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Introduction Available data on management of atrial flutter in the early postoperative setting after cardiac surgery are scarce. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy (profile) of flutter ablation in the early postoperative phase (30 days after cardiac surgery) in a cohort of 47 consecutive patients. Methods Between 2007 and 2016, 47 patients who underwent ablation for postoperative typical atrial flutter were retrospectively identified and analyzed. Follow-up data were acquired from patients’ records in case of rehospitalization and via follow-up calls. Results The median age of patients was 69 years, 89% male and with a median LV-EF of 55%. CAD was present in 80.8% of patients. The predominant conduction of atrial flutter was 2:1 (76.6%); 85.1% of patients had either undergone CABG, SAVR, or a combination of these two. Acute procedural success could be achieved in 100% of patients with one vascular pseudoaneurysm that was managed conservatively. No other complications occurred. After a median follow-up of 5.7 years, follow-up information regarding heart rhythm was available in 87.2% of patients. One patient (2.1%) had undergone repeat ablation for typical flutter. Two patients (4.2%) had developed atrial fibrillation, while 87.2% of patients were in sinus rhythm. Conclusions In this small cohort, early postoperative ablation of typical flutter was associated with a favorable short- and long-term safety and efficacy profile and can be considered part of heart rhythm management options in this setting.

Aims Long-term mortality after ablation of typical atrial flutter has been found to be increased two-fold in comparison to atrial fibrillation ablations through a period of 5 years with unclear mechanism. Methods and results We analysed 189 consecutive patients who underwent ablation for typical atrial flutter (AFL), in which the incidence of AF was the first manifestation of cardiac disease. According to the clinical standards of our centre, the routine recommendation was to evaluate for coronary artery disease (CAD) by invasive angiogram or computed tomography scan. We compared the AFL patients to 141 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AFIB) without known structural heart disease who underwent ablation in the same period and who had routine coronary angiograms performed. Out of 189 patients who presented with AFL, coronary status was available in 152 patients (80.4%). Both groups were balanced for mean age (64.9 years in AFL vs. 63.2 years in AFIB; P = 0.15), body mass index (BMI; 28.8 vs. 28.5 kg/m2; P = 0.15), CHA2DS2-VASc-Score (2.20 vs. 2.04; P = 0.35), smoking status (22.2% smokers vs. 28.4%; P = 0.23), and renal function (GFR >60 mL/min in 96.7% of all patients vs. 95.7%; P = 0.76). There were significantly lower values for left ventricular ejection fraction (52.5% vs. 59.7%; P 50% was found in 26.3% of all patients with available coronary status in AFL and in 7.0% in AFIB (P 75% in 16.4% in AFL whereas only in 1.4% in AFIB (P 50% in AFL as compared to AFIB [odds ratio (OR 5.26)]. A multivariate analysis was performed in the AFL group. Patients with clinically relevant stenoses (>75%) were older (70.6 years vs. 63.8 years; P = 0.001), had a higher number of risk factors (3.08 vs. 2.24; P ≤ 0.0016) and a higher CHA2DS2-VASc-Score (3.20 vs. 2.00; P Conclusion These data suggest that typical atrial flutter constitutes a manifestation of previously asymptomatic CAD. Due to the inclusion criteria, CAD has to be considered silent and chronic in most of the patients. Therefore, the presence of typical atrial flutter in formerly healthy patients should raise suspicion of otherwise silent CAD and initiate further investigations and risk stratification with particular emphasis on the individual CHA2DS2-VASc-Scores.

AimsAccessory pathway (AP) ablation is a standard procedure for the treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW). Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)-based delta wave analysis is essential for predicting ablation sites. Previous algorithms have shown to be complex, time-consuming, and unprecise. We aimed to retrospectively develop and prospectively validate a new, simple ECG-based algorithm considering the patients’ heart axis allowing for exact localization of APs in patients undergoing ablation for WPW.Methods and resultsOur multicentre study included 211 patients undergoing ablation of a single manifest AP due to WPW between 2013 and 2021. The algorithm was developed retrospectively and validated prospectively by comparing its efficacy to two established ones (Pambrun and Arruda). All patients (32 ± 19 years old, 47% female) underwent successful pathway ablation. Prediction of AP-localization was correct in 197 patients (93%) (sensitivity 92%, specificity 99%, PPV 96%, and NPV 99%). Our algorithm was particularly useful in correctly localizing antero-septal/-lateral (sensitivity and specificity 100%) and posteroseptal (sensitivity 98%, specificity 92%) AP in proximity to the tricuspid valve. The accuracy of EASY-WPW was superior compared to the Pambrun (93% vs. 84%, P = 0.003*) and the Arruda algorithm (94% vs. 75%, P < 0.001*). A subgroup analysis of children (n = 58, 12 ± 4 years old, 55% female) revealed superiority to the Arruda algorithm (P < 0.001*). The reproducibility of our algorithm was excellent (ϰ>0.8; P < 0.001*).ConclusionThe novel EASY-WPW algorithm provides reliable and accurate pre-interventional ablation site determination in WPW patients. Only two steps are necessary to locate left-sided AP, and three steps to determine right-sided AP.

Novel cardiac mapping systems allow a safe and highly accurate 3-D reconstruction of cardiac structures as well as fast and accurate visualization of cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, they are increasingly reducing the need for fluoroscopy in these procedures. The current state of the art, as well as the presentation of possible uses of individual systems and their limitations, is presented in this article. Cardiac mapping systems can significantly contribute to an optimal therapeutic decision making in invasive electrophysiology. This article introduces new developments of Rhythmia, Topera, EnSite Precision, and CARTO systems and provides a look ahead to the future.

Introduction For patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), proper antithrombotic therapy is equivocal. Current guidelines recommend triple therapy, which carries a high risk of bleeding. Recent large trials suggest that dual therapy (DT) with novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) plus P2Y12 inhibitor can be an appropriate alternative, but real-world data for this alternative are scarce and the optimal duration of DT has not yet been established. Methods This analysis was performed in a single-center prospective cohort. We investigated 216 PCI patients with indication for anticoagulation due to AF. After PCI patients received DT with reduced doses NOAC plus P2Y12 inhibitor for 6 months, which was followed by standard dose NOAC monotherapy. Efficacy endpoints were defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), and stroke. Safety endpoints were bleeding events as defined by Bleeding Academic Consortium (BARC). Results Baseline characteristics of our study population were described by a CHA2DS2-VASc score of greater than 4 and a HAS-BLED score of greater than 3. After a mean follow-up of 18.7 months, efficacy events occurred in 12 patients (5.6%). We observed three (1.4%) cardiac deaths, two (0.9%) MIs, six (2.8%) strokes, and one (0.5%) definite ST. After switching from DT to NOAC monotherapy after 6.3 ± 1.7 months, there was no rebound of ischemic events. Bleeding events occurred in 34 patients (15.7%) mainly under DT, while bleeding was less during NOAC monotherapy. Conclusions In this long-term study of high-risk and real-world AF-patients with PCI, DT with NOAC and P2Y12 inhibitor (6 months) followed by NOAC monotherapy was safe and effective.

Novel cardiac mapping systems allow a safe and highly accurate 3-D reconstruction of cardiac structures as well as fast and accurate visualization of cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, they are increasingly reducing the need for fluoroscopy in these procedures. The current state of the art, as well as the presentation of possible uses of individual systems and their limitations, is presented in this article. Cardiac mapping systems can significantly contribute to an optimal therapeutic decision making in invasive electrophysiology. This article introduces new developments of Rhythmia, Topera, EnSite Precision, and CARTO systems and provides a look ahead to the future.

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation has evolved enormously thanks to rapid improvement of modern mapping technologies, progress in catheter development and current possibilities for reduction of radiation exposure. Pulmonary vein isolation is thereby the cornerstone in this interventional treatment. Increased precision of catheter localization by modern three-dimensional mapping systems, faster and better processing of local electrograms and their immediate color-based visualization make it possible to treat even challenging arrhythmias very effectively. The commonly used three-dimensional mapping systems CARTO 3 (Biosense Webster, Irvine, Ca.) and Ensite Precision (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Min) differ in construction and principles of the underlying mapping technology. In this review article, we aim to emphasize the most important aspects of possibilities that make both systems so valuable for interventional treatment of atrial fibrillation. We present a modern workflow, that unites three-dimensional LA mapping with collecting relevant local information, image integration for refining the map and beneficial use of contact force based ablation approach.