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1. Beyond 'Peak Car': A reflection on the evolution of public sentiment about the role of cars in cities

Author

Martin E.H. Lee-Gosselin

Subjects
Car ownership and use, Urban mobility, Public attitudes, ICTs, Transportation and communications, HE1-9990
Abstract

In this volume, Jones has made a persuasive case for considering recently observed reductions in car use (and sometimes car ownership) in a number of major northern cities as part of an evolutionary process, rather than the consequence of transient conditions such as the economic downturn of 2008 and its relatively slow recovery. In an era bringing new service models for mobility and communications that have important implications for safety, security, the environment and well-being, he points to the role of public attitudes and sentiments that may underlie changing policy priorities and an associated culture change with respect to transport in cities and the reclamation of street space. This paper briefly explores the role of public sentiments and reflects on the apparent emergence of a popular subculture that favors living, if possible, without owning or using cars, in contrast to older subcultures embracing more extreme sentiments that are either Car-centered or emphatically anti-car.

Published
2017
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4. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, C., Crowther, T., Zohner, C., Robmann, N., Lauber, T., van den Hoogen, J., Kuebbing, S., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T.T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., Martynenko, O., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stanislaw, M., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Do, T.V., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., Maynard, D., Delavaux, C., Crowther, T., Zohner, C., Robmann, N., Lauber, T., van den Hoogen, J., Kuebbing, S., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T.T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., Martynenko, O., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stanislaw, M., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Do, T.V., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., and Maynard, D.

Abstract

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.

Published
2023
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7. Bodies, Representations, Situations, Practices: Qualitative Research on Affect, Emotion and Feeling

Author

John Cromby and Martin E.H. Willis

Subjects
Warrant, Point (typography), media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Ineffability, 050401 social sciences methods, 050109 social psychology, Affect (psychology), 0504 sociology, Feeling, Enabling, Frame (artificial intelligence), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, General Psychology, media_common, Qualitative research, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

We introduce this special issue of Qualitative Research in Psychology by discussing four themes which, in our view, characterise the collective significance of the papers in this special issue. Even in highlighting these thematic similarities, however, we point to important differences in their manifestation across different papers. In discussing bodies, we highlight an underexplored distinction between the body as ground of experience and the body as the enabler of experience. We also draw attention to three issues relating to (linguistic) representations of feelings, emotions and affect: the problem of ineffability; the role of naming feeling; and how to methodologically and analytically account for differences in the ways that feelings are talked about and named. Regarding situatedness in space and time, we note at least four analytical positions, which frame and reveal different aspects of affective phenomena. Finally, with respect to affective practices we identify two quite different approaches that, whilst sharing some characteristics, are different enough to warrant further specification when researchers deploy this term. Whilst welcoming the apparent trend away from purely language-based methods, we also offer some suggestions for how researchers can move further down this path. Nonetheless qualitative research on feeling, affect and emotion is in fine fettle. As the contributions attest, the time is ripe for this special issue of Qualitative Research in Psychology.

Published
2019
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9. The high-power helicon program at DIII-D: gearing up for first experiments

Author

Van Compernolle, B., primary, Brookman, M.W., additional, Moeller, C.P., additional, Pinsker, R.I., additional, Garofalo, A.M., additional, O’Neill, R., additional, Geng, D., additional, Nagy, A., additional, Squire, J.P., additional, Schultz, K., additional, Pawley, C., additional, Ponce, D., additional, Torrezan, A.C., additional, Lohr, J., additional, Coriton, B., additional, Hinson, E., additional, Kalling, R., additional, Marinoni, A., additional, Martin, E.H., additional, Nguyen, R., additional, Petty, C.C., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Raines, T., additional, Ren, J., additional, Rost, C., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Torreblanca, H., additional, Wang, H.Q., additional, Watkins, J., additional, and Zeller, K., additional

Published
2021
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10. High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forests

Author

Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Sullivan, Martin J P, Platts, P.J., Lewis, Simon L., Marchant, Rob, Imani, G., Hubau, Wannes, Abiem, I., Adhikari, H., Albrecht, T., Altman, J., Amani, Christian, Aneseyee, A.B., Avitabile, Valerio, Banin, L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M, Beeckman, Hans, Kouob Bégné, Serge, Bennett, Amy C., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bräuning, A., Bulonvu, F., Burgess, Neil N.D., Calders, K., Chapman, C., Chapman, H., Comiskey, James, De Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, DeVries, B., Dolezal, J., Droissart, Vincent, Ewango, Corneille, Feyera, S., Gebrekirstos, A., Gereau, Roy R.E., Gilpin, M., Hakizimana, D., Hall, Jefferson S., Hamilton, A., Hardy, Olivier J., Hart, Terese, Heiskanen, J., Hemp, A., Herold, Martin, Hiltner, U., Horak, D., Kamdem, Marie Noël Djuikouo, Kayijamahe, C., Kenfack, David, Kinyanjui, M.J., Klein, J., Lisingo Wa Lisingo, Janvier, Lovett, J., Lung, M., Makana, Jean Rémy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew A.R., Martin, E.H., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morel, A., Mukendi, J.T., Muller, T., Nchu, F., Nyirambangutse, B., Okello, Judith Auma, Peh, Kelvin S H, Pellikka, P., Phillips, Oliver L., Plumptre, Andrew A.J., Qie, L., ROVERO, Francesco, Sainge, M.N., Schmitt, Christine C.B., Sedlacek, O., Ngute, A.S.K., Sheil, Douglas, Sheleme, D., Simegn, T.Y., Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonke, Bonaventure, Soromessa, T., Sunderland, Terry C., Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Taplin, J., Taylor, David, Thomas, S.C., Timberlake, Jonathan J.R., Tuagben, Darlington, Umunay, Peter M., Uzabaho, E., Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Wallin, G., Wheeler, C., Willcock, S., Woods, John T., Zibera, E., Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Sullivan, Martin J P, Platts, P.J., Lewis, Simon L., Marchant, Rob, Imani, G., Hubau, Wannes, Abiem, I., Adhikari, H., Albrecht, T., Altman, J., Amani, Christian, Aneseyee, A.B., Avitabile, Valerio, Banin, L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M, Beeckman, Hans, Kouob Bégné, Serge, Bennett, Amy C., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bräuning, A., Bulonvu, F., Burgess, Neil N.D., Calders, K., Chapman, C., Chapman, H., Comiskey, James, De Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, DeVries, B., Dolezal, J., Droissart, Vincent, Ewango, Corneille, Feyera, S., Gebrekirstos, A., Gereau, Roy R.E., Gilpin, M., Hakizimana, D., Hall, Jefferson S., Hamilton, A., Hardy, Olivier J., Hart, Terese, Heiskanen, J., Hemp, A., Herold, Martin, Hiltner, U., Horak, D., Kamdem, Marie Noël Djuikouo, Kayijamahe, C., Kenfack, David, Kinyanjui, M.J., Klein, J., Lisingo Wa Lisingo, Janvier, Lovett, J., Lung, M., Makana, Jean Rémy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew A.R., Martin, E.H., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morel, A., Mukendi, J.T., Muller, T., Nchu, F., Nyirambangutse, B., Okello, Judith Auma, Peh, Kelvin S H, Pellikka, P., Phillips, Oliver L., Plumptre, Andrew A.J., Qie, L., ROVERO, Francesco, Sainge, M.N., Schmitt, Christine C.B., Sedlacek, O., Ngute, A.S.K., Sheil, Douglas, Sheleme, D., Simegn, T.Y., Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonke, Bonaventure, Soromessa, T., Sunderland, Terry C., Svoboda, Miroslav, Taedoumg, Hermann, Taplin, J., Taylor, David, Thomas, S.C., Timberlake, Jonathan J.R., Tuagben, Darlington, Umunay, Peter M., Uzabaho, E., Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Wallin, G., Wheeler, C., Willcock, S., Woods, John T., and Zibera, E.

Abstract

Tropical forests store 40–50 per cent of terrestrial vegetation carbon1. However, spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests2. Owing to climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation3, AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane forests compared with lowland forests2. Here we assemble and analyse a dataset of structurally intact old-growth forests (AfriMont) spanning 44 montane sites in 12 African countries. We find that montane sites in the AfriMont plot network have a mean AGC stock of 149.4 megagrams of carbon per hectare (95% confidence interval 137.1–164.2), which is comparable to lowland forests in the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network4 and about 70 per cent and 32 per cent higher than averages from plot networks in montane2,5,6 and lowland7 forests in the Neotropics, respectively. Notably, our results are two-thirds higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default values for these forests in Africa8. We find that the low stem density and high abundance of large trees of African lowland forests4 is mirrored in the montane forests sampled. This carbon store is endangered: we estimate that 0.8 million hectares of old-growth African montane forest have been lost since 2000. We provide country-specific montane forest AGC stock estimates modelled from our plot network to help to guide forest conservation and reforestation interventions. Our findings highlight the need for conserving these biodiverse9,10 and carbon-rich ecosystems. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

18. Affect—or feeling (after Leys)

Author

John Cromby and Martin E.H. Willis

Subjects
Affect theory, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, 06 humanities and the arts, 060202 literary studies, Affect (psychology), The arts, Epistemology, History and Philosophy of Science, Feeling, Intentionality, 0602 languages and literature, Cognitivism (psychology), Realm, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociology, General Psychology, media_common
Abstract

In recent years, the “affective turn” has permeated the arts, humanities, social sciences, and psychology, but like any influential academic movement, has not escaped critique. We outline and agree in general terms with a critique by Leys which emphasises the influence of the basic emotion paradigm; the dualisms that accompany its deployment; and concerns regarding intentionality and meaning. We then propose an alternate approach to affect and feeling, derived from the philosophies of Whitehead and Langer; demonstrate how this avoids the endorsement of cognitivism to which Leys, critique succumbs; illustrate the strengths of this approach with respect to analyses of former U.S. President Reagan; and highlight two strengths of affect theory which are compatible with it. We conclude that our approach closes the intentionality gap that Leys identifies whilst retaining a fruitful emphasis upon the affective realm.

Published
2016
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22. A critical narrative analysis of shared decision-making in acute inpatient mental health care

Author

Bob Diamond, Martin E.H. Willis, Alastair Morgan, John Dumenya, Beverley Johnson, Philip Houghton, Gemma Stacey, Theo Stickley, and Anne Felton

Subjects
Attitude of Health Personnel, Interprofessional Relations, Mental Disorders, Applied psychology, Identity (social science), Context (language use), General Medicine, Focus Groups, Affect (psychology), Focus group, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, Narrative inquiry, 03 medical and health sciences, Interpersonal relationship, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Patient-Centered Care, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cooperative Behavior, Patient Participation, Patient participation, Psychology
Abstract

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a high priority in healthcare policy and is complementary to the recovery philosophy in mental health care. This agenda has been operationalised within the Values-Based Practice (VBP) framework, which offers a theoretical and practical model to promote democratic interprofessional approaches to decision-making. However, these are limited by a lack of recognition of the implications of power implicit within the mental health system. This study considers issues of power within the context of decision-making and examines to what extent decisions about patients' care on acute in-patient wards are perceived to be shared. Focus groups were conducted with 46 mental health professionals, service users, and carers. The data were analysed using the framework of critical narrative analysis (CNA). The findings of the study suggested each group constructed different identity positions, which placed them as inside or outside of the decision-making process. This reflected their view of themselves as best placed to influence a decision on behalf of the service user. In conclusion, the discourse of VBP and SDM needs to take account of how differentials of power and the positioning of speakers affect the context in which decisions take place.

Published
2016
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23. Informed, involved and influential: three Is of shared decision making

Author

Ada Hui, Martin E.H. Willis, Gemma Stacey, J Shutt, Anne Felton, Theo Stickley, Philip Houghton, Bob Diamond, and Alastair Morgan

Subjects
Power (social and political), Sliding scale, Psychiatry and Mental health, Knowledge management, business.industry, Process (engineering), Context (language use), Service user, Pshychiatric Mental Health, business, Psychology, Social psychology, Mental health
Abstract

Collaboration between service users and mental health professionals is at the heart of values-based practice and shared decision making. However, there has been limited analysis of the implications of these approaches to processes that can involve depriving service users of their freedom. This article proposes a framework in which it is acknowledged that all participants must be informed, involved and influential in the decision-making process. The article notes, however, that these aims are on a sliding scale of influence that depends on context, capacity and desire to influence.

Published
2015
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24. How young adults in London experience the Clubhouse Model of mental health recovery: a thematic analysis

Author

Martin E.H. Willis and Jane Pardi

Subjects
young adults, Rehabilitation, Social work, medicine.medical_treatment, coproduction, Applied psychology, Citizen journalism, Positive perception, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Thematic analysis, psychosocial rehabilitation, clubhouse model, Psychology, mental health, Qualitative research
Abstract

Clubhouses are recovery orientated, participatory communities in which people with mental health diagnoses can take part in the running of the clubhouse. The objective of this research was to produce the first qualitative study of its kind, examining how the clubhouse model of mental health recovery is perceived and experienced by young adults aged 16-25. Five participants provided lengthy and detailed semi-structured interviews regarding their experiences as members of a clubhouse in London. Analysis produced themes including mixed age services as a distinct benefit, the benefits of getting involved in the work of the clubhouse, the mostly positive perception of the clubhouse compared with other mental health services, and the sense of personal change and social improvement experienced on becoming members of the clubhouse. While further research is needed, it was concluded that the clubhouse model was beneficial to all its young members, for reasons including its entirely collaborative and consultative process between staff and members, its humanitarian approach, its lack of rigid or inflexible time limits, and its reciprocal relationships, where members are expected to both provide and receive support.

Published
2018

25. Methodological pluralism in qualitative research: Reflections on a meta–study

Author

Jemima Barnes, Nick Caddick, Nicola J. Clarke, John Cromby, Hilary McDermott, Martin E.H. Willis, and Gareth Wiltshire

Abstract

A short report is provided of a meta–study of methodological pluralism in qualitative research; that is, of the use of two or more qualitative methods to analyse the same data set. Ten eligible papers were identified and assessed. Their contents are described with respect to theory, methods and findings, and their possible implications discussed in relation to a series of wider debates in qualitative research more generally.

Published
2014
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26. Nudging into subjectification: Governmentality and psychometrics

Author

John Cromby and Martin E.H. Willis

Subjects
Subjectivity, Subjectification, media_common.quotation_subject, Neoliberalism, Public administration, Social order, Coalition government, Austerity, Political Science and International Relations, Sociology, Welfare, media_common, Law and economics, Governmentality
Abstract

The current age of ‘austerity’ is associated with neoliberal ideology. Neoliberalism can be understood as a form of governmentality – a way of reconfiguring selves and the social order in accord with the demands of market economies. A recent UK policy initiative by the Coalition government’s Behavioural Insights Team required benefit claimants to submit to online psychometric testing. We examine this policy in some detail, arguing that this use of psychometric testing is flawed, unethical, and unlikely to help claimants to find work. Our analysis of the test procedure and its results suggests that the policy functions primarily as a means whereby benefit claimants can be ‘nudged’ towards acceptance of the precepts of neoliberal subjectivities.

Published
2013
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27. IShTAR: a test-stand for ICRF antenna sheath studies

Author

Crombé, Kristel, Kostić, Ana, D'Inca, R., Faudot, E., Heuraux, S., Jacquot, J., Louche, F., Martin, E.H., Nikiforov, Anton, Noterdaeme, Jean-Marie, Ochoukov, R., Usoltceva, Mariia, and Van Eester, D.

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy
Published
2017

28. Analytical Pluralism in Qualitative Research: A Meta-Study

Author

Nicola Clarke, Jemima S. Barnes, Gareth Wiltshire, Martin E.H. Willis, John Cromby, Hilary McDermott, and Nick Caddick

Subjects
Commensurability (philosophy of science), Sociology, Multiple methods, General Psychology, Qualitative research, Epistemology
Abstract

Recent interest in analytical pluralism—the application of more than one qualitative analytical method to a single data set—has demonstrated its potential to produce multiple, complex, and varied understandings of phenomena. However, tensions remain regarding the commensurability of findings produced from diverse theoretical frameworks, the practical application of multiple methods of analysis, and the capacity of pluralism to contribute to knowledge in psychology. This study addresses these issues through a critical interpretation of existing qualitative studies that utilized analytical pluralism. Using a meta-study design, we examined the use of theory, application of methods, and production of findings in studies that had adopted qualitative analytical pluralism. Following comprehensive database searches, ten articles were included in the analysis. Epistemological and ontological considerations, the influence of decisions made in the practical application of pluralism, and approaches to interpreting findings produced from multiple analyses are discussed, and implications for future research are considered.

Published
2014

31. Measuring Activity and Action Space/Time: Are Our Methods Keeping Pace with Evolving Behaviour Patterns?

Author

Martin E.H. Lee-Gosselin, Mei Po Kwan, and Talia M. McCray

Subjects
Equity (economics), Data collection, Land use, Operations research, business.industry, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, Information technology, 021107 urban & regional planning, 02 engineering and technology, Data science, Travel behavior, Geography, Empirical research, Cyberspace, business, 050703 geography, Pace
Abstract

This paper brings together new insights about how to gather data on spatio-temporal behavior and its underlying decision processes. Several theoretical frameworks for emergent spatio-temporal behavior are briefly reviewed as background to a discussion of leading edge issues, including the links between personal accessibility and gender, health and land use, and the social and equity impacts of new information technologies. The paper focuses on the adequacy of advances in data collection to deal with the complexity of behavior in time and space, including cyberspace. The paper argues that current advances in modelling require multi-method data design that yield descriptions of how people perceive the temporal, spatial and cyberspatial attributes of potential activities. Provided are three examples of such multimethod approaches from recent and ongoing methodological and empirical research in Quebec City and Portland, Oregon.

Published
2005
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39. Nudging into subjectification: Governmentality and psychometrics.

Author

Cromby, John and Willis, Martin E.H.

Subjects
*PSYCHOMETRICS, *TASK performance
Abstract

The current age of ‘austerity’ is associated with neoliberal ideology. Neoliberalism can be understood as a form of governmentality – a way of reconfiguring selves and the social order in accord with the demands of market economies. A recent UK policy initiative by the Coalition government’s Behavioural Insights Team required benefit claimants to submit to online psychometric testing. We examine this policy in some detail, arguing that this use of psychometric testing is flawed, unethical, and unlikely to help claimants to find work. Our analysis of the test procedure and its results suggests that the policy functions primarily as a means whereby benefit claimants can be ‘nudged’ towards acceptance of the precepts of neoliberal subjectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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40. Development of the Michigan disaggregate database on driving exposure

Author

Martin E.H. Lee

Subjects
Engineering, Data collection, Interview, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Control (management), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Human factors and ergonomics, Poison control, Sampling (statistics), Human Factors and Ergonomics, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Occupational safety and health, Transport engineering, Quality (business), Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, business, computer, media_common
Abstract

Recent influences on the design of automobile driving exposure surveys are briefly discussed relative to other areas of travel demand research. The case for the collection of micro data is argued as background to the development of a major driving exposure survey effort, known as the Michigan Driving Experience Survey, which interviewed 7581 drivers statewide during all of 1976. A summary of sampling, interview, data preparation and quality control methodologies is given, with a description of studies so far released and examples of findings. In commenting on Michigan's experience with the methodology, which was implemented at low cost entirely with the sponsoring state agency's own personnel, survey management is identified as the area most critical to success.

Published
1982
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42. Charge transport and carrier mobilities in insulating polymers

Author

Martin, E.H. and Hirsch, J.

Abstract

Results of drift mobility measurements by the recent method of the authors4) on three common organic polymers are given and compared. At 80 °C the hole mobility in practically amorphous polystyrene (5 × 10−5cm−1V−1). It is 5 orders of magnitude greater than in 95% crystalline polyethylene. It is suggested that this is not due to the differences in chemical structure, but that the characteristic chain folding in polyethylene produces strong localisation. The temperature dependence of the hole mobility in polystyrene and of the electron mobility in polyethylene terephthylate is shown to correspond neither to a single process with constant activation energy nor to Mott's relation log μ = const (−1)/T12). The tentative conclusions drawn from the temperature dependence in4) are revised, and it is suggested that chain-hopping and trap-hopping must be considered separately, the first contributing a weak and the second a strong dependence on temperature.

Published
1970
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43. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, J.W.F., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Álvarez Loayza, P., Alvese, L.F., Ashton, P., Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, M.L., Bellingham, P.J., Berg, E. van den, Bernacci, L., Conceição Bispo, P.da, Blanc, Lilian, Bohning-Gaese, K., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Boyle, B., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Hockemba, M.B.-N., Bunyavejchewin, S., Matos, D.C.L., Castillo-Santiago, M., Catharino, E.L.M., Chai, S.L., Chen, Y., Colwell, R.K., Robin, C.L., Clark, C., Clark, D.B., Clark, D.A., Culmsee, H., Damas, K., Dattaraja, H.S., Dauby, G., Davidar, P., DeWalt, S.J., Doucet, J.L., Duque, A., Durigan, G., Eichhorn, K.A.O., Eisenlohr, P.V., Eler, E., Ewango, C.E.N., Farwig, N., Feeley, K.J., Ferreira, L., Field, R., Oliveira Filho, A.T. de, Fletcher, C., Forshed, O., Franco, G., Fredriksson, G., Gillespie, T., Gillet, J.F., Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, D.M., Grogan, J., Gunatilleke, N., Harris, D., Harrison, R., Hector, A., Homeier, J., Imai, N., Itoh, A., Jansen, P.A., Joly, C.A., Jong, B.H.J. de, Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kelly, D.L., Kenfack, D., Kessler, M., Kitayama, K., Kooyman, R., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G.W., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Amaral, I.L.do, Letcher, S.G., Lindsell, J., Lu, X., Mansor, A., Marjokorpi, A., Martin, E.H., Meilby, H., Melo, F.P.L., Metcalfea, D.J., Medjibe, V.P., Metzger, J.P., Millet, J., Mohandass, D., Montero, J.C., Morisson Valeriano, M. de, Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nilus, R., Onrizal, S.O.G., Page, N., Parolin, P., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, E., Permana, A., Piedade, M.T.F., Pitman, N.C.A., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A.D., Poulsen, J., Powers, J., Prasad, R.C., Puyravaud, J.-P., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J., Santos, J.R. dos, Spironello, W.R., Romero Saltos, H., Rovero, F., Rozak, A.H., Ruokolainen, K., Rutishauser, E., Saiter, F., Saner, P., Santos, B.A., Santos, F., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schmitt, C.B., Schongart, J., Schulze, M., Suganuma, M.S., Sheil, Douglas, Silva Pinheiro, E.da, Sist, P., Stevart, T., Sukumar, R., Sun, I.-F., Sunderland, Terry C.H., Suresh, H.S., Suzuki, E., Tabarelli, M., Tang, J., Targhetta, N., Theilade, I., Thomas, D.W., Tchouto, P., Hurtado, J., Valencia, R., Valkenburg, J.L.C.H. van, Van Do, T., Vásquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Adekunle, V., Vieira, S.A., Webb, C.O., Whitfeld, T., Wich, S.A., Williams, J., Wittmann, F., Woll, H., Yang, X., Yao, C.Y.A., Yap, S.L., Yoneda, T., Zahawi, R.A., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Assis, R.L. de, Luize, B.G., Venticinque, E.M., Slik, J.W.F., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Álvarez Loayza, P., Alvese, L.F., Ashton, P., Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, M.L., Bellingham, P.J., Berg, E. van den, Bernacci, L., Conceição Bispo, P.da, Blanc, Lilian, Bohning-Gaese, K., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Boyle, B., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Hockemba, M.B.-N., Bunyavejchewin, S., Matos, D.C.L., Castillo-Santiago, M., Catharino, E.L.M., Chai, S.L., Chen, Y., Colwell, R.K., Robin, C.L., Clark, C., Clark, D.B., Clark, D.A., Culmsee, H., Damas, K., Dattaraja, H.S., Dauby, G., Davidar, P., DeWalt, S.J., Doucet, J.L., Duque, A., Durigan, G., Eichhorn, K.A.O., Eisenlohr, P.V., Eler, E., Ewango, C.E.N., Farwig, N., Feeley, K.J., Ferreira, L., Field, R., Oliveira Filho, A.T. de, Fletcher, C., Forshed, O., Franco, G., Fredriksson, G., Gillespie, T., Gillet, J.F., Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, D.M., Grogan, J., Gunatilleke, N., Harris, D., Harrison, R., Hector, A., Homeier, J., Imai, N., Itoh, A., Jansen, P.A., Joly, C.A., Jong, B.H.J. de, Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kelly, D.L., Kenfack, D., Kessler, M., Kitayama, K., Kooyman, R., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G.W., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Amaral, I.L.do, Letcher, S.G., Lindsell, J., Lu, X., Mansor, A., Marjokorpi, A., Martin, E.H., Meilby, H., Melo, F.P.L., Metcalfea, D.J., Medjibe, V.P., Metzger, J.P., Millet, J., Mohandass, D., Montero, J.C., Morisson Valeriano, M. de, Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nilus, R., Onrizal, S.O.G., Page, N., Parolin, P., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, E., Permana, A., Piedade, M.T.F., Pitman, N.C.A., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A.D., Poulsen, J., Powers, J., Prasad, R.C., Puyravaud, J.-P., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J., Santos, J.R. dos, Spironello, W.R., Romero Saltos, H., Rovero, F., Rozak, A.H., Ruokolainen, K., Rutishauser, E., Saiter, F., Saner, P., Santos, B.A., Santos, F., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schmitt, C.B., Schongart, J., Schulze, M., Suganuma, M.S., Sheil, Douglas, Silva Pinheiro, E.da, Sist, P., Stevart, T., Sukumar, R., Sun, I.-F., Sunderland, Terry C.H., Suresh, H.S., Suzuki, E., Tabarelli, M., Tang, J., Targhetta, N., Theilade, I., Thomas, D.W., Tchouto, P., Hurtado, J., Valencia, R., Valkenburg, J.L.C.H. van, Van Do, T., Vásquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Adekunle, V., Vieira, S.A., Webb, C.O., Whitfeld, T., Wich, S.A., Williams, J., Wittmann, F., Woll, H., Yang, X., Yao, C.Y.A., Yap, S.L., Yoneda, T., Zahawi, R.A., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Assis, R.L. de, Luize, B.G., and Venticinque, E.M.

44. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, J.W.F., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Álvarez Loayza, P., Alvese, L.F., Ashton, P., Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, M.L., Bellingham, P.J., Berg, E. van den, Bernacci, L., Conceição Bispo, P.da, Blanc, Lilian, Bohning-Gaese, K., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Boyle, B., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Hockemba, M.B.-N., Bunyavejchewin, S., Matos, D.C.L., Castillo-Santiago, M., Catharino, E.L.M., Chai, S.L., Chen, Y., Colwell, R.K., Robin, C.L., Clark, C., Clark, D.B., Clark, D.A., Culmsee, H., Damas, K., Dattaraja, H.S., Dauby, G., Davidar, P., DeWalt, S.J., Doucet, J.L., Duque, A., Durigan, G., Eichhorn, K.A.O., Eisenlohr, P.V., Eler, E., Ewango, C.E.N., Farwig, N., Feeley, K.J., Ferreira, L., Field, R., Oliveira Filho, A.T. de, Fletcher, C., Forshed, O., Franco, G., Fredriksson, G., Gillespie, T., Gillet, J.F., Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, D.M., Grogan, J., Gunatilleke, N., Harris, D., Harrison, R., Hector, A., Homeier, J., Imai, N., Itoh, A., Jansen, P.A., Joly, C.A., Jong, B.H.J. de, Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kelly, D.L., Kenfack, D., Kessler, M., Kitayama, K., Kooyman, R., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G.W., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Amaral, I.L.do, Letcher, S.G., Lindsell, J., Lu, X., Mansor, A., Marjokorpi, A., Martin, E.H., Meilby, H., Melo, F.P.L., Metcalfea, D.J., Medjibe, V.P., Metzger, J.P., Millet, J., Mohandass, D., Montero, J.C., Morisson Valeriano, M. de, Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nilus, R., Onrizal, S.O.G., Page, N., Parolin, P., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, E., Permana, A., Piedade, M.T.F., Pitman, N.C.A., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A.D., Poulsen, J., Powers, J., Prasad, R.C., Puyravaud, J.-P., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J., Santos, J.R. dos, Spironello, W.R., Romero Saltos, H., Rovero, F., Rozak, A.H., Ruokolainen, K., Rutishauser, E., Saiter, F., Saner, P., Santos, B.A., Santos, F., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schmitt, C.B., Schongart, J., Schulze, M., Suganuma, M.S., Sheil, Douglas, Silva Pinheiro, E.da, Sist, P., Stevart, T., Sukumar, R., Sun, I.-F., Sunderland, Terry C.H., Suresh, H.S., Suzuki, E., Tabarelli, M., Tang, J., Targhetta, N., Theilade, I., Thomas, D.W., Tchouto, P., Hurtado, J., Valencia, R., Valkenburg, J.L.C.H. van, Van Do, T., Vásquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Adekunle, V., Vieira, S.A., Webb, C.O., Whitfeld, T., Wich, S.A., Williams, J., Wittmann, F., Woll, H., Yang, X., Yao, C.Y.A., Yap, S.L., Yoneda, T., Zahawi, R.A., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Assis, R.L. de, Luize, B.G., Venticinque, E.M., Slik, J.W.F., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Álvarez Loayza, P., Alvese, L.F., Ashton, P., Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, M.L., Bellingham, P.J., Berg, E. van den, Bernacci, L., Conceição Bispo, P.da, Blanc, Lilian, Bohning-Gaese, K., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Boyle, B., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Hockemba, M.B.-N., Bunyavejchewin, S., Matos, D.C.L., Castillo-Santiago, M., Catharino, E.L.M., Chai, S.L., Chen, Y., Colwell, R.K., Robin, C.L., Clark, C., Clark, D.B., Clark, D.A., Culmsee, H., Damas, K., Dattaraja, H.S., Dauby, G., Davidar, P., DeWalt, S.J., Doucet, J.L., Duque, A., Durigan, G., Eichhorn, K.A.O., Eisenlohr, P.V., Eler, E., Ewango, C.E.N., Farwig, N., Feeley, K.J., Ferreira, L., Field, R., Oliveira Filho, A.T. de, Fletcher, C., Forshed, O., Franco, G., Fredriksson, G., Gillespie, T., Gillet, J.F., Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, D.M., Grogan, J., Gunatilleke, N., Harris, D., Harrison, R., Hector, A., Homeier, J., Imai, N., Itoh, A., Jansen, P.A., Joly, C.A., Jong, B.H.J. de, Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kelly, D.L., Kenfack, D., Kessler, M., Kitayama, K., Kooyman, R., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G.W., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Amaral, I.L.do, Letcher, S.G., Lindsell, J., Lu, X., Mansor, A., Marjokorpi, A., Martin, E.H., Meilby, H., Melo, F.P.L., Metcalfea, D.J., Medjibe, V.P., Metzger, J.P., Millet, J., Mohandass, D., Montero, J.C., Morisson Valeriano, M. de, Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nilus, R., Onrizal, S.O.G., Page, N., Parolin, P., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, E., Permana, A., Piedade, M.T.F., Pitman, N.C.A., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A.D., Poulsen, J., Powers, J., Prasad, R.C., Puyravaud, J.-P., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J., Santos, J.R. dos, Spironello, W.R., Romero Saltos, H., Rovero, F., Rozak, A.H., Ruokolainen, K., Rutishauser, E., Saiter, F., Saner, P., Santos, B.A., Santos, F., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schmitt, C.B., Schongart, J., Schulze, M., Suganuma, M.S., Sheil, Douglas, Silva Pinheiro, E.da, Sist, P., Stevart, T., Sukumar, R., Sun, I.-F., Sunderland, Terry C.H., Suresh, H.S., Suzuki, E., Tabarelli, M., Tang, J., Targhetta, N., Theilade, I., Thomas, D.W., Tchouto, P., Hurtado, J., Valencia, R., Valkenburg, J.L.C.H. van, Van Do, T., Vásquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Adekunle, V., Vieira, S.A., Webb, C.O., Whitfeld, T., Wich, S.A., Williams, J., Wittmann, F., Woll, H., Yang, X., Yao, C.Y.A., Yap, S.L., Yoneda, T., Zahawi, R.A., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Assis, R.L. de, Luize, B.G., and Venticinque, E.M.

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