparados ao controle. Não obstante, os suplementados com 500mg de vitamina C apresentaram melhor sobrevivência (62,83%) do que os animais controle (40,48%; p

O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o efeito das concentrações do hormônio 17-α-metiltestosterona na proporção sexual de larvas de tilápia do Nilo submetidas a diferentes dosagens. No 6° dia DPE (dias pós-eclosão) foram distribuídas 50 larvas de tilápia em 12 aquários experimentais, submetidas a banhos em diferentes dosagens: 1, 3 e 6 mg.L-1, no 6° e 10° DPE. Foram estudados a porcentagem de indivíduos machos e parâmetros zootécnicos como ganho de peso (g), comprimento (mm) e sobrevivência (%). Não houve diferenças significativas para sobrevivência e porcentagem de indivíduos machos. Em relação ao ganho de peso (g) e comprimento (mm), o tratamento contendo 6 mg.L-1 apresentou os melhores valores, diferindo dos demais significativamente ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que, sendo o hormônio metiltestosterona um anabolizante, provavelmente a maior concentração de hormônio na água pode ter agido como promotor de crescimento (ganho de peso e crescimento).