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2. Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis: an application to gravitational waves data analysis

Author

Martini, Alessandro, Schmidt, Stefano, Ashton, Gregory, and Del Pozzo, Walter

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

The Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis (MESA) method, developed by Burg, offers a powerful tool for spectral estimation of a time-series. It relies on Jaynes' maximum entropy principle, allowing the spectrum of a stochastic process to be inferred using the coefficients of an autoregressive process AR($p$) of order $p$. A closed-form recursive solution provides estimates for both the autoregressive coefficients and the order $p$ of the process. We provide a ready-to-use implementation of this algorithm in a Python package called \texttt{memspectrum}, characterized through power spectral density (PSD) analysis on synthetic data with known PSD and comparisons of different criteria for stopping the recursion. Additionally, we compare the performance of our implementation with the ubiquitous Welch algorithm, using synthetic data generated from the GW150914 strain spectrum released by the LIGO-Virgo-Kagra collaboration. Our findings indicate that Burg's method provides PSD estimates with systematically lower variance and bias. This is particularly manifest in the case of a small (O($5000$)) number of data points, making Burg's method most suitable to work in this regime. Since this is close to the typical length of analysed gravitational waves data, improving the estimate of the PSD in this regime leads to more reliable posterior profiles for the system under study. We conclude our investigation by utilising MESA, and its particularly easy parametrisation where the only free parameter is the order $p$ of the AR process, to marginalise over the interferometers noise PSD in conjunction with inferring the parameters of GW150914., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures

Published
2021

10. Bulging of the Oval Window in Common Cavity Deformity: A Possible Predictor of Meningitis

Author

Manara, Renzo, Avato, Irene, Uberti, Andrea, Trevisi, Patrizia, Bovo, Roberto, Martini, Alessandro, Brotto, Davide, Berettini, Stefano, Canzi, Pietro, Ciorba, Andrea, Cristofari, Eliana, Cuda, Domenico, Della Volpe, Antonio, Frau, Giuseppe Nicolò, Genovese, Elisabetta, Marsella, Pasquale, Murri, Alessandra, Sorrentino, Flavia, Vincenti, Vincenzo, and Zanetti, Diego

Published
2021
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11. miR-218 promotes dopaminergic differentiation and controls neuron excitability and neurotransmitter release through the regulation of a synaptic-related genes network

Author

Pulcrano, Salvatore, primary, De Gregorio, Roberto, additional, De Sanctis, Claudia, additional, Volpicelli, Floriana, additional, Piscitelli, Rosa Maria, additional, Speranza, Luisa, additional, Perrone-Capano, Carla, additional, di Porzio, Umberto, additional, Caiazzo, Massimiliano, additional, Martini, Alessandro, additional, Giacomet, Cecilia, additional, Medina, Diego, additional, Awatramani, Rajeshwar, additional, Viggiano, Davide, additional, Federici, Mauro, additional, Mercuri, Nicola B., additional, Guatteo, Ezia, additional, and Bellenchi, Gian Carlo, additional

Published
2023
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19. Deep Neck Abscesses in Children: An Italian Retrospective Study

Author

Donà, Daniele, Gastaldi, Andrea, Campagna, Marta, Montagnani, Carlotta, Galli, Luisa, Trapani, Sandra, Pierossi, Nicola, De Luca, Maia, DʼArgenio, Patrizia, Tucci, Filippo Maria, De Vincentiis, Giovanni, Grotto, Paolo, Da Mosto, Maria Cristina, Frigo, Anna Chiara, Volo, Tiziana, Emanuelli, Enzo, Martini, Alessandro, and Da Dalt, Liviana

Published
2021
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21. Congenital Deafness and Deaf-Mutism: A Historical Perspective.

Author

Cozza, Andrea, Di Pasquale Fiasca, Valerio Maria, and Martini, Alessandro

Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of deafness, GENETICS of deafness, COCHLEAR implants, NEWBORN screening, SPEECH therapy, HEARING impaired, AUDIOLOGY, DEAFNESS, SIGN language, HEARING aids, AUDIOMETRY, MUTISM, CONSANGUINITY, PATIENT education, REHABILITATION, EARLY medical intervention, EARLY diagnosis, EPIGENOMICS
Abstract

Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit and one of the most common congenital abnormalities. The estimated prevalence of moderate and severe hearing loss in a normal newborn is 0.1–0.3%, while the prevalence is 2–4% in newborns admitted to the newborn intensive care unit. Therefore, early detection and prompt treatment are of utmost importance in preventing the unwanted sequel of hearing loss on normal language development. The problem of congenital deafness is today addressed on the one hand with hearing screening at birth, on the other with the early (at around 3 months of age) application of hearing aids or, in case of lack of benefit, by the cochlear implant. Molecular genetics, antibody tests for some viruses, and diagnostic imaging have largely contributed to an effective etiological classification. A correct diagnosis and timely fitting of hearing aids or cochlear implants is useful for deaf children. The association between congenital deafness and "mutism", with all the consequences on/the consideration that deaf mutes have had since ancient times, not only from a social point of view but also from a legislative point of view, continued until the end of the nineteenth century, with the development on one side of new methods for the rehabilitation of language and on the other of sign language. But we need to get to the last decades of the last century to have, on the one hand, the diffusion of "universal newborn hearing screening", the discovery of the genetic causes of over half of congenital deafness, and on the other hand the cochlear implants that have allowed thousands of children born deaf the development of normal speech. Below, we will analyze the evolution of the problem between deafness and deaf-mutism over the centuries, with particular attention to the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Genetic Evaluation of Prelingual Hearing Impairment: Recommendations of an European Network for Genetic Hearing Impairment

Author

Jonard, Laurence, primary, Brotto, Davide, additional, Moreno-Pelayo, Miguel A., additional, del Castillo, Ignacio, additional, Kremer, Hannie, additional, Pennings, Ronald, additional, Caria, Helena, additional, Fialho, Graça, additional, Boudewyns, An, additional, Van Camp, Guy, additional, Ołdak, Monika, additional, Oziębło, Dominika, additional, Deggouj, Naïma, additional, De Siati, Romolo Daniele, additional, Gasparini, Paolo, additional, Girotto, Giorgia, additional, Verstreken, Margriet, additional, Dossena, Silvia, additional, Roesch, Sebastian, additional, Battelino, Saba, additional, Trebušak Podkrajšek, Katarina, additional, Warnecke, Athanasia, additional, Lenarz, Thomas, additional, Lesinski-Schiedat, Anke, additional, Mondain, Michel, additional, Roux, Anne-Françoise, additional, Denoyelle, Françoise, additional, Loundon, Natalie, additional, Serey Gaut, Margaux, additional, Trevisi, Patrizia, additional, Rubinato, Elisa, additional, Martini, Alessandro, additional, and Marlin, Sandrine, additional

Published
2023
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33. Characterization of a decellularized rat larynx: comparison between microscopy techniques

Author

Gentilin, Erica, Simoni, Edi, Albertin, Giovanna, Candito, Mariarita, Sandrin, Deborah, Romanato, Filippo, Martini, Alessandro, Nicolai, Piero, and Astolfi, Laura

Subjects
Microscopy, Confocal, Tissue Scaffolds, Tissue Engineering, Hyaline cartilage, General Medicine, Extracellular matrix, Rats, Elastin, Elastic cartilage, Collagen, Glycosaminoglycans, Two-photon microscopy, Larynx, Anatomy, Developmental Biology
Abstract

No effective method has yet been developed to efficiently reconstruct the larynx and restore its function. Decellularization has recently been tested for this purpose with very promising results. The goal of decellularization is to remove cells leaving an intact scaffold made of an extracellular matrix (ECM). Although the use of hematoxylin/eosin and Masson trichrome stains is widely accepted to highlight tissue structure, the methods based on evaluation of collagen and elastin are considered highly variable. The aim of this study was to develop a whole organ decellularization protocol and compare the qualitative and quantitative efficiency of some microscopy techniques for collagen and elastin detection in paraffin-embedded tissues.HE, Masson Trichrome and DAPI staining as well as DNA quantification were used to evaluate decellularization efficiency. Van Gieson stain, Picrosirius Red stain (PRS) and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPM) were carried out for collagen detection and quantitative assessment. Polarized PRS was used to investigate collagen network, and Weigert stain and MPM were used to detect and estimate elastin content.The decellularization process removed the cellular components without affecting glycosaminoglycan, collagen and elastin content. Concerning collagen quantification, Van Gieson stain underestimated collagen content, while PRS, apparently less fading, did not reach reliable results when used as quantitative method. MPM effectively quantified collagen content. Collagen fibers were visualized much better under polarized light microscopy, allowing to underline that decellularization process affects the homogeneity of 3D collagen network. Concerning elastin detection, Weigert stain and MPM produced overlapping results.An efficient protocol to decellularize the whole larynx was developed, allowing the removal of cells without affecting ECM integrity. The results supported the use of non-polarized PRS to highlight collagen, even the thin fibers, second harmonic generation for major fibrillar collagens and polarized PRS for 3D collagen network. Concerning elastin, Weigert stain and MPM showed similar results, thus the use of MPM, rather than that of the Weigert stain, may be suitable to avoid the additional time and costs of a histological staining.

Published
2023

45. Inner Ear

Author

Arnold, Andreas, Arnold, Wolfgang, Bovo, Roberto, Ganzer, Uwe, Hamann, Karl-Friedrich, Iurato, Salvatore, Kiefer, Jan, Lamm, Kerstin, Livi, Walter, Martini, Alessandro, O’Donoghue, Gerard M., Arnold, Wolfgang, editor, Ganzer, Uwe, editor, Anniko, Matti, editor, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Manuel, editor, Bonkowsky, Viktor, editor, Bradley, Patrick J., editor, and Iurato, Salvatore, editor

Published
2010
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50. Domenico Cotugno (1736-1822), Antonio Scarpa (1752-1832), and Alfonso Corti (1822-1876): The Most Important Discoveries of the Inner Ear Made by Young Italian Physicians--Domenico Cotugno.

Author

Colombo, Anna, Di Pasquale Fiasca, Valerio Maria, Cozza, Andrea, and Martini, Alessandro

Subjects
INNER ear, HISTOLOGY, SUBARACHNOID space, RESEARCH personnel, PHYSICIANS
Abstract

The 18th and 19th centuries bequeathed to modern science fundamental discoveries in microscopic anatomy. The most important findings regarding the ear were made by young Italian researchers: Domenico Cotugno, Antonio Scarpa, and Alfonso Corti. Domenico Cotugno was born in Ruvo di Puglia on January 29, 1736, into a modest family. He was only 24 years old when his first great work, De aquaeductibus auris humanae internae anatomica dissertatio, was published in 1760. Cotugno, who worked on fresh ear specimens collected from newborns or fetuses, discovered the existence of 2 aqueducts (Cochlear and vestibular). Thanks to his revolutionary dissection technique, he also detected the constant presence of labyrinthic fluid. He wrote that the aqueducts were filled with liquid and not with air, as was generally held according to the Aristotelian dogma of aer ingenitus, uncontested by scholars such as Falloppio, Eustachi, and Willis. Cotugno also stated that the perilymphatic and subarachnoid spaces communicated at the base of the brain. His theory of resonance and his description of anatomical ear structures laid the foundations of today's comprehension of hearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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