Search

Pediatric early warning systems (PEWS) aid in the early identification of deterioration in hospitalized children with cancer; however, they are under-used in resource-limited settings. The authors use the knowledge-to-action framework to describe the implementation strategy for Proyecto Escala de Valoracion de Alerta Temprana (EVAT), a multicenter quality-improvement collaborative, to scale-up PEWS in pediatric oncology centers in Latin America.Proyecto EVAT mentored participating centers through an adaptable implementation strategy to: (1) monitor clinical deterioration in children with cancer, (2) contextually adapt PEWS, (3) assess barriers to using PEWS, (4) pilot and implement PEWS, (5) monitor the use of PEWS, (6) evaluate outcomes, and (7) sustain PEWS. The implementation outcomes assessed included the quality of PEWS use, the time required for implementation, and global program impact.From April 2017 to October 2021, 36 diverse Proyecto EVAT hospitals from 13 countries in Latin America collectively managing more than 4100 annual new pediatric cancer diagnoses successfully implemented PEWS. The time to complete all program phases varied among centers, averaging 7 months (range, 3-13 months) from PEWS pilot to implementation completion. All centers ultimately implemented PEWS and maintained high-quality PEWS use for up to 18 months after implementation. Across the 36 centers, more than 11,100 clinicians were trained in PEWS, and more than 41,000 pediatric hospital admissions had PEWS used in their care.Evidence-based interventions like PEWS can be successfully scaled-up regionally basis using a systematic approach that includes a collaborative network, an adaptable implementation strategy, and regional mentorship. Lessons learned can guide future programs to promote the widespread adoption of effective interventions and reduce global disparities in childhood cancer outcomes.Pediatric early warning systems (PEWS) are clinical tools used to identify deterioration in hospitalized children with cancer; however, implementation challenges limit their use in resource-limited settings. Proyecto EVAT is a multicenter quality-improvement collaborative to implement PEWS in 36 pediatric oncology centers in Latin America. This is the first multicenter, multinational study reporting a successful implementation strategy (Proyecto EVAT) to regionally scale-up PEWS. The lessons learned from Proyecto EVAT can inform future programs to promote the adoption of clinical interventions to globally improve childhood cancer outcomes.

Background: Philadelphia-like (Ph-like) subtype occurs in 15-20% of children patients diagnosed with precursor B cell (PCB) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is characterized by alterations in kinases and their receptors, affecting signaling pathways such as Jak2-Stat5, class Abl and Ras. It is particularly frequent (35%) in Hispano-Latino high risk PCB-ALL patients, residing in the USA. In Mexico, based on our ethnicity and the poor response to treatment of PCB-ALL pediatric patients, the Ph-like subtype could be frequent. However, this entity is widely variable and the diagnosis is based on genomic methods. In our country the incidence of leukemia is high, 78.1/1,000,000, and 83% of these cases are ALL. Therefore, it is important to detect Ph-like patients using diagnostic methods accessible to Institutions that treat patients with leukemia in our country. Aims: To develop an algorithm adapted to our local capacity for the diagnosis of Ph-like ALL children in Mexico. To determine the frequency of Ph-like patients in two Pediatric Institutions in our country Hypothesis: Ph-like ALL frequency in Mexican children will be higher than that reported in Hispano-Latino PCB-ALL patients. Methods, study design and laboratory studies: Bone marrow samples from 119 PCB-ALL patients (18≤ years old) at diagnosis were studied. Samples were collected at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría and the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez in Mexico City. Patients with recurrent gene fusions, ETV6-RUNX1, TCF3-PBX1,KMT2A-var and BCR-ABL1, were excluded. The Ph-like status of each patient was determined using molecular and biochemical methods. We analyzed a gene expression signature conformed by the genes: CRLF2, TSPN7, IGJ, PON2, SEMA6A and BMPR1B (q-RT-PCR), and detected the P2RY8-CRLF2 deletion (RT-PCR) in all patients. In those patients with overexpression of CRLF2, but negative to P2RY8-CRLF2, the IGH-CRLF2 rearrangement (FISH) was examined. The positive cases to P2RY8-CRLF2, without overexpression of CRLF2, were analyzed looking for minor subclones (FISH) with the deletion. IKZF1 deletions (nested RT-PCR) were analyzed in all patients. The biochemical studies included CRLF2 protein expression, phosphoflow analysis of Jak2-Stat5, class Abl and Ras targets (flow cytometry). All these assays were performed whenever the cell sample allowed it. Patients with two or more of the following characteristics were considered as Ph-like cases: with overexpression of 50% or more of the expression signature, positive to P2RY8-CRLF2 or IGH-CRLF2, alteration of one or more signaling pathways, with IKZF1 deletions. Results: In 50% (n=74) of patients CRLF2 overexpression was detected, within them 15% were positive to P2RY8-CRLF2 deletion, 17% to IGH-CRLF2 rearrangement, and 18% had an unidentified CRLF2 alteration that cause the overexpression. Within the 50% of cases without CRLF2 overexpression, 18% were positive to the P2RY8-CRLF2 rearrangement. IKZF1 deletion was evaluated in 55 patients and 72% were positive. Results obtained revealed a high frequency of CRLF2 and IKZF1. In 68 patients the gene expression profile was evaluated, 60% presented overexpression of 50% or more genes. The biochemical analysis revealed that 67% (n=42) of patients were positive to CRLF2 protein, 29% (n=21) had abnormal Jak2/Stat5 activation, 34% (n=32) presented abnormal Abl activation, and in 43% (n=7) abnormal Ras activation was detected. Not all the CRLF2 protein positive patients presented Jak2-Stat5 pathway activation (2%). Patients with more than one abnormal pathway were detected (18% with Jak2-Stat5/Abl or Abl/Ras, n=21). Based on our algorithm of analysis, 53% of the analyzed patients present genetic and biochemical characteristics of the Ph-like subtype. Conclusions: The combined methods contributed to identify Ph-like patients, the results demonstrate that the frequency of PCB-ALL children with Ph-like characteristics in Mexican patients is higher compared to other populations. This study demonstrates high frequency of CRLF2 alterations and IKZF1 deletions in PCB-ALL in Mexican population. In our experience, analysis of the pathway activation assays and the identification of CRLF2 and IKZF1 alterations are required to detect Ph-like patients. These results could be useful to stratify the childhood PCB-ALL patients in our country. Acknowledgments: CONACYT: PDCPN-2004/248591; Cátedra 2038. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.