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2,529 results on '"Martin, Emily A."'

1. True mass and atmospheric composition of the non-transiting hot Jupiter HD 143105 b

Author

Finnerty, Luke, Xin, Yinzi, Xuan, Jerry W., Inglis, Julie, Fitzgerald, Michael P, Agrawal, Shubh, Baker, Ashley, Blake, Geoffrey A., Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppman, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Horstman, Katelyn, Hsu, Chih-Chun, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Liberman, Joshua, López, Ronald A., Martin, Emily C., Mawet, Dimitri, Morris, Evan, Pezzato-Rovner, Jacklyn, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J. Kent, Wallack, Nicole L., Wang, Jason J., and Wang, Ji

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present Keck/KPIC phase II $K$-band observations of the non-transiting hot Jupiter HD 143105 b. Using a cross-correlation approach, we make the first detection of the planetary atmosphere at $K_p = 185^{+11}_{-13}\rm km\ s^{-1}$ and an inferior conjunction time 2.5 hours before the previously-published ephemeris. The retrieved $K_p$ value, in combination with orbital period, mass of the host star, and lack of transit detection, gives an orbital inclination of $78^{\circ+2}_{-12}$ and a true planet mass of 1.23$\pm0.10\rm\ M_J$. While the equilibrium temperature of HD 143105 b is in the transition regime between non-inverted and inverted atmospheres, our analysis strongly prefers a non-inverted atmosphere. Retrieval analysis indicates the atmosphere of HD 143105 b is cloud-free to approximately 1 bar and dominated by H$_2$O absorption ($\log \rm H_2O_{MMR} = -3.9^{+0.8}_{-0.5}$), placing only an upper limit on the CO abundance ($\log \rm CO_{MMR} < -3.7$ at 95% confidence). We place no constraints on the abundances of Fe, Mg, or $^{13}$CO. From these abundances, we place an upper limit on the carbon-to-oxygen ratio for HD 143105 b, $\rm C/O < 0.2$ at 95% confidence, and find the atmospheric metallicity is approximately $0.1\times$ solar. The low metallicity may be responsible for the lack of a thermal inversion, which at the temperature of HD 143105 b would likely require significant opacity from TiO and/or VO. With these results, HD 143105 b joins the small number of non-transiting hot Jupiters with detected atmospheres., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted in AJ

Published
2024

2. Discovery of the Binarity of Gliese 229B, and Constraints on the System's Properties

Author

Whitebook, Samuel, Brandt, Timothy, Brandt, Gregory Mirek, and Martin, Emily

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present two epochs of radial velocities of the first imaged T dwarf Gliese 229B obtained with Keck/NIRSPEC. The two radial velocities are discrepant with one another, and with the radial velocity of the host star, at $\approx$$11\sigma$ significance. This points to the existence of a previously postulated, but as-yet undetected, massive companion to Gl 229B; we denote the two components as Gl 229Ba and Gl 229Bb. We compute the joint likelihood of the radial velocities to constrain the period and mass of the secondary companion. Our radial velocities are consistent with an orbital period between a few days and $\approx$60 days, and a secondary mass of at least $\approx$15\,$M_{\rm Jup}$ and up to nearly half the total system mass of Gl 229B. With a significant fraction of the system mass in a faint companion, the strong tension between Gl 229B's dynamical mass and the predictions of evolutionary models is resolved., Comment: 7 pages including bibliography, 4 figures, 1 table. Will be published October 16th 11 AM EST in ApJL

Published
2024
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3. RV measurements of directly imaged brown dwarf GQ Lup B to search for exo-satellites

Author

Horstman, Katelyn, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Batygin, Konstantin, Mawet, Dimitri, Baker, Ashley, Hsu, Chih-Chun, Wang, Jason J., Wang, Ji, Blunt, Sarah, Xuan, Jerry W., Xin, Yinzi, Liberman, Joshua, Agrawal, Shubh, Konopacky, Quinn M., Blake, Geoffrey A., O, Clarissa R. Do, Bartos, Randall, Bond, Charlotte Z., Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppmann, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Finnerty, Luke, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Jovanovic, Nemanja, Lopez, Ronald, Martin, Emily C., Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Ruane, Garreth, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J. Kent, Wallack, Nicole L., and Wizinowich, Peter

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

GQ Lup B is one of the few substellar companions with a detected cicumplanetary disk, or CPD. Observations of the CPD suggest the presence of a cavity, possibly formed by an exo-satellite. Using the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC), a high contrast imaging suite that feeds a high resolution spectrograph (1.9-2.5 microns, R$\sim$35,000), we present the first dedicated radial velocity (RV) observations around a high-contrast, directly imaged substellar companion, GQ Lup B, to search for exo-satellites. Over 11 epochs, we find a best and median RV error of 400-1000 m/s, most likely limited by systematic fringing in the spectra due to transmissive optics within KPIC. With this RV precision, KPIC is sensitive to exomoons 0.6-2.8% the mass of GQ Lup B ($\sim 30 M_{\text{Jup}}$) at separations between the Roche limit and $65 R_{\text{Jup}}$, or the extent of the cavity inferred within the CPD detected around GQ Lup B. Using simulations of HISPEC, a high resolution infrared spectrograph planned to debut at W.M. Keck Observatory in 2026, we estimate future exomoon sensitivity to increase by over an order of magnitude, providing sensitivity to less massive satellites potentially formed within the CPD itself. Additionally, we run simulations to estimate the amount of material that different masses of satellites could clear in a CPD to create the observed cavity. We find satellite-to-planet mass ratios of $q > 2 \times 10^{-4}$ can create observable cavities and report a maximum cavity size of $\sim 51 \, R_{\text{Jup}}$ carved from a satellite., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

4. Fringing analysis and forward modeling of Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) spectra

Author

Horstman, Katelyn A., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Wang, Jason J., Hsu, Chih-Chun, Baker, Ashley, Finnerty, Luke, Xuan, Jerry, Echeverri, Daniel, Mawet, Dimitri, Blake, Geoffrey A., Bartos, Randall, Bond, Charlotte Z., Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppmann, Greg, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Jovanovic, Nemanja, Lopez, Ronald, Martin, Emily C., Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Ruane, Garreth, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J. Kent, Wang, Ji, and Wizinowich, Peter

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) combines high contrast imaging with high resolution spectroscopy (R$\sim$35,000 in K band) to study directly imaged exoplanets and brown dwarfs in unprecedented detail. KPIC aims to spectrally characterize substellar companions through measurements of planetary radial velocities, spins, and atmospheric composition. Currently, the dominant source of systematic noise for KPIC is fringing, or oscillations in the spectrum as a function of wavelength. The fringing signal can dominate residuals by up to 10% of the continuum for high S/N exposures, preventing accurate wavelength calibration, retrieval of atmospheric parameters, and detection of planets with flux ratios less than 1% of the host star. To combat contamination from fringing, we first identify its three unique sources and adopt a physically informed model of Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavities to apply to post-processed data. We find this strategy can effectively model the fringing in observations of A0V/F0V stars, reducing the residual systematics caused by fringing by a factor of 2. Next, we wedge two of the transmissive optics internal to KPIC to eliminate two sources of fringing and confirm the third source as the entrance window to the spectrograph. Finally, we apply our previous model of the Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavity to new data taken with the wedged optics to reduce the amplitude of the residuals by a factor of 10., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024
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5. Global weather map reveals persistent top-of-atmosphere features on the nearest brown dwarfs

Author

Chen, Xueqing, Biller, Beth A., Vos, Johanna M., Crossfield, Ian J. M., Mace, Gregory N., Hood, Callie E., Tan, Xianyu, Allers, Katelyn N., Martin, Emily C., Bubb, Emma, Fortney, Jonathan J., Morley, Caroline V., and Hammond, Mark

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Brown dwarfs and planetary-mass companions display rotationally modulated photometric variability, especially those near the L/T transition. This variability is commonly attributed to top-of-atmosphere (TOA) inhomogeneities, with proposed models including patchy thick and thin clouds, planetary-scale jets, or chemical disequilibrium. Surface mapping techniques are powerful tools to probe their atmospheric structures and distinguish between models. One of the most successful methods for stellar surface mapping is Doppler imaging, where the existence of TOA inhomogeneities can be inferred from their varying Doppler shifts across the face of a rotating star. We applied Doppler imaging to the nearest brown dwarf binary WISE 1049AB (aka Luhman 16AB) using time-resolved, high-resolution spectroscopic observations from Gemini IGRINS, and obtained for the first time H and K band simultaneous global weather map for brown dwarfs. Compared to the only previous Doppler map for a brown dwarf in 2014 featuring a predominant mid-latitude cold spot on WISE 1049B and no feature on WISE 1049A, our observations detected persistent spot-like structures on WISE 1049B in the equatorial to mid-latitude regions on two nights, and revealed new polar spots on WISE 1049A. Our results suggest stability of atmospheric features over timescale of days and possible long-term stable or recurring structures. H and K band maps displayed similar structures in and out of CO bands, indicating the cold spots not solely due to chemical hotspots but must involve clouds. Upcoming 30-m extremely large telescopes (ELTs) will enable more sensitive Doppler imaging of dozens of brown dwarfs and even a small number of directly-imaged exoplanets., Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2024
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6. kappa And b is a fast rotator from KPIC High Resolution Spectroscopy

Author

Morris, Evan C., Wang, Jason J., Hsu, Chih-Chun, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Xuan, Jerry W., Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Hood, Callie, Bryan, Marta L., Martin, Emily C., Pezzato, Jacklyn, Mawet, Dimitri, Skemer, Andrew, Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Doppmann, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Finnerty, Luke, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Jovanovic, Nemanja, Liberman, Joshua, Lopez, Ronald, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Wallace, J. Kent, and Wang, Ji

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We used the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) to obtain high-resolution (R$\sim$35,000) K-band spectra of kappa Andromedae b, a planetary-mass companion orbiting the B9V star, kappa Andromedae A. We characterized its spin, radial velocity, and bulk atmospheric parameters through use of a forward modeling framework to jointly fit planetary spectra and residual starlight speckles, obtaining likelihood-based posterior probabilities. We also detected H$_{2}$O and CO in its atmosphere via cross correlation. We measured a $v\sin(i)$ value for kappa And b of $38.42\pm{0.05}$ km/s, allowing us to extend our understanding of the population of close in bound companions at higher rotation rates. This rotation rate is one of the highest spins relative to breakup velocity measured to date, at close to $50\%$ of breakup velocity. We identify a radial velocity $-17.35_{-0.09}^{+0.05}$ km/s, which we use with existing astrometry and RV measurements to update the orbital fit. We also measure an effective temperature of $1700\pm{100}$ K and a $\log(g)$ of $4.7\pm{0.5}$ cgs dex., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2024

8. Validation of elemental and isotopic abundances in late-M spectral types with the benchmark HIP 55507 AB system

Author

Xuan, Jerry W., Wang, Jason J., Finnerty, Luke, Horstman, Katelyn, Grimm, Simon, Peck, Anne, Nielsen, Eric L., Knutson, Heather A., Mawet, Dimitri, Isaacson, Howard, Howard, Andrew W., Liu, Michael C., Walker, Sam, Phillips, Mark, Blake, Geoffrey, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Zhang, Yapeng, Inglis, Julie, Wallack, Nicole L., Sanghi, Aniket, Gonzales, Erica, Dai, Fei, Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Bond, Charlotte, Bryan, Marta L., Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppmann, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Jovanovic, Nemanja, Liberman, Joshua, López, Ronald A., Martin, Emily C., Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Ruane, Garreth, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, James K., Wang, Ji, Wizinowich, Peter, Xin, Yinzi, Agrawal, Shubh, Ó, Clarissa R. Do, Hsu, Chih-Chun, and Phillips, Caprice

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

M dwarfs are common host stars to exoplanets but often lack atmospheric abundance measurements. Late-M dwarfs are also good analogs to the youngest substellar companions, which share similar $T_{\rm eff}\sim2300-2800~K$. We present atmospheric analyses for the M7.5 companion HIP 55507 B and its K6V primary star with Keck/KPIC high-resolution ($R\sim35,000$) $K$ band spectroscopy. First, by including KPIC relative radial velocities between the primary and secondary in the orbit fit, we improve the dynamical mass precision by 60% and find $M_B=88.0_{-3.2}^{+3.4}$ $M_{\rm Jup}$, putting HIP 55507 B above the stellar-substellar boundary. We also find that HIP 55507 B orbits its K6V primary star with $a=38^{+4}_{-3}$ AU and $e=0.40\pm0.04$. From atmospheric retrievals of HIP 55507 B, we measure $\rm [C/H]=0.24\pm0.13$, $\rm [O/H]=0.15\pm0.13$, and $\rm C/O=0.67\pm0.04$. Moreover, we strongly detect $\rm ^{13}CO$ ($7.8\sigma$ significance) and tentatively detect $\rm H_2^{18}O$ ($3.7\sigma$ significance) in companion's atmosphere, and measure $\rm ^{12}CO/^{13}CO=98_{-22}^{+28}$ and $\rm H_2^{16}O/H_2^{18}O=240_{-80}^{+145}$ after accounting for systematic errors. From a simplified retrieval analysis of HIP 55507 A, we measure $\rm ^{12}CO/^{13}CO=79_{-16}^{+21}$ and $\rm C^{16}O/C^{18}O=288_{-70}^{+125}$ for the primary star. These results demonstrate that HIP 55507 A and B have consistent $\rm ^{12} C/^{13}C$ and $\rm ^{16}O/^{18}O$ to the $<1\sigma$ level, as expected for a chemically homogeneous binary system. Given the similar flux ratios and separations between HIP 55507 AB and systems with young, substellar companions, our results open the door to systematically measuring $\rm ^{13}CO$ and $\rm H_2^{18}O$ abundances in the atmospheres of substellar or even planetary-mass companions with similar spectral types., Comment: Accepted to ApJ, 28 pages, 14 figures

Published
2023

9. Atmospheric metallicity and C/O of HD 189733 b from high-resolution spectroscopy

Author

Finnerty, Luke, Xuan, Jerry W., Xin, Yinzi, Liberman, Joshua, Schofield, Tobias, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Agrawal, Shubh, Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Blake, Geoffrey A., Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppman, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Hsu, Chih-Chun, Jovanovic, Nemanja, López, Ronald A., Martin, Emily C., Mawet, Dimitri, Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Sappey, Ben, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J. Kent, Wallack, Nicole L., Wang, Jason J., and Wang, Ji

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present high-resolution $K$-band emission spectra of the quintessential hot Jupiter HD 189733 b from the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC). Using a Bayesian retrieval framework, we fit the dayside pressure-temperature profile, orbital kinematics, mass-mixing ratios of H$_2$O, CO, CH$_4$, NH$_3$, HCN, and H$_2$S, and the $\rm ^{13}CO/^{12}CO$ ratio. We measure mass fractions of $\rm \log H_2O = -2.0^{+0.4}_{-0.4}$ and $\rm \log CO = -2.2^{+0.5}_{-0.5}$, and place upper limits on the remaining species. Notably, we find $\rm \log CH_4 < -4.5$ at 99\% confidence, despite its anticipated presence at the equilibrium temperature of HD 189733 b assuming local thermal equilibrium. We make a tentative ($\sim3\sigma$) detection of $\rm ^{13}CO$, and the retrieved posteriors suggest a $\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C$ ratio similar to or substantially less than the local interstellar value. The possible $\rm ^{13}C$ enrichment would be consistent with accretion of fractionated material in ices or in the protoplanetary disk midplane. The retrieved abundances correspond to a substantially sub-stellar atmospheric $\rm C/O = 0.3\pm0.1$, while the carbon and oxygen abundances are stellar to slightly super-stellar, consistent with core-accretion models which predict an inverse correlation between C/O and metallicity. The specific combination of low C/O and high metallicity suggests significant accretion of solid material may have occurred late in the formation process of HD 189733 b., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted in AJ

Published
2023

12. Keck/KPIC Emission Spectroscopy of WASP-33b

Author

Finnerty, Luke, Schofield, Tobias, Sappey, Ben, Xuan, Jerry W., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Wang, Jason J., Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Blake, Geoffrey A., Buzard, Cam, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Bond, Charlotte Z., Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Doppmann, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Liberman, Joshua, Lopez, Ronald A., Martin, Emily C., Mawet, Dimitri, Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Phillips, Caprice L., Ragland, Sam, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J. Kent, Wallack, Nicole L., Wang, Ji, and Wizinowich, Peter

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present Keck/KPIC high-resolution ($R\sim35,000$) $K$-band thermal emission spectroscopy of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b. The use of KPIC's single-mode fibers greatly improves both blaze and line-spread stabilities relative to slit spectrographs, enhancing the cross-correlation detection strength. We retrieve the dayside emission spectrum with a nested sampling pipeline which fits for orbital parameters, the atmospheric pressure-temperature profile, and molecular abundances.We strongly detect the thermally-inverted dayside and measure mass-mixing ratios for CO ($\log\rm CO_{MMR} = -1.1^{+0.4}_{-0.6}$), H$_2$O ($\log\rm H_2O_{MMR} = -4.1^{+0.7}_{-0.9}$) and OH ($\log\rm OH_{MMR} = -2.1^{+0.5}_{-1.1}$), suggesting near-complete dayside photodissociation of H$_2$O. The retrieved abundances suggest a carbon- and possibly metal-enriched atmosphere, with a gas-phase C/O ratio of $0.8^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$, consistent with the accretion of high-metallicity gas near the CO$_2$ snow line and post-disk migration or with accretion between the soot and H$_2$O snow lines. We also find tentative evidence for $\rm ^{12}CO/^{13}CO \sim 50$, consistent with values expected in protoplanetary disks, as well as tentative evidence for a metal-enriched atmosphere (2--15$\times$ solar). These observations demonstrate KPIC's ability to characterize close-in planets and the utility of KPIC's improved instrumental stability for cross-correlation techniques., Comment: Accepted in AJ, 26 pages, 12 figures

Published
2023
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14. EMC3 regulates trafficking and pulmonary toxicity of the [SFTPC.sup.I73T] mutation associated with interstitial lung disease

Author

Tang, Xiaofang, Wei, Wei, Sun, Yuqing, Weaver, Timothy E., Nakayasu, Ernesto S., Clair, Geremy, Snowball, John M., Na, Cheng-Lun, Apsley, Karen S., Martin, Emily P., Kotton, Darrell N., Alysandratos, Konstantinos-Dionysios, Huo, Jiuzhou, Molkentin, Jeffery D., Gower, William A., Lin, Xinhua, and Whitsett, Jeffrey A.

Subjects
Endoplasmic reticulum -- Health aspects -- Physiological aspects, Mass spectrometry -- Methods, Lung diseases, Interstitial -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

The most common mutation in surfactant protein C gene (SFTPC), [SFTPC.sup.I73T], causes interstitial lung disease with few therapeutic options. We previously demonstrated that EMC3, an important component of the multiprotein endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex (EMC), is required for surfactant homeostasis in alveolar type 2 epithelial (AT2) cells at birth. In the present study, we investigated the role of EMC3 in the control of [SFTPC.sup.I73T] metabolism and its associated alveolar dysfunction. Using a knock-in mouse model phenocopying the I73T mutation, we demonstrated that conditional deletion of Emc3 in AT2 cells rescued alveolar remodeling/simplification defects in neonatal and adult mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that Emc3 depletion reversed the disruption of vesicle trafficking pathways and rescued the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with I73T mutation. Affinity purification-mass spectrometry analysis identified potential EMC3 interacting proteins in lung AT2 cells, including valosin containing protein (VCP) and its interactors. Treatment of [Sftpc.sup.I73T] knock-in mice and [SFTPC.sup.I73T]-expressing iAT2 cells derived from [SFTPC.sup.I73T] patient-specific iPSCs with the VCP inhibitor CB5083 restored alveolar structure and [SFTPC.sup.I73T] trafficking, respectively. Taken together, the present work identifies the EMC complex and VCP in the metabolism of the disease-associated [SFTPC.sup.I73T] mutant, providing therapeutical targets for [SFTPC.sup.I73T]-associated interstitial lung disease., Introduction Pulmonary surfactant lipids and proteins, synthesized and secreted by alveolar type 2 epithelial (AT2) cells, are required for the adaptation to air breathing during evolution (1). The gene encoding [...]

Published
2024
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15. Total and Subgenomic RNA Viral Load in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variants.

Author

Dimcheff, Derek, Blair, Christopher, Zhu, Yuwei, Chappell, James, Gaglani, Manjusha, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Steingrub, Jay, Shapiro, Nathan, Duggal, Abhijit, Busse, Laurence, Frosch, Anne, Peltan, Ithan, Hager, David, Gong, Michelle, Exline, Matthew, Khan, Akram, Wilson, Jennifer, Qadir, Nida, Ginde, Adit, Douin, David, Mohr, Nicholas, Mallow, Christopher, Martin, Emily, Johnson, Nicholas, Casey, Jonathan, Stubblefield, William, Gibbs, Kevin, Kwon, Jennie, Talbot, H, Halasa, Natasha, Grijalva, Carlos, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey, Hart, Kimberly, Swan, Sydney, Surie, Diya, Thornburg, Natalie, McMorrow, Meredith, Self, Wesley, and Lauring, Adam

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, subgenomic RNA, variants of concern, viral load, Adult, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Subgenomic RNA, COVID-19, Viral Load, RNA, RNA, Viral
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic and subgenomic RNA levels are frequently used as a correlate of infectiousness. The impact of host factors and SARS-CoV-2 lineage on RNA viral load is unclear. METHODS: Total nucleocapsid (N) and subgenomic N (sgN) RNA levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in specimens from 3204 individuals hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at 21 hospitals. RT-qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values were used to estimate RNA viral load. The impact of time of sampling, SARS-CoV-2 variant, age, comorbidities, vaccination, and immune status on N and sgN Ct values were evaluated using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Mean Ct values at presentation for N were 24.14 (SD 4.53) for non-variants of concern, 25.15 (SD 4.33) for Alpha, 25.31 (SD 4.50) for Delta, and 26.26 (SD 4.42) for Omicron. N and sgN RNA levels varied with time since symptom onset and infecting variant but not with age, comorbidity, immune status, or vaccination. When normalized to total N RNA, sgN levels were similar across all variants. CONCLUSIONS: RNA viral loads were similar among hospitalized adults, irrespective of infecting variant and known risk factors for severe COVID-19. Total N and subgenomic RNA N viral loads were highly correlated, suggesting that subgenomic RNA measurements add little information for the purposes of estimating infectivity.

Published
2023

16. Detecting exomoons from radial velocity measurements of self-luminous planets: application to observations of HR 7672 B and future prospects

Author

Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Horstman, Katelyn, Mawet, Dimitri, Rosenthal, Lee J., Batygin, Konstantin, Wang, Jason J., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell, Wang, Ji, Fulton, Benjamin J., Konopacky, Quinn M., Agrawal, Shubh, Hirsch, Lea A., Howard, Andrew W., Blunt, Sarah, Nielsen, Eric, Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Bond, Charlotte Z., Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppmann, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Finnerty, Luke, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Jovanovic, Nemanja, López, Ronald, Martin, Emily C., Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Ruane, Garreth, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J. Kent, Wallack, Nicole L., Wizinowich, Peter, and Xuan, Jerry W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The detection of satellites around extrasolar planets, so called exomoons, remains a largely unexplored territory. In this work, we study the potential of detecting these elusive objects from radial velocity monitoring of self-luminous directly imaged planets. This technique is now possible thanks to the development of dedicated instruments combining the power of high-resolution spectroscopy and high-contrast imaging. First, we demonstrate a sensitivity to satellites with a mass ratio of 1-4% at separations similar to the Galilean moons from observations of a brown-dwarf companion (HR 7672 B; Kmag=13; 0.7" separation) with the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC; R~35,000 in K band) at the W. M. Keck Observatory. Current instrumentation is therefore already sensitive to large unresolved satellites that could be forming from gravitational instability akin to binary star formation. Using end-to-end simulations, we then estimate that future instruments such as MODHIS, planned for the Thirty Meter Telescope, should be sensitive to satellites with mass ratios of ~1e-4. Such small moons would likely form in a circumplanetary disk similar to the Jovian satellites in the solar system. Looking for the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect could also be an interesting pathway to detecting the smallest moons on short orbital periods. Future exomoon discoveries will allow precise mass measurements of the substellar companions that they orbit and provide key insight into the formation of exoplanets. They would also help constrain the population of habitable Earth-sized moons orbiting gas giants in the habitable zone of their stars., Comment: Accepted to AJ (Jan 10, 2023)

Published
2023
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17. Discovery of a resolved white dwarf-brown dwarf binary with a small projected separation: SDSS J222551.65+001637.7AB

Author

French, Jenni R., Casewell, Sarah L., Dupuy, Trent J., Debes, John H., Manjavacas, Elena, Martin, Emily C., and Xu, Siyi

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the confirmation of SDSS J222551.65+001637.7AB as a closely separated, resolved, white dwarf-brown dwarf binary. We have obtained spectroscopy from GNIRS and seeing-limited $K_s$-band imaging from NIRI on Gemini North. The target is spatially resolved into its constituent components: a 10926$ \pm$ 246 K white dwarf, with log $g = 8.214 \pm 0.168$ and a mass of 0.66$^{+0.11}_{-0.06}$ M$_{\odot}$, and an L4 brown dwarf companion, which are separated by $0.9498 \pm 0.0022$". We derive the fundamental properties of the companion from the Sonora-Bobcat evolutionary models, finding a mass of $25-53$ M$_{\text{Jup}}$ and a radius of $0.101-0.128$ R$_{\odot}$ for the brown dwarf, at a confidence level of 1$\sigma$. We use wdwarfdate to determine the age of the binary as $1.97^{+4.41}_{-0.76}$ Gyr. A kinematic analysis shows that this binary is likely a member of the thick disc. The distance to the binary is 218$^{+14}_{-13}$ pc, and hence the projected separation of the binary is 207$^{+13}_{-12}$ AU. Whilst the white dwarf progenitor was on the main sequence the binary separation would have been $69 \pm 5$ AU. SDSS J222551.65+001637.7AB is the third closest spatially resolved white dwarf-brown dwarf binary after GD 165AB and PHL 5038AB., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2023
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18. Ecological filtering shapes the impacts of agricultural deforestation on biodiversity

Author

Hua, Fangyuan, Wang, Weiyi, Nakagawa, Shinichi, Liu, Shuangqi, Miao, Xinran, Yu, Le, Du, Zhenrong, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Arias-Sosa, Luis Alejandro, Buda, Kinga, Budka, Michał, Carrière, Stéphanie M., Chandler, Richard B., Chiatante, Gianpasquale, Chiawo, David O., Cresswell, Will, Echeverri, Alejandra, Goodale, Eben, Huang, Guohualing, Hulme, Mark F., Hutto, Richard L., Imboma, Titus S., Jarrett, Crinan, Jiang, Zhigang, Kati, Vassiliki I., King, David I., Kmecl, Primož, Li, Na, Lövei, Gábor L., Macchi, Leandro, MacGregor-Fors, Ian, Martin, Emily A., Mira, António, Morelli, Federico, Ortega-Álvarez, Rubén, Quan, Rui-Chang, Salgueiro, Pedro A., Santos, Sara M., Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Socolar, Jacob B., Soh, Malcolm C. K., Sreekar, Rachakonda, Srinivasan, Umesh, Wilcove, David S., Yamaura, Yuichi, Zhou, Liping, and Elsen, Paul R.

Published
2024
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21. Phase II of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer: system-level laboratory characterization and preliminary on-sky commissioning

Author

Echeverri, Daniel, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Xin, Yinzi, Schofield, Tobias, Finnerty, Luke, Wang, Jason J., Xuan, Jerry, Mawet, Dimitri, Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Bond, Charlotte Z., Bryan, Marta L., Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Doppmann, Greg, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Fucik, Jason, Horstman, Katelyn, Lopez, Ronald, Martin, Emily C., Martin, Stefan, Mennesson, Bertrand, Morris, Evan, Nash, Reston, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Porter, Michael, Ragland, Sam, Roberts, Mitsuko, Ruane, Garreth, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Sappey, Ben, Serabyn, Eugene, Skemer, Andrew, Valenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J. Kent, Wang, Ji, and Wizinowich, Peter

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is a series of upgrades for the Keck II Adaptive Optics (AO) system and the NIRSPEC spectrograph to enable diffraction-limited, high-resolution ($R>30,000$) spectroscopy of exoplanets and low-mass companions in the K and L bands. Phase I consisted of single-mode fiber injection/extraction units (FIU/FEU) used in conjunction with an H-band pyramid wavefront sensor. Phase II, deployed and commissioned in 2022, adds a 1000-actuator deformable mirror, beam-shaping optics, a vortex coronagraph, and other upgrades to the FIU/FEU. The use of single-mode fibers provides a gain in stellar rejection, a substantial reduction in sky background, and an extremely stable line-spread function on the spectrograph. In this paper we present the results of extensive system-level laboratory testing and characterization showing the instrument's Phase II throughput, stability, repeatability, and other key performance metrics prior to delivery and during installation at Keck. We also demonstrate the capabilities of the various observing modes enabled by the new system modules using internal test light sources. Finally, we show preliminary results of on-sky tests performed in the first few months of Phase II commissioning along with the next steps for the instrument. Once commissioning of Phase II is complete, KPIC will continue to characterize exoplanets at an unprecedented spectral resolution, thereby growing its already successful track record of 23 detected exoplanets and brown dwarfs from Phase I. Using the new vortex fiber nulling (VFN) mode, Phase II will also be able to search for exoplanets at small angular separations less than 45 milliarcseconds which conventional coronagraphs cannot reach., Comment: 13 pages; 6 figures; to appear in Proceedings of the SPIE, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IX, Vol. 12184

Published
2022
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22. A Search for Predicted Astrometric Microlensing Events by Nearby Brown Dwarfs

Author

Luberto, Judah, Martin, Emily C., McGill, Peter, Leauthaud, Alexie, Skemer, Andrew J., and Lu, Jessica R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Gravitational microlensing has the potential to provide direct gravitational masses of single, free-floating brown dwarfs, independent of evolutionary and atmospheric models. The proper motions and parallaxes of nearby brown dwarfs can be used to predict close future alignments with distant background stars that cause a microlensing event. Targeted astrometric follow up of the predicted microlensing events permits the brown dwarf's mass to be measured. Predicted microlensing events are typically found via searching for a peak threshold signal using an estimate of the lens mass. We develop a novel method that finds predicted events that instead will lead to a target lens mass precision. The main advantage of our method is that it does not require a lens mass estimate. We use this method to search for predicted astrometric microlensing events occurring between 2014 - 2032 using a catalog of 1225 low mass star and brown dwarf lenses in the Solar Neighborhood of spectral type M6 or later and a background source catalog from DECaLS Data Release 9. The background source catalog extends to $g = $ 23.95, providing a more dense catalog compared to Gaia. Our search did not reveal any upcoming microlensing events. We estimate the rate of astrometric microlensing event for brown dwarfs in the Legacy Survey and find it to be low $\sim10^{-5}$yr$^{-1}$. We recommend carrying out targeted searches for brown dwarfs in front of the Galactic Bulge and Plane to find astrometric microlensing events that will allow the masses of single, free-floating brown dwarfs to be measured., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, Accepted to AJ

Published
2022
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23. Retrieving C and O Abundance of HR 8799 c by Combining High- and Low-Resolution Data

Author

Wang, Ji, Wang, Jason J., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Blake, Geoffrey A., Mawet, Dimitri, Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Bond, Charlotte Z., Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppmann, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Finnerty, Luke, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Jovanovic, Nemanja, Lopez, Ronald, Martin, Emily C., Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Ragland, Sam, Ruane, Garreth, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J. Kent, Wizinowich, Peter, Xuan, Jerry W., Bryan, Marta L., Roy, Arpita, and Wallack, Nicole L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The formation and evolution pathway for the directly-imaged multi-planetary system HR 8799 remains mysterious. Accurate constraints on the chemical composition of the planetary atmosphere(s) are key to solving the mystery. We perform a detailed atmospheric retrieval on HR 8799~c to infer the chemical abundances and abundance ratios using a combination of photometric data along with low- and high-resolution spectroscopic data (R$\sim$20-35,000). We specifically retrieve [C/H], [O/H], and C/O and find them to be 0.55$^{+0.36}_{-0.39}$, 0.47$^{+0.31}_{-0.32}$, and 0.67$^{+0.12}_{-0.15}$ at 68\% confidence. The super-stellar C and O abundances, yet a stellar C/O ratio, reveal a potential formation pathway for HR 8799~c. Planet c, and likely the other gas giant planets in the system, formed early on (likely within $\sim$1 Myr), followed by further atmospheric enrichment in C and O through the accretion of solids beyond the CO iceline. The enrichment either preceded or took place during the early phase of the inward migration to the planet current locations., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted to AAS journals

Published
2022
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24. Design of SCALES: A 2-5 Micron Coronagraphic Integral Field Spectrograph for Keck Observatory

Author

Skemer, Andrew, Stelter, R. Deno, Sallum, Stephanie, MacDonald, Nicholas, Kupke, Renate, Ratliffe, Christopher, Banyal, Ravinder, Hasan, Amirul, Varshney, Hari Mohan, Surya, Arun, Prakash, Ajin, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Sethuraman, Ramya, V., Govinda K., Fitzgerald, Michael P., Wang, Eric, Kassis, Marc, Absil, Olivier, Alvarez, Carlos, Batalha, Natasha, Boucher, Marc-Andre, Bourgenot, Cyril, Brandt, Timothy, Briesemeister, Zackery, de Kleer, Katherine, de Pater, Imke, Deich, William, Divakar, Devika, Filion, Guillaume, Gauvin, Etienne, Gonzales, Michael, Greene, Thomas, Hinz, Philip, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Johnson, Christopher, Kain, Isabel, Kruglikov, Gabriel, Lach, Mackenzie, Landry, Jean-Thomas, Li, Jialin, Liu, Michael C., Lyke, James, Magnone, Kenneth, Marin, Eduardo, Martin, Emily C., Martinez, Raquel A., Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Sandford, Dale, Sheehan, Patrick, Sohn, Ji Man, and Stone, Jordan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the design of SCALES (Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy) a new 2-5 micron coronagraphic integral field spectrograph under construction for Keck Observatory. SCALES enables low-resolution (R~50) spectroscopy, as well as medium-resolution (R~4,000) spectroscopy with the goal of discovering and characterizing cold exoplanets that are brightest in the thermal infrared. Additionally, SCALES has a 12x12" field-of-view imager that will be used for general adaptive optics science at Keck. We present SCALES's specifications, its science case, its overall design, and simulations of its expected performance. Additionally, we present progress on procuring, fabricating and testing long lead-time components., Comment: 19 pages, 12 Figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, (#12184-18), 2022, Montreal, Canada

Published
2022

25. A Clear View of a Cloudy Brown Dwarf Companion from High-Resolution Spectroscopy

Author

Xuan, Jerry W., Wang, Jason, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Knutson, Heather, Mawet, Dimitri, Mollière, Paul, Kolecki, Jared, Vigan, Arthur, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Wallack, Nicole, Wang, Ji, Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Blake, Geoffrey A., Bond, Charlotte Z., Bryan, Marta, Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Chun, Mark, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppmann, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Finnerty, Luke, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Horstman, Katelyn, Inglis, Julie, Jovanovic, Nemanja, López, Ronald, Martin, Emily, Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Ragland, Sam, Ren, Bin, Ruane, Garreth, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J. Kent, and Wizinowich, Peter

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Direct imaging studies have mainly used low-resolution spectroscopy ($R\sim20-100$) to study the atmospheres of giant exoplanets and brown dwarf companions, but the presence of clouds has often led to degeneracies in the retrieved atmospheric abundances (e.g. C/O, metallicity). This precludes clear insights into the formation mechanisms of these companions. The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) uses adaptive optics and single-mode fibers to transport light into NIRSPEC ($R\sim35,000$ in $K$ band), and aims to address these challenges with high-resolution spectroscopy. Using an atmospheric retrieval framework based on petitRADTRANS, we analyze KPIC high-resolution spectrum ($2.29-2.49~\mu$m) and archival low-resolution spectrum ($1-2.2~\mu$m) of the benchmark brown dwarf HD 4747 B ($m=67.2\pm1.8~M_{\rm{Jup}}$, $a=10.0\pm0.2$ au, $T_{\rm eff}\approx1400$ K). We find that our measured C/O and metallicity for the companion from the KPIC high-resolution spectrum agree with that of its host star within $1-2\sigma$. The retrieved parameters from the $K$ band high-resolution spectrum are also independent of our choice of cloud model. In contrast, the retrieved parameters from the low-resolution spectrum are highly sensitive to our chosen cloud model. Finally, we detect CO, H$_2$O, and CH$_4$ (volume mixing ratio of log(CH$_4$)=$-4.82\pm0.23$) in this L/T transition companion with the KPIC data. The relative molecular abundances allow us to constrain the degree of chemical disequilibrium in the atmosphere of HD 4747 B, and infer a vertical diffusion coefficient that is at the upper limit predicted from mixing length theory., Comment: 33 pages, 16 figures, Accepted to ApJ

Published
2022
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26. Protection of mRNA vaccines against hospitalized COVID-19 in adults over the first year following authorization in the United States

Author

Tenforde, Mark W, Self, Wesley H, Zhu, Yuwei, Naioti, Eric A, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Jensen, Kelly, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, ten Lohuis, Caitlin, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Botros, Mena M, Lauring, Adam S, Shapiro, Nathan I, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Rhoads, Jillian P, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Turbyfill, Caitlin, Olson, Samantha, Murray, Nancy, Adams, Katherine, and Patel, Manish M

Subjects
Clinical Research, Prevention, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Middle Aged, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Hospitalization, mRNA Vaccines, RNA, Messenger, SARS-CoV-2, United States, Aged, duration of protection, waning, vaccine effectiveness, mRNA, Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were authorized in the United States in December 2020. Although vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild infection declines markedly after several months, limited understanding exists on the long-term durability of protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization.MethodsCase-control analysis of adults (≥18 years) hospitalized at 21 hospitals in 18 states 11 March-15 December 2021, including COVID-19 case patients and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-negative controls. We included adults who were unvaccinated or vaccinated with 2 doses of a mRNA vaccine before the date of illness onset. VE over time was assessed using logistic regression comparing odds of vaccination in cases versus controls, adjusting for confounders. Models included dichotomous time (

Published
2023

28. Assessment and mitigation of bias in influenza and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness analyses — IVY Network, September 1, 2022–March 30, 2023

Author

Lewis, Nathaniel M., Harker, Elizabeth J., Leis, Aleda, Zhu, Yuwei, Talbot, H. Keipp, Grijalva, Carlos G., Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D., Johnson, Cassandra A., Rice, Todd W., Casey, Jonathan D., Lauring, Adam S., Gaglani, Manjusha, Ghamande, Shekhar, Columbus, Cristie, Steingrub, Jay S., Shapiro, Nathan I., Duggal, Abhijit, Felzer, Jamie, Prekker, Matthew E., Peltan, Ithan D., Brown, Samuel M., Hager, David N., Gong, Michelle N., Mohamed, Amira, Exline, Matthew C., Khan, Akram, Wilson, Jennifer G., Mosier, Jarrod, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y., Ginde, Adit A., Mohr, Nicholas M., Mallow, Christopher, Harris, Estelle S., Johnson, Nicholas J., Srinivasan, Vasisht, Gibbs, Kevin W., Kwon, Jennie H., Vaughn, Ivana A., Ramesh, Mayur, Safdar, Basmah, DeCuir, Jennifer, Surie, Diya, Dawood, Fatimah S., Ellington, Sascha, Self, Wesley H., and Martin, Emily T.

Published
2025
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30. Absolute and Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of Primary and Booster Series of COVID-19 Vaccines (mRNA and Adenovirus Vector) Against COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States, December 2021–April 2022

Author

Lewis, Nathaniel M, Murray, Nancy, Adams, Katherine, Surie, Diya, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Ali, Harith, Prekker, Matthew E, Frosch, Anne E, Exline, Matthew C, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Lauring, Adam S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, Bender, William, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Chappell, James D, Halasa, Natasha, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Rhoads, Jillian P, McMorrow, Meredith L, Tenforde, Mark W, Self, Wesley H, Patel, Manish M, Calhoun, Nicole, Murthy, Kempapura, Herrick, Judy, McKillop, Amanda, Hoffman, Eric, Zayed, Martha, Smith, Michael, Steingrub, Jay, Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Souza, Lesley De, Ouellette, Scott, Bolstad, Michael, Coviello, Brianna, Ciottone, Robert, Devilla, Arnaldo, Grafals, Ana, Higgins, Conor, Ottanelli, Carlo, Redman, Kimberly, Scaffidi, Douglas, Weingart, Alexander, Patel, Manish, Tenforde, Mark, Lewis, Nathaniel, Olson, Samantha, Stephenson, Meagan, McMorrow, Meredith, Tremarelli, Maraia, Turbyfill, Caitlin, Mehkri, Omar, Mitchell, Megan, Griffith, Zachary, Brennan, Connery, Ashok, Kiran, Poynter, Bryan, and Busse, Laurence

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunization, Biotechnology, Vaccine Related, Prevention, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Good Health and Well Being, absolute vaccine effectiveness, booster vaccine series, COVID-19, primary vaccine series, relative vaccine effectiveness, Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are increasingly reporting relative VE (rVE) comparing a primary series plus booster doses with a primary series only. Interpretation of rVE differs from traditional studies measuring absolute VE (aVE) of a vaccine regimen against an unvaccinated referent group. We estimated aVE and rVE against COVID-19 hospitalization in primary-series plus first-booster recipients of COVID-19 vaccines.MethodsBooster-eligible immunocompetent adults hospitalized at 21 medical centers in the United States during December 25, 2021-April 4, 2022 were included. In a test-negative design, logistic regression with case status as the outcome and completion of primary vaccine series or primary series plus 1 booster dose as the predictors, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate aVE and rVE.ResultsA total of 2060 patients were analyzed, including 1104 COVID-19 cases and 956 controls. Relative VE against COVID-19 hospitalization in boosted mRNA vaccine recipients versus primary series only was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55%-74%); aVE was 81% (95% CI, 75%-86%) for boosted versus 46% (95% CI, 30%-58%) for primary. For boosted Janssen vaccine recipients versus primary series, rVE was 49% (95% CI, -9% to 76%); aVE was 62% (95% CI, 33%-79%) for boosted versus 36% (95% CI, -4% to 60%) for primary.ConclusionsVaccine booster doses increased protection against COVID-19 hospitalization compared with a primary series. Comparing rVE measures across studies can lead to flawed interpretations of the added value of a new vaccination regimen, whereas difference in aVE, when available, may be a more useful metric.

Published
2023

31. Woven in the River

Author

Martin, Emily

Abstract

An account of the author's experience as a queer person working in conservation in Iowa.

Published
2023

32. Retrieving C and O Abundance of HR 8799 c by Combining High- and Low-resolution Data

Author

Wang, Ji, Wang, Jason J, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Blake, Geoffrey A, Mawet, Dimitri, Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Bond, Charlotte Z, Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppmann, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Finnerty, Luke, Fitzgerald, Michael P, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Lopez, Ronald, Martin, Emily C, Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Ragland, Sam, Ruane, Garreth, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J Kent, Wizinowich, Peter, Xuan, Jerry W, Bryan, Marta L, Roy, Arpita, and Wallack, Nicole L

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

The formation and evolution pathway for the directly imaged multiplanetary system HR 8799 remains mysterious. Accurate constraints on the chemical composition of the planetary atmosphere(s) are key to solving the mystery. We perform a detailed atmospheric retrieval on HR 8799 c to infer the chemical abundances and abundance ratios using a combination of photometric data along with low- and high-resolution spectroscopic data (R ∼ 20-35,000). We specifically retrieve [C/H], [O/H], and C/O and find them to be 0.55 − 0.39 + 0.36 , 0.47 − 0.32 + 0.31 , and 0.67 − 0.15 + 0.12 at 68% confidence. The superstellar C and O abundances, yet a stellar C/O ratio, reveal a potential formation pathway for HR 8799 c. Planet c, and likely the other gas giant planets in the system, formed early on (likely within ∼1 Myr), followed by further atmospheric enrichment in C and O through the accretion of solids beyond the CO ice line. The enrichment either preceded or took place during the early phase of the inward migration to the current planet locations.

Published
2023

33. Predictors of COVID-19 outcomes: Interplay of frailty, comorbidity, and age in COVID-19 prognosis.

Author

Lee, Yoon, Motwani, Yash, Brook, Jenny, Martin, Emily, Seligman, Benjamin, and Schaenman, Joanna

Subjects
Humans, Aged, Middle Aged, COVID-19, Frailty, Comorbidity, Prognosis, Hospitalization
Abstract

Prior research has identified frailty, comorbidity, and age as predictors of outcomes for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including mortality. However, it remains unclear how these factors play different roles in COVID-19 prognosis. This study focused on correlations between frailty, comorbidity and age, and their correlations to discharge outcome and length-of-stay in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Clinical data was collected from 56 patients who were ≥50 years old and admitted from March 2020 to June 2020 primarily for COVID-19. Frailty Risk Score (FRS) and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were used for assessment of frailty and comorbidity burden, respectively. Age had significant positive correlation with FRS and CCI (P

Published
2022

34. Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent Adults Aged ≥65 Years — IVY Network, 18 States, September 8–November 30, 2022

Author

Surie, Diya, DeCuir, Jennifer, Zhu, Yuwei, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Ali, Harith, Taghizadeh, Leyla, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Khan, Akram, Bender, William S, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Lauring, Adam S, Shapiro, Nathan I, Columbus, Cristie, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Rhoads, Jillian P, Hart, Kimberly W, Swan, Sydney A, Lewis, Nathaniel M, McMorrow, Meredith L, Self, Wesley H, and Network, IVY

Subjects
Vaccine Related, Infectious Diseases, Immunization, Biodefense, Prevention, 3.4 Vaccines, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Aged, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccine Efficacy, Hospitalization, RNA, Messenger, Vaccines, Combined, IVY Network, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

Monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, designed against the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2, successfully reduced COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in the United States and globally (1,2). However, vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-associated hospitalization has declined over time, likely related to a combination of factors, including waning immunity and, with the emergence of the Omicron variant and its sublineages, immune evasion (3). To address these factors, on September 1, 2022, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended a bivalent COVID-19 mRNA booster (bivalent booster) dose, developed against the spike protein from ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineages, for persons who had completed at least a primary COVID-19 vaccination series (with or without monovalent booster doses) ≥2 months earlier (4). Data on the effectiveness of a bivalent booster dose against COVID-19 hospitalization in the United States are lacking, including among older adults, who are at highest risk for severe COVID-19-associated illness. During September 8-November 30, 2022, the Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network§ assessed effectiveness of a bivalent booster dose received after ≥2 doses of monovalent mRNA vaccine against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among immunocompetent adults aged ≥65 years. When compared with unvaccinated persons, VE of a bivalent booster dose received ≥7 days before illness onset (median = 29 days) against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was 84%. Compared with persons who received ≥2 monovalent-only mRNA vaccine doses, relative VE of a bivalent booster dose was 73%. These early findings show that a bivalent booster dose provided strong protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization in older adults and additional protection among persons with previous monovalent-only mRNA vaccination. All eligible persons, especially adults aged ≥65 years, should receive a bivalent booster dose to maximize protection against COVID-19 hospitalization this winter season. Additional strategies to prevent respiratory illness, such as masking in indoor public spaces, should also be considered, especially in areas where COVID-19 community levels are high (4,5).

Published
2022

35. Archetype models upscale understanding of natural pest control response to land‐use change

Author

Alexandridis, Nikolaos, Marion, Glenn, Chaplin‐Kramer, Rebecca, Dainese, Matteo, Ekroos, Johan, Grab, Heather, Jonsson, Mattias, Karp, Daniel S, Meyer, Carsten, O'Rourke, Megan E, Pontarp, Mikael, Poveda, Katja, Seppelt, Ralf, Smith, Henrik G, Walters, Richard J, Clough, Yann, and Martin, Emily A

Subjects
Life on Land, Pest Control, Biological, Ecosystem, Pest Control, Agriculture, Crops, Agricultural, Natural Resources, archetype, conservation biological control, crop, ecological model, landscape, land use, natural enemy, natural pest control, pest, upscale, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Control of crop pests by shifting host plant availability and natural enemy activity at landscape scales has great potential to enhance the sustainability of agriculture. However, mainstreaming natural pest control requires improved understanding of how its benefits can be realized across a variety of agroecological contexts. Empirical studies suggest significant but highly variable responses of natural pest control to land-use change. Current ecological models are either too specific to provide insight across agroecosystems or too generic to guide management with actionable predictions. We suggest obtaining the full benefit of available empirical, theoretical, and methodological knowledge by combining trait-mediated understanding from correlative studies with the explicit representation of causal relationships achieved by mechanistic modeling. To link these frameworks, we adapt the concept of archetypes, or context-specific generalizations, from sustainability science. Similar responses of natural pest control to land-use gradients across cases that share key attributes, such as functional traits of focal organisms, indicate general processes that drive system behavior in a context-sensitive manner. Based on such observations of natural pest control, a systematic definition of archetypes can provide the basis for mechanistic models of intermediate generality that cover all major agroecosystems worldwide. Example applications demonstrate the potential for upscaling understanding and improving predictions of natural pest control, based on knowledge transfer and scientific synthesis. A broader application of this mechanistic archetype approach promises to enhance ecology's contribution to natural resource management across diverse regions and social-ecological contexts.

Published
2022

36. Randomised immunogenicity trial comparing 2019-2020 recombinant and egg-based influenza vaccines among frequently vaccinated healthcare personnel in Israel

Author

Fowlkes, Ashley L., Peretz, Alon, Greenberg, David, Hirsch, Avital, Martin, Emily T., Levine, Min Z., Edwards, Laura, Radke, Sarah, Lauring, Adam S., Ferdinands, Jill M., Zhang, Chao, Yoo, Young M., Dreiher, Jacob, Newes-Adeyi, Gabriella, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Fry, Alicia M., Monto, Arnold S., Balicer, Ran, Thompson, Mark G., and Katz, Mark A.

Published
2024
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37. Comparison of test-negative and syndrome-negative controls in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness evaluations for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States

Author

Turbyfill, Caitlin, Adams, Katherine, Tenforde, Mark W, Murray, Nancy L, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Frosch, Anne E, Exline, Matthew C, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Lauring, Adam S, Khan, Akram, Busse, Laurence W, Lohuis, Caitlin C ten, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Kwon, Jennie H, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Rhoads, Jillian P, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, McMorrow, Meredith, Surie, Diya, Self, Wesley H, and Patel, Manish M

Subjects
Prevention, Lung, Pneumonia & Influenza, Immunization, Clinical Research, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Rehabilitation, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Adult, United States, Influenza, Human, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Vaccine Efficacy, Case-Control Studies, Influenza Vaccines, Hospitalization, Syndrome, Test-negative, Vaccine effectiveness, Case-control study, Control groups, Research design, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Virology
Abstract

BackgroundTest-negative design (TND) studies have produced validated estimates of vaccine effectiveness (VE) for influenza vaccine studies. However, syndrome-negative controls have been proposed for differentiating bias and true estimates in VE evaluations for COVID-19. To understand the use of alternative control groups, we compared characteristics and VE estimates of syndrome-negative and test-negative VE controls.MethodsAdults hospitalized at 21 medical centers in 18 states March 11-August 31, 2021 were eligible for analysis. Case patients had symptomatic acute respiratory infection (ARI) and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Control groups were test-negative patients with ARI but negative SARS-CoV-2 testing, and syndrome-negative controls were without ARI and negative SARS-CoV-2 testing. Chi square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to detect differences in baseline characteristics. VE against COVID-19 hospitalization was calculated using logistic regression comparing adjusted odds of prior mRNA vaccination between cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and each control group.Results5811 adults (2726 cases, 1696 test-negative controls, and 1389 syndrome-negative controls) were included. Control groups differed across characteristics including age, race/ethnicity, employment, previous hospitalizations, medical conditions, and immunosuppression. However, control-group-specific VE estimates were very similar. Among immunocompetent patients aged 18-64 years, VE was 93 % (95 % CI: 90-94) using syndrome-negative controls and 91 % (95 % CI: 88-93) using test-negative controls.ConclusionsDespite demographic and clinical differences between control groups, the use of either control group produced similar VE estimates across age groups and immunosuppression status. These findings support the use of test-negative controls and increase confidence in COVID-19 VE estimates produced by test-negative design studies.

Published
2022

38. Ascertainment of vaccination status by self‐report versus source documentation: Impact on measuring COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness

Author

Stephenson, Meagan, Olson, Samantha M, Self, Wesley H, Ginde, Adit A, Mohr, Nicholas M, Gaglani, Manjusha, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Hager, David N, Prekker, Matthew E, Gong, Michelle N, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Martin, Emily T, Reddy, Raju, Busse, Laurence W, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Qadir, Nida, Mallow, Christopher, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Chappell, James D, Lauring, Adam S, Baughman, Adrienne, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Lewis, Nathaniel M, Patel, Manish M, Tenforde, Mark W, and Investigators, IVY Network

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Clinical Research, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Documentation, Humans, Pandemics, RNA, Messenger, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Vaccination, Vaccine Efficacy, concordance, registry, self-report, vaccine effectiveness, IVY Network Investigators, Public Health and Health Services, Virology, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, self-reported COVID-19 vaccination might facilitate rapid evaluations of vaccine effectiveness (VE) when source documentation (e.g., immunization information systems [IIS]) is not readily available. We evaluated the concordance of COVID-19 vaccination status ascertained by self-report versus source documentation and its impact on VE estimates.MethodsHospitalized adults (≥18 years) admitted to 18 U.S. medical centers March-June 2021 were enrolled, including COVID-19 cases and SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. Patients were interviewed about COVID-19 vaccination. Abstractors simultaneously searched IIS, medical records, and other sources for vaccination information. To compare vaccination status by self-report and documentation, we estimated percent agreement and unweighted kappa with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We then calculated VE in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization of full vaccination (2 doses of mRNA product ≥14 days prior to illness onset) independently using data from self-report or source documentation.ResultsOf 2520 patients, 594 (24%) did not have self-reported vaccination information to assign vaccination group; these patients tended to be more severely ill. Among 1924 patients with both self-report and source documentation information, 95.0% (95% CI: 93.9-95.9%) agreement was observed, with a kappa of 0.9127 (95% CI: 0.9109-0.9145). VE was 86% (95% CI: 81-90%) by self-report data only and 85% (95% CI: 81-89%) by source documentation data only.ConclusionsApproximately one-quarter of hospitalized patients could not provide self-report COVID-19 vaccination status. Among patients with self-report information, there was high concordance with source documented status. Self-report may be a reasonable source of COVID-19 vaccination information for timely VE assessment for public health action.

Published
2022

39. Work Attendance with Acute Respiratory Illness Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, 2018-2022

Author

Ahmed, Faruque, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Zimmerman, Richard K., Bear, Todd, Grijalva, Carlos G., Talbot, H. Keipp, Florea, Ana, Tartof, Sara Y., Gaglani, Manjusha, Smith, Michael, McLean, Huong Q., King, Jennifer P., Martin, Emily T., Monto, Arnold S., Phillips, C. Hallie, Wernli, Karen J., Flannery, Brendan, Chung, Jessie R., and Uzicanin, Amra

Subjects
Epidemics -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- United States, Respiratory tract diseases -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Influenza -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Presenteeism (Labor) -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

COVID-19 cases in the United States, first reported on January 22, 2020, began to increase in March 2020 (1). The pandemic resulted in a substantial number of employed persons being [...]

Published
2023
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40. Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine for Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Progression to High Disease Severity in the United States

Author

Lewis, Nathaniel M, Self, Wesley H, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Ghamande, Shekhar A, McNeal, Tresa A, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, amuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Busse, Laurence W, Lohuis, Caitlin C ten, Duggal, bhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Lauring, Adam S, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Rhoads, Jillian P, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Adams, Katherine, Patel, Manish M, Tenforde, Mark W, and Collaborators, IVY Network

Subjects
Rare Diseases, Immunization, Clinical Research, Prevention, Vaccine Related, 3.4 Vaccines, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Good Health and Well Being, Ad26COVS1, Adult, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Hospitalization, Humans, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Severity of Illness Index, United States, vaccine effectiveness, viral vector vaccines, IVY Network Collaborators, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

Background . Adults in the United States (US) began receiving the adenovirus vector coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson [Janssen]), in February 2021. We evaluated Ad26.COV2.S vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 hospitalization and high disease severity during the first 10 months of its use. Methods . In a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults (≥18 years) hospitalized 11 March to 15 December 2021, we estimated VE against susceptibility to COVID-19 hospitalization (VEs), comparing odds of prior vaccination with a single dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine between hospitalized cases with COVID-19 and controls without COVID-19. Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we estimated VE against disease progression (VEp) to death or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), comparing odds of prior vaccination between patients with and without progression. Results . After excluding patients receiving mRNA vaccines, among 3979 COVID-19 case-patients (5% vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S) and 2229 controls (13% vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S), VEs of Ad26.COV2.S against COVID-19 hospitalization was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63-75%) overall, including 55% (29-72%) among immunocompromised patients, and 72% (64-77%) among immunocompetent patients, for whom VEs was similar at 14-90 days (73% [59-82%]), 91-180 days (71% [60-80%]), and 181-274 days (70% [54-81%]) postvaccination. Among hospitalized COVID-19 case-patients, VEp was 46% (18-65%) among immunocompetent patients. Conclusions . The Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine reduced the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization by 72% among immunocompetent adults without waning through 6 months postvaccination. After hospitalization for COVID-19, vaccinated immunocompetent patients were less likely to require IMV or die compared to unvaccinated immunocompetent patients.

Published
2022

41. A Clear View of a Cloudy Brown Dwarf Companion from High-resolution Spectroscopy

Author

Xuan, Jerry W, Wang, Jason, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Knutson, Heather, Mawet, Dimitri, Mollière, Paul, Kolecki, Jared, Vigan, Arthur, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Wallack, Nicole, Wang, Ji, Baker, Ashley, Bartos, Randall, Blake, Geoffrey A, Bond, Charlotte Z, Bryan, Marta, Calvin, Benjamin, Cetre, Sylvain, Chun, Mark, Delorme, Jacques-Robert, Doppmann, Greg, Echeverri, Daniel, Finnerty, Luke, Fitzgerald, Michael P, Horstman, Katelyn, Inglis, Julie, Jovanovic, Nemanja, López, Ronald, Martin, Emily C, Morris, Evan, Pezzato, Jacklyn, Ragland, Sam, Ren, Bin, Ruane, Garreth, Sappey, Ben, Schofield, Tobias, Skemer, Andrew, Venenciano, Taylor, Wallace, J Kent, and Wizinowich, Peter

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

Direct imaging studies have mainly used low-resolution spectroscopy (R ∼ 20-100) to study the atmospheres of giant exoplanets and brown dwarf companions, but the presence of clouds has often led to degeneracies in the retrieved atmospheric abundances (e.g., carbon-to-oxygen ratio, metallicity). This precludes clear insights into the formation mechanisms of these companions. The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) uses adaptive optics and single-mode fibers to transport light into NIRSPEC (R ∼ 35,000 in the K band), and aims to address these challenges with high-resolution spectroscopy. Using an atmospheric retrieval framework based on petitRADTRANS, we analyze the KPIC high-resolution spectrum (2.29-2.49 μm) and the archival low-resolution spectrum (1-2.2 μm) of the benchmark brown dwarf HD 4747 B (m = 67.2 ± 1.8 M Jup, a = 10.0 ± 0.2 au, T eff ≈ 1400 K). We find that our measured C/O and metallicity for the companion from the KPIC high-resolution spectrum agree with those of its host star within 1σ-2σ. The retrieved parameters from the K-band high-resolution spectrum are also independent of our choice of cloud model. In contrast, the retrieved parameters from the low-resolution spectrum are highly sensitive to our chosen cloud model. Finally, we detect CO, H2O, and CH4 (volume-mixing ratio of log(CH4) = −4.82 ± 0.23) in this L/T transition companion with the KPIC data. The relative molecular abundances allow us to constrain the degree of chemical disequilibrium in the atmosphere of HD 4747 B, and infer a vertical diffusion coefficient that is at the upper limit predicted from mixing length theory.

Published
2022

42. Students' Perceptions of a Gamified Reading Assessment

Author

Reed, Deborah K., Martin, Emily, Hazeltine, Eliot, and McMurray, Bob

Abstract

To inform the development of gamified assessments, this study explored how students with or at risk for reading difficulties in Grades 6-8 (N = 202) perceived and interacted with a decoding assessment designed with gamification characteristics. Three data sources enhanced the methodological triangulation: observations and scores from testing, surveys of students' perceptions, and focus group discussions with a stratified random sample of students (n = 25). Findings suggest students became immersed in the gamified reading assessment and were motivated by tasks that were challenging but not frustratingly difficult. However, they were dissatisfied with some design features and reported focusing on identifying patterns and gaming strategies rather than on the reading skills being assessed. This suggests students' expectations of gamified assessments might contribute construct irrelevant variance to the instruments.

Published
2020
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43. Hypotheses for Triton's Plumes: New Analyses and Future Remote Sensing Tests

Author

Hofgartner, Jason D., Birch, Samuel P. D., Castillo, Julie, Grundy, Will M., Hansen, Candice J., Hayes, Alexander G., Howett, Carly J. A., Hurford, Terry A., Martin, Emily S., Mitchell, Karl L., Nordheim, Tom A., Poston, Michael J., Prockter, Louise M., Quick, Lynnae C., Schenk, Paul, Schindhelm, Rebecca N., and Umurhan, Orkan M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

At least two active plumes were observed on Neptune's moon Triton during the Voyager 2 flyby in 1989. Models for Triton's plumes have previously been grouped into five hypotheses, two of which are primarily atmospheric phenomena and are generally considered unlikely, and three of which include eruptive processes and are plausible. These hypotheses are compared, including new arguments, such as comparisons based on current understanding of Mars, Enceladus, and Pluto. An eruption model based on a solar-powered, solid-state greenhouse effect was previously considered the leading hypothesis for Triton's plumes, in part due to the proximity of the plumes to the subsolar latitude during the Voyager 2 flyby and the distribution of Triton's fans that are putatively deposits from former plumes. The other two eruption hypotheses are powered by internal heat, not solar insolation. Based on new analyses of the ostensible relation between the latitude of the subsolar point on Triton and the geographic locations of the plumes and fans, we argue that neither the locations of the plumes nor fans are strong evidence in favor of the solar-powered hypothesis. We conclude that all three eruption hypotheses should be considered further. Five tests are presented that could be implemented with remote sensing observations from future spacecraft to confidently distinguish among the eruption hypotheses for Triton's plumes. The five tests are based on the: (1) composition and thickness of Triton's southern hemisphere terrains, (2) composition of fan deposits, (3) distribution of active plumes, (4) distribution of fans, and (5) surface temperature at the locations of plumes and/or fans. The tests are independent, but complementary, and implementable with a single flyby mission such as the Trident mission concept. We note that, in the case of the solar-driven hypothesis, the 2030s and 2040s may be the last ..., Comment: Accepted for publication in Icarus

Published
2021
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46. Prognostic disclosure in oncology - current communication models: a scoping review.

Author

Bloom, Julie, Marshall, Deborah, Rodriguez-Russo, Carlos, Martin, Emily, Jones, Joshua, and Dharmarajan, Kavita

Subjects
communication, education and training, prognosis, psychological care, supportive care, Caregivers, Communication, Disclosure, Humans, Medical Oncology, Prognosis
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Prognostic disclosure is essential to informed decision making in oncology, yet many oncologists are unsure how to successfully facilitate this discussion. This scoping review determines what prognostic communication models exist, compares and contrasts these models, and explores the supporting evidence. METHOD: A protocol was created for this study using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols extension for Scoping Reviews. Comprehensive literature searches of electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane CENTRAL were executed to identify relevant publications between 1971 and 2020. RESULTS: In total, 1532 articles were identified, of which 78 met inclusion criteria and contained 5 communication models. Three of these have been validated in randomised controlled trials (the Serious Illness Conversation Guide, the Four Habits Model and the ADAPT acronym) and have demonstrated improved objective communication measures and patient reported outcomes. All three models emphasise the importance of exploring patients illness understanding and treatment preferences, communicating prognosis and responding to emotion. CONCLUSION: Communicating prognostic estimates is a core competency skill in advanced cancer care. This scoping review highlights available communication models and identifies areas in need of further assessment. Such areas include how to maintain learnt communication skills for lifelong practice, how to assess patient and caregiver understanding during and after these conversations, and how to best scale these protocols at the institutional and national levels.

Published
2022

47. Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 Hospitalization by Age and Chronic Medical Conditions Burden Among Immunocompetent US Adults, March-August 2021

Author

Lewis, Nathaniel M, Naioti, Eric A, Self, Wesley H, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ghamande, Shekhar A, McNeal, Tresa A, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Henning, Daniel J, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Hubel, Kinsley, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, Lohuis, Caitlin C ten, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra J, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Lauring, Adam S, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Rhoads, Jillian P, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Schrag, Stephanie J, Kobayashi, Miwako, Verani, Jennifer R, Patel, Manish M, Tenforde, Mark W, Collaborators, IVY Network, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Calhoun, Nicole, Murthy, Kempapura, Herrick, Judy, McKillop, Amanda, Hoffman, Eric, Zayed, Martha, Smith, Michael, Settele, Natalie, Ettlinger, Jason, Priest, Elisa, Thomas, Jennifer, Arroliga, Alejandro, Beeram, Madhava, Kindle, Ryan, Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, De Souza, Lesley, Ouellette, Scott, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Tyler, Patrick, Mehkri, Omar, Mitchell, Meg, Brennan, Connery, Ashok, Kiran, Poynter, Bryan, Stanley, Nicholas, Hendrickson, Audrey, Caspers, Sean, Scharber, Tyler, Jorgensen, Jeffrey, Bowers, Robert, King, Jennifer, Aston, Valerie, Armbruster, Brent, Rothman, Richard E, Nair, Rahul, Chen, Jen-Ting, Karow, Sarah, Robart, Emily, Maldonado, Paulo Nunes, and Khan, Maryiam

Subjects
Immunization, Aging, Vaccine Related, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Chronic Disease, Hospitalization, Humans, Vaccines, Synthetic, mRNA Vaccines, chronic medical conditions, preexisting conditions, vaccine effectiveness, IVY Network Collaborators, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 hospitalization was evaluated among immunocompetent adults (≥18 years) during March-August 2021 using a case-control design. Among 1669 hospitalized COVID-19 cases (11% fully vaccinated) and 1950 RT-PCR-negative controls (54% fully vaccinated), VE was 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93%-98%) among patients with no chronic medical conditions and 83% (95% CI, 76%-88%) among patients with ≥ 3 categories of conditions. VE was similar between those aged 18-64 years versus ≥65 years (P > .05). VE against severe COVID-19 was very high among adults without chronic conditions and lessened with increasing comorbidity burden.

Published
2022

48. Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines for Preventing Covid-19 Hospitalizations in the United States

Author

Tenforde, Mark W, Patel, Manish M, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Gaglani, Manjusha, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Exline, Matthew C, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Henning, Daniel J, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, Ten Lohuis, Caitlin C, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Gershengorn, Hayley B, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Lauring, Adam S, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Olson, Samantha M, Stephenson, Meagan, Schrag, Stephanie J, Kobayashi, Miwako, Verani, Jennifer R, and Self, Wesley H

Subjects
Pneumonia & Influenza, Immunization, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Clinical Research, Lung, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia, Prevention, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Hospitalization, Humans, Middle Aged, RNA, SARS-CoV-2, United States, mRNA Vaccines, vaccine effectiveness, mRNA vaccines, hospitalized, immunocompromised, Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundAs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination coverage increases in the United States, there is a need to understand the real-world effectiveness against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and among people at increased risk for poor outcomes.MethodsIn a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults hospitalized March 11-May 5, 2021, we evaluated vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 hospitalizations by comparing odds of prior vaccination with a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) between cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and hospital-based controls who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsAmong 1212 participants, including 593 cases and 619 controls, median age was 58 years, 22.8% were Black, 13.9% were Hispanic, and 21.0% had immunosuppression. SARS-CoV-2 lineage B0.1.1.7 (Alpha) was the most common variant (67.9% of viruses with lineage determined). Full vaccination (receipt of 2 vaccine doses ≥14 days before illness onset) had been received by 8.2% of cases and 36.4% of controls. Overall vaccine effectiveness was 87.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.7-91.3). Vaccine effectiveness was similar for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, and highest in adults aged 18-49 years (97.4%; 95% CI, 79.3-9.7). Among 45 patients with vaccine-breakthrough COVID hospitalizations, 44 (97.8%) were ≥50 years old and 20 (44.4%) had immunosuppression. Vaccine effectiveness was lower among patients with immunosuppression (62.9%; 95% CI,20.8-82.6) than without immunosuppression (91.3%; 95% CI, 85.6-94.8).ConclusionDuring March-May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were highly effective for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations among US adults. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was beneficial for patients with immunosuppression, but effectiveness was lower in the immunosuppressed population.

Published
2022

50. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms

Author

Moharam, S.A., Abdalasalam, Sabriya, Abdalhadi, Alaa Abdalfattah, Abdalla, Naana Reyam, Abdalla, Walaa, Abdalrheem, Almthani Hamza, Abdalsalam, Ashraf, Abdeewi, Saedah, Abdelgaum, Esraa Hassan, Abdelhalim, Mohamed, Abdelkabir, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Israa, Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann, Abdulbaqi, Lamees Adil, Abdulhamid, Salaheddin, Abdulhamid, Widyan, Abdulkadir, Nurul Najmee, Abdulwahed, Eman, Abdunabi, Rawad, Abe, Ryuzo, Abel, Laurent, Abodina, Ahmed Mohammed, Abrous, Amal, Absil, Lara, Jabal, Kamal Abu, Salah, Nashat Abu, Abusalama, Abdurraouf, Abuzaid, Tareg Abdallah, Acharya, Subhash, Acker, Andrew, Adam, Elisabeth, Adem, Safia, Ademnou, Manuella, Adewhajah, Francisca, Adrião, Diana, Afum-Adjei Awuah, Anthony, Agbogbatey, Melvin, Al Ageel, Saleh, Ahmed, Aya Mustafa, Ahmed, Musaab Mohammed, Ahmed, Shakeel, Alaraji, Zainab Ahmed, Elhefnawy Enan, Abdulrahman Ahmed, Ahmed Khalil, Reham Abdelhamid, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelaziz, Ali Mostafa, Ainscough, Kate, Airlangga, Eka, Aisa, Tharwat, Aisha, Ali, Aisha, Bugila, Hssain, Ali Ait, Tamlihat, Younes Ait, Akimoto, Takako, Akmal, Ernita, Akwani, Chika, Al Qasim, Eman, Alajeeli, Ahmed, Alali, Ahmed, Alalqam, Razi, Alameen, Aliya Mohammed, Al-Aquily, Mohammed, Alaraji, Zinah A., Albakry, Khalid, Albatni, Safa, Alberti, Angela, Aldabbourosama, Osama, Al-dabbous, Tala, Aldhalia, Amer, Aldoukali, Abdulkarim, Alegesan, Senthilkumar, Alessi, Marta, Alex, Beatrice, Alexandre, Kévin, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman, Alflite, Asil, Alfoudri, Huda, Alhadad, Qamrah, Alhaddad, Hoda Salem, Mohamed Abdalla Alhasan, Maali Khalid, Alhouri, Ahmad Nabil, Alhouri, Hasan, Ali, Adam, Ali, Imran, TagElser Mohammed Ali, Maha, Abbas, Syed Ali, Abdelghafar, Yomna Ali, Sheikh, Naseem Ali, Alidjnou, Kazali Enagnon, Aljadi, Mahmoud, Aljamal, Sarah, Alkahlout, Mohammed, Alkaseek, Akram, Alkhafajee, Qabas, Allavena, Clotilde, Allou, Nathalie, Almasri, Lana, Almjersah, Abdulrahman, Alqandouz, Raja Ahmed, Alrfaea, Walaa, Alrifaee, Moayad, Alsaadi, Rawan, Al-Saba'a, Yousef, Alshareea, Entisar, Alshenawy, Eslam, Altaf, Aneela, Alves, João Melo, Alves, João, Alves, Rita, Cabrita, Joana Alves, Amaral, Maria, Amer, Amro Essam, Amira, Nur, Adusei, Amos Amoako, Amuasi, John, Andini, Roberto, Andrejak, Claire, Angheben, Andrea, Angoulvant, François, Ankrah, Sophia, Ansart, Séverine, Anthonidass, Sivanesen, Antonelli, Massimo, Antunes de Brito, Carlos Alexandre, Apriyana, Ardiyan, Arabi, Yaseen, Aragao, Irene, Arancibia, Francisco, Araujo, Carolline, Arcadipane, Antonio, Archambault, Patrick, Arenz, Lukas, Arlet, Jean-Benoît, Arnold-Day, Christel, Arora, Lovkesh, Arora, Rakesh, Artaud-Macari, Elise, Aryal, Diptesh, Asensio, Angel, Ashley, Elizabeth A., Ashraf, Muhammad, Ashraf, Muhammad Sheharyar, Ben Ashur, Abir, Asiedu-Bekoe, Franklin, Asif, Namra, Asim, Mohammad, Assi, Grace, Assie, Jean Baptiste, Asyraf, Amirul, Atangana, Fouda, Atia, Ahmed, Atif, Minahel, Abdelrhman Abdallahrs, Asia Atif, Atique, Anika, Atlowly, Moad, Attanyake, AM Udara Lakshan, Auchabie, Johann, Aumaitre, Hugues, Auvet, Adrien, Ali Mohammed, Abdelmalek Awad, Axelsen, Eyvind W., Ayad, Ared, Hassan Helmi, Ahmed Ayman, Azemar, Laurène, Azizeldin, Mohammed, Azoulay, Cecile, Babatunde, Hakeem, Bach, Benjamin, Bachelet, Delphine, Badr, Claudine, Bævre-Jensen, Roar, Baig, Nadia, Baillie, John Kenneth, Baird, J Kevin, Bak, Erica, Bakakos, Agamemnon, Bakar, Nazreen Abu, Bakeer, Hibah Bileid, Bakri, Ashraf, Bal, Andriy, Balakrishnan, Mohanaprasanth, Bandoh, Irene, Bani-Sadr, Firouzé, Barbalho, Renata, Barbosa, Nicholas Yuri, Barclay, Wendy S., Barnett, Saef Umar, Barnikel, Michaela, Barrasa, Helena, Barrigoto, Cleide, Bartoli, Marie, Baruch, Joaquín, Basmaci, Romain, Basri, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin, Batool, AbdAlkarim, Battaglini, Denise, Bauer, Jules, Bautista Rincon, Diego Fernando, Dow, Denisse Bazan, Beane, Abigail, Bedossa, Alexandra, Bee, Ker Hong, Begum, Husna, Behilill, Sylvie, Beishuizen, Albertus, Beljantsev, Aleksandr, Bellemare, David, Beltrame, Anna, Beltrão, Beatriz Amorim, Beluze, Marine, Benech, Nicolas, Benjiman, Lionel Eric, Bennett, Suzanne, Bento, Luís, Berdal, Jan-Erik, Berdeweel, Lamis, Bergeaud, Delphine, Bergin, Hazel, Bertoli, Giulia, Bertolino, Lorenzo, Bessis, Simon, Bevilcaqua, Sybille, Bezulier, Karine, Bhatt, Amar, Bhavsar, Krishna, Bianchi, Isabella, Bianco, Claudia, Bichoka, Sandra, Bidin, Farah Nadiah, Humaid, Felwa Bin, Bin Kamarudin, Mohd Nazlin, Binnawara, Muhannud, Bisoffi, Zeno, Biston, Patrick, Bitker, Laurent, Bittaye, Mustapha, Bitton, Jonathan, Blanco-Schweizer, Pablo, Blier, Catherine, Bloos, Frank, Blot, Mathieu, Boccia, Filomena, Bodenes, Laetitia, Bogaert, Debby, Boivin, Anne-Hélène, Bolanga, Ariel, Bolaños, Isabela, Bolze, Pierre-Adrien, Bompart, François, Bonifasius, Aurelius, Bonney, Joe, Borges, Diogo, Borie, Raphaël, Bosse, Hans Martin, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, Bouadma, Lila, Bouchaud, Olivier, Bouchez, Sabelline, Bouhour, Damien, Bouiller, Kévin, Bouillet, Laurence, Bouisse, Camile, 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Marie-Charlotte, Chow, Yock Ping, Chow, Ting Soo, Christy, Nathaniel, Chua, Hiu Jian, Chua, Jonathan, Cidade, Jose Pedro, Cisneros Herreros, José Miguel, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Ciullo, Anna, Clarke, Jennifer, Claure-Del Granado, Rolando, Clohisey, Sara, Codan, Cassidy, Cody, Caitriona, Coles, Jennifer, Coles, Megan, Colin, Gwenhaël, Collins, Michael, Combs, Pamela, Connolly, Jennifer, Connor, Marie, Conrad, Anne, Conway, Elaine, Cooke, Graham S., Cordel, Hugues, Corley, Amanda, Cornelis, Sabine, Cornet, Alexander Daniel, Corpuz, Arianne Joy, Cortegiani, Andrea, Corvaisier, Grégory, Couffignal, Camille, Couffin-Cadiergues, Sandrine, Courtois, Roxane, Cousse, Stéphanie, Cowan, Juthaporn, Cregan, Rachel, Crowl, Gloria, Crump, Jonathan, Cruz, Claudina, Csete, Marc, Cullen, Ailbhe, Cummings, Matthew, Curley, Gerard, Curlier, Elodie, Curran, Colleen, Custodio, Paula, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Da Silveira, Charlene, Dabaliz, Al-Awwab, Dagens, Andrew, Dahl, John Arne, Dahly, Darren, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Daley, Peter, Dalloul, Zaina, Dalton, Heidi, Dalton, Jo, Daly, Seamus, Damas, Juliana, Dame, Joycelyn, Damien, Cammandji, Daneman, Nick, Dantas, Jorge, D'Aragon, Frédérick, de Loughry, Gillian, de Mendoza, Diego, De Montmollin, Etienne, França, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira, Isabel de Pinho Oliveira, Ana, De Rosa, Rosanna, De Rose, Cristina, de Silva, Thushan, de Vries, Peter, Deacon, Jillian, Dean, David, Debard, Alexa, DeBenedictis, Bianca, Debray, Marie-Pierre, DeCastro, Nathalie, Dechert, William, Decours, Romain, Defous, Eve, Delacroix, Isabelle, Delamou, Alexandre, Delaveuve, Eric, Delavigne, Karen, Delfos, Nathalie M., Deligiannis, Ionna, Dell'Amore, Andrea, Delmas, Christelle, Delobel, Pierre, Delsing, Corine, Demonchy, Elisa, Denis, Emmanuelle, Deplanque, Dominique, Depuydt, Pieter, Descamps, Diane, Desvallées, Mathilde, Dewayanti, Santi, Dhangar, Pathik, Diallo, Alpha, Diallo, Souleymane Taran, Diamantis, Sylvain, Dias, André, Da Silva, Fernanda Dias, Diaz, Rodrigo, Diaz, Juan Jose, Diaz, Priscila, Dibba, Bakary K., Didier, Kévin, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Dieperink, Wim, Dimet, Jérôme, Dinot, Vincent, Diop, Fara, Diouf, Alphonsine, Dishon, Yael, Djadda, Cedric, Djossou, Félix, Docherty, Annemarie B., Doherty, Helen, Dondorp, Arjen M., Donnelly, Christl A., Donohue, Yoann, Donohue, Sean, Doran, Peter, Dorival, Céline, D'Ortenzio, Eric, Doshi, Yash, Douangdala, Phouvieng, Douglas, James Joshua, Douma, Renee, Dournon, Nathalie, Downey, Joanne, Downing, Mark, Drake, Thomas, Driscoll, Aoife, Duah, Ibrahim Kwaku, Fonseca, Claudio Duarte, Dubee, Vincent, Dubos, François, Dubot-Pérès, Audrey, Ducancelle, Alexandre, Duculan, Toni, Dudman, Susanne, Duggal, Abhijit, Dunand, Paul, Dunning, Jake, Duplaix, Mathilde, Durante-Mangoni, Emanuele, Durham, Lucian, III, Dussol, Bertrand, Duthoit, Juliette, Duval, Xavier, Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Margarita, Ean, Sim Choon, Ebo, Ada, Echeverria-Villalobos, Marco, Edelstein, Michael, Egan, Siobhan, Eggesbø, Linn Margrete, Ehzaz, Khadeja, Eira, Carla, El Sanharawi, Mohammed, El Sayed, Marwan, Elabid, Mohammed, Elagili, Mohamed Bashir, Elapavaluru, Subbarao, Elbahnasawy, Mohammad, Elboshra, Sohail, Elharrar, Brigitte, Ellerbroek, Jacobien, Ellingjord-Dale, Merete, ELMagrahi, Hamida, Elmubark, Mohammad Muatasm, Elotmani, Loubna, Eloundou, Lauren, Eloy, Philippine, Elshaikhy, Basma, Elshazly, Tarek, Elsokni, Wafa, Eltayeb, Aml Ahmed, Elyazar, Iqbal, Emad, Zarief Kamel, Embarek, Hussein, Enderle, Isabelle, Endo, Tomoyuki, Eneli, Gervais, Eng, Chan Chee, Engelmann, Ilka, Enouf, Vincent, Epaulard, Olivier, Esaadi, Haneen, Esperatti, Mariano, Esperou, Hélène, Santo, Catarina Espírito, Esposito-Farese, Marina, Essaka, Rachel, Essuman, Lorinda, Estevão, João, Etienne, Manuel, Everding, Anna Greti, Evers, Mirjam, Fabre, Isabelle, Fabre, Marc, Fadera, Ismaila, Abdalla Fadlalla, Asgad Osman, Faheem, Amna, Fahy, Arabella, Fairfield, Cameron J., Fakar, Zul, Fareed, Komal, Faria, Pedro, Farooq, Ahmed, Fateena, Hanan, Fathi, Mohamed, Fatima, Salem, Fatoni, Arie Zainul, Faure, Karine, Favory, Raphaël, Fayed, Mohamed, Feely, Niamh, Fernandes, Jorge, Fernandes, Marília Andreia, Fernandes, Susana, Ferrand, François-Xavier, Devouge, Eglantine Ferrand, Ferrão, Joana, Ferraz, Mário, Ferreira, Benigno, Ferreira, Isabel, Ferreira, Bernardo, Ferreira, Sílvia, Ferriere, Nicolas, Ficko, Céline, Figueiredo-Mello, Claudia, Finlayson, William, Flament, Thomas, Fletcher, Tom, Florence, Aline-Marie, Florio, Letizia Lucia, Flynn, Brigid, Flynn, Deirdre, Foley, Jean, Fomin, Victor, Fonseca, Tatiana, Fontela, Patricia, Forrest, Karen, Forsyth, Simon, Foster, Denise, Foti, Giuseppe, Fotso, Berline, Fourn, Erwan, Fowler, Robert A., Fraher, Marianne, Franch-Llasat, Diego, Fraser, Christophe, Fraser, John F., Freire, Marcela Vieira, Ribeiro, Ana Freitas, French, Craig, Friedrich, Caren, Fritz, Ricardo, Fry, Stéphanie, Fuentes, Nora, Fukuda, Masahiro, Argin, G., Gaborieau, Valérie, Gaci, Rostane, Gagliardi, Massimo, Gagnard, Jean-Charles, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Gai, Abdou, Gaião, Sérgio, Skeie, Linda Gail, Galal Mohamed Ramadan, Adham Mohamed, Gallagher, Phil, Gamble, Carrol, Gani, Yasmin, Garan, Arthur, Garcia, Rebekha, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Garcia-Gallo, Esteban, Garimella, Navya, Garot, Denis, Garrait, Valérie, Gauli, Basanta, Gavrylov, Anatoliy, Gaymard, Alexandre, Gebauer, Johannes, Geraud, Eva, Morlaes, Louis Gerbaud, Germano, Nuno, Ghemmeid, Malak, Ghisulal, Praveen Kumar, Ghosn, Jade, Giani, Marco, Gigante, Tristan, Gilroy, Elaine, Giordano, Guillermo, Girvan, Michelle, Gissot, Valérie, Giwangkancana, Gezy, Glikman, Daniel, Glybochko, Petr, Gnall, Eric, Goco, Geraldine, Goehringer, François, Goepel, Siri, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Goh, Jin Yi, Golács, Brigitta, Golob, Jonathan, Gomez, Kyle, Gómez-Junyent, Joan, Gominet, Marie, Gonzalez, Alicia, Gordon, Patricia, Gorenne, Isabelle, Goubert, Laure, Goujard, Cécile, Goulenok, Tiphaine, Grable, Margarite, Graf, Jeronimo, Grandin, Edward Wilson, Granier, Pascal, Grasselli, Giacomo, Grazioli, Lorenzo, Green, Christopher A., Greene, Courtney, Greenhalf, William, Greffe, Segolène, Grieco, Domenico Luca, Griffee, Matthew, Griffiths, Fiona, Grigoras, Ioana, Groenendijk, Albert, Grovogui, Fassou Mathias, Gruner, Heidi, Gu, Yusing, Guedj, Jérémie, Guego, Martin, Guerguerian, Anne-Marie, Guerreiro, Daniela, Guery, Romain, Guillaumot, Anne, Guilleminault, Laurent, Guimarães de Castro, Maisa, Guimard, Thomas, Haalboom, Marieke, Haber, Daniel, Hachemi, Ali, Haddud, Abdurrahman, Hadri, Nadir, Hafez, Wael, Haidri, Fakhir Raza, Rida Hajij, Fatima Mhd, Hakak, Sheeba, Hall, Adam, Hall, Matthew, Halpin, Sophie, Hamdan, Shaher, Hamdi, Abdelhafeez, Hameed, Jawad, Hamer, Ansley, Hamers, Raph L., Hamidfar, Rebecca, Hammarström, Bato, Hammond, Naomi, Hammond, Terese, Han, Lim Yuen, Hanan, Matly, Haniffa, Rashan, Hao, Kok Wei, Hardwick, Hayley, Harrison, Ewen M., Harrison, Janet, Ekow Harrison, Samuel Bernard, Hartman, Alan, Hasan, Sulieman, Nabil Hasan, Mohammad Ali, Hasan, Mohd Shahnaz, Hashmi, Junaid, Hashmi, Madiha, Hassan, Amoni, Hassanin, Ebtisam, Hayat, Muhammad, Hayes, Ailbhe, Hays, Leanne, Heerman, Jan, Heggelund, Lars, Helmi, Ahmed, Hendry, Ross, Hennessy, Martina, Henriquez-Trujillo, Aquiles Rodrigo, Hentzien, Maxime, Hernandez, Diana, Hershey, Andrew, Hesstvedt, Liv, Hidayah, Astarini, Higgins, Eibhlin, Higgins, Rupert, Hinton, Samuel, Hiraiwa, Hiroaki, Hirkani, Haider, Hitoto, Hikombo, Ho, Antonia, Ho, Yi Bin, Hoctin, Alexandre, Hoffmann, Isabelle, Hoh, Wei Han, Hoiting, Oscar, Holt, Rebecca, Holter, Jan Cato, Horby, Peter, Horcajada, Juan Pablo, Houas, Ikram, Houderi, Mabrouka, Hough, Catherine L., Houltham, Stuart, Ming-Yang Hsu, Jimmy, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Hurd, Abby, Hussain, Iqbal, Hussein, Aliae Mohamed, Hussein, Mahmood, Ibrahim, Fatima, Ibran, Bashir, Ijaz, Samreen, Ikram, M. Arfan, Illana, Carlos Cañada, Imbert, Patrick, Ansari, Muhammad Imran, Sikander, Rana Imran, Inácio, Hugo, Dominguez, Carmen Infante, Ing, Yun Sii, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Irawany, Vera, Isgett, Sarah, Isidoro, Tiago, Ismail, Nadiah, Isnard, Margaux, Istre, Mette Stausland, Itai, Junji, Ivulich, Daniel, Jaafar, Danielle, Jaafoura, Salma, Jaber, Hamza, Jabot, Julien, Jackson, Clare, Jagne, Abubacarr, Jaureguiberry, Stéphane, Jaworsky, Denise, Jego, Florence, Jelani, Anilawati Mat, Jenum, Synne, Jimbo-Sotomayor, Ruth, Joe, Ong Yiaw, Jorge García, Ruth Noemí, Jørgensen, Silje Bakken, Joseph, Cédric, Joseph, Mark, Joshi, Swosti, Jourdain, Mercé, Jouvet, Philippe, Jung, Anna, Jung, Hanna, Juzar, Dafsah, Kafif, Ouifiya, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kaisbain, Neerusha, Kaleesvran, Thavamany, Kali, Sabina, Kalleberg, Karl Trygve, Kalomoiri, Smaragdi, Ayadi Kamaluddin, Muhammad Aisar, Kamano, Armand Saloun, Che Kamaruddin, Zul Amali, Kamarudin, Nadiah, Kamineni, Kavita, Kandamby, Darshana Hewa, Kang, Kong Yeow, Kanwal, Darakhshan, Kanyawati, Dyah, Karghul, Mohamed, Karpayah, Pratap, Karsies, Todd, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Kasugai, Daisuke, Katz, Kevin, Kay, Christy, Kayyali, Lamees, Keating, Seán, Kedia, Pulak, Kelly, Andrea, Kelly, Aoife, Kelly, Claire, Kelly, Niamh, Kelly, Sadie, Kelly, Yvelynne, Kelsey, Maeve, Kennon, Kalynn, Keomany, Sommay, Kernan, Maeve, Kerroumi, Younes, Keshav, Sharma, Khail, Shams, Khaled, Sarah, Khalid, Imrana, Khalil, Antoine, Khan, Irfan, Khan, Quratul Ain, Khanal, Sushil, Khatak, Abid, Kherajani, Krish, Kho, Michelle E., Khoo, Denisa, Khoo, Ryan, Khoo, Saye, Khoso, Muhammad Nasir, Khuwaja, Amin, Kiat, Khor How, Kida, Yuri, Kiiza, Peter, Granerud, Beathe Kiland, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Kim, Jae Burm, Kimmoun, Antoine, Kindgen-Milles, Detlef, Kitamura, Nobuya, Kjetland Kjetland, Eyrun Floerecke, Klenerman, Paul, Klont, Rob, Bekken, Gry Kloumann, Knight, Stephen R., Kobbe, Robin, Forson, Paa Kobina, Kodippily, Chamira, Vasconcelos, Malte Kohns, Koirala, Sabin, Komatsu, Mamoru, Abebrese, Franklina Korkor, Korten, Volkan, Kouba, Stephanie, Kourouma, Mohamed Lamine, Kourouma, Karifa, Kpangon, Arsène, Krawczyk, Karolina, Kredan, Ali, Krishnan, Vinothini, Krishnan, Sudhir, Kruglova, Oksana, Krund, Anneli, Kuan, Pei Xuan, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepali, Kumar, Ganesh, Kumar, Mukesh, Kuriakose, Dinesh, Kurtzman, Ethan, Kutsogiannis, Demetrios, Kutsyna, Galyna, Bedu-Addo, Ama Kwakyewaa, Kwedi, Sylvie, Kyriakoulis, Konstantinos, Lachatre, Marie, Lacoste, Marie, Laffey, John G., Lafhej, Nadhem, Lagrange, Marie, Laine, Fabrice, Lairez, Olivier, Lakhey, Sanjay, Lambert, Marc, Lamontagne, François, Langelot-Richard, Marie, Langlois, Vincent, Lantang, Eka Yudha, Lanza, Marina, Laouénan, Cédric, Laribi, Samira, Lariviere, Delphine, Lasry, Stéphane, Lath, Sakshi, Latif, Naveed, Latifeh, Youssef, Launay, Odile, Laureillard, Didier, Lavie-Badie, Yoan, Law, Andy, Lawrence, Cassie, Lawrence, Teresa, Le, Minh, Le Bihan, Clément, Le Bris, Cyril, Le Falher, Georges, Le Fevre, Lucie, Le Hingrat, Quentin, Le Maréchal, Marion, Le Mestre, Soizic, Le Moal, Gwenaël, Le Moing, Vincent, Le Nagard, Hervé, Leal, Ema, Santos, Marta Leal, Lee, Biing Horng, Lee, Heng Gee, Lee, Su Hwan, Lee, James, Lee, Jennifer, Lee, Todd C., Lee, Yi Lin, Leeming, Gary, Lefebvre, Bénédicte, Lefebvre, Laurent, Lefèvre, Benjamin, LeGac, Sylvie, Lehiste, Merili-Helen, Lelievre, Jean-Daniel, Lellouche, François, Lemaignen, Adrien, Lemee, Véronique, Lemeur, Anthony, Lemmink, Gretchen, Lene, Ha Sha, Lennon, Jenny, León, Rafael, Leone, Marc, Lepik, Tanel, Lepiller, Quentin, Lescure, François-Xavier, Lesens, Olivier, Lesouhaitier, Mathieu, Lester-Grant, Amy, Letizia, Andrew, Letrou, Sophie, Levy, Bruno, Levy, Yves, Levy-Marchal, Claire, Lewandowska, Katarzyna, L'Her, Erwan, Bassi, Gianluigi Li, Liang, Janet, Liaquat, Ali, Liegeon, Geoffrey, Lim, Kah Chuan, Lim, Wei Shen, Lima, Chantre, Lina, Bruno, Lina, Lim, Lind, Andreas, Lingad, Maja Katherine, Lingas, Guillaume, Lion-Daolio, Sylvie, Liu, Keibun, Livrozet, Marine, Lizotte, Patricia, Loforte, Antonio, Lolong, Navy, Loon, Leong Chee, Lopes, Diogo, Lopez-Colon, Dalia, Loschner, Anthony L., Loubet, Paul, Loufti, Bouchra, Louis, Guillame, Lourenco, Silvia, Lovelace-Macon, Lara, Lee Low, Lee, Lowik, Marije, Loy, Jia Shyi, Lucet, Jean Christophe, Luna, Carlos M., Lungu, Olguta, Lunn, Miles, Luong, Liem, Luque, Nestor, Luton, Dominique, Maasikas, Olavi, Machado, Moïse, Machado, Sara, Macheda, Gabriel, Magzoub, Mustafa, Mahieu, Rafael, Mahy, Sophie, Maia, Ana Raquel, Maier, Lars S., Ascofare, Oumou Maiga, Maillet, Mylène, Maitre, Thomas, Majeed, Nimisha Abdul, Malfertheiner, Maximilian, Malik, Nadia, Mallon, Paddy, Maltez, Fernando, Malvy, Denis, Manda, Victoria, Mandelbrot, Laurent, Manetta, Frank, Mankikian, Julie, Manning, Edmund, Manuel, Aldric, Maráczi, Veronika, Sant′Ana Malaque, Ceila Maria, Marino, Flávio, Markowicz, Samuel, Marques, Ana, Marquis, Catherine, Marsh, Laura, Marsh, Brian, Marshal, 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Eduardo, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Martinot, Martin, Martín-Quiros, Alejandro, Martins, Ana, Martins, João, Martins, Nuno, Rego, Caroline Martins, Martucci, Gennaro, Martynenko, Olga, Marwali, Eva Miranda, Marzukie, Marsilla, Maslove, David, Mason, Sabina, Masood, Sobia, Masoud, Fatma, Massoma, Moise, Masumbe, Palmer, Mat Nor, Mohd Basri, Matan, Moshe, Fernandes, Henrique Mateus, Mathew, Meghena, Mathew, Christina, Mattei, Mathieu, Maulin, Laurence, May, Juergen, Maynar, Javier, Mayxay, Mayfong, Mazzoni, Thierry, Sweeney, Lisa Mc, McArthur, Colin, McCann, Naina, McCanny, Peter, McCarthy, Aine, McCarthy, Anne, McCloskey, Colin, McConnochie, Rachael, McDermott, Sherry, McDonald, Sarah E., McElroy, Aine, McElwee, Samuel, McEvoy, Natalie, McGeer, Allison, McLean, Kenneth A., McNally, Paul, McNicholas, Bairbre, Meaney, Edel, Mear-Passard, Cécile, Mechlin, Maggie, Medombou, Nastia, Mehkri, Omar, Mele, Ferruccio, Melo, Luis, Memon, Kashif Ali, Mendes, João João, Menkiti, Ogechukwu, Menon, Kusum, Mentré, France, Mentzer, Alexander J., Mercier, Emmanuelle, Mercier, Noémie, Merckx, Antoine, Mergeay-Fabre, Mayka, Mergler, Blake, Merson, Laura, Mesquita, António, Meta, Roberta, Metwally, Osama, Meybeck, Agnès, Meyer, Dan, Meynert, Alison M., Meysonnier, Vanina, Mezidi, Mehdi, Michelanglei, Céline, Michelet, Isabelle, Mihelis, Efstathia, Mihnovit, Vladislav, Abdullah, Duha Milad, Miller, Jennene, Miranda-Maldonado, Hugo, Misnan, Nor Arisah, Eliza Mohamed, Nik Nur, Mohamed, Nouralsabah, Mohamed, Tahira Jamal, Ads, Alaa Mohamed, Mohamed Elsayed Abdelhalim, Ahmed Reda, Mohammed, Libya, Mohammed Mostafa, Shrouk Fawze, Abdelrahman Mohammedahmed, Manahil Omer, Mohammedelhassan, Omer Abdullah, Moin, Asma, Mokhtar, Walaa, Molinos, Elena, Molloy, Brenda, Mone, Mary, Monteiro, Agostinho, Montes, Claudia, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Moore, Sarah, Moore, Shona C., Cely, Lina Morales, Morgom, Marwa, Moro, Lucia, Motherway, Catherine, Motos, Ana, Mouquet, Hugo, Perrot, Clara Mouton, Moyet, Julien, Mualla, Suleiman Haitham, Muftah, Mohamed, Mufti, Aisha Kalsoom, Muh, Ng Yong, Muhaisen, Mo'nes, Muhamad, Dzawani, Mullaert, Jimmy, Müller, Fredrik, Müller, Karl Erik, Munblit, Daniel, Ali, Syed Muneeb, Munir, Nadeem, Munshi, Laveena, Murphy, Aisling, Murray, Patrick, Murris, Marlène, Murthy, Srinivas, Musaab, Himed, Mustafa, Alamin, Mustafa, Mus'ab, Mustafa, Dana, Muvindi, Himasha, Myrodia, Dimitra Melia, Mohd-Hanafiah, Farah Nadia, Nadjm, Behzad, Nagpal, Dave, Nagrebetsky, Alex, Nagybányai-Nagy, Blanka, Boudoin, Herwin Nanda, Narasimhan, Mangala, Narayanan, Nageswaran, Nasa, Prashant, Khan, Rashid Nasim, Nasrallah, Ahmad, Nassif Metri, Adel Gerges, Nazerali-Maitland, Alasdair, Neant, Nadège, Neb, Holger, Nekliudov, Nikita, Nelder, Matthew, Nelwan, Erni, Neto, Raul, Neumann, Emily, Ng, Wing Yiu, Ng, Pauline Yeung, Nghi, Anthony, Nguyen, Duc, Choileain, Orna Ni, Leathlobhair, Niamh Ni, Niba, Nerissa, Nichol, Alistair D., Nitayavardhana, Prompak, Nonas, Stephanie, Mohd Noordin, Nurul Amani, Izzati Norharizam, Nurul Faten, North, Anita, Notari, Alessandra, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Nowinski, Adam, Nseir, Saad, Numfor, Leonard, Nurnaningsih, Nurnaningsih, Nusantara, Dwi Utomo, Nyamankolly, Elsa, Nygaard, Anders Benteson, Brien, Fionnuala O., Callaghan, Annmarie O., O'Callaghan, Annmarie, Occhipinti, Giovanna, OConnor, Derbrenn, O'Donnell, Max, Ofori-Boadu, Lawrence, Ogston, Tawnya, Ogura, Takayuki, Oh, Tak-Hyuk, O'Halloran, Sophie, O'Hearn, Katie, Ohene, Sally-Ann, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Oliveira, João, Oliveira, Larissa, Olliaro, Piero L., Rageh Elnaggar, Cinderella Omar, Mohammed Omer, Alsarrah Ali, Ondobo, Pierre, Ong, David S.Y., Ong, Jee Yan, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Opavsky, Anne, Openshaw, Peter, Orakzai, Saijad, Orozco-Chamorro, Claudia Milena, Ortoleva, Jamel, Elsayed Soliman, Mohamed Osama, Osatnik, Javier, O'Shea, Linda, O'Sullivan, Miriam, Othman, Eman, Othman, Siti Zubaidah, Ouamara, Nadia, Ouissa, Rachida, Owusu, Micheal, Owusu-Asare, Ama Akyampomaa, Oziol, 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Siaw-Frimpong, Moses, Sibiude, Jeanne, Sibounheuang, Bountoy, Siddig, Nidhal, Siddiqui, Atif, Siddiqui, Maqsood Ahmed, Sigfrid, Louise, Sillah, Fatoumata, Sillaots, Piret, Silva, Catarina, Silva, Maria Joao, Silva, Rogério, Lim Heng, Benedict Sim, Sin, Wai Ching, Sinatti, Dario, Singh, Mahendra, Singh, Punam, Sitompul, Pompini Agustina, Sivam, Karisha, Skogen, Vegard, Smith, Sue, Smood, Benjamin, Smyth, Coilin, Snacken, Morgane, So, Dominic, Soh, Tze Vee, Solberg, Lene Bergendal, Solomon, Joshua, Solomon, Tom, Somers, Emily, Sommet, Agnès, Song, Myung Jin, Song, Rima, Song, Tae, Chia, Jack Song, Søraas, Arne, Sotto, Albert, Soum, Edouard, Sousa, Ana Chora, Sousa, Marta, Uva, Maria Sousa, Souza-Dantas, Vicente, Sow, Mamadou Saliou, Sperry, Alexandra, Spinuzza, Elisabetta, Ruwan Sri Darshana, B. P. Sanka, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stabler, Sarah, Staudinger, Thomas, Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne, Steinsvik, Trude, Stienstra, Ymkje, Stiksrud, Birgitte, Stolz, Eva, Stone, Amy, Streinu-Cercel, Anca, Streinu-Cercel, Adrian, Strong, Geoff, Stuart, Ami, Stuart, David, Su, Richa, Subekti, Decy, Suen, Gabriel, Suen, Jacky Y., Sukumar, Prasanth, Sultana, Asfia, Summers, Charlotte, Supic, Dubravka, Suppiah, Deepashankari, Surovcová, Magdalena, Suwarti, Atie, Svistunov, Andrey, Syahrin, Sarah, Sylverken, Augustina, Syrigos, Konstantinos, Sztajnbok, Jaques, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty, Tabrizi, Shirin, Taccone, Fabio S., Tagherset, Lysa, Taib, Shahdattul Mawarni, Taleb, Sara, Talla, Cheikh, Talsma, Jelmer, Tamisier, Renaud, Tampubolon, Maria Lawrensia, Tan, Kim Keat, Tan, Yan Chyi, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Tanaka, Taku, Taniguchi, Hayato, Taqdees, Huda, Taqi, Arshad, Tardivon, Coralie, Kamal Mostafa, Yousef Tarek, Tarhabat, Ali, Tattevin, Pierre, Taufik, M Azhari, Tawfik, Hassan, Tee, Tze Yuan, Teixeira, João, Tejada, Sofia, Tellier, Marie-Capucine, Teoh, Sze Kye, Teotonio, Vanessa, Téoulé, François, Terrier, Olivier, Terzi, Nicolas, Tessier-Grenier, Hubert, Tey, Adrian, Mohd Thabit, Alif Adlan, Thakur, Anand, Tham, Zhang Duan, Thangavelu, Suvintheran, Theron, Elmi, Thibault, Vincent, Thiberville, Simon-Djamel, Thill, Benoît, Thirumanickam, Jananee, Thompson, Niamh, Thompson, Shaun, Thomson, Emma C., Thomson, David, Thorpe, Mathew, Thurai, Surain Raaj Thanga, Thwaites, Ryan S., Tierney, Paul, Tieroshyn, Vadim, Timashev, Peter S., Timsit, Jean-François, Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar, Tissot, Noémie, Toal, Fiona, Yang Toh, Jordan Zhien, Toki, Maria, Tonby, Kristian, Tonnii, Sia Loong, Torre, Marta, Torres, Antoni, Torres, Margarida, Santos-Olmo, Rosario Maria Torres, Torres-Zevallos, Hernando, Tounkara, Aboubacar, Towers, Michael, Traoré, Fodé Amara, Trapani, Tony, Tromeur, Cécile, Trontzas, Ioannis, Trouillon, Tiffany, Truong, Jeanne, Tual, Christelle, Tubiana, Sarah, Tuite, Helen, Turgeon, Alexis F., Turmel, Jean-Marie, Turtle, Lance C.W., Tveita, Anders, Twardowski, Pawel, Uchiyama, Makoto, Udayanga, PG Ishara, Udy, Andrew, Ullrich, Roman, Uribe, Alberto, Usman, Asad, Usuf, Effua, Uyeki, Timothy M., Vajdovics, Cristinava, Valentini, Piero, Val-Flores, Luís, Van de Velde, Stijn, van den Berge, Marcel, van der Feltz, Machteld, van der Palen, Job, van der Valk, Paul, Van Der Vekens, Nicky, Van der Voort, Peter, Van Der Werf, Sylvie, van Gulik, Laura, Van Hattem, Jarne, van Netten, Carolien, van Veen, Ilonka, Vanel, Noémie, Vanoverschelde, Henk, Varrone, Michael, Vasudayan, Shoban Raj, Vauchy, Charline, Vecham, Pavan Kumar, Veeran, Shaminee, Veislinger, Aurélie, Vencken, Sebastian, Ventura, Sara, Verbon, Annelies, Vidal, José Ernesto, Vieira, César, Vijayan, Deepak, Villar, Judit, Villeneuve, Pierre-Marc, Villoldo, Andrea, Vishwanathan, Gayatri, Visseaux, Benoit, Visser, Hannah, Vitiello, Chiara, Vongsouvath, Manivanh, Vonkeman, Harald, Vuotto, Fanny, Wahab, Suhaila Abdul, Wahab, Noor Hidayu, Wahid, Nadirah Abdul, Wainstein, Marina, Walsh, Laura, Shukeri, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd, Wang, Chih-Hsien, Webb, Steve, Wei, Jia, Weil, Katharina, Wen, Tan Pei, Wesam, Hassi, Wesselius, Sanne, West, T. Eoin, Wham, Murray, Whelan, Bryan, White, Nicole, Wicky, Paul Henri, Wiedemann, Aurélie, Wijaya, Surya Otto, Wille, Keith, Willems, Sue, Williams, Bailey, Williams, Patricia J., Williams, Virginie, Wils, Evert-Jan, Wittman, Jessica, Wong, Calvin, Wong, Xin Ci, Wong, Yew Sing, Wong, Teck Fung, Wright, Natalie, Xian, Lim Saio, Xynogalas, Ioannis, Binti Mohd Yakop, Siti Rohani, Yamazaki, Masaki, Yarad, Elizabeth, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Hing, Nicholas Yee Liang, Mahmoud Abdelaal, Abdelrahman Yehia, Yelnik, Cécile, Yeoh, Chian Hui, Yerkovich, Stephanie, Yiaye, Touxiong, Yokoyama, Toshiki, Yonis, Hodane, Yousif, Obada, Yuliarto, Saptadi, Zaaqoq, Akram, Zabbe, Marion, Zabert, Gustavo E., Zacharowski, Kai, Zahid, Masliza, Zahran, Maram, Binti Zaidan, Nor Zaila, Zambon, Maria, Zambrano, Miguel, Zanella, Alberto, Zaynah, Nurul, Zayyad, Hiba, Zoufaly, Alexander, Zucman, David, Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D., Gonçalves, Bronner P., Baruch, Joaquin, Escher, Martina, Philippy, Fred, Kutsogiannis, Demetrios James, Vaillant, Michel, and Olliaro, Piero

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2024
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