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Introduction: Improved survival rates in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates require smaller instruments and newer techniques to manage atelectasis in neonates on mechanical ventilation. Case presentation: A chronically ventilated 23-week gestational age neonate weighing 465g developed worsening respiratory distress on day of life 17. X-rays showed complete opacification of the left lung. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) was performed with a 2.2 mm bronchoscope through the endotracheal tube (ETT), where an occlusive mucus plug was visualized in the left mainstem bronchus. Due to the lack of suction capability with this bronchoscope and inability to pass a larger one, the bronchoscope was positioned proximal to the mucous plug, the ETT was advanced over the bronchoscope, thereby selectively intubating the left mainstem bronchus, the bronchoscope was removed, an 8Fr suction catheter was inserted, and suction was applied resulting in successfully removal of the mucous plug. Immediate clinical improvement and reaeration of the left lung were noted. Conclusion: This case introduces a novel FFB technique to manage left lung atelectasis in critically ill ELBW neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HClO scavenging capacity of a group of heteroaryl‐nitrones (HA−N) that contain a substituted five‐membered ring (furan or thiophene) in their structure was studied using experimental and quantum computational methods. Experimentally, it was found that four HA−N showed scavenging activity with IC50 values ranging from 26.15 to 61.20 nM, while two HA−N were found to be inactive. To explain the HClO activity of the analyzed HA−N, we proposed and investigated a reaction mechanism based on a nucleophilic attack by the hypochlorous anion (pKa=7.46) on α‐carbon of each HA−N, taking into account the results obtained by calculating the electrostatic potential. For this purpose, we used the B3LYP functional of the density functional theory (DFT) and the basis set 6‐311+G(d,p) included in the Gaussian 09 program. We calculated the rate constants (k), the HOMO and LUMO energies, and several reactivity indices such as the electronic chemical potential (μ), chemical hardness (η), and global electrophilicity (ω) to establish a quantified relationship with the observed activities. The SAR analysis and the correlation between the rate constants and the global electrophilicity with the HClO scavenging activity allow us to explain the experimental activity presented by the six HA−N analyzed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on dermatology, but to date no bibliometric analysis of this field has been identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric indicator analysis of the worldwide scientific production of COVID-19 in dermatology. Materials and Methods: An advanced bibliographic search was performed in the Scopus database to identify articles on COVID-19 and dermatology from 2020 to 2021. The collected information was analysed with SciVal software. Bibliometric data were described through figures and summary tables. Results: A total of 1448 documents were collected and analysed. Torello Lotti was the author with the greatest scientific production; however, Esther Freeman had the greatest impact. Harvard University was the institution with the highest number of published articles. Most papers were published in the first quartiles. The United States and Italy were the leading countries in terms of production. Articles with international collaboration had the highest impact. Conclusion: Articles related to dermatology and COVID-19 are mostly published with American and Italian affiliations. In addition, there has been an increase in the distribution of articles published in the first quartile, which would reflect a growing interest in the community. Publications with international collaboration reported the highest impact, so future authors should take this into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]