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9,816 results on '"Martin, Peter"'

5. Diagnostics from polarization of scattered optical light from Galactic infrared cirrus

Author

Bowes, Shannon K. and Martin, Peter G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We propose polarization of scattered optical light from intermediate Galactic latitude infrared cirrus as a new diagnostic to constrain models of interstellar dust and the anisotropic interstellar radiation field (aISRF). For single scattering by a sphere, with Mie scattering phase functions for intensity and polarized intensity for a dust model at a given wavelength (Sloan $r$ and $g$ bands), and with models of anisotropic illumination from the entire sky (represented in HEALPix), we develop the formalism for calculating useful summary parameters for an integrated flux nebula (IFN): average of the phase function weighted by the illumination, polarization angle ($\psi$), and polarization fraction ($p$). To demonstrate the diagnostic discrimination of polarization from scattered light, we report on the effects of different anisotropic illumination models and different dust models on the summary parameters for the Spider IFN. The summary parameters are also sensitive to the IFN location, as we illustrate using FRaNKIE illumination models. For assessing the viability of dust and aISRF models, we find that observations of $\psi$ and $p$ of scattered light are indeed powerful new diagnostics to complement joint modeling of the intensity of scattered light (related to the average phase function) and the intensity of thermal dust emission. However, optically thin IFNs that can be modelled using single scattering are faint and $p$ is not large, as it could be with Rayleigh scattering, and so these observations need to be carried out with care and precision. Results for the Draco nebula compared to the Spider illustrate the challenge., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures; Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023

7. Quantum gravity, the cosmological constant, and parity transformation

Author

Bishop, Michael, Martin, Peter, and Singleton, Douglas

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

One of the leading issues in quantum field theory and cosmology is the mismatch between the observed and calculated values for the cosmological constant in Einstein's field equations of up to 120 orders of magnitude. In this paper, we discuss new methods to potentially bridge this chasm using the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). We find that if quantum gravity GUP models are the solution to this puzzle, then it may require the gravitationally modified position operator undergo a parity transformation at high energies., Comment: 10 pages, revtex-4, 0 figures, published in PLB

Published
2023
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8. Minimal Lengths in 3D via the Generalized Uncertainty Principle

Author

Bishop, Michael, Contreras, Joey, Martin, Peter, Nicolini, Piero, and Singleton, Douglas

Subjects
Quantum Physics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We investigate an extension of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) in three dimensions by modifying the three dimensional position and momentum operators in a manner that remains coordinate-independent and retains as much of the standard position-momentum commutators as possible. Moreover, we bound the physical momentum which leads to an effective minimal length in every coordinate direction. The physical consequences of these modified operators are explored in two scenarios: (i) when a spherically-symmetric wave function is `compressed' into the smallest possible volume; (ii) when the momentum is directed in a single direction. In case (ii), we find that the three dimensional GUP exhibits interesting phenomena that do not occur in one dimension: the minimal distance in the direction parallel to a particle's momentum is different from the minimal distance in the orthogonal directions., Comment: 16 pages, no figures revtex4

Published
2023

9. ESCRT-dependent control of craniofacial morphogenesis with concomitant perturbation of NOTCH signaling

Author

Hermosilla Aguayo, Viviana, Martin, Peter, Tian, Nuo, Zheng, James, Aho, Robert, Losa, Marta, and Selleri, Licia

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Genetics, Pediatric, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Animals, Humans, Mice, Protein Transport, Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport, Carrier Proteins, Signal Transduction, Morphogenesis, Endosomes, ESCRT, Mouse, Craniofacial, Lower jaw, NOTCH signaling, Vps25, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Craniofacial development is orchestrated by transcription factor-driven regulatory networks, epigenetic modifications, and signaling pathways. Signaling molecules and their receptors rely on endo-lysosomal trafficking to prevent accumulation on the plasma membrane. ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery is recruited to endosomal membranes enabling degradation of such endosomal cargoes. Studies in vitro and in invertebrate models established the requirements of the ESCRT machinery in membrane remodeling, endosomal trafficking, and lysosomal degradation of activated membrane receptors. However, investigations during vertebrate development have been scarce. By ENU-induced mutagenesis, we isolated a mouse line, Vps25ENU/ENU, carrying a hypomorphic allele of the ESCRT-II component Vps25, with craniofacial anomalies resembling features of human congenital syndromes. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of Vps25 and additional ESCRT-encoding genes during murine development. We show that these genes are ubiquitously expressed although enriched in discrete domains of the craniofacial complex, heart, and limbs. ESCRT-encoding genes, including Vps25, are expressed in both cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme and epithelium. Unlike constitutive ESCRT mutants, Vps25ENU/ENU embryos display late lethality. They exhibit hypoplastic lower jaw, stunted snout, dysmorphic ear pinnae, and secondary palate clefting. Thus, we provide the first evidence for critical roles of ESCRT-II in craniofacial morphogenesis and report perturbation of NOTCH signaling in craniofacial domains of Vps25ENU/ENU embryos. Given the known roles of NOTCH signaling in the developing cranium, and notably the lower jaw, we propose that the NOTCH pathway partly mediates the craniofacial defects of Vps25ENU/ENU mouse embryos.

Published
2023

10. The rise of New Guinea and the fall of Neogene global temperatures.

Author

Martin, Peter, Macdonald, Francis, McQuarrie, Nadine, Flowers, Rebecca, and Maffre, Pierre

Subjects
Miocene, New Guinea, ophiolites, silicate weathering, thermochronology
Abstract

The ~2,000-km-long Central Range of New Guinea is a hotspot of modern carbon sequestration due to the chemical weathering of igneous rocks with steep topography in the warm wet tropics. These high mountains formed in a collision between the Australian plate and ophiolite-bearing volcanic arc terranes, but poor resolution of the uplift and exhumation history has precluded assessments of the impact on global climate change. Here, we develop a palinspastic reconstruction of the Central Range orogen with existing surface geological constraints and seismic data to generate time-temperature paths and estimate volumes of eroded material. New (U-Th)/He thermochronology data reveal rapid uplift and regional denudation between 10 and 6 Mya. Erosion fluxes from the palinspastic reconstruction, calibrated for time with the thermochronological data, were used as input to a coupled global climate and weathering model. This model estimates 0.6 to 1.2 °C of cooling associated with the Late Miocene rise of New Guinea due to increased silicate weathering alone, and this CO2 sink continues to the present. Our data and modeling experiments support the hypothesis that tropical arc-continent collision and the rise of New Guinea contributed to Neogene cooling due to increased silicate weathering.

Published
2023

11. A Recipe for Unbiased Background Modeling in Deep Wide-Field Astronomical Images

Author

Liu, Qing, Abraham, Roberto G., Martin, Peter G., Bowman, William P., van Dokkum, Pieter, Janssens, Steven R., Chen, Seery, Keim, Michael A., Lokhorst, Deborah, Pasha, Imad, Shen, Zili, and Zhang, Jielai

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Unbiased sky background modeling is crucial for the analysis of deep wide-field images, but it remains a major challenge in low surface brightness astronomy. Traditional image processing algorithms are often designed to produce artificially flat backgrounds, erasing astrophysically meaningful structures. In this paper, we present three ideas that can be combined to produce wide-field astronomical data that preserve accurate representations of the background sky: (1) Use of all-sky infrared/sub-mm data to remove the large-scale time-varying components while leaving the scattered light from Galactic cirrus intact, with the assumptions of (a) the underlying background has little power on small scales, and (b) the Galactic cirrus in the field is optically thin on large scales; (2) Censoring of frames contaminated by anomalously prominent wings in the wide-angle point-spread function; and (3) Incorporation of spatial covariance in image stacking that controls the local background consistency. We demonstrate these methods using example datasets obtained with the Dragonfly Telephoto Array, but these general techniques are prospective to be applied to improve sky models in data obtained from other wide-field imaging surveys, including those from the upcoming Vera Rubin Telescope., Comment: 28 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023
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12. Mapping the multiphase structure of H I in the Low-Latitude Intermediate-Velocity Arch 1

Author

Vujeva, Luka, Marchal, Antoine, Martin, Peter G., and Taank, Mukesh

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We have analyzed the thermal and turbulent properties of the Low-Latitude Intermediate-Velocity Arch 1 (LLIV1). This was accomplished using archival H I emission and absorption data from two 21,cm line surveys: GHIGLS at $9.^\prime$4 resolution and DHIGLS at $1^\prime$ resolution. The spectral decomposition code $\tt{ROHSA}$ was used to model the column density of different thermal phases and also to analyze an absorption measurement against the radio source 4C~+66.09. From the latter we found spin temperature $T_{\mathrm{s}} \sim 75$K, cold gas mass fraction $f\sim0.5$, and turbulent sonic Mach number $M_t\sim3.4$. Similar to the absorption line modeling against 4C~+66.09, our best emission line decomposition model has no unstable gas across the whole field of view, suggesting that the thermal condensation and phase transition are not on-going but rather have reached an equilibrium state. The cold phase of LLIV1 appears as a collection of elongated filaments that forms a closed structure within the field decomposed. These substructures follow the orientation of the overall large scale cloud, along the diagonal of the GHIGLS field from north-west to south-east (in Galactic coordinates). The angular power spectrum of the cold phase is slightly shallower than that of the warm phase, quantifying that the cold phases have relatively more structure on small scales. Our spatially resolved map of the cold gas mass fraction in LLIV1 from DHIGLS reveals significant variations spanning the possible range of $f$, with mean and standard deviation 0.33 and 0.19, respectively., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures

Published
2023
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13. Joint Modelling of Dust Scattering and Thermal Emission: The Spider Complex

Author

Zhang, Jielai, Martin, Peter G, Cloutier, Ryan, Price-Jones, Natalie, Abraham, Roberto, van Dokkum, Pieter, and Merritt, Allison

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations across the electromagnetic spectrum of radiative processes involving interstellar dust -- emission, extinction, and scattering -- are used to constrain the parameters of dust models and more directly to aid in foreground removal of dust for extragalactic and cosmology observations. The more complementary observations, the better. Here, we quantify the relationship between scattered light and thermal emission from dust in a diffuse (cirrus) intermediate latitude cloud, Spider, using data from the Dragonfly Telephoto Array and the Herschel Space Observatory. A challenge for optical observations of faint cirrus is accurate removal of a contaminating spatially varying sky background. We present a technique to analyse two images of the same cirrus field concurrently, correlating pixel values to capture the relationship and simultaneously fitting the sky background as a complex non-correlating additive component. For the Spider, we measure a $g-r$ color of 0.644$\pm 0.024$ and a visible wavelength to 250 $\mu$m intensity ratio of $10^{-3} \times (0.855 \pm0.025)$ and $10^{-3} \times (1.55\pm0.08)$ for $g$ and $r$-band respectively. We show how to use any dust model that matches the thermal dust emission to predict an upper limit to the amount of scattered light. The actual brightness of the cirrus will be fainter than this limit because of anisotropic scattering by the dust combined with anisotropy of the incident interstellar radiation field (ISRF). Using models of dust and the ISRF in the literature we illustrate that the predicted brightness is indeed lower, though not as faint as the observations indicate., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2023
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14. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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15. Development of warpage simulation for rotationally moulded parts and the analysis of process parameters

Author

Seregar, Jitendra, Martin, Peter J., Menary, Gary, McCourt, Mark, and Kearns, Mark

Subjects
Polymer industry -- Thermal properties -- Comparative analysis, Polymers -- Comparative analysis -- Thermal properties, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

There are multiple factors that contribute to the warpage problems where molten part is distorted during solidification in rotational molding. A novel warpage simulation model is developed accounting for the effect of various process parameters like crystallinity change, temperature-dependent polymer properties, and cooling rate. The polymer material properties were readily not available; they were constructed from literature data with adaptation to the process condition and their significance on simulation results is discussed in detail. A systematic detailed simulation analysis of warpage in box part was done and results were compared with experimental values published in literature. The warpage magnitude under seven different cooling methods are presented. It was found that externally water cooled parts exhibited maximum warpage which is also corroborated by literature data while the parts cooled by water on either sides of the part show reduction in warpage. The warpage simulation results show an agreement with deviation ranging from 1.2% to 69% with experimental values. Highlights * A novel thermal expansion coefficient approach was adopted for the first time to develop warpage simulation of rotationally moulded parts. * Inclusion of temperature-dependent thermo-mechanical properties of polymer in the simulation model. * The cooling rate is directly proportional to the warpage in the parts. * Validating warpage simulation results for seven different cooling methods with experimental measurements. * Maximum warpage is seen where the highest temperature difference exists between part and mould. KEYWORDS process parameters, rotational molding, shrinkage, simulation, warpage, 1 | INTRODUCTION Control and prediction of warpage problem in rotational molding (1) of polymer parts is long overdue. All thermoplastic processing methods inevitably include heating the polymer to the [...]

Published
2024
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16. Trial protocol for the Building Resilience through Socio-Emotional Training (ReSET) programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial of a new transdiagnostic preventative intervention for adolescents

Author

Viding, Essi, Lloyd, Alex, Law, Roslyn, Martin, Peter, Lucas, Laura, Wu, Tom Chin-Han, Steinbeis, Nikolaus, Midgley, Nick, Veenstra, René, Smith, Jaime, Ly, Lili, Bird, Geoffrey, Murphy, Jennifer, Plans, David, Munafo, Marcus, Penton-Voak, Ian, Deighton, Jessica, Richards, Kathleen, Richards, Mya, and Fearon, Pasco

Published
2024
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20. Cognition, function, and prevalent dementia in centenarians and near‐centenarians: An individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis of 18 studies

Author

Leung, Yvonne, Barzilai, Nir, Batko‐Szwaczka, Agnieszka, Beker, Nina, Boerner, Kathrin, Brayne, Carol, Brodaty, Henry, Cheung, Karen Siu‐Lan, Corrada, María M, Crawford, John D, Galbussera, Alessia A, Gondo, Yasuyuki, Holstege, Henne, Hulsman, Marc, Ishioka, Yoshiko Lily, Jopp, Daniela, Kawas, Claudia H, Kaye, Jeff, Kochan, Nicole A, Lau, Bobo Hi‐Po, Lipnicki, Darren M, Lo, Jessica W, Lucca, Ugo, Makkar, Steve R, Marcon, Gabriella, Martin, Peter, Meguro, Kenichi, Milman, Sofiya, Poon, Leonard W, Recchia, Angela, Ribeiro, Oscar, Riva, Emma, Rott, Christoph, Sikkes, Sietske AM, Skoog, Ingmar, Stephan, Blossom, Szewieczek, Jan, Teixeira, Laetitia, Tettamanti, Mauro, Wilczyński, Krzysztof, and Sachdev, Perminder

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Dementia, Prevention, Brain Disorders, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegenerative, Aging, Neurological, Quality Education, Male, Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Female, Centenarians, Cognition, Body Mass Index, Educational Status, centenarians, dementia, education, exceptional longevity, prevalence, risk factors, Geriatrics, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

IntroductionThere are limited data on prevalence of dementia in centenarians and near-centenarians (C/NC), its determinants, and whether the risk of dementia continues to rise beyond 100.MethodsParticipant-level data were obtained from 18 community-based studies (N = 4427) in 11 countries that included individuals ≥95 years. A harmonization protocol was applied to cognitive and functional impairments, and a meta-analysis was performed.ResultsThe mean age was 98.3 years (SD = 2.67); 79% were women. After adjusting for age, sex, and education, dementia prevalence was 53.2% in women and 45.5% in men, with risk continuing to increase with age. Education (OR 0.95;0.92-0.98) was protective, as was hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.51;0.35-0.74) in five studies. Dementia was not associated with diabetes, vision and hearing impairments, smoking, and body mass index (BMI).DiscussionAmong the exceptional old, dementia prevalence remains higher in the older participants. Education was protective against dementia, but other factors for dementia-free survival in C/NC remain to be understood.

Published
2023

21. On the origin of the North Celestial Pole Loop

Author

Marchal, Antoine and Martin, Peter

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The North Celestial Pole Loop (NCPL) provides a unique laboratory for studying the early stage precursors of star formation. Uncovering its origin is key to understanding the dynamical mechanisms that control the evolution of its contents. In this study, we explore the 3D geometry and the dynamics of the NCPL using high-resolution dust extinction data and H I data, respectively. We find that material toward Polaris and Ursa Major is distributed along a plane similarly oriented to the Radcliffe wave. The Spider projected in between appears disconnected in 3D, a discontinuity in the loop shape. We find that the elongated cavity that forms the inner part of the NCPL is a protrusion of the Local Bubble (LB) likely filled with warm (possibly hot) gas that passes through and goes beyond the location of the dense clouds. An idealized model of the cavity as a prolate spheroid oriented toward the observer, reminiscent of the cylindrical model proposed by Meyerdierks et al. (1991), encompasses the protrusion and fits into arcs of warm H I gas expanding laterally to it. As first argued by Meyerdierks et al. (1991), the non-spherical geometry of the cavity and the lack of OB stars interior to it disfavor an origin caused by a single point-like source of energy or multiple supernovae. Rather, the formation of the protrusion could be related to the propagation of warm gas from the LB into a pre-existing non-uniform medium in the lower halo, the topology of which was likely shaped by past star formation activity along the Local Arm., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2022
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22. Evaluation of MMV Pandemic Response Box compounds to identify potent compounds against clinically relevant bacterial and fungal clinical isolates in vitro

Author

Seshan Sivasankar, Appalaraju Boppe, Martin Peter Grobusch, and Sankarganesh Jeyaraj

Subjects
MMV compounds, Bacterial and fungal MDR clinical isolates, Epetraborole, Eravacycline, Oteseconazole, Alexidine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Background: Multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens are resistant to a number of significant front-line drugs, hence, identification of new inhibitory agents to combat them is crucial. In this study, we aim to evaluate the activity of Pandemic Box compounds from Malaria Medicines Venture (MMV) against A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa bacterial, C. auris, C. albicans and A. niger fungal clinical isolates. Methods: Isolates were initially screened with 201 antibacterial and 46 antifungal compounds (10 μM) using a microbroth dilution in triplicates to determine MIC. A persister assay was performed for bacterial pathogens. Results: Out of 201 antibacterial compounds, twenty-nine and seven compounds inhibited the growth of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa at 10 μM, respectively. MMV1580854, MMV1579788, eravacycline and epetraborole inhibited both the bacterial test isolates. In a persister assay, MMV1634390 showed complete bactericidal effect against A. baumannii. With antifungal activity compounds, C. auris responded to15 compounds, Six compounds inhibited C. albicans and one was effective against A. niger at 10 μM. The ratio of Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC): Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of MMV1782110 was 2 against C. auris. Eberconazole, amorolfine and luliconazole are fungicidal targeting C. albicans at a MFC: MIC ratio of 2. Conclusion: Five compounds from MMV Pandemic Box were found to be inhibiting colistin and ceftazidime resistant A. baumannii clinical isolate, also against colistin and β-lactam resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolate. MMV1634390 showed complete bactericidal effect against A. baumannii in a persister assay. MMV1782110, Eberconazole, amorolfine and luliconazole exhibited potent anti-fungal activity. Further investigations are warranted to identify the targets and mechanism.

Published
2024
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23. Surveillance of global, travel-related illness using a novel app: a multivariable, cross-sectional study

Author

Martin Peter Grobusch, Frank Mockenhaupt, Hiroshi Nishiura, Patricia Schlagenhauf, Effy Vayena, Philippe Gautret, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Thibault Lovey, Nadja Hedrich, Julian Bernhard, Ulf Blanke, Gilles Eperon, Albie de Frey, Esther Kuenzli, Andreas Lindner, Corneliu Popescu, Jenny L Schnyder, Hanna K de Jong, Mohammed Dauda, Salim Parker, and Carsten Schade Larsen

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Introduction Current traveller health surveillance is ‘top-down’. Mobile-based surveillance could capture infection symptoms in real time. We aimed to evaluate the spectrum of illness in travellers using a mobile app-based system.Methods This study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04672577) used an application called Infection Tracking in Travellers (ITIT) that records travel-related illness symptoms with associated geolocation and weather data. The free ITIT app is available in 14 languages. Participants were recruited globally from April 2022 to July 2023. Participants >18 years of age travelled internationally and provided electronic consent. Incentives included the provision of travel health information imported from the WHO website. Symptoms were recorded with daily pop-up questionnaires and symptom severity was assessed using a Likert scale. Two post-travel questionnaires were administered. Logistic mixed models examined factors relating to symptom presence, and a random forest model examined symptom impact.Results 609 participants were recruited until July 2023. Participants had an average age of 37 years (18–79), and an average travel duration of 26 days (2–281). Most participants were travelling for leisure/tourism (401; 66%), followed by ‘visiting friends and relatives’ (99; 16%) and business travel (80; 13%). All continents were visited by at least one traveller. Of 470 registered trips, symptoms were reported on 163 trips (35%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported on 87 trips (19%) and respiratory symptoms on 81 trips (17%). The most important factors in predicting the presence of symptoms were duration of travel, travelling in winter and high humidity. Diarrhoea, headache and nausea were symptoms with most impact on daily activities. Post-travel questionnaires showed that 12% of surveyed participants experienced symptoms with several episodes of self-treatment. Two diagnoses were recorded: Lyme disease and amoebic dysentery.Conclusion The digital tool ITIT successfully captures the spectrum of travel-related illness. This detailed epidemiology is crucial for outbreak detection and for the formulation of travel medicine guidelines.Trial registration number NCT04672577.

Published
2024
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24. Mapping the Thermal Condensation of Diffuse H I in the North Celestial Pole Loop

Author

Taank, Mukesh, Marchal, Antoine, Martin, Peter G., and Vujeva, Luka

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The North Celestial Pole Loop (NCPL) provides a unique laboratory for studying the early stages of star formation, in particular the condensation of the neutral interstellar medium (ISM). Understanding the physical properties that control the evolution of its contents is key to uncovering the origin of the NCPL. Archival data from the NCPL region of the GHIGLS 21 cm line survey (9'4) are used to map its multiphase content with ${\tt ROHSA}$, a Gaussian decomposition tool that includes spatial regularization. Column density and mass fraction maps of each phase were extracted along with their uncertainties. Archival data from the DHIGLS 21 cm (1') survey are used to further probe the multiphase content of the NCPL. We have identified four spatially (and dynamically) coherent components in the NCPL, one of which is a remarkably well-defined arch moving at about $14\ {\rm km s^{-1}}$ away from us that could be a relic of the large-scale organized dynamical process at the origin of the phase transition. The cold and lukewarm phases together dominate the mass content of the neutral gas along the loop. Using absorption measurements, we find that the cold phase exhibits slightly supersonic turbulence., Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures

Published
2022
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25. Comments on the cosmological constant in generalized uncertainty models

Author

Bishop, Michael, Contreras, Joey, Martin, Peter, and Singleton, Douglas

Subjects
Physics - General Physics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The existence of a small, non-zero cosmological constant is one of the major puzzles in fundamental physics. Naively, quantum field theory arguments would imply a cosmological constant which is up to 10$^{120}$ times larger than the observed one. It is believed a comprehensive theory of quantum gravity would resolve this enormous mismatch between theory and observation. In this work, we study the ability of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) models, which are phenomenologically motivated models of quantum gravity, to address the cosmological constant problem. In particular, we focus on how these GUP models may change the phase space of QFT, and how this affects the momentum space integration of the zero-point energies of normal modes of fields. We point out several issues that make it unlikely that GUP models, in their current form, would be able to adequately address the cosmological constant problem., Comment: 10 pages, revtex, no figures. Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Science. This article is part of the Research Topic "Generalized Uncertainty Relations: Existing Paradigms and New Approaches" edited by Dr. Matthew Lake

Published
2022
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26. Quadratic Integral Penalty Methods for Numerical Trajectory Optimization

Author

Neuenhofen, Martin Peter

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

This thesis presents new mathematical algorithms for the numerical solution of a mathematical problem class called \emph{dynamic optimization problems}. These are mathematical optimization problems, i.e., problems in which numbers are sought that minimize an expression subject to obeying equality and inequality constraints. Dynamic optimization problems are distinct from non-dynamic problems in that the sought numbers may vary over one independent variable. This independent variable can be thought of as, e.g., time. This thesis presents three methods, with emphasis on algorithms, convergence analysis, and computational demonstrations. The first method is a direct transcription method that is based on an integral quadratic penalty term. The purpose of this method is to avoid numerical artifacts such as ringing or erroneous/spurious solutions that may arise in direct collocation methods. The second method is a modified augmented Lagrangian method that leverages ideas from augmented Lagrangian methods for the solution of optimization problems with large quadratic penalty terms, such as they arise from the prior direct transcription method. Lastly, we present a direct transcription method with integral quadratic penalties and integral logarithmic barriers. All methods are motivated with applications and examples, analyzed with complete proofs for their convergence, and practically verified with numerical experiments., Comment: PhD Thesis

Published
2022

29. Effect of dietary tall oil fatty acids and hydrolysed yeast in SNP2-positive and SNP2-negative piglets challenged with F4 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Author

Anouschka Middelkoop, Hannele Kettunen, Xiaonan Guan, Juhani Vuorenmaa, Ramon Tichelaar, Michela Gambino, Martin Peter Rydal, and Francesc Molist

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Reduction of post-weaning diarrhoea caused by ETEC is a principal objective in pig farming in terms of welfare benefits. This study determined the effects of genetic susceptibility and dietary strategies targeting inflammation and fimbriae adherence on F4-ETEC shedding and diarrhoea in weaned piglets in an experimental challenge model. A DNA marker test targeting single nucleotide polymorphism 2 (SNP2) identified piglets as heterozygous (SNP2+, susceptible) or homozygous (SNP2-, resistant) to developing F4ac-ETEC diarrhoea. A total of 50 piglets, 25 SNP2+ and 25 SNP2-, were weaned at 30 days of age and equally distributed to different treatments (n = 10): Positive control (PC): piglets fed with a negative control diet and provided with colistin via drinking water; Negative control (NC): piglets fed with a negative control diet; Tall oil fatty acids (TOFA): piglets fed with a negative control diet + 1.0 g TOFA/kg feed; Yeast hydrolysate (YH): piglets fed with a negative control diet + 1.5 g YH/kg feed derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and Combination (COM): piglets fed with a negative control diet + 1.0 g TOFA and 1.5 g YH/kg feed. On day 10 post-weaning, all piglets were infected with F4-ETEC by oral administration. Piglets fed with PC, TOFA, YH or COM had a lower faecal shedding of F4-ETEC than NC piglets (P

Published
2024
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33. Double-hit separation and dE/dx resolution of a time projection chamber with GEM readout

Author

Aoki, Yumi, Attié, David, Behnke, Ties, Bellerive, Alain, Bezshyyko, Oleg, Sankar, Deb Bhattacharya, Bhattacharya, Purba, Bhattacharya, Sudeb, Chang, Yue, Colas, Paul, De Lentdecker, Gilles, Dehmelt, Klaus, Desch, Klaus, Diener, Ralf, Dixit, Madhu, Einhaus, Ulrich, Fedorchuk, Oleksiy, Fleck, Ivor, Fujii, Keisuke, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Ganjour, Serguei, Gros, Philippe, Hayman, Peter, Ikematsu, Katsumasa, Jönsson, Leif, Kaminski, Jochen, Kato, Yukihiro, Kleinwort, Claus, Martin, Peter Kluit, Kobayashi, Makoto, Krämer, Uwe, Lundberg, Björn, Lupberger, Michael, Majumdar, Nayana, Malek, Paul, Matsuda, Takeshi, Mjoernmark, Ulf, Mukhopadhyay, Supratik, Müller, Felix, Münnich, Astrid, Nakajima, Jurina, Narita, Shinya, Negishi, Kentaro, Ogawa, Tomohisa, Oskarsson, Anders, Österman, Lennart, Peterson, Daniel, Qi, Huirong, Riallot, Marc, Rosemann, Christoph, Roth, Stefan, Schade, Peter, Schaefer, Oliver, Settles, Ronald Dean, Shirazi, Amir Noori, Shoji, Aiko, Smirnova, Oxana, Sugiyama, Akira, Takahashi, Tohru, Timmermans, Jan, Titov, Maksym, Tsionou, Dimitra, Vauth, Annika, Watanabe, Takashi, Werthenbach, Ulrich, Wu, Mengqing, Yang, Yifan, Yonamine, Ryo, Yuan, Zhiyang, Yumino, Keita, and Zhang, Fan

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A time projection chamber (TPC) with micropattern gaseous detector (MPGD) readout is investigated as main tracking device of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC). A prototype TPC equipped with a triple gas electron multiplier (GEM) readout has been built and operated in an electron test beam. The TPC was placed in a 1 T solenoidal field at the DESY II Test Beam Facility, which provides an electron beam up to 6 GeV/c. The performance of the readout modules, in particular the spatial point resolution, is determined and compared to earlier tests. New studies are presented with first results on the separation of close-by tracks and the capability of the system to measure the specific energy loss dE/dx. This is complemented by a simulation study on the optimization of the readout granularity to improve particle identification by dE/dx., Comment: 29 pages, 30 figures, 6 tables. This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Instrumentation. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/P11027

Published
2022
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36. Randomized study of induction with bendamustine-rituximab ± bortezomib and maintenance with rituximab ± lenalidomide for MCL

Author

Smith, Mitchell R., Jegede, Opeyemi A., Martin, Peter, Till, Brian G., Parekh, Samir S., Yang, David T., Hsi, Eric D., Witzig, Thomas, Dave, Sandeep, Scott, David, Hanson, Curtis, Kostakoglu Shields, Lale, Abdel-Samad, Nizar, Casulo, Carla, Bartlett, Nancy L., Caimi, Paolo F., Al Baghdadi, Tareq, Blum, Kristie A., Romer, Mark D., Inwards, David J., Lerner, Rachel E., Wagner, Lynne I., Little, Richard F., Friedberg, Jonathan W., Leonard, John P., and Kahl, Brad S.

Published
2024
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41. Defining primary refractory large B-cell lymphoma

Author

Bock, Allison M., Mwangi, Raphael, Wang, Yucai, Khurana, Arushi, Maurer, Matthew J., Ayers, Amy, Kahl, Brad S., Martin, Peter, Cohen, Jonathon B., Casulo, Carla, Lossos, Izidore S., Farooq, Umar, Ayyappan, Sabarish, Reicks, Tanner, Habermann, Thomas M., Witzig, Thomas E., Flowers, Christopher R., Cerhan, James R., Nastoupil, Loretta J., and Nowakowski, Grzegorz S.

Published
2024
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44. Species identification and drug susceptibility testing of non-tuberculous mycobacteria by Line Probe Assay in Lambaréné, Gabon—a cross-sectional study

Author

Micheska Epola Dibamba Ndanga, Jabar Babatundé Pacome Achimi Agbo Abdul, Jean Ronald Edoa, Guy Arnault Rogue Mfoumbi Ibinda, Bayodé Romeo Adegbite, Rhett Chester Mevyann, Christopher Mebiame Biyogho, Jocelyn Mahoumbou, Stredice Manguinga, Nina Mbenga Roguet, Bertrand Lell, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Abraham Sunday Alabi, Martin Peter Grobusch, and Ayola Akim Adegnika

Subjects
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Genotypic drug susceptibility testing, Genotypic NTM-DR, Macrolides, Aminoglycosides, Gabon, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of bacteria that cause rare lung infections and are increasingly recognized as causative agents of opportunistic and device-associated infections in humans. In Gabon, there is a lack of data on NTM species identification and drug susceptibility. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of NTM species and their genotypic susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics for NTM infections in Gabon. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the CERMEL TB laboratory from January 2020 to December 2022, NTM subspecies identification and drug susceptibility testing to macrolides and aminoglycosides were performed using the genotype NTM-DR kit. Results The study found that out of 524 culture-positive specimens, 146 (28%) were NTM, with the predominant group being Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC). All MAC isolates were fully susceptible to macrolides and aminoglycosides, while five MABC isolates carried mutations indicative of reduced susceptibility to macrolide and aminoglycoside drugs. Conclusions These findings suggest that clinicians may use macrolides and aminoglycosides to manage NTM infections caused by MAC, but further investigation is required to determine MABC drug susceptibility.

Published
2023
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45. A Method To Characterize the Wide-Angle Point Spread Function of Astronomical Images

Author

Liu, Qing, Abraham, Roberto, Gilhuly, Colleen, van Dokkum, Pieter, Martin, Peter G., Li, Jiaxuan, Greco, Johnny P., Lokhorst, Deborah, Chen, Seery, Danieli, Shany, Keim, Michael A., Merritt, Allison, Miller, Tim B., Pasha, Imad, Polzin, Ava, Shen, Zili, and Zhang, Jielai

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Uncertainty in the wide-angle Point Spread Function (PSF) at large angles (tens of arcseconds and beyond) is one of the dominant sources of error in a number of important quantities in observational astronomy. Examples include the stellar mass and shape of galactic halos and the maximum extent of starlight in the disks of nearby galaxies. However, modeling the wide-angle PSF has long been a challenge in astronomical imaging. In this paper, we present a self-consistent method to model the wide-angle PSF in images. Scattered light from multiple bright stars is fitted simultaneously with a background model to characterize the extended wing of the PSF using a Bayesian framework operating on pixel-by-pixel level. The method is demonstrated using our software elderflower and is applied to data from the Dragonfly Telephoto Array to model its PSF out to 20-25 arcminutes. We compare the wide-angle PSF of Dragonfly to that of a number of other telescopes, including the SDSS PSF, and show that on scales of arcminutes the scattered light in the Dragonfly PSF is markedly lower than that of other wide-field imaging telescopes. The energy in the wings of the Dragonfly point-spread function is sufficiently low that optical cleanliness plays an important role in defining the PSF. This component of the PSF can be modelled accurately, highlighting the power of our self-contained approach., Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2021
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47. Are massive dense clumps truly sub-virial? A new analysis using Gould Belt ammonia data

Author

Singh, Ayushi, Matzner, Christopher D., Friesen, Rachel K., Martin, Peter G., Pineda, Jaime E., Rosolowsky, Erik W., Alves, Felipe, Chacón-Tanarro, Ana, Chen, Hope How-Huan, Chen, Michael Chun-Yuan, Choudhury, Spandan, Di Francesco, James, Keown, Jared, Kirk, Helen, Punanova, Anna, Seo, Youngmin, Shirley, Yancy, Ginsburg, Adam, Offner, Stella S. R., Arce, Héctor G., Caselli, Paola, Goodman, Alyssa A., Myers, Philip C., and Redaelli, Elena

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Dynamical studies of dense structures within molecular clouds often conclude that the most massive clumps contain too little kinetic energy for virial equilibrium, unless they are magnetized to an unexpected degree. This raises questions about how such a state might arise, and how it might persist long enough to represent the population of massive clumps. In an effort to re-examine the origins of this conclusion, we use ammonia line data from the Green Bank Ammonia Survey and Planck-calibrated dust emission data from Herschel to estimate the masses and kinetic and gravitational energies for dense clumps in the Gould Belt clouds. We show that several types of systematic error can enhance the appearance of low kinetic-to-gravitational energy ratios: insufficient removal of foreground and background material; ignoring the kinetic energy associated with velocity differences across a resolved cloud; and over-correcting for stratification when evaluating the gravitational energy. Using an analysis designed to avoid these errors, we find that the most massive Gould Belt clumps harbor virial motions, rather than sub-virial ones. As a byproduct, we present a catalog of masses, energies, and virial energy ratios for 85 Gould Belt clumps., Comment: Submitted to ApJ

Published
2021
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49. Integrative analysis of clinicopathological features defines novel prognostic models for mantle cell lymphoma in the immunochemotherapy era: a report from The North American Mantle Cell Lymphoma Consortium

Author

Vose, Julie M., Fu, Kai, Wang, Lu, Mansoor, Adnan, Stewart, Douglas, Cheng, Hongxia, Smith, Lynette, Yuan, Ji, Qureishi, Hina Naushad, Link, Brian K., Cessna, Melissa H., Barr, Paul M., Kahl, Brad S., Mckinney, Matthew S., Khan, Nadia, Advani, Ranjana H., Martin, Peter, Goy, Andre H., Phillips, Tycel J., Mehta, Amitkumar, Kamdar, Manali, Crump, Michael, Pro, Barbara, Flowers, Christopher R., Jacobson, Caron A., Smith, Sonali M., Stephens, Deborah M., Bachanova, Veronika, Jin, Zhaohui, Wu, Shishou, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Francisco, Torka, Pallawi, Anampa-Guzmán, Andrea, Kashef, Farshid, Li, Xing, Sharma, Sunandini, Greiner, Timothy C., Armitage, James O., Lunning, Matthew, Weisenburger, Dennis D., Bociek, Robert G., Iqbal, Javeed, Yu, Guohua, and Bi, Chengfeng

Published
2023
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50. Species identification and drug susceptibility testing of non-tuberculous mycobacteria by Line Probe Assay in Lambaréné, Gabon—a cross-sectional study

Author

Ndanga, Micheska Epola Dibamba, Abdul, Jabar Babatundé Pacome Achimi Agbo, Edoa, Jean Ronald, Ibinda, Guy Arnault Rogue Mfoumbi, Adegbite, Bayodé Romeo, Mevyann, Rhett Chester, Biyogho, Christopher Mebiame, Mahoumbou, Jocelyn, Manguinga, Stredice, Roguet, Nina Mbenga, Lell, Bertrand, Kremsner, Peter Gottfried, Alabi, Abraham Sunday, Grobusch, Martin Peter, and Adegnika, Ayola Akim

Published
2023
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