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International audience; Within-species genetic diversity is crucial for the persistence and integrity of populations and ecosystems. Conservation actions require an understanding of factors influencing genetic diversity, especially in the context of global change. Both population size and connectivity are factors greatly influencing genetic diversity; the relative importance of these factors can, however, change through time. Hence, quantifying the degree to which population size or genetic connectivity are shaping genetic diversity, and at which ecological time scale (past or present), is challenging, yet essential for the development of efficient conservation strategies. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity of 42 colonies of Rhinolophus hipposideros, a long-lived mammal vulnerable to global change, sampling locations spanning its continental northern range. Here, we present an integrative approach that disentangles and quantifies the contribution of different connectivity measures in addition to contemporary colony size and historic bottlenecks in shaping genetic diversity. In our study, the best model explained 64% of the variation in genetic diversity. It included historic bottlenecks, contemporary colony size, connectivity and a negative interaction between the latter two. Contemporary connectivity explained most genetic diversity when considering a 65 km radius around the focal colonies, emphasizing the large geographic scale at which the positive impact of connectivity on genetic diversity is most profound and hence, the minimum scale at which conservation should be planned. Our results highlight that the relative importance of the two main factors shaping genetic diversity varies through time, emphasizing the relevance of disentangling them to ensure appropriate conservation strategies.

In Deutschland werden immer mehr Windenergieanlagen (WEA) an Waldstandorten errichtet. Fur fast alle Fledermausarten stellen Walder sensible Lebensraume dar, die sowohl als Quartier- als auch als Jagdgebiete genutzt werden. Neben dem Kollisionsrisiko sind an Waldstandorten auch erhebliche Lebensraumverluste zu erwarten. Um auch an Waldstandorten zu gewahrleisten, dass der Ausbau der Windkraft nicht zu Lasten des Fledermausschutzes geschieht, mussen die Fledermausbestande mit spezifischen Methoden erfasst und muss auftretenden Konflikten mit angepassten Masnahmen begegnet werden.

The speed and dynamics of range expansions shape species distributions and community composition. Despite the critical impact of population growth rates for range expansion, they are neglected in existing empirical studies, which focus on the investigation of selected life-history traits. Here, we present an approach based on non-invasive genetic capture–mark–recapture data for the estimation of adult survival, fecundity and juvenile survival, which determine population growth. We demonstrate the reliability of our method with simulated data, and use it to investigate life-history changes associated with range expansion in 35 colonies of the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros . Comparing the demographic parameters inferred for 19 of those colonies which belong to an expanding population with those inferred for the remaining 16 colonies from a non-expanding population reveals that range expansion is associated with higher net reproduction. Juvenile survival was the main driver of the observed reproduction increase in this long-lived bat species with low per capita annual reproductive output. The higher average growth rate in the expanding population was not associated with a trade-off between increased reproduction and survival, suggesting that the observed increase in reproduction stems from a higher resource acquisition in the expanding population. Environmental conditions in the novel habitat hence seem to have an important influence on range expansion dynamics, and warrant further investigation for the management of range expansion in both native and invasive species.

Since its description in 2001 Alcathoe's myotis (Myotis alcathoe) was recorded from several locations across Europe. Here we describe the first records of this species from Germany, Poland, Albania, and from the European part of Turkey, including the northernmost locality in central Germany (51°23′N, 11°01′E). Compilation of all up-to-date records shows that M. alcathoe has a wide European distribution although it seems to be rare at most places. The habitats where the bat was recorded are natural, moist and deciduous forests with old trees and water streams as can be found, for example, in canyons or forests of alluvial origin. Such habitats suggest that the species probably has a more continuous and wider distribution than currently known and might be expected to occur even further to the North.

An α- und β-Vinylnaphthalin lassen sich nur schwierig primare aromatische Amine und in den gepruften Fallen nicht sekundare aliphatische Amine anlagern. Dagegen gelingt mittels Natrium als Katalysator die Anlagerung an sekundare heterocyclische Amine glatt, wobei durch „Naphthylathylierung” N-[2-(Naphthyl-)athyl]-amine erhalten werden. Die Basen sind in Gestalt ihrer Hydrochloride sehr gut oberflachenanasthetisch wirksam und erreichen in einem Falle die ∽13fache Wirkung des Cocains. Aliphatische und aromatische Merkaptoverbindungen reagieren mit den Vinylnaphthalinen bereits bei einfachem Erhitzen. Isomere N-[1-(Naphthyl-)athyl]-amine werden dargestellt. Auch sie sind oberflachenanasthetisch gut wirksam. Die Piperidinoverbindungen erreichen bereits die ∽3,5–4,5fache Wirkung des Cocains, wobei die β-Verbindung die starkere Wirksamkeit zeigt.