Author: "Martin, H.C." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

42 results on '"Martin, H.C."'

1. Highly Ordered Supramolecular Materials of Phase‐Separated Block Molecules for Long‐Range Exciton Transport

Author: van Son, Martin H.C., primary, Berghuis, Anton M., additional, de Waal, Bas F.M., additional, Wenzel, Felix A., additional, Kreger, Klaus, additional, Schmidt, Hans‐Werner, additional, Rivas, Jaime Gómez, additional, Vantomme, Ghislaine, additional, and Meijer, E.W., additional
Published: 2023
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2. Highly Ordered Supramolecular Materials of Phase-Separated Block Molecules for Long-Range Exciton Transport

Author: van Son, Martin H.C., Berghuis, Anton M., de Waal, Bas F.M., Wenzel, Felix A., Kreger, Klaus, Schmidt, Hans-Werner, Gómez Rivas, Jaime, Vantomme, Ghislaine, Meijer, E. W., van Son, Martin H.C., Berghuis, Anton M., de Waal, Bas F.M., Wenzel, Felix A., Kreger, Klaus, Schmidt, Hans-Werner, Gómez Rivas, Jaime, Vantomme, Ghislaine, and Meijer, E. W.
Abstract: Efficient energy transport over long distances is essential for optoelectronic and light-harvesting devices. Although self-assembled nanofibers of organic molecules are shown to exhibit long exciton diffusion lengths, alignment of these nanofibers into films with large, organized domains with similar properties remains a challenge. Here, it is shown how the functionalization of C3-symmetric carbonyl-bridged triarylamine trisamide (CBT) with oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMS) side chains of discrete length leads to fully covered surfaces with aligned domains up to 125 × 70 µm2 in which long-range exciton transport takes place. The nanoscale morphology within the domains consists of highly ordered nanofibers with discrete intercolumnar spacings within a soft amorphous oDMS matrix. The oDMS prevents bundling of the CBT fibers, reducing the number of defects within the CBT columns. As a result, the columns have a high degree of coherence, leading to exciton diffusion lengths of a few hundred nanometers with exciton diffusivities (≈0.05 cm2 s−1) that are comparable to those of a crystalline tetracene. These findings represent the next step toward fully covered surfaces of highly aligned nanofibers through functionalization with oDMS.
Published: 2023

3. Tuning the donor-acceptor interactions in phase-segregated block molecules

Author: Martin H.C. van Son, Takuzo Aida, Kazuki Komatsu, Anja R. A. Palmans, José Augusto Berrocal, E. W. Meijer, Bas F. M. de Waal, Freek V de Graaf, Bart W. L. van den Bersselaar, Brigitte A. G. Lamers, Hiroshi Sato, Stefan C. J. Meskers, Ghislaine Vantomme, Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Macro-Organic Chemistry, Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis, Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, ICMS Core, and EIRES Chem. for Sustainable Energy Systems
Subjects: Materials science, Process Chemistry and Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Oligomer, 0104 chemical sciences, Nanomaterials, law.invention, Chemistry, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, law, Siloxane, Phase (matter), Molecule, Pyrene, General Materials Science, Lamellar structure, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Crystallization, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The assembly of donor–acceptor molecules via charge transfer (CT) interactions gives rise to highly ordered nanomaterials with appealing electronic properties. Here, we present the synthesis and bulk co-assembly of pyrene (Pyr) and naphthalenediimide (NDI) functionalized oligodimethylsiloxanes (oDMS) of discrete length. We tune the donor–acceptor interactions by connecting the pyrene and NDI to the same oligomer, forming a heterotelechelic block molecule (NDI-oDMSPyr), and to two separate oligomers, giving Pyr and NDI homotelechelic block molecules (Pyr-oDMS and NDI-oDMS). Liquid crystalline materials are obtained for binary mixtures of Pyr-oDMS and NDI-oDMS, while crystallization of the CT dimers occurred for the heterotelechelic NDI-oDMS-Pyr block molecule. The synergy between crystallization and phase-segregation coupled with the discrete length of the oDMS units allows for perfect order and sharp interfaces between the insulating siloxane and CT layers composed of crystalline CT dimers. We were able to tune the lamellar domain spacing and donor–acceptor CT interactions by applying pressures up to 6 GPa on the material, making the system promising for soft-material nanotechnologies. These results demonstrate the importance of the molecular design to tune the CT interactions and stability of a CT material., A robust, soft material held together by charge transfer interactions is developed. The nanostructure dimensions and material properties can be tuned by molecular design or pressure.
Published: 2022

4. Post-radiation primary hypothyroidism in patients with head and neck cancer: External validation of thyroid gland dose-volume constraints with long-term endocrine outcomes

Author: James C.H. Chow, Jeffrey C.F. Lui, Ka-Man Cheung, Anthony H.P. Tam, Martin H.C. Lam, Tony Y.S. Yuen, Francis K.H. Lee, Alex K.C. Leung, Kwok-Hung Au, Wai-Tong Ng, Anne W.M. Lee, Chung-Kong Kwan, and Harry H.Y. Yiu
Subjects: Oncology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Hematology
Abstract: Post-radiation primary hypothyroidism is a common late complication in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. No radiation dose-volume constraint of the thyroid gland has been externally validated for predicting long-term thyroid function outcomes.This external validation study evaluated the diagnostic properties of 22 radiation dose-volume constraints of the thyroid gland proposed in the literature. Radiation dosimetric data from 488 HNC patients who underwent neck irradiation from January 2013 to December 2015 at two tertiary oncology centers were reviewed. The diagnostic metrics of candidate constraints were computed by inverse probability of censoring weighting and compared using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with death designated as a competing event. Multivariable regression analyses were performed using the Fine-Gray sub-distribution hazard model.Over a median follow-up period of 6.8 years, 205 (42.0 %) patients developed post-radiation primary hypothyroidism. The thyroid volume spared from 60 Gy (VS60) had the largest area under ROC curve of 0.698 at 5 years after radiotherapy. Of all evaluated constraints, VS60 at a cutoff value of 10 cc had the highest F-score of 0.53. The 5-year hypothyroidism risks of patients with thyroid VS60 ≥ 10 cc and 10 cc were 14.7 % and 38.2 %, respectively (p 0.001). The adjusted sub-hazard ratio for post-radiation primary hypothyroidism for VS60 10 cc was 1.87 (95 % confidence interval, 1.22-2.87; p 0.001).Thyroid VS60 is the best radiation dose-volume parameter to predict the long-term risk of primary hypothyroidism in patients with HNC who underwent neck irradiation. VS60 ≥ 10 cc is a robust constraint that limits the 5-year primary hypothyroidism risk to less than 15 % and should be routinely employed during radiotherapy optimization.
Published: 2022

5. Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Author: Kanoni, S., Graham, S.E., Wang, Yuxuan, Surakka, I., Ramdas, S., Zhu, X, Clarke, S.L., Bhatti, K.F., Vedantam, S., Winkler, T.W., Locke, A.E., Marouli, E., Zajac, G.J.M., Wu, K.H., Ntalla, I., Hui, Q., Klarin, D., Hilliard, A.T., Wang, Zeyuan, Xue, C., Thorleifsson, G., Helgadottir, A., Gudbjartsson, D.F., Holm, H., Olafsson, I., Hwang, M.Y., Han, S., Akiyama, M., Sakaue, S., Terao, C., Kanai, M., Zhou, W, Brumpton, B.M., Rasheed, H., Havulinna, A.S., Veturi, Y., Pacheco, J.A., Rosenthal, E.A., Lingren, T., Feng, Q., Kullo, I.J., Narita, A., Takayama, J., Martin, H.C., Hunt, K.A., Trivedi, B., Haessler, J., Giulianini, F., Bradford, Y., Miller, J.E., Campbell, A., Lin, K., Millwood, I.Y., Rasheed, A., Hindy, G., Faul, J.D., Zhao, Wei, Weir, D.R., Turman, C., Huang, H., Graff, M, Choudhury, A., Sengupta, D., Mahajan, A., Brown, M.R., Zhang, W, Yu, K., Schmidt, E.M., Pandit, A., Gustafsson, S., Yin, X., Luan, J, Zhao, J.H., Matsuda, F., Jang, H.M., Yoon, K., Medina-Gomez, C., Pitsillides, A., Hottenga, J.J., Wood, A.R., Ji, Y., Gao, Z, Haworth, S., Yousri, N.A., Mitchell, R.E., Chai, J.F., Aadahl, M., Bjerregaard, A.A., Yao, J., Manichaikul, A., Hwu, C.M., Hung, Y.J., Warren, H.R., Ramirez, J., Bork-Jensen, J., Kårhus, L.L., Goel, A., Sabater-Lleal, M., Noordam, R., Mauro, P., Galesloot, T.E., Lores-Motta, L., Pauper, M., Hollander, A.I. den, Kiemeney, L.A.L.M., Graaf, J. de, Assimes, T.L., Peloso, G.M., Kanoni, S., Graham, S.E., Wang, Yuxuan, Surakka, I., Ramdas, S., Zhu, X, Clarke, S.L., Bhatti, K.F., Vedantam, S., Winkler, T.W., Locke, A.E., Marouli, E., Zajac, G.J.M., Wu, K.H., Ntalla, I., Hui, Q., Klarin, D., Hilliard, A.T., Wang, Zeyuan, Xue, C., Thorleifsson, G., Helgadottir, A., Gudbjartsson, D.F., Holm, H., Olafsson, I., Hwang, M.Y., Han, S., Akiyama, M., Sakaue, S., Terao, C., Kanai, M., Zhou, W, Brumpton, B.M., Rasheed, H., Havulinna, A.S., Veturi, Y., Pacheco, J.A., Rosenthal, E.A., Lingren, T., Feng, Q., Kullo, I.J., Narita, A., Takayama, J., Martin, H.C., Hunt, K.A., Trivedi, B., Haessler, J., Giulianini, F., Bradford, Y., Miller, J.E., Campbell, A., Lin, K., Millwood, I.Y., Rasheed, A., Hindy, G., Faul, J.D., Zhao, Wei, Weir, D.R., Turman, C., Huang, H., Graff, M, Choudhury, A., Sengupta, D., Mahajan, A., Brown, M.R., Zhang, W, Yu, K., Schmidt, E.M., Pandit, A., Gustafsson, S., Yin, X., Luan, J, Zhao, J.H., Matsuda, F., Jang, H.M., Yoon, K., Medina-Gomez, C., Pitsillides, A., Hottenga, J.J., Wood, A.R., Ji, Y., Gao, Z, Haworth, S., Yousri, N.A., Mitchell, R.E., Chai, J.F., Aadahl, M., Bjerregaard, A.A., Yao, J., Manichaikul, A., Hwu, C.M., Hung, Y.J., Warren, H.R., Ramirez, J., Bork-Jensen, J., Kårhus, L.L., Goel, A., Sabater-Lleal, M., Noordam, R., Mauro, P., Galesloot, T.E., Lores-Motta, L., Pauper, M., Hollander, A.I. den, Kiemeney, L.A.L.M., Graaf, J. de, Assimes, T.L., and Peloso, G.M.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. RESULTS: To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
Published: 2022

6. A multi-layer functional genomic analysis to understand noncoding genetic variation in lipids

Author: Ramdas, S., Judd, J., Graham, S.E., Kanoni, S., Wang, Y, Surakka, I., Wenz, B., Clarke, S.L., Chesi, A., Wells, A., Bhatti, K.F., Vedantam, S., Locke, A.E., Marouli, E., Zajac, G.J.M., Wu, K.H., Ntalla, I., Hui, Q., Klarin, D., Hilliard, A.T., Wang, Z, Xue, C., Helgadottir, A., Gudbjartsson, D.F., Holm, H., Olafsson, I., Hwang, M.Y., Han, S., Akiyama, M., Sakaue, S., Terao, C., Kanai, M., Zhou, W, Brumpton, B.M., Rasheed, H., Havulinna, A.S., Veturi, Y., Pacheco, J.A., Rosenthal, E.A., Lingren, T., Feng, Q., Kullo, I.J., Narita, A., Takayama, J., Martin, H.C., Hunt, K.A., Trivedi, B., Haessler, J., Giulianini, F., Bradford, Y., Miller, J.E., Campbell, A., Lin, K., Millwood, I.Y., Rasheed, A., Hindy, G., Faul, J.D., Zhao, W, Weir, D.R., Turman, C., Huang, H., Graff, Mariaelisa, Choudhury, A., Sengupta, D., Mahajan, A., Brown, M.R., Yu, K., Schmidt, E.M., Pandit, A., Gustafsson, S., Yin, X., Luan, J, Zhao, J.H., Matsuda, F., Jang, H.M., Yoon, K., Medina-Gomez, C., Pitsillides, A., Hottenga, J.J., Wood, A.R., Ji, Y., Gao, Z, Haworth, S., Mitchell, R.E., Chai, J.F., Aadahl, M., Bjerregaard, A.A., Yao, J., Manichaikul, A., Lee, W.J., Hsiung, C.A., Warren, H.R., Ramirez, J., Bork-Jensen, J., Kårhus, L.L., Goel, A., Galesloot, T.E., Lores de Motta, L., Pauper, M., Hollander, A.I. den, Kiemeney, L.A.L.M., Zhu, Xiang, Brown, C.D., Ramdas, S., Judd, J., Graham, S.E., Kanoni, S., Wang, Y, Surakka, I., Wenz, B., Clarke, S.L., Chesi, A., Wells, A., Bhatti, K.F., Vedantam, S., Locke, A.E., Marouli, E., Zajac, G.J.M., Wu, K.H., Ntalla, I., Hui, Q., Klarin, D., Hilliard, A.T., Wang, Z, Xue, C., Helgadottir, A., Gudbjartsson, D.F., Holm, H., Olafsson, I., Hwang, M.Y., Han, S., Akiyama, M., Sakaue, S., Terao, C., Kanai, M., Zhou, W, Brumpton, B.M., Rasheed, H., Havulinna, A.S., Veturi, Y., Pacheco, J.A., Rosenthal, E.A., Lingren, T., Feng, Q., Kullo, I.J., Narita, A., Takayama, J., Martin, H.C., Hunt, K.A., Trivedi, B., Haessler, J., Giulianini, F., Bradford, Y., Miller, J.E., Campbell, A., Lin, K., Millwood, I.Y., Rasheed, A., Hindy, G., Faul, J.D., Zhao, W, Weir, D.R., Turman, C., Huang, H., Graff, Mariaelisa, Choudhury, A., Sengupta, D., Mahajan, A., Brown, M.R., Yu, K., Schmidt, E.M., Pandit, A., Gustafsson, S., Yin, X., Luan, J, Zhao, J.H., Matsuda, F., Jang, H.M., Yoon, K., Medina-Gomez, C., Pitsillides, A., Hottenga, J.J., Wood, A.R., Ji, Y., Gao, Z, Haworth, S., Mitchell, R.E., Chai, J.F., Aadahl, M., Bjerregaard, A.A., Yao, J., Manichaikul, A., Lee, W.J., Hsiung, C.A., Warren, H.R., Ramirez, J., Bork-Jensen, J., Kårhus, L.L., Goel, A., Galesloot, T.E., Lores de Motta, L., Pauper, M., Hollander, A.I. den, Kiemeney, L.A.L.M., Zhu, Xiang, and Brown, C.D.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, A major challenge of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) is to translate phenotypic associations into biological insights. Here, we integrate a large GWAS on blood lipids involving 1.6 million individuals from five ancestries with a wide array of functional genomic datasets to discover regulatory mechanisms underlying lipid associations. We first prioritize lipid-associated genes with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) colocalizations and then add chromatin interaction data to narrow the search for functional genes. Polygenic enrichment analysis across 697 annotations from a host of tissues and cell types confirms the central role of the liver in lipid levels and highlights the selective enrichment of adipose-specific chromatin marks in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Overlapping transcription factor (TF) binding sites with lipid-associated loci identifies TFs relevant in lipid biology. In addition, we present an integrative framework to prioritize causal variants at GWAS loci, producing a comprehensive list of candidate causal genes and variants with multiple layers of functional evidence. We highlight two of the prioritized genes, CREBRF and RRBP1, which show convergent evidence across functional datasets supporting their roles in lipid biology.
Published: 2022

7. Tuning the donor-acceptor interactions in phase-segregated block molecules

Author: Lamers, Brigitte A.G., van Son, Martin H.C., de Graaf, Freek V., van den Bersselaar, Bart W.L., de Waal, Bas F.M., Komatsu, Kazuki, Sato, Hiroshi, Aida, Takuzo, Berrocal, José Augusto, Palmans, Anja R.A., Vantomme, Ghislaine, Meskers, Stefan C.J., Meijer, E.W., Lamers, Brigitte A.G., van Son, Martin H.C., de Graaf, Freek V., van den Bersselaar, Bart W.L., de Waal, Bas F.M., Komatsu, Kazuki, Sato, Hiroshi, Aida, Takuzo, Berrocal, José Augusto, Palmans, Anja R.A., Vantomme, Ghislaine, Meskers, Stefan C.J., and Meijer, E.W.
Abstract: The assembly of donor-acceptor molecules via charge transfer (CT) interactions gives rise to highly ordered nanomaterials with appealing electronic properties. Here, we present the synthesis and bulk co-assembly of pyrene (Pyr) and naphthalenediimide (NDI) functionalized oligodimethylsiloxanes (oDMS) of discrete length. We tune the donor-acceptor interactions by connecting the pyrene and NDI to the same oligomer, forming a heterotelechelic block molecule (NDI-oDMSPyr), and to two separate oligomers, giving Pyr and NDI homotelechelic block molecules (Pyr-oDMS and NDI-oDMS). Liquid crystalline materials are obtained for binary mixtures of Pyr-oDMS and NDI-oDMS, while crystallization of the CT dimers occurred for the heterotelechelic NDI-oDMS-Pyr block molecule. The synergy between crystallization and phase-segregation coupled with the discrete length of the oDMS units allows for perfect order and sharp interfaces between the insulating siloxane and CT layers composed of crystalline CT dimers. We were able to tune the lamellar domain spacing and donor-acceptor CT interactions by applying pressures up to 6 GPa on the material, making the system promising for soft-material nanotechnologies. These results demonstrate the importance of the molecular design to tune the CT interactions and stability of a CT material.
Published: 2022

8. Molecular design principles for achieving strong chiroptical properties of fluorene copolymers in thin films

Author: Chidambar Kulkarni, Martin H.C. van Son, Anja R. A. Palmans, E. W. Meijer, Daniele Di Nuzzo, Stefan C. J. Meskers, Macro-Organic Chemistry, Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, and Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Photoluminescence, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Polymer, Fluorene, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enantiopure drug, chemistry, Chemical physics, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Side chain, Absorption (chemistry), Thin film, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Understanding the molecular level origin of chiroptical properties in enantiopure π-conjugated polymers is essential for tailoring these materials for application in organic light-emitting diodes and photonic devices. Here we have studied poly(9,9′-dialkylfluorene-alt-2,5-dialkoxyphenyl)s as prototypical copolymers to investigate their structure-chiroptical property relationship. The effect of a systematic variation of the location and configuration (S or R) of chiral and achiral side chains in the repeating units on the liquid crystalline ordering and its relationship to chiroptical properties were investigated. The results clearly indicate that enantiopure side chains on the fluorene units are critical for obtaining the cholesteric liquid crystalline ordering and thereby strong chiroptical properties in both absorption and photoluminescence in annealed thin films. Finally, solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes constructed from a liquid crystalline polymer show strong emission of circularly polarized light, demonstrating the potential application of these systems.
Published: 2019

9. The contribution of X-linked coding variation to severe developmental disorders

Author: Martin, H.C., Gardner, E.J., Samocha, K.E., Kaplanis, J., Akawi, N., Sifrim, A., Eberhardt, R.Y., Tavares, A.L.T., Neville, M.D.C., Niemi, M.E.K., Gallone, G., McRae, J., Wright, C.F., FitzPatrick, D.R., Firth, H.V., and Hurles, M.E.
Abstract: Over 130 X-linked genes have been robustly associated with developmental disorders, and X-linked causes have been hypothesised to underlie the higher developmental disorder rates in males. Here, we evaluate the burden of X-linked coding variation in 11,044 developmental disorder patients, and find a similar rate of X-linked causes in males and females (6.0% and 6.9%, respectively), indicating that such variants do not account for the 1.4-fold male bias. We develop an improved strategy to detect X-linked developmental disorders and identify 23 significant genes, all of which were previously known, consistent with our inference that the vast majority of the X-linked burden is in known developmental disorder-associated genes. Importantly, we estimate that, in male probands, only 13% of inherited rare missense variants in known developmental disorder-associated genes are likely to be pathogenic. Our results demonstrate that statistical analysis of large datasets can refine our understanding of modes of inheritance for individual X-linked disorders.
Published: 2021

10. The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids

Author: Graham, S.E., Clarke, S.L., Wu, K.H., Kanoni, S., Zajac, G.J.M., Ramdas, S., Surakka, I., Ntalla, I., Vedantam, S., Winkler, T.W., Locke, A.E., Marouli, E., Hwang, M.Y., Han, S., Narita, A., Choudhury, A., Bentley, A.R., Ekoru, K., Verma, A., Trivedi, B., Martin, H.C., Hunt, K.A., Hui, Q., Klarin, D., Zhu, X, Thorleifsson, G., Helgadottir, A., Gudbjartsson, D.F., Holm, H., Olafsson, I., Akiyama, M., Sakaue, S., Terao, C., Kanai, M., Zhou, W., Brumpton, B.M., Rasheed, H., Ruotsalainen, S.E., Havulinna, A.S., Veturi, Y., Feng, Q., Rosenthal, E.A., Lingren, T., Pacheco, J.A., Pendergrass, S.A., Haessler, J., Giulianini, F., Bradford, Y., Miller, J.E., Campbell, A., Lin, K., Millwood, I.Y., Hindy, G., Rasheed, A., Faul, J.D., Zhao, W., Weir, D.R., Turman, C., Huang, H., Graff, M, Mahajan, A., Brown, M.R., Zhang, W., Yu, K., Schmidt, E.M., Pandit, A., Gustafsson, S., Yin, X., Luan, J., Zhao, J.H., Matsuda, F., Jang, H.M., Yoon, K., Medina-Gomez, C., Pitsillides, A., Hottenga, J.J., Willemsen, G., Wood, A.R., Ji, Y., Gao, Z, Haworth, S., Mitchell, R.E., Chai, J.F., Aadahl, M., Yao, J., Manichaikul, A., Warren, H.R., Ramirez, J., Bork-Jensen, J., Kårhus, L.L., Goel, A., Sabater-Lleal, M., Noordam, R., Sidore, C., Fiorillo, E., McDaid, A.F., Marques-Vidal, P., Wielscher, M., Trompet, S., Sattar, N., Galesloot, T.E., Kiemeney, B., Graaf, J. de, Lores de Motta, L., Pauper, M., Hollander, A.I. den, Sun, Y.V., Willer, C.J., Graham, S.E., Clarke, S.L., Wu, K.H., Kanoni, S., Zajac, G.J.M., Ramdas, S., Surakka, I., Ntalla, I., Vedantam, S., Winkler, T.W., Locke, A.E., Marouli, E., Hwang, M.Y., Han, S., Narita, A., Choudhury, A., Bentley, A.R., Ekoru, K., Verma, A., Trivedi, B., Martin, H.C., Hunt, K.A., Hui, Q., Klarin, D., Zhu, X, Thorleifsson, G., Helgadottir, A., Gudbjartsson, D.F., Holm, H., Olafsson, I., Akiyama, M., Sakaue, S., Terao, C., Kanai, M., Zhou, W., Brumpton, B.M., Rasheed, H., Ruotsalainen, S.E., Havulinna, A.S., Veturi, Y., Feng, Q., Rosenthal, E.A., Lingren, T., Pacheco, J.A., Pendergrass, S.A., Haessler, J., Giulianini, F., Bradford, Y., Miller, J.E., Campbell, A., Lin, K., Millwood, I.Y., Hindy, G., Rasheed, A., Faul, J.D., Zhao, W., Weir, D.R., Turman, C., Huang, H., Graff, M, Mahajan, A., Brown, M.R., Zhang, W., Yu, K., Schmidt, E.M., Pandit, A., Gustafsson, S., Yin, X., Luan, J., Zhao, J.H., Matsuda, F., Jang, H.M., Yoon, K., Medina-Gomez, C., Pitsillides, A., Hottenga, J.J., Willemsen, G., Wood, A.R., Ji, Y., Gao, Z, Haworth, S., Mitchell, R.E., Chai, J.F., Aadahl, M., Yao, J., Manichaikul, A., Warren, H.R., Ramirez, J., Bork-Jensen, J., Kårhus, L.L., Goel, A., Sabater-Lleal, M., Noordam, R., Sidore, C., Fiorillo, E., McDaid, A.F., Marques-Vidal, P., Wielscher, M., Trompet, S., Sattar, N., Galesloot, T.E., Kiemeney, B., Graaf, J. de, Lores de Motta, L., Pauper, M., Hollander, A.I. den, Sun, Y.V., and Willer, C.J.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Increased blood lipid levels are heritable risk factors of cardiovascular disease with varied prevalence worldwide owing to different dietary patterns and medication use(1). Despite advances in prevention and treatment, in particular through reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(2), heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide(3). Genome-wideassociation studies (GWAS) of blood lipid levels have led to important biological and clinical insights, as well as new drug targets, for cardiovascular disease. However, most previous GWAS(4-23) have been conducted in European ancestry populations and may have missed genetic variants that contribute to lipid-level variation in other ancestry groups. These include differences in allele frequencies, effect sizes and linkage-disequilibrium patterns(24). Here we conduct a multi-ancestry, genome-wide genetic discovery meta-analysis of lipid levels in approximately 1.65 million individuals, including 350,000 of non-European ancestries. We quantify the gain in studying non-European ancestries and provide evidence to support the expansion of recruitment of additional ancestries, even with relatively small sample sizes. We find that increasing diversity rather than studying additional individuals of European ancestry results in substantial improvements in fine-mapping functional variants and portability of polygenic prediction (evaluated in approximately 295,000 individuals from 7 ancestry groupings). Modest gains in the number of discovered loci and ancestry-specific variants were also achieved. As GWAS expand emphasis beyond the identification of genes and fundamental biology towards the use of genetic variants for preventive and precision medicine(25), we anticipate that increased diversity of participants will lead to more accurate and equitable(26) application of polygenic scores in clinical practice.
Published: 2021

11. Highly Ordered 2D-Assemblies of Phase-Segregated Block Molecules for Upconverted Linearly Polarized Emission

Author: Jaime Gómez Rivas, Bas F. M. de Waal, Martin H.C. van Son, Ghislaine Vantomme, Anton Matthijs Berghuis, E. W. Meijer, Fabian Eisenreich, Macro-Organic Chemistry, Surface Photonics, Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics, Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, ICMS Business Operations, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
Subjects: linearly polarized emission, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), triplet energy migration, Mechanical Engineering, Doping, 2D-assemblies, 02 engineering and technology, photon upconversion, Chromophore, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Photon upconversion, triplet–triplet annihilation, 0104 chemical sciences, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical physics, Microscopy, Molecule, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Excitation, Order of magnitude
Abstract: Materials based on the laminar ordering of self-assembled molecules have a unique potential for applications requiring efficient energy migration through densely packed chromophores. Here, employing molecular assemblies of coil–rod–coil block molecules for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) based on triplet energy migration with linearly polarized emission is reported. By covalently attaching discrete-length oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMS) to 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), highly ordered 2D crystalline DPA sheets separated by oDMS layers are obtained. Transparent films of this material doped with small amounts of triplet sensitizer PtII octaethylporphyrin show air-stable TTA-UC under non-coherent excitation. Upon annealing, an increase in TTA-UC up to two orders of magnitude is observed originating from both an improved molecular ordering of DPA and an increased dispersion of the sensitizer. The molecular alignment in millimeter-sized domains leads to upconverted linearly polarized emission without alignment layers. By using a novel technique, upconversion imaging microscopy, the TTA-UC intensity is spatially resolved on a micrometer scale to visually demonstrate the importance of molecular dispersion of sensitizer molecules for efficient TTA-UC. The reported results are promising for anti-counterfeiting and 3D night-vision applications, but also exemplify the potential of discrete oligodimethylsiloxane functionalized chromophores for highly aligned and densely packed molecular materials.
Published: 2020

12. Evidence for 28 genetic disorders discovered by combining healthcare and research data

Author: Kaplanis, J., Samocha, K.E., Wiel, L., Zhang, Z., Arvai, K.J., Eberhardt, R.Y., Gallone, G., Lelieveld, S.H., Martin, H.C., McRae, J.F., Short, P.J., Torene, R.I., de Boer, E., Danecek, P., Gardner, E.J., Huang, N., Lord, J., Martincorena, I., Pfundt, R., Reijnders, M.R.F., Yeung, A., Yntema, H.G., Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, Vissers, L.E.L.M., Juusola, J., Wright, C.F., Brunner, H.G., Firth, H.V., FitzPatrick, D.R., Barrett, J.C., Hurles, M.E., Gilissen, C., and Retterer, K.
Abstract: De novo mutations in protein-coding genes are a well-established cause of developmental disorders. However, genes known to be associated with developmental disorders account for only a minority of the observed excess of such de novo mutations. Here, to identify previously undescribed genes associated with developmental disorders, we integrate healthcare and research exome-sequence data from 31,058 parent–offspring trios of individuals with developmental disorders, and develop a simulation-based statistical test to identify gene-specific enrichment of de novo mutations. We identified 285 genes that were significantly associated with developmental disorders, including 28 that had not previously been robustly associated with developmental disorders. Although we detected more genes associated with developmental disorders, much of the excess of de novo mutations in protein-coding genes remains unaccounted for. Modelling suggests that more than 1,000 genes associated with developmental disorders have not yet been described, many of which are likely to be less penetrant than the currently known genes. Research access to clinical diagnostic datasets will be critical for completing the map of genes associated with developmental disorders.
Published: 2020

13. Incremental nonlinear dimensionality reduction by manifold learning

Author: Law, Martin H.C. and Jain, Anil K.
Subjects: Manifolds (Mathematics) -- Analysis, Machine learning -- Analysis, Machine theory -- Analysis
Abstract: Understanding the structure of multidimensional patterns, especially in unsupervised cases, is of fundamental importance in data mining, pattern recognition, and machine learning. Several algorithms have been proposed to analyze the structure of high-dimensional data based on the notion of manifold learning. These algorithms have been used to extract the intrinsic characteristics of different types of high-dimensional data by performing nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Most of these algorithms operate in a "batch" mode and cannot be efficiently applied when data are collected sequentially. In this paper, we describe an incremental version of ISOMAP, one of the key manifold learning algorithms. Our experiments on synthetic data as well as real world images demonstrate that our modified algorithm can maintain an accurate low-dimensional representation of the data in an efficient manner. Index Terms--Incremental learning, dimensionality reduction, ISOMAP, manifold learning, unsupervised learning.
Published: 2006

14. Simultaneous feature selection and clustering using mixture models

Author: Law, Martin H.C., Figueiredo, Mario A.T., and Jain, Anil K.
Subjects: Machine vision -- Research
Abstract: Clustering is a common unsupervised learning technique used to discover group structure in a set of data. While there exist many algorithms for clustering, the important issue of feature selection, that is, what attributes of the data should be used by the clustering algorithms, is rarely touched upon. Feature selection for clustering is difficult because, unlike in supervised learning, there are no class labels for the data and, thus, no obvious criteria to guide the search. Another important problem in clustering is the determination of the number of clusters, which clearly impacts and is influenced by the feature selection issue. In this paper, we propose the concept of feature saliency and introduce an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate it, in the context of mixture-based clustering. Due to the introduction of a minimum message length model selection criterion, the saliency of irrelevant features is driven toward zero, which corresponds to performing feature selection. The criterion and algorithm are then extended to simultaneously estimate the feature saliencies and the number of clusters. Index Terms--Feature selection, clustering, unsupervised learning, mixture models, minimum message length, EM algorithm.
Published: 2004

15. Quantifying the contribution of recessive coding variation to developmental disorders

Author: Martin, H.C., Jones, W.D., McIntyre, R., Sanchez-Andrade, G., Sanderson, M., Stephenson, J.D., Jones, C.P., Handsaker, J., Gallone, G., Bruntraeger, M., McRae, J.F., Prigmore, E., Short, P., Niemi, M., Kaplanis, J., Radford, E.J., Akavvi, N., Balasubramanian, M., Dean, J., Horton, R., Hulbert, A., Johnson, D.S., Johnson, K., Kumar, D., Lynch, S.A., Mehta, S.G., Morton, J., Parker, M.J., Splitt, M., Turnpenny, P.D., Vasudevan, P.C., Wright, M., Bassett, A., Gerety, S.S., Wright, C.F., FitzPatrick, D.R., Firth, H.V., Hurles, M.E., Barrett, J.C., and Study, D.D.D.
Subjects: genetic structures, eye diseases
Abstract: We estimated the genome-wide contribution of recessive coding variation in 6040 families from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. The proportion of cases attributable to recessive coding variants was 3.6% in patients of European ancestry, compared with 50% explained by de novo coding mutations. It was higher (31%) in patients with Pakistani ancestry, owing to elevated autozygosity. Half of this recessive burden is attributable to known genes. We identified two genes not previously associated with recessive developmental disorders, KDM5B and EIF3F, and functionally validated them with mouse and cellular models. Our results suggest that recessive coding variants account for a small fraction of currently undiagnosed nonconsanguineous individuals, and that the role of noncoding variants, incomplete penetrance, and polygenic mechanisms need further exploration.
Published: 2018

16. Molecular design principles for achieving strong chiroptical properties of fluorene copolymers in thin films

Author: Kulkarni, Chidambar, van Son, Martin H.C., Di Nuzzo, Daniele, Meskers, Stefan C.J., Palmans, Anja R.A., Meijer, E.W., Kulkarni, Chidambar, van Son, Martin H.C., Di Nuzzo, Daniele, Meskers, Stefan C.J., Palmans, Anja R.A., and Meijer, E.W.
Abstract: Understanding the molecular level origin of chiroptical properties in enantiopure π-conjugated polymers is essential for tailoring these materials for application in organic light-emitting diodes and photonic devices. Here we have studied poly(9,9′-dialkylfluorene-alt-2,5-dialkoxyphenyl)s as prototypical copolymers to investigate their structure-chiroptical property relationship. The effect of a systematic variation of the location and configuration (S or R) of chiral and achiral side chains in the repeating units on the liquid crystalline ordering and its relationship to chiroptical properties were investigated. The results clearly indicate that enantiopure side chains on the fluorene units are critical for obtaining the cholesteric liquid crystalline ordering and thereby strong chiroptical properties in both absorption and photoluminescence in annealed thin films. Finally, solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes constructed from a liquid crystalline polymer show strong emission of circularly polarized light, demonstrating the potential application of these systems.
Published: 2019

17. Amplifying (im)perfection: the impact of crystallinity in discrete and disperse block co-oligomers

Author: Anja R. A. Palmans, Bas van Genabeek, Bas F. M. de Waal, Brigitte A. G. Lamers, Martin H.C. van Son, E. W. Meijer, Macro-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
Subjects: Chemistry, Communication, Dispersity, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Amorphous solid, Chain length, Crystallinity, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Chemical engineering, Block (telecommunications), Polymer chemistry, Copolymer, Lamellar structure, sense organs, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Crystallinity is seldomly utilized as part of the microphase segregation process in ultralow-molecular-weight block copolymers. Here, we show the preparation of two types of discrete, semicrystalline block co-oligomers, comprising an amorphous oligodimethylsiloxane block and a crystalline oligo-l-lactic acid or oligomethylene block. The self-assembly of these discrete materials results in lamellar structures with unforeseen uniformity in the domain spacing. A systematic introduction of dispersity reveals the extreme sensitivity of the microphase segregation process toward chain length dispersity in the crystalline block.
Published: 2017

18. One-Pot Synthesis of ABCDE Multiblock Copolymers with Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Semi-Fluorinated Segments

Author: Bernd Oschmann, Morgan W. Schulze, Nghia P. Truong, Johannes Willenbacher, Craig J. Hawker, Anna Melker, Thomas P. Davis, Athina Anastasaki, Emre H. Discekici, Alaina J. McGrath, Christopher M. Bates, Martin H.C. van Son, and Macro-Organic Chemistry
Subjects: controlled polymerization, In situ, Materials science, One-pot synthesis, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Fluorinated monomers, chemistry.chemical_compound, light-mediated polymerization, sequence control, Organic chemistry, multiblock copolymers, Molar mass, 010405 organic chemistry, Multiblock copolymer, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Monomer, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Polymerization, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The scope and accessibility of sequence-controlled multiblock copolymers is demonstrated by direct "in situ" polymerization of hydrophobic, hydrophilic and fluorinated monomers. Key to the success of this strategy is the ability to synthesize ABCDE, EDCBA and EDCBABCDE sequences with high monomer conversions (>98 %) through iterative monomer additions, yielding excellent block purity and low overall molar mass dispersities (Ð
Published: 2017

19. A Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) from a global cohort identifies common variants in FSHB and SMAD3 driving spontaneous human dizygotic twinning

Author: Aagaard, K., Mbarek, H., Steinberg, S., Nyholt, D.R., Gordon, S.D., Miller, M.B., McRae, A.F., Hottenga, J.J., Day, F.R., Hinds, D.A., Willemsen, G., Geus, E.J.C. de, Davies, G.E., Martin, H.C., Lambalk, C.B., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Jansen, R., McAloney, K., Vink, J.M., Kaprio, J., Plomin, R., Spector, T.D., Magnusson, P.K.E., Boomsma, D.I., Aagaard, K., Mbarek, H., Steinberg, S., Nyholt, D.R., Gordon, S.D., Miller, M.B., McRae, A.F., Hottenga, J.J., Day, F.R., Hinds, D.A., Willemsen, G., Geus, E.J.C. de, Davies, G.E., Martin, H.C., Lambalk, C.B., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Jansen, R., McAloney, K., Vink, J.M., Kaprio, J., Plomin, R., Spector, T.D., Magnusson, P.K.E., and Boomsma, D.I.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 175306.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Objective: Although dizygotic (DZ) twins occur once every 70 live births and has long been suspected to be familial, the genetic loci driving human twinning have not yet been identified. Based on our recent success in identifying "twin genes" in the marmoset primate (which exclusively gestates twins and triplets), we reasoned that a GWAS approach in a large, multinational cohort comprised of over 315,000 gravidae would confidently identify the responsible human genetic loci. Study Design: We established the Twinning GWAS Consortium (TGC) to characterize the genetic basis of natural DZ twinning in humans using robust discovery and replication datasets built from mothers of DZ twins (MODZT). Cases included only spontaneous MODZT, and controls were screened to exclude subjects from pedigrees containing DZ twins. Genotyping was on multiple overlapping platforms (eg., Affymetrix, Illumina) with robust tailored computational pipelines. The inflation factor (λ) was set at 1.01, eliminating inflation due to population structure. Results: The results of the meta-analysis of MODZT are represented in the Manhattan plot (Figure). In the discovery set, 1,980 mothers of DZ twins and 12,980 singleton controls of European ancestry yielded three predictive loci (rs11031006, rs17293443 and rs12064669, P < 5 × 10 -8). The rs11031006 and rs17293443 loci were validated in an independent Icelandic case-control validation cohort of 3,597 MODZT and 297,348 controls. The occurrence of delivery of a DZ twin pregnancy increased by 18% for each rs11031006-G maternal allele, and 9% for rs17293443-C. The rs11031006 allele, located near FSHB, was significant in its association with maternal serum FSH and surrogate measures for the length of reproductive competence (i.e., maternal age at menarche/ menopause, first and last pregnancy, and total parity; Table). Conversely, rs17293443 (SMAD3) was not associated with FSH levels, but was associated with maternal age at last birth. Conclusion: We have c
Published: 2016

20. Identification of common genetic variants influencing spontaneous dizygotic twinning and female fertility

Author: Mbarek, H., Steinberg, S., Nyholt, D.R., Gordon, S.D., Miller, M.B., McRae, A.F., Hottenga, J.J., Day, F.R., Willemsen, G., Geus, E.J.C. de, Davies, G.E., Martin, H.C., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Jansen, R., McAloney, K., Vink, J.M., Kaprio, J., Plomin, R., Spector, T.D., Magnusson, P.K.E., Reversade, B., Harris, R.A., Aagaard, K., Kristjansson, R.P., Olafsson, I., Eyjolfsson, G.I., Sigurdardottir, O., Iacono, W.G., Lambalk, C.B., Montgomery, G.W., McGue, M.K., Ong, K.K., Perry, J.R.B., Martin, N.G., Stefánsson, H., Stefánsson, K., Boomsma, D.I., Mbarek, H., Steinberg, S., Nyholt, D.R., Gordon, S.D., Miller, M.B., McRae, A.F., Hottenga, J.J., Day, F.R., Willemsen, G., Geus, E.J.C. de, Davies, G.E., Martin, H.C., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Jansen, R., McAloney, K., Vink, J.M., Kaprio, J., Plomin, R., Spector, T.D., Magnusson, P.K.E., Reversade, B., Harris, R.A., Aagaard, K., Kristjansson, R.P., Olafsson, I., Eyjolfsson, G.I., Sigurdardottir, O., Iacono, W.G., Lambalk, C.B., Montgomery, G.W., McGue, M.K., Ong, K.K., Perry, J.R.B., Martin, N.G., Stefánsson, H., Stefánsson, K., and Boomsma, D.I.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 157507.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Spontaneous dizygotic (DZ) twinning occurs in 1%–4% of women, with familial clustering and unknown physiological pathways and genetic origin. DZ twinning might index increased fertility and has distinct health implications for mother and child. We performed a GWAS in 1,980 mothers of spontaneous DZ twins and 12,953 control subjects. Findings were replicated in a large Icelandic cohort and tested for association across a broad range of fertility traits in women. Two SNPs were identified (rs11031006 near FSHB, p = 1.54 × 10−9, and rs17293443 in SMAD3, p = 1.57 × 10−8) and replicated (p = 3 × 10−3 and p = 1.44 × 10−4, respectively). Based on ∼90,000 births in Iceland, the risk of a mother delivering twins increased by 18% for each copy of allele rs11031006-G and 9% for rs17293443-C. A higher polygenic risk score (PRS) for DZ twinning, calculated based on the results of the DZ twinning GWAS, was significantly associated with DZ twinning in Iceland (p = 0.001). A higher PRS was also associated with having children (p = 0.01), greater lifetime parity (p = 0.03), and earlier age at first child (p = 0.02). Allele rs11031006-G was associated with higher serum FSH levels, earlier age at menarche, earlier age at first child, higher lifetime parity, lower PCOS risk, and earlier age at menopause. Conversely, rs17293443-C was associated with later age at last child. We identified robust genetic risk variants for DZ twinning: one near FSHB and a second within SMAD3, the product of which plays an important role in gonadal responsiveness to FSH. These loci contribute to crucial aspects of reproductive capacity and health.
Published: 2016

21. miR-139-5p is a regulator of metastatic pathways in breast cancer

Author: Krishnan, K., Steptoe, A.L., Martin, H.C., Pattabiraman, D.R., Nones, K., Waddell, N., Mariasegaram, M., Simpson, P.T., Lakhani, S.R., Vlassov, A., Grimmond, S.M., and Cloonan, N.
Abstract: Metastasis is a complex, multistep process involved in the progression of cancer from a localized primary tissue to distant sites, often characteristic of the more aggressive forms of this disease. Despite being studied in great detail in recent years, the mechanisms that govern this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify a novel role for miR-139-5p in the inhibition of breast cancer progression. We highlight its clinical relevance by reviewing miR-139-5p expression across a wide variety of breast cancer subtypes using in-house generated and online data sets to show that it is most frequently lost in invasive tumors. A biotin pull-down approach was then used to identify the mRNA targets of miR-139-5p in the breast cancer cell line MCF7. Functional enrichment analysis of the pulled-down targets showed significant enrichment of genes in pathways previously implicated in breast cancer metastasis (P < 0.05). Further bioinformatic analysis revealed a predicted disruption to the TGFβ, Wnt, Rho, and MAPK/PI3K signaling cascades, implying a potential role for miR-139-5p in regulating the ability of cells to invade and migrate. To corroborate this finding, using the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, we show that overexpression of miR-139-5p results in suppression of these cellular phenotypes. Furthermore, we validate the interaction between miR-139-5p and predicted targets involved in these pathways. Collectively, these results suggest a significant functional role for miR-139-5p in breast cancer cell motility and invasion and its potential to be used as a prognostic marker for the aggressive forms of breast cancer.
Published: 2013

22. Stress Factors: Trends and Recovery

Author: Martin, H.C., primary and Brydges, T.G., additional
Published: 1986
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. HiRES: the High-Resolution EUV Spectroheliometer

Author: Surendra K. Jain, R. W. Nicholls, Giuseppe Tondello, J. Gethyn Timothy, Martin H.C. Huber, Giampiero Naletto, Piergiorgio Nicolosi, Jagadish C. Bhattacharyya, A. K. Saxena, Paolo Bergamini, and Arthur B. C. Walker
Subjects: Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Detector, law.invention, Telescope, Primary mirror, Optics, law, Extreme ultraviolet, Angular resolution, Spectral resolution, business
Abstract: The high-resolution EUV spectroheliometer (HiRES) is our first step towards the 0.1 arc sec angular resolution goal at EUV wavelengths. The HiRES instrument consists of a Gregory telescope with a 45-cm-diameter primary mirror, and an imaging EUV spectrometer, employing a single-reflection toric diffraction grating in a Rowland circle mounting and an imaging pulse-counting multi-anode microchannel array (MAMA) detector system. The MAMA detector covers the spectral range from 560 to 631 angstrom with a spectral resolution of 70 mAngstrom. A Pt/Ne lamp impresses a wavelength calibration spectrum on the upper part of the detector while the solar spectrum is recorded simultaneously on the lower part. The times-of-arrival and addresses of the detected photons are transmitted directly to the ground to allow correction of the SPARCS pointing jitter. The HiRES spectrometer slit is pointed to a specific location using real-time control of the SPARCS, and SPARCS can be commanded to execute a linear (push broom) scan across the sun. Two EUV photodiodes are used to measure the absolute sola irradiances and the atmospheric extinction profiles in wavelength bands centered at 304 angstrom and 584 angstrom respectively.
Published: 1997

24. Stray light, radiometric, and spectral characterization of UVCS/SOHO: laboratory calibration and flight performance

Author: Peter Daigneau, Paolo A. Carosso, Larry D. Gardner, D. J. Reisenfeld, Daniele Spadaro, Peter L. Smith, J. Michels, Carlo Benna, Claudio Pernechele, John C. Raymond, Piergiorgio Nicolosi, Ester Antonucci, Silvano Fineschi, Alexander Panasyuk, Giampiero Naletto, Angela Ciaravella, Raid Suleiman, Martin H.C. Huber, Oswald H. W. Siegmund, Murzy D. Jhabvala, George U. Nystrom, Leonard Strachan, A. Allegra, Marco Romoli, John L. Kohl, A. Modigliani, Silvio Giordano, E. F. Dennis, Giancarlo Noci, and Giuseppe Tondello
Subjects: Physics, Spectrometer, Spacecraft, business.industry, Stray light, Polarimetry, law.invention, Optics, law, Observatory, Calibration, Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope, business, Coronagraph, Remote sensing
Abstract: The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer is one of the instruments on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft, which was launched in December, 1995. The instrument is designed to make ultraviolet spectrometric measurements and visible polarimetric measurements of the extended solar corona. Prior to launch laboratory measurements were carried out to determine system level values for many of the key performance parameters. Further measurements on instrument performance have been carried out since launch. Presented are descriptions of measurement techniques and representative results.
Published: 1996

25. Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory: instrument description and calibration overview

Author: Piergiorgio Nicolosi, R. Brusa, J. Geiss, Silvio Giordano, Peter Daigneau, Claudio Pernechele, Angela Ciaravella, Ruth Esser, Giannina Poletto, Larry D. Gardner, Oswald H. W. Siegmund, George U. Nystrom, Carlo Benna, Oskar von der Luehe, John C. Raymond, A. Modigliani, George Gloeckler, Leonard Strachan, Giancarlo Noci, Silvano Fineschi, A. A. van Ballegooijen, Giampiero Naletto, A. Allegra, Ester Antonucci, Martin H.C. Huber, Brian M. Wood, Marco Romoli, John L. Kohl, Giuseppe Tondello, Shadia Rifai Habbal, Giuseppe Basile, and Daniele Spadaro
Subjects: Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Reflecting telescope, Polarimetry, Astronomy, Polarimeter, Occultation, law.invention, Optics, law, Observatory, Calibration, business, Coronagraph
Abstract: The SOHO ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer (UVCS/SOHO) is composed of three reflecting telescopes with external and internal occultation and a spectrometer assembly consisting of two toric grating spectrometers and a visible light polarimeter. The UVCS will perform ultraviolet spectroscopy and visible polarimetry to be combined with plasma diagnostic analysis techniques to provide detailed empirical descriptions of the extended solar corona from the coronal base to a heliographic height of 12 R. In this paper, the salient features of the design of the UVCS instrument are described. An overview of the UVCS test and calibration activities is presented. The results from the calibration activity have demonstrated that the UVCS can achieve all its primary scientific observational goals.
Published: 1995

26. Some design and performance features of SUMER: solar ultraviolet measurements of emitted radiation

Author: Donald M. Hassler, Werner Curdt, Stuart D. Jordan, Roger J. Thomas, Udo H. Schuehle, Michael Grewing, Jean-Claude Vial, Martin H.C. Huber, Arthur I. Poland, Philippe Lemaire, Klaus Wilhelm, E. Marsh, Alan H. Gabriel, Mikhael Kuehne, Oswald H. W. Siegmund, and J. Gethyn Timothy
Subjects: Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Corona, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Observatory, law, Extreme ultraviolet, Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope, Spectral resolution, business, Chromosphere
Abstract: The instrument SUMER (solar ultraviolet measurements of emitted radiation) is designed to investigate structures and associated dynamical processes occurring in the solar atmosphere from the chromosphere through the transition region to the inner corona, over a temperature range from 104 to 2 multiplied by 106 K and above. The observations will be performed, on board SOHO (solar and heliospheric observatory) scheduled for launch in November 1995, by a scanning, normal-incidence telescope/spectrometer system in the wavelength range from 500 to 1610 angstrom. Spatial resolution requirements compatible with the pointing stability of SOHO are less than 1000 km corresponding to about 1-arcsec angular resolution. Doppler observations of EUV line shifts and broadenings should permit solar plasma velocity measurements down to 1 km s-1. We report here on some specific features of this instrument related to its pointing as well as its spatial and spectral resolution capabilities.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Published: 1995

27. HiRES: High-resolution extreme-ultraviolet spectroheliometer toroidal diffraction grating performance evaluation

Author: Paolo Bergamini, Giampiero Naletto, Thomas E. Berger, J. Gethyn Timothy, Jagadish C. Bhattacharyya, Martin H.C. Huber, Surendra K. Jain, Arthur B. C. Walker, Giuseppe Tondello, Phillip C. Baker, and A. K. Saxena
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Physics::Optics, Ray tracing (physics), Interferometry, Optics, Extreme ultraviolet, Optoelectronics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Spectral resolution, business, Ghosting, Spectrograph, Diffraction grating
Abstract: The ray-tracing results presented characterize the theoretically achievable EUV performance of the HiRES instrument. The effects of optical system misalignment on spectrograph images, and the laboratory results for two f/15 toroidal diffraction gratings that employ a multianode microchannel array, are also presented. Interferometric studies of toroidal figure accuracy, as well as optical and electron microscopy investigations of surface quality, are discussed. While the current toroidal gratings are noted to furnish good imaging across a wide wavelength range, they exhibit excessive EUV scatter, as well as spectral ghosting.
Published: 1993

28. Design and test of a high-resolution EUV spectroheliometer

Author: Surendra K. Jain, Giampiero Naletto, Jagadish C. Bhattacharyya, A. K. Saxena, Giuseppe Tondello, Arthur B. C. Walker, Jeffrey S. Morgan, Helen Kirby, Martin H.C. Huber, Thomas E. Berger, and J. Gethyn Timothy
Subjects: Physics, Gregorian telescope, Sounding rocket, Spectrometer, business.industry, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Detector, law.invention, Optics, law, Temporal resolution, Extreme ultraviolet, business, Image resolution, Remote sensing
Abstract: The HiRES High-Resolution EUV Spectroheliometer is a sounding rocket instrument yielding very high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution images of the solar outer atmosphere, on the basis of a 45-cm Gregorian telescope feeding a normal-incidence stigmatic EUV spectrometer with imaging multianode microchannel-array detector system, as well as an IR spectrometer with imaging CCD detector system. Attention is given to the expected performance of this system, including the effects of vibrational misalignments due to the sounding rocket flight environment.
Published: 1992

29. High-resolution stigmatic EUV spectroheliometer for studies of the fine scale structure of the solar chromosphere, transition region, and corona

Author: Giuseppe Tondello, Jagadish C. Bhattacharyya, Giampiero Naletto, Thomas E. Berger, J. Gethyn Timothy, Arthur B. C. Walker, A. K. Saxena, Jeffrey S. Morgan, Surendra K. Jain, and Martin H.C. Huber
Subjects: Physics, Optics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Extreme ultraviolet, Temporal resolution, Angular resolution, Spectral resolution, Grating, business, Corona, Chromosphere
Abstract: We describe the design of a high-resolution stigmatic extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectroheliometer, configured for flight on a Black Brant sounding rocket, which consists of a 45-cm Gregory telescope coupled to a spectrometer employing a single toroidal diffraction grating in a normal-incidence Rowland circle mounting and an imaging pulse-counting Multi-Anode Microchannel Array (MAMA) detector system. The toroidal diffraction grating is fabricated by a new technique employing an elastically-deformable sub-master grating which is replicated in a spherical form and then mechanically distorted to produce the desired aspect ratio of the toroidal surface for stigmatic imaging over the selected wavelength range. The spectroheliometer will produce spatially-resolved spectra of the chromosphere, transition-region and corona with an angular resolution of 0.4 arc sec or better, a spectral resolution AII of about 1O in first order, and a temporal resolution of the order of seconds. Because of the geometric fidelity of the MAMA detector system, the speciroheliometer will be able to determine Doppler shifts to a resolution of at least 2 mA at wavelengths near 600 A (-1.0 km s1), depending on the level of the accumulated signal. The unique characteristics of the spectroheliometer will be used in combination with plasma-diagnostic techniques to study the temperature, density and velocity structures of specific features in the solar outer atmosphere.
Published: 1991

30. HIRES - A HIGH-RESOLUTION STIGMATIC EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROHELIOMETER FOR STUDIES OF THE FINE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE, TRANSITION REGION, AND CORONA

Author: Martin H.C. Huber, J. Gethyn Timothy, Surendra K. Jain, Arthur B. C. Walker, Jeffrey S. Morgan, Jagadish C. Bhattacharyya, Giampiero Naletto, Giuseppe Tondello, A. K. Saxena, and Thomas E. Berger
Subjects: Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, General Engineering, Grating, Corona, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, Extreme ultraviolet, Temporal resolution, Angular resolution, Spectral resolution, business, Chromosphere
Abstract: We describe the design of a high-resolution stigmatic extremeultraviolet (EUV) spectroheliometer, configured for flight on a Black Brant sounding rocket, which consists of a 45-cm Gregory telescope coupled to a spectrometer employing a single toroidal diffraction grating in a normalincidence Rowland circle mounting and an imaging pulse-counting multianode microchannel array (MAMA) detector system. The toroidal diffraction grating is fabricated by a technique employing an elastically deformable submaster grating that is replicated in a spherical form and then mechanically distorted to produce the desired aspect ratio of the toroidal surface for stigmatic imaging over the selected wavelength range. The spectroheliometer will produce spatially resolved spectra of the chromosphere, transition region, and corona with an angular resolution of 0.4 arcsec or better, a spectral resolution λ/Δλ of about 10 4 in first order, and a temporal resolution of the order of seconds. Because of the geometric fidelity of the MAMA detector system, the spectroheliometer will be able to determine Doppler shifts to a resolution of at least 2 ma at wavelengths near 600 a (~1.0 km s -1 ), depending on the level of the accumulated signal. The unique characteristics of the spectroheliometer will be used in combination with plasma-diagnostic techniques to study the emperature, density, and velocity structures of specific features in the solar outer atmosphere.
Published: 1991

31. Data Clustering: A User's Dilemma.

Author: Pal, Sankar K., Bandyopadhyay, Sanghamitra, Biswas, Sambhunath, Jain, Anil K., and Law, Martin H.C.
Abstract: Cluster analysis deals with the automatic discovery of the grouping of a set of patterns. Despite more than 40 years of research, there are still many challenges in data clustering from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. In this paper, we describe several recent advances in data clustering: clustering ensemble, feature selection, and clustering with constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2005
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32. Perforation of the tympanic membrane and its effect on the real-ear-to-coupler difference acoustic transform function

Author: Martin, H.C., primary, Munro, K.J., additional, and Lam, M.C., additional
Published: 2001
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33. SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS GOALS FOR THE FAST FLUX TEST FACILITY.

Author: Harvey, R.A., primary, Hintze, S.S., additional, Martin, H.C., additional, McLaughlin, M.A., additional, and Monteith, O.B., additional
Published: 1969
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34. Book Reviews : Beyond Partnership Lamming, R

Author: Martin H.C. Large
Subjects: General partnership, Library science, Sociology
Published: 1993

35. Book Reviews : Beyond Partnership Lamming, R

Author: Large, Martin H.C., primary
Published: 1993
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36. Zero-voltage switching in high frequency power converters using pulse width modulation.

Author: Henze, C.P., Martin, H.C., and Parsley, D.W.
Published: 1988
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37. A duty cycle extension technique for single ended forward converters.

Author: Wittenbreder, E.H., Baggerly, V.D., and Martin, H.C.
Published: 1992
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38. Evolution of the Pelvic Pouch Procedure at One Institution: The First 100 Cases

Author: Young, C.J., Solomon, M.J., Eyers, A.A., West, R.H., Martin, H.C., Glenn, D.C., Morgan, B.P., Roberts, R., and Solomon, A.P.M.J.
Abstract: Background: Total extirpation of the colon with pelvic pouch formation, and the avoidance of a permanent stoma, continues to pose a challenge for better results, both technically and functionally. The aims of this study were to investigate the first 100 pelvic ileal-pouch procedures, assessing changes in surgical technique, their relationship to morbidity and long-term outcome, and compare this to the few large international series.
Methods: Between 1984 and 1997, 100 patients had a pelvic J-shaped ileal-pouch formed, 58 two-stage and 42 three-stage procedures. Fifty had a hand-sewn pouch-anal anastomosis and 50 a double-stapled anastomosis. Seventy-three were for ulcerative colitis, five for indeterminate colitis, 20 for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), one for multiple primary colorectal cancers, and one for constipation.
Results: After a median follow-up of 68 months, 97% of patients still have a functioning pouch. There were two postoperative deaths (one after-pouch formation and one after-stoma closure). Morbidity occurred in 52 patients, including three patients with pouch leaks and three pouch-anal anastomosis leaks (6% leak rate), 27% with a small bowel obstruction (2% early, 20% late, 5% both), a 19% anal stricture rate, and a 9% pouchitis rate. Three pouches have been removed (all for Crohn's disease). Median number of bowel movements per day was six, with 85% of patients reporting a good quality of life. Patients following a double-stapled procedure have less anal seepage and improved continence over those with a hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.
Conclusions: Despite high morbidity rates, pelvic pouch formation provides satisfactory long-term results for patients requiring total proctocolectomy, with functional results and morbidity rates comparable to larger overseas series.
Published: 1999
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39. Zero-voltage switching in high frequency power converters using pulse width modulation

Author: Henze, C.P., primary, Martin, H.C., additional, and Parsley, D.W., additional
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40. Book Reviews : Beyond Partnership Lamming, R.

Author: Large, Martin H.C.
Published: 1993
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41. Post-radiation primary hypothyroidism in patients with head and neck cancer: External validation of thyroid gland dose–volume constraints with long-term endocrine outcomes.

Author: Chow, James C.H., Lui, Jeffrey C.F., Cheung, Ka-Man, Tam, Anthony H.P., Lam, Martin H.C., Yuen, Tony Y.S., Lee, Francis K.H., Leung, Alex K.C., Au, Kwok-Hung, Ng, Wai-Tong, Lee, Anne W.M., Kwan, Chung-Kong, and Yiu, Harry H.Y.
Subjects: *HEAD & neck cancer, *THYROID gland, *HYPOTHYROIDISM, *RADIOTHERAPY, *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves, *RESTRAINT of patients, *REFERENCE values
Abstract: • We externally validated 22 dose-volume constraints of the thyroid gland using long-term endocrine outcomes of 488 HNC patients. • Over a median follow-up period of 6.8 years, 42.0 % of patients developed post-radiation primary hypothyroidism. • Thyroid VS60 had the largest area under time-dependent ROC curve of 0.698 at 5 years after radiotherapy. • Thyroid VS60 at a cutoff value of 10 cc had the highest F-score of 0.53. • The 5-year hypothyroidism risks of patients with thyroid VS60 ≥ 10 cc and < 10 cc were 14.7 % and 38.2 %, respectively. Post-radiation primary hypothyroidism is a common late complication in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. No radiation dose-volume constraint of the thyroid gland has been externally validated for predicting long-term thyroid function outcomes. This external validation study evaluated the diagnostic properties of 22 radiation dose–volume constraints of the thyroid gland proposed in the literature. Radiation dosimetric data from 488 HNC patients who underwent neck irradiation from January 2013 to December 2015 at two tertiary oncology centers were reviewed. The diagnostic metrics of candidate constraints were computed by inverse probability of censoring weighting and compared using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with death designated as a competing event. Multivariable regression analyses were performed using the Fine–Gray sub-distribution hazard model. Over a median follow-up period of 6.8 years, 205 (42.0 %) patients developed post-radiation primary hypothyroidism. The thyroid volume spared from 60 Gy (VS60) had the largest area under ROC curve of 0.698 at 5 years after radiotherapy. Of all evaluated constraints, VS60 at a cutoff value of 10 cc had the highest F-score of 0.53. The 5-year hypothyroidism risks of patients with thyroid VS60 ≥ 10 cc and < 10 cc were 14.7 % and 38.2 %, respectively (p < 0.001). The adjusted sub-hazard ratio for post-radiation primary hypothyroidism for VS60 < 10 cc was 1.87 (95 % confidence interval, 1.22–2.87; p < 0.001). Thyroid VS60 is the best radiation dose–volume parameter to predict the long-term risk of primary hypothyroidism in patients with HNC who underwent neck irradiation. VS60 ≥ 10 cc is a robust constraint that limits the 5-year primary hypothyroidism risk to less than 15 % and should be routinely employed during radiotherapy optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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42. Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

Author: Niemi, MEK, Karjalainen, J, Liao, RG, Neale, BM, Daly, M, Ganna, A, Pathak, GA, Andrews, SJ, Kanai, M, Veerapen, K, Fernandez-Cadenas, I, Schulte, EC, Striano, P, Marttila, M, Minica, C, Marouli, E, Karim, MA, Wendt, FR, Savage, J, Sloofman, L, Butler-Laporte, G, Kim, H-N, Kanoni, S, Okada, Y, Byun, J, Han, Y, Uddin, MJ, Smith, GD, Willer, CJ, Buxbaum, JD, Mehtonen, J, Finucane, H, Cordioli, M, Martin, AR, Zhou, W, Pasaniuc, B, Julienne, H, Aschard, H, Shi, H, Yengo, L, Polimanti, R, Ghoussaini, M, Schwartzentruber, J, Dunham, I, Chwialkowska, K, Francescatto, M, Trankiem, A, Balaconis, MK, Davis, L, Lee, S, Priest, J, Renieri, A, Sankaran, VG, van Heel, D, Deelen, P, Richards, JB, Nakanishi, T, Biesecker, L, Kerchberger, VE, Kenneth, J, Mari, F, Bernasconi, A, Ceri, S, Canakoglu, A, Wolford, B, Faucon, A, Dutta, AK, Schurmann, C, Harry, E, Birney, E, Nguyen, H, Nasir, J, Kaunisto, M, Solomonson, M, Dueker, N, Vadgama, N, Limou, S, Rahmouni, S, Mbarek, H, Darwish, D, Uddin, MM, Albertos, R, Perez-Tur, J, Li, R, Folkersen, L, Moltke, I, Koelling, N, Teumer, A, Kousathanas, A, Utrilla, A, Verdugo, RA, Zarate, R, Medina-Gomez, C, Gomez-Cabrero, D, Carnero-Montoro, E, Cadilla, CL, Moreno-Estrada, A, Garmendia, A, Moya, L, Sedaghati-Khayat, B, Boua, PR, Fave, M-J, Francioli, L, Lemacon, A, Migeotte, I, Patel, S, Varnai, R, Szentpeteri, JL, Sipeky, C, Colombo, F, von Hohenstaufen, K, Lio, P, Vallerga, C, Wang, Q, Tanigawa, Y, Im, H, Han, C, Song, H, Lim, J, Lee, Y, Kim, S, Im, S, Atanasovska, B, Ahmad, HF, Boer, C, Jansen, P, Franke, L, Kaja, E, Pasko, D, Kennis-Szilagyi, I, Kornilov, SA, Prijatelj, V, Prokic, I, Sivanadhan, I, Perumal, S, Esmaeeli, S, Pearson, NM, Auton, A, Shelton, JF, Shastri, AJ, Filshtein-Sonmez, T, Coker, D, Symons, A, Esparza-Gordillo, J, Aslibekyan, S, O'Connell, J, Ye, C, Weldon, CH, Perera, M, O'Leary, K, Tuck, M, O'Brien, T, Meltzer, D, O'Donnell, P, Nutescu, E, Yang, G, Alarcon, C, Herrmann, S, Mazurek, S, Banagan, J, Hamidi, Z, Barbour, A, Raffat, N, Moreno, D, Friedman, P, Ferwerda, B, van de Beek, D, Brouwer, MC, Vlaar, APJ, Wiersinga, WJ, Posthuma, D, Tissink, E, Zwinderman, AHK, Uffelmann, E, van Agtmael, M, Algera, AG, van Baarle, F, Bax, D, Beudel, M, Bogaard, HJ, Bomers, M, Bonta, PI, Bos, L, Botta, M, de Brabander, J, de Bree, G, de Bruin, S, Bugiani, M, Bulle, E, Chouchane, O, Cloherty, A, Dongelmans, D, Elbers, P, Fleuren, L, Geerlings, S, Geerts, B, Geijtenbeek, T, Girbes, A, Goorhuis, B, Grobusch, MP, Hafkamp, F, Hagens, L, Hamann, J, Harris, V, Hemke, R, Hermans, SM, Heunks, L, Hollmann, M, Horn, J, Hovius, JW, de Jong, MD, Koning, R, van Mourik, N, Nellen, J, Nossent, EJ, Paulus, F, Peters, E, van der Poll, T, Preckel, B, Prins, JM, Raasveld, J, Reijnders, T, Schinkel, M, Schultz, MJ, Schuurman, A, Sigaloff, K, Smit, M, Stijnis, CS, Stilma, W, Teunissen, C, Thoral, P, Tsonas, A, van der Valk, M, Veelo, D, de Vries, H, van Vugt, M, Wouters, D, Minnaar, RP, Kromhout, A, van Uffelen, KWJ, Wolterman, RA, Roberts, G, Park, D, Ball, CA, Coignet, M, McCurdy, S, Knight, S, Partha, R, Rhead, B, Zhang, M, Berkowitz, N, Gaddis, M, Noto, K, Ruiz, L, Pavlovic, M, Hong, EL, Rand, K, Girshick, A, Guturu, H, Baltzell, AH, Guntz, J, Beguin, Y, Pigazzini, S, Nkambule, L, Bouysran, Y, Busson, A, Peyrassol, X, Wilkin, F, Pichon, B, Smits, G, Vandernoot, I, Goffard, J-C, Georges, M, Moutschen, M, Misset, B, Darcis, G, Guiot, J, Jadot, L, Azarzar, S, Dellot, P, Gofflot, S, Claassen, S, Bertrand, A, Parzibut, G, Clarinval, M, Moermans, C, Malaise, O, El Kandoussi, K, Thonon, R, Huynen, P, Mesdagh, A, Melo, S, Jacques, N, Di Valentin, E, Giroule, F, Collignon, A, Radermecker, C, Lebrun, M, Peree, H, Latour, S, Barada, O, Sanchez, J, Josse, C, Boujemla, B, Meunier, M, Mariavelle, E, Anania, S, Gazon, H, Juszczak, D, Fadeur, M, Camby, S, Meuris, C, Thys, M, Jacques, J, Henket, M, Leonard, P, Frippiat, F, Giot, J-B, Sauvage, A-S, Von Frenckell, C, Mni, M, Wery, M, Staderoli, A, Belhaj, Y, Lambermont, B, Morrison, DR, Mooser, V, Forgetta, V, Ghosh, B, Laurent, L, Belisle, A, Henry, D, Abdullah, T, Adeleye, O, Mamlouk, N, Kimchi, N, Afrasiabi, Z, Rezk, N, Vulesevic, B, Bouab, M, Guzman, C, Petitjean, L, Tselios, C, Xue, X, Afilalo, J, Afilalo, M, Oliveira, M, Brenner, B, Brassard, N, Durand, M, Schurr, E, Lepage, P, Ragoussis, J, Auld, D, Chasse, M, Kaufmann, DE, Lathrop, GM, Adra, D, Davis, LK, Cox, NJ, Below, JE, Sealock, JM, Faucon, AB, Shuey, MM, Polikowsky, HG, Petty, LE, Shaw, DM, Chen, H-H, Zhu, W, Ludwig, KU, Schroeder, J, Maj, C, Rolker, S, Noethen, MM, Fazaal, J, Keitel, V, Jensen, B-EO, Feldt, T, Kurth, I, Marx, N, Dreher, M, Pink, I, Cornberg, M, Illig, T, Lehmann, C, Schommers, P, Augustin, M, Rybniker, J, Knopp, L, Eggermann, T, Volland, S, Altmueller, J, Berger, MM, Brenner, T, Hinney, A, Witzke, O, Bals, R, Herr, C, Ludwig, N, Walter, J, Fuchsberger, C, Pattaro, C, De Grandi, A, Pramstaller, P, Emmert, D, Melotti, R, Foco, L, Mascalzoni, D, Gogele, M, Domingues, F, Hicks, A, Gignoux, CR, Wicks, SJ, Crooks, K, Barnes, KC, Daya, M, Shortt, J, Rafaels, N, Chavan, S, Goldstein, DB, Kiryluk, K, Sengupta, S, Chung, W, Reilly, MP, Khan, A, Wang, C, Povysil, G, Bhardwaj, N, Gharavi, AG, Ionita-Laza, I, Shang, N, O'Byrne, SM, Nandakumar, R, Menon, A, So, YS, Hod, E, Pendrick, D, Park, S-K, Kim, H-L, Kang, CK, Lee, H-J, Song, K-H, Yoon, KJ, Paik, N-J, Seok, W, Yoon, H, Joo, E-J, Chang, Y, Ryu, S, Park, WB, Park, JS, Park, KU, Ham, SY, Jung, J, Kim, ES, Kim, HB, Ellinghaus, D, Degenhardt, F, Caceres, M, Juzenas, S, Lenz, TL, Albillos, A, Julia, A, Heidecker, B, Garcia, F, Kurth, F, Tran, F, Hanses, F, Zoller, H, Holter, JC, Fernandez, J, Sander, LE, Rosenstiel, P, Koehler, P, de Cid, R, Asselta, R, Schreiber, S, Hehr, U, Prati, D, Baselli, G, Valenti, L, Bujanda, L, Banales, JM, Duga, S, D'Amato, M, Romero-Gomez, M, Buti, M, Invernizzi, P, Franke, A, Hov, JR, Karlsen, TH, Folseraas, T, Maya-Miles, D, Teles, A, Azuure, C, Wacker, EM, Uellendahl-Werth, F, Elabd, H, Arora, J, Lerga-Jaso, J, Wienbrandt, L, Ruehlemann, MC, Wendorff, M, Vadla, MS, Lenning, OB, Oezer, O, Myhre, R, Raychaudhuri, S, Tanck, A, Gassner, C, Hemmrich-Stanisak, G, Kaessens, J, Basso, MEF, Schulzky, M, Wittig, M, Braun, N, Wesse, T, Albrecht, W, Yi, X, Ortiz, AB, Garrido Chercoles, A, Ruiz, A, Mantovani, A, Holten, AR, Mayer, A, Cherubini, A, Protti, A, Aghemo, A, Gerussi, A, Ramirez, A, Braun, A, Barreira, A, Lleo, A, Kildal, AB, Glueck, A, Carreras Nolla, A, Latiano, A, Dyrhol-Riise, AM, Muscatello, A, Voza, A, Rando-Segura, A, Solier, A, Karina, B, Cortes, B, Mateos, B, Nafria-Jimenez, B, Schaefer, B, Bellinghausen, C, Ferrando, C, Quereda, C, Skurk, C, Thibeault, C, Spinner, CD, Lange, C, Hu, C, Cappadona, C, Bianco, C, Sancho, C, Hoff, DAL, Galimberti, D, Jimenez, D, Pestana, D, Toapanta, D, Azzolini, E, Scarpini, E, Helbig, ET, Urrechaga, E, Paraboschi, EM, Pontali, E, Reverter, E, Navas, E, Arana, E, Garcia Sanchez, F, Ceriotti, F, 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Huang, Qin Qin, Martin, Hilary C., Mason, Dan, Trivedi, Bhavi, Wright, John, Finer, Sarah, Griffiths, Christopher J., Akhtar, Shaheen, Anwar, Mohammad, Arciero, Elena, Ashraf, Samina, Breen, Gerome, Chung, Raymond, Curtis, Charles J., Chowdhury, Maharun, Colligan, Grainne, Deloukas, Pano, Durham, Ceri, Griffiths, Chri, Hurles, Matt, Hussain, Shapna, Islam, Kamrul, Khan, Ahsan, Khan, Amara, Lavery, Cath, Lee, Sang Hyuck, Lerner, Robin, Macarthur, Daniel, Maclaughlin, Bev, Martin, Hilary, Miah, Shefa, Newman, Bill, Safa, Nishat, Tahmasebi, Farah, Smith, Albert V., Boughton, Andrew P., Li, Kevin W., Lefaive, Jonathon, Annis, Aubrey, Jannes, Cinthia E., Krieger, Jose E., Pereira, Alexandre C., Velho, Mariliza, Marques, Emanuelle, Lima, Isabella Ramo, Tada, Mauricio Teruo, Valino, Karina, Mccarthy, Mark, Rosenberger, Carrie, Lee, Jong Eun, Chang, Diana, Hammer, Christian, Hunkapiller, Julie, Mahajan, Anubha, Pendergrass, Sarah, Sucheston-Campbell, Lara, Yaspan, Brian, Lee, Hyun Soo, Shin, Eunsoon, Jang, Hye Yoon, Kim, Sunmie, Kym, Sungmin, Kim, Yeon-Sook, Jeong, Hyeongseok, Kwon, Ki Tae, Kim, Shin-Woo, Kim, Jin Yong, Jang, Young Rock, Kim, Hyun ah, Lee, Ji Yeon, Lee, Jeong Eun, Lee, Shinwon, Choe, Kang-Won, Kang, Yu Min, Jee, Sun Ha, Jung, Keum Ji, Parikh, Victoria, Ashley, Euan, Wheeler, Matthew, Rivas, Manuel, Bustamante, Carlo, Pinksy, Benjamin, Febbo, Phillip, Farh, Kyle, Schroth, Gary P., Desouza, Franci, Dalton, Karen, Christle, Jeff, Deboever, Christopher, Szalma, Sándor, Rubinacci, Simone, Delaneau, Olivier, Gorzynski, John, de Jong, Hannah, Sutton, Shirley, Youlton, Nathan, Joshi, Ruchi, Jimenez-Morales, David, Hughes, Christopher, Amar, David, Ioannidis, Alex, Hershman, Steve, Kirillova, Anna, Seo, Kinya, Huang, Yong, Shoura, Massa, Hammond, Nathan, Watson, Nathaniel, Raja, Archana, Huang, Chunhong, Sahoo, Malaya, Wang, Hannah, Zhen, Jimmy, Rakitko, Alexander, Ilinsky, Valery, Yermakovich, Danat, Popov, Iaroslav, Chernitsov, Alexander, Kovalenko, Elena, Krasnenko, Anna, Plotnikov, Nikolay, Stetsenko, Ivan, Kim, Anna, Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Schiabor Barrett, Kelly M., Bolze, Alexandre, White, Simon, Washington, Nicole L., Lu, James T., Riffle, Stephen, Tanudjaja, Francisco, Wang, Xueqing, Ramirez, Jimmy M., Leonetti, Nicole, Sandoval, Efren, Neveux, Iva, Dabe, Shaun, Grzymski, Joseph J., Esteban Miñano, Juan Ignacio, Aguirre, Luis A., López-Collazo, Eduardo, de la Mata Pazos, Manuel, Cerrato, Luciano, Lozano-Rodríguez, Roberto, Avendaño-Ortiz, José, Arcos, Verónica Terrón, Montalbán-Hernández, Karla Marina, Quiroga, Jaime Valentín, Pascual-Iglesias, Alejandro, Maroun-Eid, Charbel, Martín-Quirós, Alejandro, Namkoong, Ho, Imoto, Seiya, Katayama, Kazuhiko, Fukunaga, Koichi, Kitagawa, Yuko, Sato, Toshiro, Hasegawa, Naoki, Kumanogoh, Atsushi, Kimura, Akinori, Ai, Masumi, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Kanai, Takanori, Miyano, Satoru, Ogawa, Seishi, Edahiro, Ryuya, Sonehara, Kyuto, Shirai, Yuya, Ishii, Makoto, Kabata, Hiroki, Masaki, Katsunori, Kamata, Hirofumi, Ikemura, Shinnosuke, Chubachi, Shotaro, Okamori, Satoshi, Terai, Hideki, Tanaka, Hiromu, Morita, Atsuho, Lee, Ho, Asakura, Takanori, Sasaki, Junichi, Morisaki, Hiroshi, Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Nanki, Kosaku, Mikami, Yohei, Tomono, Kazunori, Kato, Kazuto, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Takahashi, Meiko, Hizawa, Nobuyuki, Takeda, Yoshito, Hirata, Haruhiko, Shiroyama, Takayuki, Miyawaki, Satoru, Suzuki, Ken, Maeda, Yuichi, Nii, Takuro, Noda, Yoshimi, Niitsu, Takayuki, Adachi, Yuichi, Enomoto, Takatoshi, Amiya, Saori, Hara, Reina, Takahashi, Kunihiko, Anzai, Tatsuhiko, Hasegawa, Takanori, Ito, Satoshi, Koike, Ryuji, Endo, Akifumi, Uchimura, Yuji, Miyazaki, Yasunari, Honda, Takayuki, Tateishi, Tomoya, Tohda, Shuji, Ichimura, Naoya, Sonobe, Kazunari, Sassa, Chihiro, Nakajima, Jun, Nannya, Yasuhito, Omae, Yosuke, Takahashi, Kazuhisa, Harada, Norihiro, Hiki, Makoto, Takagi, Haruhi, Nakamura, Ai, Tagaya, Etsuko, Kawana, Masatoshi, Arimura, Ken, Ishiguro, Takashi, Takayanagi, Noboru, Isono, Taisuke, Takaku, Yotaro, Takano, Kenji, Anan, Ryusuke, Nakajima, Yukiko, Nakano, Yasushi, Nishio, Kazumi, Ueda, Soichiro, Hayashi, Reina, Tateno, Hiroki, Hase, Isano, Yoshida, Shuichi, Suzuki, Shoji, Mitamura, Keiko, Saito, Fumitake, Ueda, Tetsuya, Azuma, Masanori, Nagasaki, Tadao, Yasui, Yoshinori, Hasegawa, Yoshinori, Mutoh, Yoshikazu, Yoshiyama, Takashi, Shoko, Tomohisa, Kojima, Mitsuaki, Adachi, Tomohiro, Ishikawa, Motonao, Takahashi, Kenichiro, Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Manabe, Tadashi, Ito, Fumimaro, Fukui, Takahiro, Funatsu, Yohei, Koh, Hidefumi, Hirai, Yoshihiro, Kawashima, Hidetoshi, Narita, Atsuya, Niwa, Kazuki, Sekikawa, Yoshiyuki, Saito, Fukuki, Yoshiya, Kazuhisa, Yoshihara, Tomoyuki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Nakayama, Sohei, Masuzawa, Keita, Nishi, Koichi, Nishitsuji, Masaru, Tani, Maiko, Inoue, Takashi, Hirano, Toshiyuki, Kobayashi, Keigo, Miyazawa, Naoki, Kimura, Yasuhiro, Sado, Reiko, Ogura, Takashi, Kitamura, Hideya, Murohashi, Kota, Nakachi, Ichiro, Baba, Rie, Arai, Daisuke, Fuke, Satoshi, Saito, Hiroshi, Kuwahara, Naota, Fujiwara, Akiko, Okada, Takenori, Baba, Tomoya, Noda, Junya, Mashimo, Shuko, Yagi, Kazuma, Shiomi, Tetsuya, Hashiguchi, Mizuha, Odani, Toshio, Mochimaru, Takao, Oyamada, Yoshitaka, Mori, Nobuaki, Izumi, Namiki, Nagata, Kaoru, Taki, Reiko, Murakami, Koji, Yamada, Mitsuhiro, Sugiura, Hisatoshi, Hayashi, Kentaro, Shimizu, Tetsuo, Gon, Yasuhiro, Fujitani, Shigeki, Tsuchida, Tomoya, Yoshida, Toru, Kagaya, Takashi, Kita, Toshiyuki, Sakagami, Satoru, Kimizuka, Yoshifumi, Kawana, Akihiko, Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Ishikura, Hiroyasu, Takata, Tohru, Kikuchi, Takahide, Taniyama, Daisuke, Nakamura, Morio, Kodama, Nobuhiro, Kaneyama, Yasunari, Maeda, Shunsuke, Nagasaki, Yoji, Okamoto, Masaki, Ishihara, Sayoko, Ito, Akihiro, Chihara, Yusuke, Takeuchi, Mayumi, Onoi, Keisuke, Hashimoto, Naozumi, Wakahara, Keiko, Ando, Akira, Masuda, Makoto, Wakabayashi, Aya, Watanabe, Hiroki, Sageshima, Hisako, Nakada, Taka-Aki, Abe, Ryuzo, Shimada, Tadanaga, Kawamura, Kodai, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nishiyama, Kenta, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Kusaka, Yu, Ohba, Takehiko, Isogai, Susumu, Takada, Minoru, Kanda, Hidenori, Komase, Yuko, Sano, Fumiaki, Asano, Koichiro, Oguma, Tsuyoshi, Harada, Masahiro, Takahashi, Takeshi, Shibusawa, Takayuki, Abe, Shinji, Kono, Yuta, Togashi, Yuki, Izumo, Takehiro, Inomata, Minoru, Awano, Nobuyasu, Ogawa, Shinichi, Ogata, Tomouki, Ishihara, Shoichiro, Kanehiro, Arihiko, Ozaki, Shinji, Fuchimoto, Yasuko, Kitagawa, Yuichiro, Yoshida, Shozo, Ogura, Shinji, Nishiyama, Kei, Yoshida, Kousuke, Beppu, Satoru, Fukuyama, Satoru, Eriguchi, Yoshihiro, Yonekawa, Akiko, Inoue, Yoshiaki, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Chiba, Shigeru, Narumoto, Osamu, Nagai, Hideaki, Ooshima, Nobuharu, Motegi, Mitsuru, Sagara, Hironori, Tanaka, Akihiko, Ohta, Shin, Shibata, Yoko, Tanino, Yoshinori, Sato, Yuki, Yamada, Yuichiro, Hashino, Takuya, Shinoki, Masato, Iwagoe, Hajime, Imamura, Tomonori, Umeda, Akira, Shimada, Hisato, Endo, Mayu, Hayashi, Shinichi, Takahashi, Mai, Nakano, Shigefumi, Yatomi, Masakiyo, Maeno, Toshitaka, Ishii, Tomoo, Utsugi, Mitsuyoshi, Ono, Akihiro, Kanaoka, Kensuke, Ihara, Shoichi, Komuta, Kiyoshi, Boezen, Marike, Claringbould, Annique, Lopera, Esteban, Warmerdam, Robert, Vonk, Judith. M., van Blokland, Irene, Lanting, Pauline, Ori, Anil P. S., Obeidat, Ma’En, Hernández Cordero, Ana I., Sin, Don D., Bossé, Yohan, Joubert, Philippe, Hao, Ke, Nickle, David, Timens, Wim, van den Berge, Maarten, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, Mercader, Josep, Weiss, Scott T., Karlson, Elizabeth W., Smoller, Jordan W., Murphy, Shawn N., Meigs, James B., Woolley, Ann E., Green, Robert C., Perez, Emma F., Zöllner, Sebastian, Wang, Jiongming, Beck, Andrew, Sloofman, Laura G., Ascolillo, Steven, Sebra, Robert P., Collins, Brett L., Levy, Te, Sealfon, Stuart C., Jordan, Daniel M., Thompson, Ryan C., Gettler, Kyle, Chaudhary, Kumardeep, Belbin, Gillian M., Preuss, Michael, Hoggart, Clive, Choi, Sam, Underwood, Slayton J., Salib, Irene, Britvan, Bari, Keller, Katherine, Tang, Lara, Peruggia, Michael, Hiester, Liam L., Niblo, Kristi, Aksentijevich, Alexandra, Labkowsky, Alexander, Karp, Avromie, Zlatopolsky, Menachem, Zyndorf, Marissa, Charney, Alexander W., Beckmann, Noam D., Schadt, Eric E., Abul-Husn, Noura S., Cho, Judy H., Itan, Yuval, Kenny, Eimear E., Loos, Ruth J. F., Nadkarni, Girish N., Do, Ron, O’Reilly, Paul, Huckins, Laura M., Ferreira, Manuel A. R., Abecasis, Goncalo R., Leader, Joseph B., Cantor, Michael N., Justice, Anne E., Carey, Dave J., Chittoor, Geetha, Josyula, Navya Shilpa, Kosmicki, Jack A., Horowitz, Julie E., Baras, Ari, Gass, Matthew C., Yadav, Ashish, Mirshahi, Tooraj, Jan Hottenga, Jouke, Bartels, Meike, de Geus, Eco J. C., Nivard, Michel G., Verma, Anurag, Ritchie, Marylyn D., Rader, Daniel, Li, Binglan, Verma, Shefali S., Lucas, Anastasia, Bradford, Yuki, Zara, Federico, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Scala, Marcello, Iacomino, Michele, Scudieri, Paolo, Bocciardi, Renata, Minetti, Carlo, Riva, Antonella, Vari, Maria Stella, Rahier, Jean-Françoi, Giorgio, Elisa, Carli, Diana, Louis, Edouad, Bulik, Cynthia M., Landén, Mikael, Brusco, Alfredo, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Madia, Francesca, Fundín, Bengt, Ismail, Said I., Saad, Chadi, Al-Sarraj, Yaser, Badji, Radja Messai, Al-Muftah, Wadha, Al Thani, Asma, Afifi, Nahla, Klovins, Jani, Rovite, Vita, Rescenko, Raimond, Peculis, Raiti, Ustinova, Monta, Zeberg, Hugo, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklo, Johnson, Ruth, Geschwind, Daniel H., Freimer, Nelson, Butte, Manish J., Ding, Yi, Chiu, Alec, Chang, Timothy S., Boutros, Paul, Moutsianas, Louka, Caulfield, Mark J., Scott, Richard H., Walker, Susan, Stuckey, Alex, Odhams, Christopher A., Rhodes, Daniel, Fowler, Tom, Rendon, Augusto, Chan, Georgia, Arumugam, Prabhu, Karczewski, Konrad J., Wilson, Daniel J., Spencer, Chris A., Crook, Derrick W., Wyllie, David H., O’Connell, Anne Marie, Atkinson, Elizabeth G., Tsuo, Kristin, Baya, Nikola, Turley, Patrick, Gupta, Rahul, Walters, Raymond K., Palmer, Duncan S., Sarma, Gopal, Cheng, Nathan, Lu, Wenhan, Churchhouse, Claire, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., King, Daniel, Seed, Cotton, Daly, Mark J., Bryant, Sam, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Band, Gavin, Earle, Sarah G., Lin, Shang-Kuan, Arning, Nicola, Armstrong, Jacob, Rudkin, Justine K., Callier, Shawneequa, Cusick, Caroline, Soranzo, Nicole, Zhao, Jing Hua, Danesh, John, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Butterworth, Adam S., Sun, Yan V., Huffman, Jennifer E., Cho, Kelly, O’Donnell, Christopher J., Tsao, Phil, Gaziano, J. Michael, Peloso, Gina, Ho, Yuk-Lam, Mian, Michael, Scaggiante, Federica, Chang, Xiao, Glessner, Joseph R., Hakonarson, Hakon, Mcguigan, Peter J., Prockter Moore, Luke Stephen, Vizcaychipi, Marcela Paola, Hall, Kathryn, Campbell, Andy, Nichol, Ailstair, Ward, Geraldine, Page, Valerie Joan, Semple, Malcolm G., Adeniji, Kayode, Agranoff, Daniel, Agwuh, Ken, Ail, Dhiraj, Aldera, Erin L., Alegria, Ana, Angus, Brian, Ashish, Abdul, Atkinson, Dougal, Bari, Shahedal, Barlow, Gavin, Barnass, Stella, Barrett, Nichola, Bassford, Christopher, Basude, Sneha, Baxter, David, Beadsworth, Michael, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, Berridge, John, Best, Nicola, Bothma, Pieter, Chadwick, David, Brittain-Long, Robin, Bulteel, Naomi, Burden, Tom, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Caruth, Vikki, Chambler, Duncan, Chee, Nigel, Child, Jenny, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Clark, Tom, Collini, Paul, Cosgrove, Catherine, Cupitt, Jason, Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa, Dark, Paul, Dawson, Chri, Dervisevic, Samir, Donnison, Phil, Douthwaite, Sam, Drummond, Andrew, Durand, Ingrid, Dushianthan, Ahilanadan, Dyer, Tristan, Evans, Cariad, Eziefula, Chi, Fegan, Christopher, Finn, Adam, Fullerton, Duncan, Garg, Sanjeev, Garg, Atul, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Godden, Jo, Goldsmith, Arthur, Graham, Clive, Hardy, Elaine, Hartshorn, Stuart, Harvey, Daniel, Havalda, Peter, Hawcutt, Daniel B., Hobrok, Maria, Hodgson, Luke, Hormis, Anil, Jacobs, Michael, Jain, Susan, Jennings, Paul, Kaliappan, Agilan, Kasipandian, Vidya, Kegg, Stephen, Kelsey, Michael, Kendall, Jason, Kerrison, Caroline, Kerslake, Ian, Koch, Oliver, Koduri, Gouri, Koshy, George, Laha, Shondipon, Laird, Steven, Larkin, Susan, Leiner, Tama, Lillie, Patrick, Limb, Jame, Linnett, Vanessa, Little, Jeff, Lyttle, Mark, Macmahon, Michael, Macnaughton, Emily, Mankregod, Ravish, Masson, Huw, Matovu, Elijah, Mccullough, Katherine, Mcewen, Ruth, Meda, Manjula, Mills, Gary H., Minton, Jane, Ward, Karl, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, Mohandas, Kavya, Mok, Quen, Moon, Jame, Moore, Elinoor, Morgan, Patrick, Morris, Craig, Mortimore, Katherine, Moses, Samuel, Mpenge, Mbiye, Mulla, Rohinton, Murphy, Michael, Nagel, Megan, Nagarajan, Thapa, Nelson, Mark, O’Shea, Matthew K., Otahal, Igor, Ostermann, Marlie, Pais, Mark, Panchatsharam, Selva, Papakonstantinou, Danai, Paraiso, Hassan, Patel, Brij, Pattison, Natalie, Pepperell, Justin, Peters, Mark, Phull, Mandeep, Pintus, Stefania, Pooni, Jagtur Singh, Post, Frank, Price, David, Prout, Rachel, Rae, Nikola, Reschreiter, Henrik, Reynolds, Tim, Richardson, Neil, Roberts, Mark, Roberts, Devender, Rose, Alistair, Rousseau, Guy, Ryan, Brendan, Saluja, Taranprit, Shah, Aarti, Shanmuga, Prad, Sharma, Anil, Shawcross, Anna, Sizer, Jeremy, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Smith, Richard, Snelson, Catherine, Spittle, Nick, Staines, Nikki, Stambach, Tom, Stewart, Richard, Subudhi, Pradeep, Szakmany, Tama, Tatham, Kate, Thomas, Jo, Thompson, Chri, Thompson, Robert, Tridente, Ascanio, Tupper-Carey, Darell, Twagira, Mary, Ustianowski, Andrew, Vallotton, Nick, Vincent-Smith, Lisa, Visuvanathan, Shico, Vuylsteke, Alan, Waddy, Sam, Wake, Rachel, Walden, Andrew, Welters, Ingeborg, Whitehouse, Tony, Whittaker, Paul, Whittington, Ashley, Papineni, Padmasayee, Wijesinghe, Meme, Williams, Martin, Wilson, Lawrence, Cole, Sarah, Winchester, Stephen, Wiselka, Martin, Wolverson, Adam, Wooton, Daniel G., Workman, Andrew, Yates, Bryan, Young, Peter, Beale, Rupert, Bretherick, Andrew D., Clohisey, Sara, Fourman, Max Head, Furniss, Jame, Gountouna, Elvina, Grimes, Graeme, Haley, Chri, Harrison, David, Hayward, Caroline, Keating, Sean, Klaric, Lucija, Klenerman, Paul, Law, Andy, Meynert, Alison M., Millar, Jonathan, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Parkinson, Nichola, Ponting, Chris P., Porteous, David J., Rawlik, Konrad, Richmond, Anne, Rowan, Kathy, Russell, Clark D., Shen, Xia, Shih, Barbara, Tenesa, Albert, Vitart, Veronique, Wang, Bo, Wilson, James F., Wu, Yang, Yang, Jian, Yang, Zhijian, Zechner, Marie, Zhai, Ranran, Zheng, Chenqing, Norman, Lisa, Pius, Riinu, Drake, Thomas M., Fairfield, Cameron J., Knight, Stephen R., Mclean, Kenneth A., Murphy, Derek, Shaw, Catherine A., Dalton, Jo, Girvan, Michelle, Saviciute, Egle, Roberts, Stephanie, Harrison, Janet, Marsh, Laura, Connor, Marie, Halpin, Sophie, Jackson, Clare, Gamble, Carrol, Leeming, Gary, Law, Andrew, Wham, Murray, Hendry, Ro, Scott-Brown, Jame, Begg, Colin, Hinds, Charle, Wai Ho, Antonia Ying, Horby, Peter W., Knight, Julian, Ling, Lowell, Maslove, David, Mcauley, Danny, Montgomery, Hugh, Nichol, Alistair, Openshaw, Peter J. M., Summers, Charlotte, Walsh, Timothy, Armstrong, Lisa, Bates, Hayley, Dooks, Emma, Farquhar, Fiona, Hairsine, Brigid, Mcparland, C., Packham, Sophie, Alldis, Zoe, Astin-Chamberlain, Raine, Bibi, Fatima, Biddle, Jack, Blow, Sarah, Bolton, Matthew, Borra, Catherine, Bowles, Ruth, Burton, Maudrian, Choudhury, Yasmin, Collier, David, Cox, Amber, Easthope, Amy, Ebano, Patrizia, Fotiadis, Stavro, Gurasashvili, Jana, Halls, Rosslyn, Hartridge, Pippa, Kallon, Delordson, Kassam, Jamila, Lancoma-Malcolm, Ivone, Matharu, Maninderpal, May, Peter, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Newman, Tabitha, Patel, Mital, Pheby, Jane, Pinzuti, Irene, Prime, Zoe, Prysyazhna, Oleksandra, Shiel, Julian, Taylor, Melanie, Tierney, Carey, Wood, Suzanne, Zak, Anne, Zongo, Olivier, Forsey, Miranda, Nicholson, Anne, Riches, Joanne, Vertue, Mark, Wasson, Christopher, Finn, Stephanie, Green, Jackie, Collins, Erin, King, Bernadette, Grauslyte, Lina, Hussain, Musarat, Pogreban, Tatiana, Rosaroso, Lace, Salciute, Erika, Franke, George, Wong, Joanna, George, Aparna, Akeroyd, Louise, Bano, Shereen, Bromley, Matt, Gurr, Lucy, Lawton, Tom, Morgan, Jame, Sellick, Kirsten, Warren, Deborah, Wilkinson, Brian, Mcgowan, Janet, Ledgard, Camilla, Stacey, Amelia, Pye, Kate, Bellwood, Ruth, Bentley, Michael, Loosley, Ronda, Mcguinness, Heather, Tench, Helen, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Gibson, Sian, Lyle, Amanda, Mcneela, Fiona, Radhakrishnan, Jayachandran, Hughes, Alistair, Ali, Asifa, Brady, Megan, Dale, Sam, Dance, Annalisa, Gledhill, Lisa, Greig, Jill, Hanson, Kathryn, Holdroyd, Kelly, Home, Marie, Kelly, Diane, Kitson, Ro, Matapure, Lear, Melia, Deborah, Mellor, Samantha, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Pinnell, Jez, Robinson, Matthew, Shaw, Lisa, Shaw, Ryan, Thomis, Lesley, Wilson, Alison, Wood, Tracy, Bayo, Lee-Ann, Merwaha, Ekta, Ishaq, Tahira, Hanley, Sarah, Antcliffe, David, Banach, Dorota, Brett, Stephen, Coghlan, Phoebe, Fernandez, Ziortza, Gordon, Anthony, Rojo, Roceld, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Templeton, Maie, Jha, Rajeev, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Lim, Lai, Bi, Rehana, Scholefield, Barney, Ashton, Lydia, Williams, Alison, Cheyne, Claire, Saunderson, Anne, Allan, Angela, Anderson, Felicity, Kaye, Callum, Liew, Jade, Medhora, Jasmine, Scott, Teresa, Trumper, Erin, Botello, Adriana, Polgarova, Petra, Stroud, Katerina, Meaney, Eoghan, Jones, Megan, Ng, Anthony, Agrawal, Shruti, Pathan, Nazima, White, Deborah, Daubney, Esther, Elston, Kay, Parker, Robert, Reddy, Amie, Turner-Bone, Ian, Wilding, Laura, Harding, Peter, Jacob, Reni, Jones, Cathy, Denmade, Craig, Croft, Maria, White, Ian, Lim, Li, Griffin, Denise, Muchenje, Nycola, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Partridge, Richard, Conyngham, Jo-Anna, Thomas, Rachel, Wright, Mary, Corral, Maria Alvarez, Bastion, Victoria, Clarke, Daphene, David, Beena, Kent, Harriet, Lorusso, Rachel, Lubimbi, Gamu, Murdoch, Sophie, Penacerrada, Melchizedek, Thomas, Alastair, Valentine, Jennifer, Vochin, Ana, Wulandari, Retno, Djeugam, Brice, Dawson, Joy, Garrioch, Sweyn, Tolson, Melanie, Aldridge, Jonathan, de Almeida Martins, Laura Gome, Carungcong, Jaime, Beavis, Sarah, Dale, Katie, Gascoyne, Rachel, Hawes, Joanne, Pritchard, Kelly, Stevenson, Lesley, Whileman, Amanda, Cowley, Anne, Highgate, Judith, Crawley, Rikki, Crew, Abigail, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Harrison, Laura, Hope, Susan, Inweregbu, Ken, Jones, Sian, Lancaster, Nicola, Matthews, Jamie, Nicholson, Alice, Wray, Gemma, Benham, Leonie, Bradshaw, Zena, Brown, Joanna, Caswell, Melanie, Melling, Sarah, Preston, Stephen, Slawson, Nicola, Stoddard, Emma, Warden, Scott, Combes, Edward, Joefield, Teishel, Monnery, Sonja, Beech, Valerie, Trotman, Sallyanne, Hopkins, Bridget, Scriven, Jame, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Willis, Heather, Anderson, Susan, Birch, Janine, Collins, Emma, Hammerton, Kate, O’Leary, Ryan, Abernathy, Caroline, Foster, Louise, Gratrix, Andrew, Martinson, Vicky, Parkinson, Priyai, Stones, Elizabeth, Carbral-Ortega, Llucia, Kapoor, Ritoo, Loader, David, Castle, Karen, Brandwood, Craig, Smith, Lara, Clark, Richard, Birchall, Katie, Kolakaluri, Laurel, Baines, Deborah, Sukumaran, Anila, Mapfunde, Isheunesu, Meredith, Megan, Morris, Lucy, Ryan, Lucy, Clark, Amy, Sampson, Julia, Peters, Cecilia, Dent, Martin, Langley, Margaret, Ashraf, Saima, Wei, Shuying, Andrew, Angela, Chablani, Manish, Kirkby, Amy, Netherton, Kimberley, Bates, Michelle, Dasgin, Jo, Gill, Jaspret, Nilsson, Annette, Apetri, Elena, Basikolo, Cathrine, Blackledge, Bethan, Catlow, Laura, Charles, Bethan, Doonan, Reece, Harris, Jade, Harvey, Alice, Horner, Daniel, Knowles, Karen, Lee, Stephanie, Lomas, Diane, Lyons, Chloe, Marsden, Tracy, Mclaughlan, Danielle, Mcmorrow, Liam, Pendlebury, Jessica, Perez, Jane, Poulaka, Maria, Proudfoot, Nicola, Slaughter, Melanie, Slevin, Kathryn, Thomas, Vicky, Walker, Danielle, Michael, Angiy, Collis, Matthew, Clark, Martyn, Coulding, Martina, Jude, Edward, Mccormick, Jacqueline, Mercer, Oliver, Potla, Darsh, Rehman, Hafiz, Savill, Heather, Turner, Victoria, Davey, Miriam, Golden, David, Seaman, Rebecca, Hunt, Jodie, Dearden, Joy, Dobson, Emma, Mulcahy, Michelle, Munt, Sheila, O’Connor, Grainne, Philbin, Jennifer, Rishton, Chloe, Tully, Redmond, Winnard, Sarah, Cagova, Lenka, Fofano, Adama, Garner, Lucie, Holcombe, Helen, Mepham, Sue, Mitchell, Alice Michael, Mwaura, Lucy, Praman, K., Vuylsteke, Alain, Zamikula, Julie, Bercades, Georgia, Brealey, David, Hass, Ingrid, Maccallum, Niall, Martir, Glady, Raith, Eamon, Reyes, Anna, Smyth, Deborah, Taylor, Abigail, Hughes, Rachel Anne, Thomas, Helen, Rees, Alun, Duskova, Michaela, Phipps, Janet, Brooks, Suzanne, Edwards, Michelle, Alexander, Peter, Allen, Schvearn, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Brantwood, Craig, Egan, Jasmine, Felton, Timothy, Padden, Grace, Ward, Luke, Moss, Stuart, Glasgow, Susannah, Beesley, Kate, Board, Sarah, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Lewis, Alison, Perry, Je, Pippard, Lucy, Wood, Di, Buckley, Clare, Brown, Alison, Gregory, Jane, O’Connell, Susan, Smith, Tim, Belagodu, Zakaula, Fuller, Bridget, Gherman, Anca, Olufuwa, Olumide, Paramsothy, Remi, Stuart, Carmel, Oakley, Naomi, Kamundi, Charlotte, Tyl, David, Collins, Katy, Silva, Pedro, Taylor, June, King, Laura, Coates, Charlotte, Crowley, Maria, Wakefield, Phillipa, Beadle, Jane, Johnson, Laura, Sargeant, Janet, Anderson, Madeleine, Jardine, Catherine, Williams, Dewi, Parris, Victoria, Quaid, Sheena, Watson, Ekaterina, Melville, Julie, Naisbitt, Jay, Joseph, Rosane, Lazo, Maria, Walton, Olivia, Neal, Alan, Hill, Michaela, Kannan, Thogulava, Wild, Laura, Allan, Elizabeth, Darlington, Kate, Davies, Ffyon, Easton, Jack, Kumar, Sumit, Lean, Richard, Menzies, Daniel, Pugh, Richard, Qiu, Xinyi, Davies, Llino, Williams, Hannah, Scanlon, Jeremy, Davies, Gwyneth, Mackay, Callum, Lewis, Joannne, Rees, Stephanie, Coetzee, Samantha, Gales, Alistair, Raj, Meena, Sell, Craig, Langton, Helen, Watters, Malcolm, Novis, Catherine, Arbane, Gill, Bociek, Aneta, Campos, Sara, Grau, Neu, Jones, Tim Owen, Lim, Rosario, Marotti, Martina, Whitton, Christopher, Barron, Anthony, Collins, Ciara, Kaul, Sundeep, Passmore, Heather, Prendergast, Claire, Reed, Anna, Rogers, Paula, Shokkar, Rajvinder, Woodruff, Meriel, Middleton, Hayley, Polgar, Oliver, Nolan, Claire, Thwaites, Vicky, Mahay, Kanta, Sri-Chandana, Chunda, Scherewode, Joslan, Stephenson, Lorraine, Marsh, Sarah, Bancroft, Hollie, Bellamy, Mary, Carmody, Margaret, Daglish, Jacqueline, Moore, Faye, Rhodes, Joanne, Sangombe, Mirriam, Kadiri, Salma, Ayers, Amanda, Harrison, Wendy, North, Julie, Cavazza, Anna, Cockrell, Maeve, Corcoran, Eleanor, Depante, Maria, Finney, Clare, Jerome, Ellen, Mcphail, Mark, Nayak, Monalisa, Noble, Harriet, O’Reilly, Kevin, Pappa, Evita, Saha, Rohit, Saha, Sian, Smith, John, Knighton, Abigail, Gill, Mandy, Paul, Paul, Ratnam, Valli, Shelton, Sarah, Wynter, Inez, Baptista, David, Crowe, Rebecca, Fernandes, Rita, Herdman-Grant, Rosaleen, Joseph, Anna, Loveridge, Adam, Mckenley, India, Morino, Eriko, Naranjo, Andre, Simms, Richard, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Venkatesh, Harish, Khera, Jacyntha, Fox, Jonathan, Barber, Russell, Hewitt, Claire, Hilldrith, Annette, Jackson-Lawrence, Karen, Shepardson, Sarah, Wills, Maryanne, Butler, Susan, Tavares, Silvia, Cunningham, Amy, Hindale, Julia, Arif, Sarwat, George, Linsha, Twiss, Sophie, Wright, David, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Lyons, Marc, Wassall, Helen, Marsh, Chri, Mahenthran, Mervin, Carter, Emma, Kong, Thoma, Adanini, Oluronke, Bhatia, Nikhil, Msiska, Maine, Mew, Louise, Mwaura, Esther, Williams, Felicity, Wren, Lynn, Sutherland, Sara-Beth, Battle, Ceri, Brinkworth, Elaine, Harford, Rachel, Murphy, Carl, Newey, Luke, Rees, Tabitha, Williams, Marie, Arnold, Sophie, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Moncur, Eleanor, Tariq, Ambreen, Tucci, Arianna, Convery, Karen, Fottrell-Gould, Deirdre, Hudig, Lisa, Keshet-Price, Jocelyn, Randell, Georgina, Stammers, Katie, Abdelrazik, Marwa, Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalakshmi, Elhassan, Munzir, Ganesan, Arunkumar, Haldeos, Anne, Moreno-Cuesta, Jeronimo, Purohit, Dharam, Vincent, Rachel, Xavier, Kugan, Rohit, Kumar, Alasdair, Frater, Saleem, Malik, David, Carter, Jenkins, Samuel, Lamond, Zoe, Wall, Alanna, Reynolds, Jessica, Campbell, Helen, Thompsom, Maria, Dodds, Steve, Duffy, Stacey, Butcher, Deborah, O’Sullivan, Susie, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Deacon, Bethan, Hibbert, Meg, Pothecary, Carla, Tetla, Dariusz, Woodford, Christopher, Durga, Latha, Kennard-Holden, Gareth, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Peasgood, Emily, Phillips, Claire, Skinner, Denise, Gaylard, Jane, Mullan, Dee, Newman, Julie, Davies, Ellie, Roche, Lisa, Sathe, Sonia, Brimfield, Lutece, Daly, Zoe, Pogson, David, Rose, Steve, Collins, Amy, Khaliq, Waqa, Gude, Estefania Treu, Allen, Louise, Beranova, Eva, Crisp, Nikki, Deery, Joanne, Hazelton, Tracy, Knight, Alicia, Price, Carly, Tilbey, Sorrell, Turki, Salah, Turney, Sharon, Giles, Julian, Booth, Simon, Bell, Gillian, English, Katy, Katary, Amro, Wilcox, Louise, Campbell, Rachael, Clarke, Noreen, Whiteside, Jonathan, Mascarenhas, Mairi, Donaldson, Avril, Matheson, Joanna, Barrett, Fiona, O’Hara, Marianne, O’Keefe, Laura, Bradley, Clare, Collier, Dawn, Walker, Rachel, Maynard, Victoria, Patel, Tahera, Smith, Matthew, Kazi, Aayesha, Hartley, Janice, Dykes, Joseph, Hijazi, Muhammad, Keith, Sarah, Khan, Meherunnisa, Ryan-Smith, Janet, Springle, Philippa, Thomas, Jacqueline, Truman, Nick, Saad, Samuel, Coleman, Dabheoc, Fine, Christopher, Matt, Roseanna, Gay, Bethan, Dalziel, Jack, Ali, Syamlan, Goodchild, Drew, Harling, Rhiannan, Bhatterjee, Ravi, Goddard, Wendy, Davison, Chloe, Duberly, Stephen, Hargreaves, Jeanette, Bolton, Rachel, Verlander, Mark, Williams, Alexandra, Blackman, Helen, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Donlon, Sinead, Michalak-Glinska, Natalia, Mtuwa, Sheila, Pristopan, Veronika, Salberg, Armorel, Smith, Eleanor, Stone, Sarah, Piercy, Charle, Verula, Jerik, Burda, Dorota, Montaser, Rugia, Harden, Lesley, Mayangao, Irving, Marriott, Cheryl, Bradley, Paul, Harris, Celia, Cooper, Joshua, Finch, Cheryl, Liderth, Sarah, Quinn, Alison, Waddington, Natalia, Fidler, Katy, Tagliavini, Emma, Donnelly, Kevin, Abel, Lynn, Brett, Michael, Digby, Brian, Gemmell, Lisa, Hornsby, Jame, Macgoey, Patrick, O’Neil, Pauline, Price, Richard, Rodden, Natalie, Rooney, Kevin, Sundaram, Radha, Thomson, Nicola, Flanagan, Rebecca, Hughes, Gareth, Latham, Scott, Mckenna, Emma, Anderson, Jennifer, Hull, Robert, Rhead, Kat, Branney, Debbie, Frankham, Jordan, Pitts, Sally, White, Nigel, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, Natalie, Farzad, Zohreh, Gummadi, Mahitha, Liyanage, Kamal, Patel, Brijesh V., Salmi, Sara, Sloane, Geraldine, Varghese, Mathew, Zborowski, Anelise C., Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Spivey, Michael, Eastgate-Jackson, Christine, Filipe, Helder, Martin, Daniel, Maharajh, Amitaa, Garcia, Sara Mingo, De Neef, Mark, Lynch, Ceri, Howe, Gwenllian Sera, Singh, Jayaprakash, Turner, Keri, Ellis, Hannah, Stroud, Natalie, Cherian, Shiney, Cutler, Sean, Heron, Anne Emma, Roynon-Reed, Anna, Williams, Gemma, Richards, Owen, Cheema, Yusuf, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Barker, Joann, Bauchmuller, Kri, Bird, Sarah, Cawthron, Kay, Harrington, Kate, Jackson, Yvonne, Kibutu, Faith, Lenagh, Becky, Masuko, Shamiso, Raithatha, Ajay, Wiles, Matthew, Willson, Jayne, Newell, Helen, Lye, Alison, Nwafor, Lorenza, Jarman, Claire, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Foote, David, Cole, Joby, Thompson, Roger, Watson, Jame, Hesseldon, Lisa, Macharia, Irene, Chetam, Luke, Smith, Jacqui, Ford, Amber, Anderson, Samantha, Birchall, Kathryn, Housley, Kay, Walker, Sara, Milner, Leanne, Hanratty, Helena, Trower, Helen, Phillips, Patrick, Oxspring, Simon, Donne, Ben, Bevan, Emily, Martin, Jane, Trodd, Dawn, Watson, Geoff, Brown, Caroline Wrey, Bunni, Lara, Jennings, Claire, Latif, Monica, Marshall, Rebecca, Subramanian, Gayathri, Bandla, Nageswar, Gellamucho, Minnie, Davies, Michelle, Thompson, Christopher, Trim, Fiona, Eapen, Beena, Ahmed, Cecilia, Baines, Balvinder, Clamp, Sarah, Colley, Julie, Haq, Risna, Hayes, Anne, Hulme, Jonathan, Hussain, Samia, Joseph, Sibet, Kumar, Rita, Maqsood, Zahira, Purewal, Manjit, Chandler, Ben, Elliott, Kerry, Mallinson, Janine, Turnbull, Alison, Dent, Kathy, Horsley, Elizabeth, Akhtar, Muhmmad Nauman, Pearson, Sandra, Potoczna, Dorota, Spencer, Sue, Blakemore, Hayley, Borislavova, Borislava, Faulkner, Beverley, Gendall, Emma, Goff, Elizabeth, Hayes, Kati, Thomas, Matt, Worner, Ruth, Smith, Kerry, Stephens, Deanna, Delgado, Carlos Castro, Dawson, Deborah, Ding, Lijun, Durrant, Georgia, Ezeobu, Obiageri, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Harrison, Abiola, Kanu, Rebecca, Leaver, Susannah, Maccacari, Elena, Manna, Soumendu, Saluzzio, Romina Peperman, Queiroz, Joana, Samakomva, Tinashe, Sicat, Christine, Texeira, Joana, Da Gloria, Edna Fernande, Lisboa, Ana, Rawlins, John, Mathew, Jisha, Kinch, Ashley, Hurt, William Jame, Shah, Nirav, Clark, Victoria, Thanasi, Maria, Yun, Nikki, Patel, Kamal, Crickmore, Vikki, Debreceni, Gabor, Wilkins, Joy, Nicol, Liz, Burn, Iona, Hambrook, Geraldine, Manso, Katarina, Penn, Ruth, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Tebbutt, Julie, Thornton, Danielle, Rostron, Anthony, Roy, Alistair, Woods, Lindsey, Cornell, Sarah, Wakinshaw, Fiona, Rogerson, Kimberley, Jarmain, Jordan, Anderson, Peter, Archer, Katie, Austin, Karen, Davis, Caroline, Durie, Alison, Kelsall, Olivia, Thrush, Jessica, Vigurs, Charlie, Wood, Hannah-Louise, Tranter, Helen, Harrison, Alison, Cowley, Nichola, Mcalindon, Michael, Digby, Stephen, Low, Emma, Morgan, Aled, Cother, Naiara, Rankin, Tobia, Clayton, Sarah, Mccurdy, Alex, Allibone, Suzanne, Mary-Genetu, Roman, Patel, Amit, Mac, Ainhi, Murphy, Anthony, Mahjoob, Parisa, Nazari, Roonak, Worsley, Lucy, Fagan, Andrew, Mohamed Ali, Inthakab Ali, Beaumont, Karen, Blunt, Mark, Coton, Zoe, Curgenven, Hollie, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Fernandes, Kay, Ally, Sameena Mohamed, Rangarajan, Harini, Sarathy, Varun, Selvanayagam, Sivarupan, Vedage, Dave, White, Matthew, Fernandez-Roman, Jaime, Hamilton, David O., Johnson, Emily, Johnston, Brian, Martinez, Maria Lopez, Mulla, Suleman, Shaw, David, Waite, Alicia A. C., Waugh, Victoria, Welters, Ingeborg D., Williams, Karen, Bemand, Thoma, Black, Ethel, Rosa, Arnold Dela, Howle, Ryan, Jhanji, Shaman, Baikady, Ravishankar Rao, Tatham, Kate Colette, Thomas, Benjamin, Halkes, Matthew, Mercer, Pauline, Thornton, Lorraine, West, Joe, Baird, Tracy, Ruddy, Jim, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Birt, Mark, Cowton, Amanda, Kay, Andrea, Kent, Melanie, Potts, Kathryn, Wilkinson, Ami, Naylor, Suzanne, Brown, Ellen, Clark, Michele, Purvis, Sarah, Cole, Jade, Davies, Rhy, Duffin, Donna, Hill, Helen, Player, Ben, Thomas, Emma, Williams, Angharad, Beith, Claire Marie, Black, Karen, Clements, Suzanne, Morrison, Alan, Strachan, Dominic, Taylor, Margaret, Clarkson, Michelle, D’Sylva, Stuart, Norman, Kathryn, Coventry, Tina, Fowler, Susan, Mcgregor, Amanda, Brady, Ailbhe, Chan, Rebekah, Mcivor, Shane, Prady, Helena, Whittle, Helen, Mathew, Bijoy, Clapham, Melanie, Harper, Rosemary, Poultney, Una, Rice, Polly, Mutch, Rachel, Baird, Yolanda, Butler, Aaron, Chadbourn, Indra, Folkes, Linda, Fox, Heather, Gardner, Amy, Gomez, Raquel, Hobden, Gillian, King, Kirsten, Margarson, Michael, Martindale, Tim, Meadows, Emma, Raynard, Dana, Thirlwall, Yvette, Helm, David, Margalef, Jordi, Greer, Sandra, Shuker, Karen, Smuts, Sara, Duffield, Joseph, Smith, Oliver, Mallon, Lewi, Claire, Watkin, Birkinshaw, Isobel, Carter, Joseph, Howard, Kate, Ingham, Joanne, Joy, Rosie, Pearson, Harriet, Roche, Samantha, Scott, Zoe, Knights, Ellen, Price, Alicia, Thomas, Alice, Thorpe, Chri, Abraheem, Azmerelda, Bamford, Peter, Cawley, Kathryn, Dunmore, Charlie, Faulkner, Maria, Girach, Rumanah, Jeffrey, Helen, Jones, Rhianna, London, Emily, Nagra, Imrun, Nasir, Farah, Sainsbury, Hannah, Smedley, Clare, Khade, Reena, Sundar, Ashok, Tsinaslanidis, George, Behan, Teresa, Burnett, Caroline, Hatton, Jonathan, Heeney, Elaine, Mitra, Atideb, Newton, Maria, Pollard, Rachel, Stead, Rachael, Birch, Jenny, Bough, Laura, Goodsell, Josie, Tutton, Rebecca, Williams, Patricia, Williams, Sarah, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Auld, Fiona, Donnachie, Joanne, Edmond, Ian, Prentice, Lynn, Runciman, Nikole, Salutous, Dario, Symon, Lesley, Todd, Anne, Turner, Patricia, Short, Abigail, Sweeney, Laura, Murdoch, Euan, Senaratne, Dhaneesha, Burns, Karen, Higham, Andrew, Anderson, Taya, Hawcutt, Dan, O’Malley, Laura, Rad, Laura, Rogers, Naomi, Saunderson, Paula, Allison, Kathryn Sian, Afolabi, Deborah, Whitbread, Jennifer, Jones, Dawn, Dore, Rachael, Lankester, Liana, Nikitas, Nikita, Wells, Colin, Stowe, Bethan, Spencer, Kayleigh, Cathcart, Susanne, Duffy, Katharine, Puxty, Alex, Puxty, Kathryn, Turner, Lynne, Ireland, Jane, Semple, Gary, Barry, Peter, Hilltout, Paula, Evitts, Jayne, Tyler, Amanda, Waldron, Joanne, Irvine, Val, Shelley, Benjamin, Akinkugbe, Olugbenga, Bamford, Alasdair, Beech, Emily, Belfield, Holly, Bell, Michael, Davies, Charlene, Jones, Gareth A. L., Mchugh, Tara, Meghari, Hamza, O’Neill, Lauran, Peters, Mark J., Ray, Samiran, Tomas, Ana Luisa, Gorman, Claire, Gupta, Abhinav, Timlick, Elizabeth, Brady, Rebecca, Bonner, Stephen, Hugill, Keith, Jones, Jessica, Liggett, Steven, Bashyal, Archana, Davidson, Neil, Hutton, Paula, Mckechnie, Stuart, Wilson, Jean, Flint, Neil, Rekha, Patel, Hales, Dawn, Cruz, Carina, Gopal, Shameer, Harris, Nichola, Lake, Victoria, Metherell, Stella, Radford, Elizabeth, Clement, Ian, Patel, Bijal, Gulati, A., Hays, Carole, Webster, K., Hudson, Anne, Webster, Andrea, Stephenson, Elaine, Mccormack, Louise, Slater, Victoria, Nixon, Rachel, Hanson, Helen, Fearby, Maggie, Kelly, Sinead, Bridgett, Victoria, Robinson, Philip, Almaden-Boyle, Christine, Austin, Pauline, Cabrelli, Louise, Cole, Stephen, Casey, Matt, Chapman, Susan, Whyte, Clare, Brayne, Adam, Fisher, Emma, Hunt, Jane, Jackson, Peter, Kaye, Duncan, Love, Nichola, Parkin, Juliet, Tuckey, Victoria, van Koutrik, Lynne, Carter, Sasha, Andrew, Benedict, Findlay, Louise, Adams, Katie, Bruce, Michelle, Connolly, Karen, Duncan, Tracy, T. -Michael, Helen, Lindergard, Gabriella, Hey, Samuel, Fox, Claire, Alfonso, Jordan, Durrans, Laura Jayne, Guerin, Jacinta, Hruska, Martin, Eltayeb, Ayaa, Lamb, Thoma, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Cooper, Lisa, Rothwell, Joanne, Dennis, Catherine, Mcgregor, Alastair, Srikaran, Sinduya, Sukha, Anisha, Davies, Kim, O’Brien, Linda, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Lewis, Tracy, Sutherland, Isobel, Brooke, Hollie, Buckley, Sarah, Suarez, Jose Cebrian, Charlesworth, Ruth, Hansson, Karen, Norris, John, Poole, Alice, Rose, Alastair, Sandhu, Rajdeep, Sloan, Brendan, Smithson, Elizabeth, Thirumaran, Muthu, Wagstaff, Veronica, Metcalfe, Alexandra, Camsooksai, Julie, Humphrey, Charlotte, Jenkins, Sarah, Wadams, Beverley, Death, Yasmin, Adams, Colene, Agasou, Anita, Arden, Tracie, Bowes, Amy, Boyle, Pauline, Beekes, Mandy, Button, Heather, Capps, Nigel, Carnahan, Mandy, Carter, Anne, Childs, Danielle, Donaldson, Denise, Hard, Kelly, Hurford, Fran, Hussain, Yasmin, Javaid, Ayesha, Jones, Jame, Jose, Sanal, Leigh, Michael, Martin, Terry, Millward, Helen, Motherwell, Nichola, Rikunenko, Rachel, Stickley, Jo, Summers, Julie, Ting, Louise, Tivenan, Helen, Tonks, Louise, Wilcox, Rebecca, Bokhari, Maria, Lucas, Rachael, Mccormick, Wendy, Ritzema, Jenny, Sanderson, Amanda, Wild, Helen, Baxter, Nicola, Henderson, Steven, Kennedy-Hay, Sophie, Mcparland, Christopher, Rooney, Laura, Sim, Malcolm, Mccreath, Gordan, Brunton, Mark, Caterson, Je, Coles, Holly, Frise, Matthew, Rai, Sabi Gurung, Keating, Liza, Tilney, Emma, Bartley, Shauna, Bhuie, Parminder, Downes, Charlotte, Holding, Kathleen, Riches, Katie, Hilton, Mary, Hayman, Mel, Subramanian, Deepak, Daniel, Priya, Zitter, Letizia, Benyon, Sarah, Marriott, Suzie, Park, Linda, Keenan, Samantha, Gordon, Elizabeth, Quinn, Helen, Baines, Kizzy, Andrew, Gillian, Barclay, Lucy, Callaghan, Marie, Clark, Sarah, Hope, Dave, Marshall, Lucy, Mcculloch, Corrienne, Briton, Kate, Singleton, Jo, Birch, Sophie, Simpson, Kerry, Craig, Jayne, Demetriou, Carrie, Eckbad, Charlotte, Hierons, Sarah, Howie, Lucy, Mitchard, Sarah, Ramos, Lidia, Serrano-Ruiz, Alfredo, White, Katie, Kelly, Fiona, Amin, Vishal, Anastasescu, Elena, Anumakonda, Vikram, Karthik, Komala, Kausar, Rizwana, Reid, Karen, Smith, Jacqueline, Imeson-Wood, Janet, Bellini, Arianna, Bryant, Jade, Mayer, Anton, Pickard, Amy, Roe, Nichola, Sowter, Jason, Howlett, Alex, Criste, Kristine, Cusack, Rebecca, Golder, Kim, Golding, Hannah, Jones, Oliver, Leggett, Samantha, Male, Michelle, Marani, Martyna, Prager, Kirsty, Williams, Toran, Roberts, Belinda, Salmon, Karen, Gondo, Prisca, Hadebe, B., Kayani, Abdul, Masunda, Bridgett, Ahmed, Ashar, Morris, Anna, Jakkula, Sriniva, Long, Kate, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Elizabeth, Ogg, Bethan, Moultrie, Sam, Odam, M., Bewley, Jeremy, Garland, Zoe, Grimmer, Lisa, Gumbrill, Bethany, Johnson, Rebekah, Sweet, Katie, Webster, Denise, Efford, Georgia, Bennett, Sara, Goodwin, Emma, Jackson, Matthew, Kent, Alissa, Tibke, Clare, Woodyatt, Wiesia, Zaki, Ahmed, Daniel, Amelia, Finn, Joanne, Saha, Rajnish, Bremmer, Pamela, Allan, J., Geary, T., Houston, Gordon, Meikle, A., O’Brien, P., Bell, Dina, Boyle, Rosalind, Douglas, Katie, Glass, Lynn, Lee, Emma, Lennon, Liz, Rattray, Austin, Charnock, Rob, Mcfarland, Denise, Cosgrove, Denise, Attwood, Ben, Parsons, Penny, Carmody, Siobhain, Oblak, Metod, Popescu, Monica, Thankachen, Mini, Baruah, Rosie, Morris, Sheila, Ferguson, Susie, Shepherd, Amy, Altabaibeh, Abdelhakim, Alvaro, Ana, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Ma, Louise, Mostoles, Loreta, Parmar, Chetan, Simpson, Kathryn, Jetha, Champa, Booker, Lauren, Pratley, Anezka, Cosier, Tracey, Millen, Gemma, Schumacher, Natasha, Weston, Heather, Rand, Jame, Alex, Beatrice, Bach, Benjamin, Barclay, Wendy S., Bogaert, Debby, Chand, Meera, Cooke, Graham S., Docherty, Annemarie B., Dunning, Jake, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Fletcher, Tom, Green, Christoper A., Harrison, Ewen M., Hiscox, Julian A., Ijaz, Samreen, Khoo, Saye, Lim, Wei Shen, Mentzer, Alexander J., Merson, Laura, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Moore, Shona C., Palmarini, Massimo, Paxton, William A., Pollakis, Georgio, Price, Nichola, Rambaut, Andrew, Robertson, David L., Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Scott, Janet T., de Silva, Thushan, Sigfrid, Louise, Solomon, Tom, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stuart, David, Tedder, Richard S., Thomson, Emma C., Roger Thompson, A. A., Thwaites, Ryan S., Turtle, Lance C. W., Gupta, Rishi K., Palmieri, Carlo, Swann, Olivia V., Zambon, Maria, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Griffin, Julian L., Takats, Zoltan, Chechi, Kanta, Andrikopoulos, Petro, Osagie, Anthonia, Olanipekun, Michael, Liggi, Sonia, Lewis, Matthew R., Correia, Gonçalo dos Santo, Sands, Caroline J., Takis, Panteleimon, Maslen, Lynn, Greenhalf, William, Shaw, Victoria, Mcdonald, Sarah E., Keating, Seán, Ahmed, Katie A., Armstrong, Jane A., Ashworth, Milton, Asiimwe, Innocent G., Bakshi, Siddharth, Barlow, Samantha L., Booth, Laura, Brennan, Benjamin, Bullock, Katie, Catterall, Benjamin W. A., Clark, Jordan J., Clarke, Emily A., Cooper, Louise, Cox, Helen, Davis, Christopher, Dincarslan, Oslem, Dunn, Chri, Dyer, Philip, Elliott, Angela, Evans, Anthony, Finch, Lorna, Fisher, Lewis W. 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Eunice, Flaherty, Lisa, Maziere, Nicole, Cass, Emily, Carracedo, Alejandra Doce, Carlucci, Nicola, Holmes, Anthony, Massey, Hannah, Murphy, Lee, Wrobel, Nicola, Mccafferty, Sarah, Morrice, Kirstie, Maclean, Alan, Armstrong, Ruth, Boz, Ceilia, Brown, Adam, Coutts, Audrey, Cullum, Louise, Day, Nicky, Donnelly, Lorna, Duncan, Esther, Fawkes, Angie, Finernan, Paul, Gilchrist, Tammy, Golightly, Ailsa, Hafezi, Katarzyna, Law, Dawn, Law, Rachel, Law, Sarah, Macgillivray, Louise, Mal, Hanning, Mcmaster, Ellie, Meikle, Jen, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Paterson, Trevor, Stenhouse, Andrew, Swets, Maaike, Szoor-McElhinney, Helen, Taneski, Filip, Wackett, Tony, Ward, Mairi, Weaver, Jane, Coyle, Judy, Gallagher, Bernadette, Lidstone-Scott, Rebecca, Hamilton, Debbie, Schon, Katherine, Furlong, Anita, Biggs, Heather, Griffiths, Fiona, Andrews, Eleanor, Brickell, Kathy, Smyth, Michelle, Murphy, Lorna, Carson, Gail, Hardwick, Hayley, Donohue, Chloe, Pérez-Tur, Jordi [0000-0002-9111-1712], Martín, Javier [0000-0002-2202-0622], Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], A list of authors and their affiliations appears in the Supplementary Information, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), ANR-20-COVI-0003,GENCOVID,Identification des défauts monogéniques de l'immunité responsables des formes sévères de COVID-19 chez les patients précédemment en bonne santé(2020), ANR-21-COVR-0039,GenMIS-C,Recherche des Déficits immunitaires innées monogéniques prédisposant au syndrome inflammatoire multisystémique chez l'enfant.(2021), UCL - SSS/IREC/GAEN - Pôle d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de gastro-entérologie, Niemi, M, Karjalainen, J, Liao, R, Neale, B, Daly, M, Ganna, A, Pathak, G, Andrews, S, Kanai, M, Veerapen, K, Fernandez-Cadenas, I, Schulte, E, Striano, P, Marttila, M, Minica, C, Marouli, E, Karim, M, Wendt, F, Savage, J, Sloofman, L, Butler-Laporte, G, Kim, H, Kanoni, S, Okada, Y, Byun, J, Han, Y, Uddin, M, Smith, G, Willer, C, Buxbaum, J, Mehtonen, J, Finucane, H, Cordioli, M, Martin, A, Zhou, W, Pasaniuc, B, Julienne, H, Aschard, H, Shi, H, Yengo, L, Polimanti, R, Ghoussaini, M, Schwartzentruber, J, Dunham, I, Chwialkowska, K, Francescatto, M, Trankiem, A, Balaconis, M, Davis, L, Lee, S, Priest, J, Renieri, A, Sankaran, V, van Heel, D, Deelen, P, Richards, J, Nakanishi, T, Biesecker, L, Kerchberger, V, Baillie, J, Mari, F, Bernasconi, A, Baillie, S, Canakoglu, A, Wolford, B, Faucon, A, Dutta, A, Schurmann, C, Harry, E, Birney, E, Nguyen, H, Nasir, J, Kaunisto, M, Solomonson, M, Dueker, N, Vadgama, N, Limou, S, Rahmouni, S, Mbarek, H, Darwish, D, Albertos, R, Pérez-Tur, J, Li, R, Folkersen, L, Moltke, I, Koelling, N, Teumer, A, Kousathanas, A, Utrilla, A, Verdugo, R, Zárate, R, Medina-Gómez, C, Gómez-Cabrero, D, Carnero-Montoro, E, Cadilla, C, Moreno-Estrada, A, Garmendia, A, Moya, L, Sedaghati-Khayat, B, Boua, P, Favé, M, Francioli, L, Lemaçon, A, Migeotte, I, Patel, S, Varnai, R, Szentpeteri, J, Sipeky, C, Colombo, F, von Hohenstaufen, K, Lio, P, Vallerga, C, Wang, Q, Tanigawa, Y, Im, H, Han, C, Song, H, Lim, J, Lee, Y, Kim, S, Im, S, Atanasovska, B, Ahmad, H, Boer, C, Jansen, P, Franke, L, Kaja, E, Pasko, D, Kennis-Szilagyi, I, Kornilov, S, Prijatelj, V, Prokić, I, Sivanadhan, I, Perumal, S, Esmaeeli, S, Pearson, N, Auton, A, Shelton, J, Shastri, A, Filshtein-Sonmez, T, Coker, D, Symons, A, Esparza-Gordillo, J, Aslibekyan, S, O’Connell, J, 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Donaldson, D., Hard, K., Hurford, F., Hussain, Y., Javaid, A., Jose, S., Leigh, M., Martin, T., Millward, H., Motherwell, N., Rikunenko, R., Stickley, J., Summers, J., Ting, L., Tivenan, H., Tonks, L., Wilcox, R., Bokhari, M., Lucas, R., McCormick, W., Ritzema, J., Sanderson, A., Wild, H., Baxter, N., Henderson, S., Kennedy-Hay, S., Rooney, L., Sim, M., McCreath, G., Brunton, M., Caterson, J., Coles, H., Frise, M., Rai, S.G., Keating, L., Tilney, E., Bartley, S., Bhuie, P., Downes, C., Holding, K., Riches, K., Hilton, M., Hayman, M., Subramanian, D., Daniel, P., Zitter, L., Benyon, S., Marriott, S., Park, L., Keenan, S., Gordon, E., Quinn, H., Baines, K., Andrew, G., Barclay, L., Callaghan, M., Clark, S., Hope, D., Marshall, L., McCulloch, C., Briton, K., Singleton, J., Birch, S., Simpson, K., Craig, J., Demetriou, C., Eckbad, C., Hierons, S., Howie, L., Mitchard, S., Ramos, L., Serrano-Ruiz, A., White, K., Kelly, F., Amin, V., Anastasescu, E., Anumakonda, V., Karthik, K., Kausar, R., Reid, K., Imeson-Wood, J., Bellini, A., Bryant, J., Pickard, A., Roe, N., Sowter, J., Howlett, A., Criste, K., Cusack, R., Golder, K., Golding, H., Jones, O., Leggett, S., Male, M., Marani, M., Prager, K., Williams, T., Roberts, B., Salmon, K., Gondo, P., Kayani, A., Masunda, B., Ahmed, A., Morris, A., Jakkula, S., Long, K., Whiteley, S., Wilby, E., Ogg, B., Moultrie, S., Bewley, J., Garland, Z., Grimmer, L., Gumbrill, B., Sweet, K., Webster, D., Efford, G., Bennett, S., Goodwin, E., Jackson, M., Kent, A., Tibke, C., Woodyatt, W., Zaki, A., Daniel, A., Finn, J., Bremmer, P., Houston, G., O'Brien, P., Bell, D., Boyle, R., Douglas, K., Glass, L., Lee, E., Lennon, L., Rattray, A., Charnock, R., McFarland, D., Cosgrove, D., Attwood, B., Parsons, P., Carmody, S., Oblak, M., Popescu, M., Thankachen, M., Baruah, R., Morris, S., Ferguson, S., Shepherd, A., Altabaibeh, A., Alvaro, A., Gilbert, K., Ma, L., Mostoles, L., Parmar, C., Jetha, C., Booker, L., Pratley, A., Cosier, T., Millen, G., Schumacher, N., Weston, H., Rand, J., Alex, B., Bach, B., Barclay, W.S., Bogaert, D., Chand, M., Cooke, G.S., Docherty, A.B., Dunning, J., da Silva Filipe, A., Fletcher, T., Green, C.A., Harrison, E.M., Hiscox, J.A., Ijaz, S., Khoo, S., Lim, W.S., Mentzer, A.J., Merson, L., Noursadeghi, M., Moore, S.C., Palmarini, M., Paxton, W.A., Pollakis, G., Price, N., Rambaut, A., Robertson, D.L., Sancho-Shimizu, V., Scott, J.T., de Silva, T., Sigfrid, L., Solomon, T., Sriskandan, S., Stuart, D., Tedder, R.S., Thomson, E.C., Roger Thompson, A.A., Thwaites, R.S., Turtle, LCW, Gupta, R.K., Palmieri, C., Swann, O.V., Zambon, M., Dumas, M.E., Griffin, J.L., Takats, Z., Chechi, K., Andrikopoulos, P., Osagie, A., Olanipekun, M., Liggi, S., Lewis, M.R., Correia, GDS, Sands, C.J., Takis, P., Maslen, L., Greenhalf, W., Shaw, V., McDonald, S.E., Ahmed, K.A., Armstrong, J.A., Ashworth, M., Asiimwe, I.G., Bakshi, S., Barlow, S.L., Booth, L., Brennan, B., Bullock, K., Catterall, BWA, Clark, J.J., Clarke, E.A., Cox, H., Dincarslan, O., Dunn, C., Dyer, P., Elliott, A., Evans, A., Finch, L., Fisher, LWS, Foster, T., Garcia-Dorival, I., Gunning, P., Hartley, C., Jensen, R.L., Jones, C.B., Jones, T.R., Khandaker, S., Kiy, R.T., Koukorava, C., Lake, A., Lant, S., Latawiec, D., Lavelle-Langham, L., Lefteri, D., Lett, L., Livoti, L.A., Mancini, M., McDonald, S., McEvoy, L., McLauchlan, J., Metelmann, S., Miah, N.S., Middleton, J., Mitchell, J., Murphy, E.G., Penrice-Randal, R., Pilgrim, J., Prince, T., Reynolds, W., Ridley, P.M., Sales, D., Shaw, V.E., Shears, R.K., Small, B., Subramaniam, K.S., Szemiel, A., Taggart, A., Tanianis-Hughes, J., Trochu, E., van Tonder, L., Wilcock, E., Zhang, J.E., Flaherty, L., Maziere, N., Cass, E., Carracedo, A.D., Carlucci, N., Holmes, A., Massey, H., Murphy, L., Wrobel, N., McCafferty, S., Morrice, K., MacLean, A., Armstrong, R., Boz, C., Coutts, A., Cullum, L., Day, N., Donnelly, L., Duncan, E., Fawkes, A., Finernan, P., Gilchrist, T., Golightly, A., Hafezi, K., Law, D., Law, R., Law, S., Macgillivray, L., Maclean, A., Mal, H., Mcmaster, E., Meikle, J., Oosthuyzen, W., Paterson, T., Stenhouse, A., Swets, M., Szoor-McElhinney, H., Taneski, F., Wackett, T., Ward, M., Weaver, J., Coyle, J., Gallagher, B., Lidstone-Scott, R., Hamilton, D., Schon, K., Furlong, A., Biggs, H., Griffiths, F., Andrews, E., Brickell, K., Smyth, M., Carson, G., Hardwick, H., Donohue, C., Neale, Benjamin M. [0000-0003-1513-6077], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), AII - Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Neurology, Infectious diseases, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Global Health, APH - Methodology, Graduate School, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Anesthesiology, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Digital Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, Niemi, M. E. K., Liao, R. G., Neale, B. M., Pathak, G. A., Andrews, S. J., Schulte, E. C., Karim, M. A., Wendt, F. R., Kim, H. -N., Uddin, M. J., Smith, G. D., Willer, C. J., Buxbaum, J. D., Martin, A. R., Balaconis, M. K., Sankaran, V. G., Brent Richards, J., Eric Kerchberger, V., Kenneth Baillie, J., Dutta, A. K., Uddin, M. M., Perez-Tur, J., Verdugo, R. A., Zarate, R., Medina-Gomez, C., Gomez-Cabrero, D., Cadilla, C. L., Boua, P. R., Fave, M. -J., Lemacon, A., Szentpeteri, J. L., Ahmad, H. F., Kornilov, S. A., Prokic, I., Pearson, N. M., Shelton, J. F., Shastri, A. J., Weldon, C. H., Brouwer, M. C., Vlaar, A. P. J., Joost Wiersinga, W., Algera, A. G., Bogaard, H. J., Bonta, P. I., Grobusch, M. P., Hermans, S. M., Hovius, J. W., de Jong, M. D., Nossent, E. J., Prins, J. M., Schultz, M. J., Stijnis, C. S., Minnaar, R. P., van Uffelen, K. W. J., Wolterman, R. A., Ball, C. A., Mccurdy, S., Hong, E. L., Baltzell, A. H., Goffard, J. -C., Peree, H., Leonard, P., Giot, J. -B., Sauvage, A. -S., Wery, M., Morrison, D. R., Chasse, M., Kaufmann, D. E., Mark Lathrop, G., Davis, L. K., Cox, N. J., Below, J. E., Sealock, J. M., Faucon, A. B., Shuey, M. M., Polikowsky, H. G., Petty, L. E., Shaw, D. M., Chen, H. -H., Ludwig, K. U., Schroder, J., Nothen, M. M., Jensen, B. -E. O., Altmuller, J., Berger, M. M., Gogele, M., Gignoux, C. R., Wicks, S. J., Barnes, K. C., Goldstein, D. B., Reilly, M. P., Gharavi, A. G., O'Byrne, S. M., So, Y. S., Park, S. -K., Kim, H. -L., Kang, C. K., Lee, H. -J., Song, K. -H., Yoon, K. J., Paik, N. -J., Joo, E. -J., Park, W. B., Park, J. S., Park, K. U., Ham, S. Y., Kim, E. S., Kim, H. B., Caceres, M., Lenz, T. L., Julia, A., Holter, J. C., Fernandez, J., Sander, L. E., Banales, J. M., Romero-Gomez, M., Hov, J. R., Karlsen, T. H., Wacker, E. M., Elabd, H., Ruhlemann, M. C., Vadla, M. S., Lenning, O. B., Ozer, O., Kassens, J., Figuera Basso, M. E., Ortiz, A. B., Chercoles, A. G., Holten, A. R., Kildal, A. B., Gluck, A., Nolla, A. C., Dyrhol-Riise, A. M., Spinner, C. D., Hoff, D. A. L., Jimenez, D., Pestana, D., Helbig, E. T., Paraboschi, E. M., Sanchez, F. G., Hernandez, I., Galvan-Femenia, I., Badia, J. R., Muller, K. E., Gaede, K. I., Lippert, L. J., Tellez, L., Gutierrez-Stampa, M. A., Vehreschild, M. J. G. T., Marquie, M., Seilmaier, M. J., Rodriguez-Gandia, M., Ayo, N. I., Martinez, N., Cornely, O. A., Rodrigues, P. M., Espana, P. P., Garcia-Fernandez, A. -E., Fracanzani, A. L., Muniz-Diaz, E., Calderon, E. J., Solligard, E., Medrano, F. J., Muller, F., Afset, J. E., Damas, J. K., Ferrusquia-Acosta, J., Quero, J. H., Guerrero, J. M., Bettini, L. R., Gustad, L. T., Valsecchi, M. G., D'Angio, M., Gallego-Duran, R., Cejudo, T. G., Grimsrud, M. M., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Moore, K. H. S., Alarcon-Riquelme, M. E., Martinez-Bueno, M., Rello, S. R., Lall, K., Bochud, P. -Y., Nussle, S. G., Meyer zu Bentrup, F., Merlet Viollet, R., Guery, B., Hugli, O., Gonseth Nussle, S., Estoppey Younes, S., Rochat Negro, T., Mercader, J. M., Castano-Vinyals, G., Dobano, C., Mondelli, M. U., Mazzei, M. A., Caldarelli, G. P., Monforte, A. D., Scotton, P. G., Monica, M. D., Mandala, M., Coviello, D. A., La Rovere, M. T., Segala, F. V., Mencarelli, M. A., Pinto, A. M., Carriero, M. L., Ann Belli, M., Antoni, M. D., Miraglia, F. G., Parisi, S. G., Squeo, G. M., Botta, G., Hunt, K. A., Trembath, R. C., Martin, H. C., Griffiths, C. J., Curtis, C. J., Huang, Q. Q., Lee, S. H., Macarthur, D., Maclaughlin, B., Smith, A. V., Boughton, A. P., Li, K. W., Lefaive, J., Jannes, C. E., Krieger, J. E., Pereira, A. C., Lima, I. R., Tada, M. T., Mccarthy, M., Lee, J. E., Lee, H. S., Jang, H. Y., Kim, Y. -S., Kwon, K. T., Kim, S. -W., Kim, J. Y., Jang, Y. R., Kim, H., Lee, J. Y., Choe, K. -W., Kang, Y. M., Jee, S. H., Jung, K. J., Schroth, G. P., Desouza, F., Cirulli, E. T., Schiabor Barrett, K. M., Washington, N. L., Lu, J. T., Ramirez, J. M., Grzymski, J. J., Minano, J. I. E., Aguirre, L. A., Lopez-Collazo, E., Lozano-Rodriguez, R., Avendano-Ortiz, J., Arcos, V. T., Montalban-Hernandez, K. M., Quiroga, J. V., Martin-Quiros, A., Nakada, T. -A., Vonk, J. M., Ori, A. P. S., Hernandez Cordero, A. I., Sin, D. D., Bosse, Y., Feng, Y. -C. A., Weiss, S. T., Karlson, E. W., Smoller, J. W., Murphy, S. N., Meigs, J. B., Woolley, A. E., Green, R. C., Perez, E. F., Zollner, S., Sloofman, L. G., Sebra, R. P., Collins, B. L., Sealfon, S. C., Jordan, D. M., Thompson, R. C., Belbin, G. M., Underwood, S. J., Hiester, L. L., Charney, A. W., Beckmann, N. D., Schadt, E. E., Abul-Husn, N. S., Cho, J. H., Kenny, E. E., Loos, R. J. F., Nadkarni, G. N., Huckins, L. M., Ferreira, M. A. R., Abecasis, G. R., Leader, J. B., Cantor, M. N., Justice, A. E., Carey, D. J., Josyula, N. S., Kosmicki, J. A., Horowitz, J. E., Gass, M. C., Hottenga, J. J., de Geus, E. J. C., Nivard, M. G., Ritchie, M. D., Verma, S. S., Vari, M. S., Rahier, J. -F., Bulik, C. M., Landen, M., Ferrero, G. B., Fundin, B., Ismail, S. I., Badji, R. M., Hultstrom, M., Geschwind, D. H., Butte, M. J., Chang, T. S., Caulfield, M. J., Scott, R. H., Odhams, C. A., Karczewski, K. J., Wilson, D. J., Spencer, C. A., Crook, D. W., Wyllie, D. H., O'Connell, A. M., Atkinson, E. G., Walters, R. K., Palmer, D. S., Goldstein, J. I., Kyle Satterstrom, F., Earle, S. G., Lin, S. -K., Rudkin, J. K., Zhao, J. H., Butterworth, A. S., Sun, Y. V., Huffman, J. E., O'Donnell, C. J., Michael Gaziano, J., Ho, Y. -L., Glessner, J. R., Mcguigan, P. J., Moore, L. S. P., Vizcaychipi, M. P., Page, V. J., Aldera, E. L., Cutino-Moguel, M. -T., Durand, I., Hawcutt, D. B., Macmahon, M., Macnaughton, E., Mccullough, K., Mcewen, R., O'Shea, M. K., Pooni, J. S., Wooton, D. G., Bretherick, A. D., Fourman, M. H., Meynert, A. M., Ponting, C. P., Porteous, D. J., Russell, C. D., Wilson, J. F., Drake, T. M., Fairfield, C. J., Knight, S. R., Mclean, K. A., Shaw, C. A., Ho, A. Y. W., Horby, P. W., Mcauley, D., Openshaw, P. J. M., Semple, M. G., Mcgowan, J., Mcguinness, H., Mcneela, F., Bayo, L. -A., Arias, S. S., Conyngham, J. -A., Corral, M. A., de Almeida Martins, L. G., Mclaughlan, D., Mcmorrow, L., Mccormick, J., Mitchell, A. M., Maccallum, N., Hughes, R. A., Jones, T. O., Mcphail, M., Mckenley, I., Sutherland, S. -B., de Gordoa, L. O. -R., Gude, E. T., Macgoey, P., Mckenna, E., Patel, B. V., Zborowski, A. C., Garcia, S. M., Howe, G. S., Heron, A. E., Mills, G. H., Brown, C. W., Akhtar, M. N., Delgado, C. C., Saluzzio, R. P., Da Gloria, E. F., Hurt, W. J., Wood, H. -L., Mcalindon, M., Mccurdy, A., Ali, I. A. M., Ally, S. M., Hamilton, D. O., Lopez Martinez, M., Waite, A. A. C., Welters, I. D., Rosa, A. D., Baikady, R. R., Tatham, K. C., Beith, C. M., Mcgregor, A., Mcivor, S., Allison, K. S., Jones, G. A. L., Mchugh, T., Peters, M. J., Tomas, A. L., Mckechnie, S., Mccormack, L., Michael, H. T., Durrans, L. J., Suarez, J. C., Death, Y., Mccormick, W., Mccreath, G., Rai, S. G., Mcculloch, C., Mcfarland, D., Barclay, W. S., Cooke, G. S., Docherty, A. B., Green, C. A., Harrison, E. M., Hiscox, J. A., Lim, W. S., Mentzer, A. J., Paxton, W. A., Robertson, D. L., Scott, J. T., Tedder, R. S., Thomson, E. C., Thwaites, R. S., Gupta, R. K., Swann, O. V., Dumas, M. -E., Griffin, J. L., Lewis, M. R., dos Santos Correia, G., Sands, C. J., Mcdonald, S. E., Ahmed, K. A., Armstrong, J. A., Asiimwe, I. G., Barlow, S. L., Catterall, B. W. A., Clark, J. J., Clarke, E. A., Fisher, L. W. S., Jensen, R. L., Jones, C. B., Jones, T. R., Kiy, R. T., Livoti, L. A., Mcdonald, S., Mcevoy, L., Mclauchlan, J., Miah, N. S., Moore, S. C., Murphy, E. G., Matthew Ridley, P., Shaw, V. E., Shears, R. K., Subramaniam, K. S., Eunice Zhang, J., Carracedo, A. D., Mccafferty, S., Turtle, L. C. W., Data Science Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Doctoral Programme in Population Health, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and University of Zurich
Subjects: Male, 45/43, Autoimmunity, Autoimmunity/genetics, Body Mass Index, COVID-19/genetics, COVID-19/virology, Critical Illness, Female, Genetic Loci/genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Geographic Mapping, Hospitalization, Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics, Humans, Inflammation/complications, Information Dissemination, Multifactorial Inheritance, Racial Groups/genetics, SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity, Smoking, environmental risk factors, Q1, 631/208, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Genetics, Genome-wide association studies, SARS-CoV-2, Viral infection, GWAS, Aetiology, Lung, QC, 0303 health sciences, HERITABILITY, 3. Good health, covid-19, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Identification (biology), Infection, Human, 631/208/205/2138, Settore BIO/11 - Biologia Molecolare, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Clinical Research, Biodefense, Genetics, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Medisinske Fag: 700::Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710::Medisinsk genetikk: 714 [VDP], METAANALYSIS, 1000 Multidisciplinary, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Science & Technology, Prevention, Racial Groups, Pneumonia, genetic architecture, Human genetics, Genetic Loci, genetic factors, 570 Life sciences, biology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Medizin, Infektionsmedicin, Genome-wide association studies, Settore BIO/12 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE CLINICA, Pandemic, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, pandemi, Multidisciplinary, article, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Racial Group, 10124 Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Host-Pathogen Interaction, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Critical Illne, COVID-19, GWAS, genetic factors, environmental risk factors, therapy, Infectious Medicine, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, General Science & Technology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Computational biology, Biology, Vaccine Related, 692/699/255/2514, Environmental risk, Mendelian randomization, COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, QH426, 631/326/596/4130, 030304 developmental biology, Inflammation, therapy, SARS-CoV-2, Human Genome, COVID-19, Genetic architecture, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Viral infection, 3111 Biomedicine
Abstract: Niemi, Mari E. K. et al. 39 páginas, figuras y tablas. Contiene material suplementario., The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3-7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.
Published: 2021

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