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Pathologic tooth migration related to periodontal disease is a common chief complaint of periodontal patients. This paper describes the treatment of a case of severe periodontal disease and disfiguring pathologic migration of maxillary central incisors, which required a multidisciplinary approach. After conventional periodontal treatment was performed, the anterior diastema was closed using a combination of orthodontic therapy and restorative treatment. A 6-month follow-up examination of this case revealed resolution of the anterior pathologic migration, with gains in clinical attachment levels and a successful esthetic and functional final result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orbital cellulitis happens when the region behind the orbital septum is affected. It consists an urgency because of its potential risks of complications, such as vision loss, cavernous sinus thrombosis, or Lemierre Syndrome. This article reports a case of a subperiosteal and orbital cellulitis, which had a periapical lesion in the left first molar as it´s focus. Because of the urgency of those cases, the surgeon needs to make an early diagnosis and prompt approach., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the superestimulatory and superovulatory responses of cattle treated with corifollitropin-alpha, a long-acting human recombinant FSH (rhFSH). In the first and second experiments, we used Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers previously submitted to follicular wave suppression by active immunization against GnRH. In Experiment 1 (a dose-response study), heifers (n = 20) were randomly allocated into five groups, which received placebo (saline) or a single sc dose of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 or 30.0 μg rhFSH. The heifers were subjected to daily ovarian scan and blood sampling during 11 days. We observed group, time, and group x time effects (P<0.0001) for both average follicle size and circulating FSH concentrations, with a strong correlation (R = 0.82, P<0.0001) between the area under curve (AUC) for both parameters. The peak concentration of FSH 24h after treatment and average follicle size at all timepoints, however, were similar (P>0.05) between groups 22.5 and 30.0 μg. In Experiment 2, heifers (n = 18) were allocated into three groups, which received (0h) either placebo (control), 25 μg rhFSH or 130 mg pFSH (Folltropin). There was no difference (P>0.05) in average follicle size at any moment, as well as in intrafollicular E2 at 120h or in plasma P4 seven days later between groups rhFSH and pFSH. In Experiment 3, cycling Nelore heifers (n = 20) were subjected to a wave synchronization protocol and superovulated (day 0) using a standard pFSH protocol (120 mg split in eight decreasing im doses) or with a single sc injection of 20 μg rhFSH. The number of follicles >7 mm on day 4 did not differ (P=0.4370). Heifers receiving rhFSH had greater average follicle size on day 4 (P=0.0005), ovulation rate (P<0.0001), and number of CL (P=0.0155), as well as a trend towards a greater number of ova (P=0.07) and viable embryos (P=0.0590). In Experiment 4, superovulation was induced with a single sc injection of 25 μg rhFSH in Girolando and Nelore cows and heifers (n = 20). None of the embryo yield endpoints differed between the two breeds (P>0.05). In conclusion, cattle superstimulation and superovulation can be successfully induced with a single dose of a long-acting rhFSH (corifollitropin-alpha)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Regarding intracranial aneurysm treatment, the clip versus coil debate remains inconclusive and lacking studies in Brazil. To examine trends in the management of intracranial aneurysms in Brazil over time, both ruptured and unruptured. A descriptive and exploratory study was conducted based on data of neurovascular procedures for aneurysm treatment using the Brazilian Public Health System database (DATASUS). The variables analyzed were the number of procedures, mortality rates, length of hospital stays, and global costs of hospitalization, from 2010 to 2019. Temporal trend analysis and statistical comparisons were conducted to assess changes over time and differences between the treatment options. The mean annual number of aneurysm treatments with endovascular embolization was 2206.30 (± 309.5), with a non-significant increasing trend (B = 55.66; p = 0.104). Conversely, microsurgical clipping exhibited a significant decreasing trend (B = -69.97; p < 0.001) with a mean of 1133.1 (± 223.12) procedures. The mortality rate associated with clipping procedure was higher in the period, with a mean difference of 5.23 (± 0.39); ([CI95%: 4.36; 6.10]; p < 0.001) and showed an increase trend, while embolization showed a stable trend. The length of in-hospital stay remained stable for clipping but increased for embolization. Costs associated with clipping increased over time, whereas costs for embolization decreased. This study highlights a significant shift in the treatment of aneurysm towards Endovascular Embolization. Despite higher costs, endovascular procedures were associated with lower mortality rates and shorter hospital stays. These findings provide valuable insights into aneurysm treatment patterns and indicators in a middle-income country's Public Health System., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Animals can adjust their diet to maximize energy or nutritional intake. For example, birds often target fruits that match their beak size because those fruits can be consumed more efficiently. We hypothesized that pressure to optimize diet-measured as matching between fruit and beak size-increases under stressful environments, such as those that determine species' range edges. Using fruit-consumption and trait information for 97 frugivorous bird and 831 plant species across six continents, we demonstrate that birds feed more frequently on closely size-matched fruits near their geographic range limits. This pattern was particularly strong for highly frugivorous birds, whereas opportunistic frugivores showed no such tendency. These findings highlight how frugivore interactions might respond to stressful conditions and reveal that trait matching may not predict resource use consistently.

Despite the development of network science, we lack clear heuristics for how far different disturbance types propagate within and across species interaction networks. We discuss the mechanisms of disturbance propagation in ecological networks, and propose that disturbances can be categorized into structural, functional, and transmission types according to their spread and effect on network structure and functioning. We describe the properties of species and their interaction networks and metanetworks that determine the indirect, spatial, and temporal extent of propagation. We argue that the sampling scale of ecological studies may have impeded predictions regarding the rate and extent that a disturbance spreads, and discuss directions to help ecologists to move towards a predictive understanding of the propagation of impacts across interacting communities and ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Spin is characterized as a misinterpretation of results that, whether deliberate or unintentional, culminates in misleading conclusions and steers readers toward an excessively optimistic perspective of the data. The primary objective of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence and nature of spin within the traumatic brain injury (TBI) literature. Additionally, the identification of associated factors is intended to provide guidance for future research practices., Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations were followed. A search of the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted to identify English-language articles published between January 1960 and July 2020. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that exclusively enrolled TBI patients, investigating various interventions, whether surgical or nonsurgical, and that were published in high-impact journals. Spin was defined as 1) a focus on statistically significant results not based on the primary outcome; 2) interpreting statistically nonsignificant results for a superiority analysis of the primary outcome; 3) claiming or emphasizing the beneficial effect of the treatment despite statistically nonsignificant results; 4) conclusion focused in the per-protocol or as-treated analysis instead of the intention-to-treat (ITT) results; 5) incorrect statistical analysis; or 6) republication of a significant secondary analysis without proper acknowledgment of the primary outcome analysis result. Primary outcomes were those explicitly reported as such in the published article. Studies without a clear primary outcome were excluded. The study characteristics were described using traditional descriptive statistics and an exploratory inferential analysis was performed to identify those associated with spin. The studies' risk of bias was evaluated by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool., Results: A total of 150 RCTs were included and 22% (n = 33) had spin, most commonly spin types 1 and 3. The overall risk of bias (p < 0.001), a neurosurgery department member as the first author (p = 0.009), absence of a statistician among authors (p = 0.042), and smaller sample sizes (p = 0.033) were associated with spin., Conclusions: The prevalence of spin in the TBI literature is high, even at leading medical journals. Studies with higher risks of bias are more frequently associated with spin. Critical interpretation of results and authors' conclusions is advisable regardless of the study design and published journal.

Background and Objectives: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are aggressive tumors of the central nervous system that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in surgery and radiation therapy (RT), HGG still has a high incidence of recurrence and treatment failure. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to achieve local tumor control while sparing normal brain tissue from radiation-induced damage., Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the use of IORT for HGG. Eligible studies were included based on specific criteria, and data were independently extracted. Outcomes of interest included complications, IORT failure, survival rates at 12 and 24 months, and mortality., Results: Sixteen studies comprising 436 patients were included. The overall complication rate after IORT was 17%, with significant heterogeneity observed. The IORT failure rate was 77%, while the survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 74% and 24%, respectively. The mortality rate was 62%., Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that IORT may be a promising adjuvant treatment for selected patients with HGG. Despite the high rate of complications and treatment failures, the survival outcomes were comparable or even superior to conventional methods. However, the limitations of the study, such as the lack of a control group and small sample sizes, warrant further investigation through prospective randomized controlled trials to better understand the specific patient populations that may benefit most from IORT. However, the limitations of the study, such as the lack of a control group and small sample sizes, warrant further investigation. Notably, the ongoing RP3 trial (NCT02685605) is currently underway, with the aim of providing a more comprehensive understanding of IORT. Moreover, future research should focus on managing complications associated with IORT to improve its safety and efficacy in treating HGG., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: To assess the impact of early childhood caries (ECC) and its clinical conse- quences on preschool children's sleep, as reported by caregivers. Methods: A representative cross-sectional study was carried out with preschoolers aged four to six years in Brazil. Caregivers responded to the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale and a specific question from this questionnaire was used to determine sleep-related quality of life: "Has your child had trouble sleeping because of dental problems or dental treatments?" Additionally, a self-administered questionnaire with socioeconomic questions was used. Clinical examinations were performed by two calibrated dentists to diagnose dental caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System -epi) and its clinical consequences (pulpal involvement, tissue ulceration, fistula and abscesses [pufa] index). Adjusted and unadjusted Poisson regression was used for data analysis ( P <0.05). Results: The sample consisted of 533 preschoolers, with 259 girls (51.4 percent) (n=259). The mean age of preschoolers was 4.78±0.6 (standard deviation) years. One-third (n=176) exhibited extensive carious lesions, and 14.1 percent (n=75) had clinical consequences of ECC. Conclusion: Children with clinical consequences of ECC were approximately 3.04 times more likely to have difficulty sleeping than children without them (95 percent confidence interval=1.75 to 5.25). The clinical consequences of ECC were significantly associated with difficulty sleeping among preschool children.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between the introduction of total sugar foods (TSF) in the first six months of age and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and its consequences for dental pulp in preschool children. Methods: A representative cross-sectional study was conducted with 533 preschool children (four to six years old) in Ribeirão das Neves, Brazil. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index was used for determining ECC. The visible pulp, oral mucosa ulceration due to root fragments, fistula, and abscess (pufa) index was used for the pulp consequences of dental caries. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics and the children's diet. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression (P<0.05). Results: The multiple logistic regression model adjusted for family income and breastfeeding showed that preschool children who were introduced to TSF prior to six months of age were 1.58 times more likely to have ECC (95 percent confidence interval equals 1.09 to 2.30). The multiple logistic regression model, adjusted for family income, breastfeeding, and brushing behaviors, showed that preschool children who were introduced to TSF prior to six months of age were 2.30 times more likely to have pulp consequences (95 percent confidence interval equals 1.35 to 3.91). Conclusion: The early introduction TSF is associated with a higher prevalence of early childhood caries and pulp consequences in preschool children. The negative effects on oral health may be greater when the introduction of TSF occurs prior to six months of age.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate potential effects of diflubenzuron on the production and quality of gametes, and on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) outcomes, in cattle., Methods: Two experiments were performed, the first to evaluate effects on semen, and the second on cumulus -oocyte complexes (COC) and on IVEP. Nelore ( Bos taurus indicus ) bulls ( n = 14) or heifers ( n = 16) were allocated into control (CG) or treatment (DIF) groups. All groups received a mineral mix supplement added (DIF) or not (CG) with diflubenzuron (30 mg/head/day), during 8 weeks. Animals were weighed and blood samples were collected throughout the experimental period. Every other week, bulls were subjected to semen collection and heifers to transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration sessions. Semen underwent physical and morphological evaluation, and samples were stored for further computer-assisted sperm analysis. The COC recovered were evaluated according to morphology and those classified as viable were sent to an IVEP laboratory., Results: Diflubenzuron had no effect ( P > 0.05) on average body weight or in any blood hematological or biochemical endpoints, regardless of gender. In experiment 1, there was no difference ( P > 0.05) between DIF and CG groups for sperm concentration, morphology, or kinetics. In experiment 2, there was also no effect of diflubenzuron on the number of total, viable, or grade I oocytes, as well as on cleavage or blastocyst rates ( P > 0.05)., Discussion: In summary, the oral administration of diflubenzuron, within the recommended dose, has no short-term negative effects on sperm production and quality or on oocyte yield and developmental potential in vitro , in cattle., Competing Interests: MX and MP were employed by Bio Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal. RF and JV were employed by Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Xavier, Martins, Moura, Morais, Barbosa, Figueiredo, Peixer, Andrade and Viana.)

Objective: To identify a structural model for the identification of psychosocial associated factors of early childhood caries (ECC) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in preschool children and their families., Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 533 preschool children from 4 to 6 years-old public and private preschools, from Ribeirão das Neves, MG. Parents/caregivers self-completed the Brazilian versions of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) and Resilience Scale as well as a structured questionnaire addressing socioeconomic status and child's oral health behavior. Two dentists who had undergone training and calibration exercises for ICDAS‑epi and pufa index (Kappa≥0.95) performed the examinations for ECC. Stages of ECC were classified as free of visible carious lesion, initial caries, moderate caries, extensive caries without pulp consequences and extensive caries with pulp consequences. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, using Mplus version 8.6., Results: Lower socioeconomic status (b=-0.250; p<0.001) and higher frequency of free sugar consumption (b = 0.122; p = 0.033) were directly associated with a more severe stage of ECC. Lower parental resilience had an indirect impact on more severe stage of ECC which was mediated by the variable 'frequency of free sugar consumption' (b=-0.089; p = 0.048). ECC was associated with lower child's OHRQoL (b = 0.587; p<0.001) and lower family's OHRQoL (b = 0.506; p<0.001)., Conclusion: Structural modeling revealed that the severity of ECC negatively impacted the OHRQoL of preschoolers and their families. The main associated factors of the severity of ECC were lower socioeconomic status, higher frequency of free sugar consumption and lower parental resilience., Clinical Significance: T The findings indicate that psychosocial and behavior variables can be associated with the severity of ECC, and ECC can be associated with negative impact on wellbeing and ability to perform daily activities of preschoolers and their families., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Species interactions can propagate disturbances across space via direct and indirect effects, potentially connecting species at a global scale. However, ecological and biogeographic boundaries may mitigate this spread by demarcating the limits of ecological networks. We tested whether large-scale ecological boundaries (ecoregions and biomes) and human disturbance gradients increase dissimilarity among plant-frugivore networks, while accounting for background spatial and elevational gradients and differences in network sampling. We assessed network dissimilarity patterns over a broad spatial scale, using 196 quantitative avian frugivory networks (encompassing 1496 plant and 1004 bird species) distributed across 67 ecoregions, 11 biomes, and 6 continents. We show that dissimilarities in species and interaction composition, but not network structure, are greater across ecoregion and biome boundaries and along different levels of human disturbance. Our findings indicate that biogeographic boundaries delineate the world's biodiversity of interactions and likely contribute to mitigating the propagation of disturbances at large spatial scales., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Identifying the relative importance of different mechanisms responsible for the emergence and maintenance of phenotypic diversity can be challenging, as multiple selective pressures and stochastic events are involved in these processes. Therefore, testing how environmental conditions shape the distribution of phenotypes can offer important insights on local adaptation, divergence, and speciation. The red-yellow Müllerian mimicry ring of Heliconius butterflies exhibits a wide diversity of color patterns across the Neotropics and is involved in multiple hybrid zones, making it a powerful system to investigate environmental drivers of phenotypic distributions. Using the distantly related Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene co-mimics and a multiscale distribution approach, we investigated whether distinct phenotypes of these species are associated with different environmental conditions. We show that Heliconius red-yellow phenotypic distribution is strongly driven by environmental gradients (especially thermal and precipitation variables), but that phenotype and environment associations vary with spatial scale. While co-mimics are usually predicted to occur in similar environments at large spatial scales, patterns at local scales are not always consistent (i.e., different variables are best predictors of phenotypic occurrence in different locations) or congruent (i.e., co-mimics show distinct associations with environment). We suggest that large-scale analyses are important for identifying how environmental factors shape broad mimetic phenotypic distributions, but that local studies are essential to understand the context-dependent biotic, abiotic, and historical mechanisms driving finer-scale phenotypic transitions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

To assess the impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in infants in ten Latin America countries (LAC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 930 pairs of 1-to-3-year-old children/parents from 10 LAC, as a complementary study of the Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region. The scale ECOHIS, previously tested and valid in ten countries, was applied to parents/caregivers of children to measure OHRQoL. Statistical analysis included descriptive data analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-One-Way) were performed to compare age groups with OHRQoL. Bootstrapping procedures (1000 re-samplings; 95%CI Bca) were performed. The mean scores of the 'Child Impact' section in the LAC was 4.0(±8.3), in the 'Family Impact' section was 2.0(±4.0), and in overall ECOHIS score was 6.0(±12.0). In the 'Child Impact' section, Argentina 10.0(+2.4) and Venezuela 17.8(±17.5) demonstrated mean scores higher than the LAC total data. In the 'Family Impact' section, the countries with higher mean scores were Argentina 4.9(±2.0), Ecuador 2.1(±3.1) and Venezuela 7.9(±7.8). In the overall ECOHIS score, Argentina 15.1 (±4.1) and Venezuela 25.7(±25.2) has higher mean scores than the values of LAC. There is an association between children's age and parents' report of impact on the OHRQoL (p<0.001). Three-year-olds had a higher mean when compared to one- and two-year-olds, both in the Impact on the Child and Impact on the Family (p<0.001) sections, as well as in the overall ECOHIS (p<0.001). In conclusion, there are differences in OHRQoL among Latin American countries, impacting older children more significantly.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (SB) for sows on their productive performance, colostrum and milk composition, and litter performance, in tropical humid climatic conditions. A total of 105 sows (Topigs Norsvin®) were allotted to a 5 × 3 completely randomized factorial design, with five diets (control diet; SBGL4 and SBGL8: 0.04 and 0.08% SB supplementation from the 90th day of gestation until 24th day of lactation; SBL4 and SBL8: 0.04 and 0.08% SB supplementation during lactation) and three parity order groups (PO: 1st and 2nd; 3rd and 4th; 5th to 7th), considering each sow and their litter as experimental unit. Sows above the 5th PO that fed control diet had a lower daily milk production (DMP), number of weaned piglets (NWP), and daily weight gain of litter (DWGL) than sows from 1st to 4th PO that fed the same diet (P < 0.05). Dietary supply of SBGL4 and SBGL8 to older sows provided a higher DMP, NWP, and DWGL when compared to sows of same PO that fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Dietary supply of SBGL4, SBGL8, SBL4, and SBL8 provided a higher dry matter and protein contents in sows' milk of 1st and 2nd PO when compared to sows from same PO that fed control diet (P < 0.05). Dietary supply of SB enhances milk yield of older sows and their litter performance, as well as the dry matter and protein content of younger sows' milk in tropical humid climatic conditions., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

The genus Psidium comprises several native Brazilian plants, such as the araçá and guava trees. They are interesting sources of essential oils (EOs) that can be used as natural preservatives in foods due to their bioactive properties. This work aimed to evaluate and correlate the biological properties of the EOs from araçá and guava leaves with their chemical compounds. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of EOs. The antimicrobial activity was tested against 16 foodborne pathogens and the antioxidant capacity was determined by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The major compounds identified in the essential oil of araçá (EOA) were β-caryophyllene and β-elemene, representing 38.69% and 7.47%, respectively, whereas β-selinene (13.83%), α-humulene (10.90%), and β-caryophyllene (7.61%) were the major compounds identified in the essential oil of guava (EOG). Both EOs showed activity against Salmonella Enteritidis, with MIC being 1.41 µg/ml for the EOA and 1.37 µg/ml for the EOG. The EOA was more effective than the EOG against strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with the MIC being 1.41 µg/ml. The EOA showed 10.43, 12.35, and 3.92 µmol TE/ml at 90 µg/ml whereas the EOG showed 4.54, 8.94, and 3.43 µmol TE/ml at 88 µg/ml for ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP, respectively. Thus, the EOs demonstrated an effective action against foodborne pathogens and free radicals, indicative of their potential use as natural preservatives for foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Guava and araçá are native Brazilian plants producers of essential oils, natural compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The chemical composition of essential oils is responsible for its beneficial properties. The results demonstrated that the essential oils studied are rich in β-caryophyllene and has excellent activity against malefic microorganisms and free radicals, and can also be used as natural preservatives in foods., (© 2021 Institute of Food Technologists®.)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and tissue repair in an experimental model of collagenase-induced Achilles tendinitis. Thirty Wistar rats (aged 12 weeks) were randomly distributed among control group (n = 8), tendinitis group (n = 11), and LED group (n = 11). Tendinitis was induced in the tendinitis and LED groups through a peritendinous injection of collagenase (100 μl). The LED group animals received the first irradiation 1 h after injury. A 630 ± 20 nm, 300-mW continuous wave light-emitting diode (LED), spot size 1 cm 2 , was placed in contact with the skin. One point over the tendon was irradiated for 30 s, delivering 9 J (9 J/cm 2 ). LED irradiation was performed once daily for 7 days, with the total energy delivered being 63 J. The tendons were surgically removed and expression of the HSP70 protein was calculated using semi-quantitative analyses of immunohistochemistry (HSCORE). Number of fibroblasts and amount of collagen were measured using histological and histochemical analyses. An increase in the mean HSCORE for HSP70, in the number of fibroblasts, and in the amount of collagen were found in the LED group compared with those in the tendinitis and control group (P ≤ 0.05). PBM therapy increased the expression of the HSP70, number of fibroblasts, and amount of collagen in the acute Achilles tendinitis in rats., (© 2020. Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

The Gravataí River basin, one of the main water sources of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, is among the ten most polluted rivers in Brazil. Water quality is monitored only through physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in Brazil, and in this context, considering the importance of the use of biomarkers in complementing the analysis of water, the present study aimed to evaluate the environmental quality of the main affluent of the Gravataí River, Demetrio stream, through physico-chemical, microbiological, and cytogenotoxic criteria, at the stream source (P1), whereas samples P2 and P3 were obtained from the upstream near the area with the highest urban density and the downstream near the meeting point with the Gravataí River, respectively. The results for copper concentration and color classified the Demetrio stream as Class 4 in general, that is, the water is suitable only for navigation and to landscape harmony. The main genotoxic alterations (micronuclei and nuclear buds) were observed in P2, in which were obtained the highest levels of copper, in addition to iron and manganese. Anthropic interventions were observed in P1 and P2; however, due to its low metal concentration, P3, near the Gravataí River, manifested an improvement in environmental quality.

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in childhood. Measures to reduce the prevalence of ECC cannot be taken without recognizing that oral health is influenced by biopsychosocial factors on individual and community levels., Aim: To evaluate the impact of ECC on OHRQoL and moderation effect of parents' resilience., Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study with 497 children (4-6 years old) at preschools in Ribeirão das Neves, MG, Brazil. Parents self-completed the Brazilian version of the early childhood oral health impact scale (B-ECOHIS), the Resilience Scale and questionnaires about socioeconomic and oral health behaviour factors. Calibrated dentists conducted examinations for ECC (ICDASepi) and pulp consequences (pufa). Data analysis used multivariate Poisson regression for complex sample (P < .05)., Results: Model#1, adjusted for parents' resilience and socioeconomic factors, revealed that preschoolers with pulp involvement had 2.36 (95% CI: 1.60-3.49) and fistula/abscess had 3.57 (95% CI: 2.23-5.72) more prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL than preschoolers with ECC without pulp consequences. In Model#2, resilience was removed from the analysis and the strength of associations almost did not change (OHRQoL vs pulp involvement RP = 2.33;95% CI: 1.58-3.43; OHRQoL vs fistula/abscess RP = 3.65;95% CI: 2.22-5.99)., Conclusion: Early childhood caries with pulp consequences had negative impact on OHRQoL of preschoolers and families, and it is not moderated by parents' resilience., (© 2020 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Purpose: To evaluate the association between parental oral health literacy (OHL) and untreated early childhood caries and its clinical consequences in children. Methods: Population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 449 parent-preschooler dyads (four-to-six-year-olds) in Ribeirão das Neves, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Parents answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (BOHLAT-P), which measures parental OHL in pediatric dentistry. Preschoolers were examined by two calibrated dentists for the diagnosis of caries (ICDASepi-merged) and its clinical consequences: visible pulp; oral mucosa ulceration due to root fragments; fistula; and abscess (pufa). Data were submitted to univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses ( P <0.05). Results: A multivariable model that adjusted for socioeconomic status showed that parental OHL was not associated with untreated dental caries ( P =0.618). Parents with lower OHL had a greater odds of having children with at least one clinical consequence of untreated dental caries (odds ratio equals 0.94; 95 percent confidence interval equals 0.89 to 0.98) than parents with higher OHL. Conclusions: Low parental OHL appears to impact the occurrence of at least one clinical consequence of untreated dental caries in children but not in the simple presence of untreated dental caries.

Phalangopsids are a diverse group of crickets found in all tropical and subtropical regions, and includes 1044 valid species. Up to now, only 22 species were studied cytologically, with the chromosome number ranging from 2n = 11 to 2n = 21. In this paper we studied the chromosomes of 12 phalangopsid species from different Brazilian biomes (eight of them reported for the first time), and we traced some trends on chromosomal derivation in this group, based on chromosome morphology and fundamental number. We found that in the phalangopsid species the karyotype concentrates a large amount of metacentric chromosomes, the result of successive centric fusions over evolutionary time. Moreover, pericentric inversions and translocations have been also important in the chromosomal derivation of these crickets.

Malocclusion is public health problem because of its high prevalence, treatment possibility, and impact on the individual's quality of life. This article aims to determining the prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents and to test its association with social vulnerability. A representative transversal study was performed with 1612 adolescents aged between 11 and 14 years old who came from public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The adolescents were examined by three calibrated examiners for diagnosis of malocclusion, using the Dental Aesthetic Index. The Social Vulnerability Index from Belo Horizonte was used to determine the degree of social vulnerability from adolescents. The data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance (p<0,05). Most adolescents presented absence/minor malocclusion (68.7%). Dental crowding was diagnosed in 51.9% from the sample, diastema in 23.7%, anterior open bite in 7.6 %. Malocclusion was associated with social vulnerability (PR=1.25;95% CI=1.01-1.55). Dental crowding was the most prevalent type of malocclusion. The more socially vulnerable adolescents had worse indicators of malocclusion.

Introduction: Our aim was to compare the load systems produced by rectangular loops and continuous arch mechanics on intrusion of a maxillary second molar., Methods: An orthodontic appliance was passively bonded from second molar to second molar on a patient's model fixed to an orthodontic force tester. The second molars were extruded by 3 mm, and 2 mechanics systems were compared: beta-titanium rectangular loops and super-elastic nickel-titanium continuous arch. Vertical (Fz) and mesial (Fy) forces, and tipping moments around the buccal axis (Mx) at the tubes were collected at every 0.5 mm of deactivation. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect differences between mechanics. The net Mx was also estimated at the center of resistance of each molar., Results: Significant differences were found between the mechanics at the tubes, except for the Mx in the first molar, and more importantly, at the centers of resistance of the molars: Fz forces were greater in the continuous arch than in the rectangular loops, which, on the other hand, produced lower Fy forces than the continuous arch. In the second molar, net Mx was low initially and changed with deactivation. In the continuous arch, net Mx decreased from -3.6 N.mm of mesial crown tipping to clinically insignificant levels after 2 mm of deactivation. In the first molar, net Mx was lower on the rectangular loop than on the continuous arch during the first 2 mm of deactivation and became similar in the last millimeter of deactivation. Additionally, the net Mx decreased with deactivation with both mechanics., Conclusions: Both mechanics can intrude the second molars. Although the rectangular loop produced less tipping in large deflections, the continuous arch was a better approach when less intrusion was required., (Copyright © 2018 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To assess the effects of reducing the curing time of a high-power light-emitting diode (LED) unit (Valo, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) on shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets and on the amount of adhesive remnant of two orthodontic composites., Methods: Eighty human premolars were divided into four groups (G1-4) according to curing time and composite: G1 (Transbond XT, 6 s), G2 (Opal Bond MV, 6 s), G3 (Transbond XT, 3 s), and G4 (Opal Bond MV, 3 s). Twenty-four hours after bonding, brackets were subject to a SBS test performed with a universal testing machine. Enamel surface was analyzed by SEM and the amount of adhesive remnant was assessed by the Image J software area calculation tool. Two-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis of SBS data, while Friedman and Mann-Whitney post hoc tests were used to analyze data on the amount of adhesive remnant., Results: Time and composite significantly affected SBS (p < 0.001). The 6 s curing showed a higher SBS value (21.56 MPa) in comparison to 3 s curing (15.79 MPa). Transbond XT composite showed a significantly higher SBS value (21.06 MPa) compared to Opal Bond MV (16.29 MPa). After the SBS test, Opal Bond MV showed a significantly greater amount of composite adhered to enamel (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Reducing exposure time from 6 to 3 s significantly decreased mean values of SBS, even with the use of a high-power LED unit. Reduction in time did not affect the amount of adhesive remnant.

Objectives: To evaluate if a 0.5-mm vertical bend applied on an incisor bracket produces movements in other planes and if different wires influence these effects., Materials and Methods: An acrylic model of a treated patient with brackets passively bonded was attached to an Orthodontic Force Tester, and a load cell was attached to the left lateral incisor. Thirty 0.019 × 0.025-inch archwires were divided into three groups according to their alloy: SS (stainless steel), B-Ti (beta-titanium), and MF (beta-titanium wire coated with nickel-titanium). Step-bends of 0.5 mm high were placed on the lateral incisor bracket using a universal plier, and the forces and moments in three dimensions were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test., Results: SS produced a larger force (3.4 N) than the B-Ti (1.41 N) and the MF (0.53 N; P < .001). Lingual forces were produced by the SS (0.82 N) and B-Ti (0.31 N) groups, while in the MF group, the force was insignificant. SS produced a mesial force of 0.24 N, while the B-Ti force was insignificant and MF produced 0.09 N. Groups produced different crown-distal tipping moments (SS = 31.48 N-mm, B-Ti = 11.7 N-mm, and MF = 4.55 N-mm) and different crown-buccal tipping moments. SS produced larger moments (3.63 N-mm) than B-Ti (1.02 N-mm) and MF (0.36 N-mm) wires. A mesial-out rotational moment was observed in all groups (SS = 7.17 N-mm, B-Ti = 3.46 N-mm, and MF = 0.86 N-mm)., Conclusions: A 0.5-mm intrusion bend produced lingual and mesial side effects. In addition to the distal and buccal crown-tipping moments, there was a mesial-out moment. Compared with SS, B-Ti and MF wires produced lower forces. These more flexible wires showed side effects with lesser intensity.

Neste trabalho é proposto elevar o subgênero Aclogryllus para o status de gênero baseado em características da morfologia externa e genitália do macho. Também foi descrita uma nova espécie amazônica para Aclogryllus. Fotografias da espécie nominotípica e da nova espécie são apresentadas juntamente com a descrição das características morfológicas, diagnoses e fotografias da genitália masculina e da papila copulatória da fêmea.

In this paper we describe two new sympatric species of phalangopsid crickets Adelosgryllus from the Araripe-Apodi National Forest, State of Ceará, Brazil, highlighting morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia, tegmina and copulatory papilla. We also present a geographical map for the valid species of the genus, as well as photographs of holotypes and paratypes. The type-material is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP).

Objective: To identify the appropriate power level for electric welding of three commercial brands of nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires., Methods: Ninety pairs of 0.018-in and 0.017 × 0.025-in NiTi wires were divided into three groups according to their manufacturers - GI (Orthometric, Marília, Brazil), GII (3M OralCare, St. Paul, CA) and GIII (GAC,York, PA) - and welded by electrical resistance. Each group was divided into subgroups of 5 pairs of wires, in which welding was done with different power levels. In GI and GII, power levels of 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5 were used, while in GIII 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 were used (each unit of power of the welding machine representing 500W). The pairs of welded wires underwent a tensile strength test on an universal testing machine until rupture and the maximum forces were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were conducted to determine which subgroup within each brand group had the greatest resistance to rupture., Results: The 2.5 power exhibited the lowest resistance to rupture in all groups (43.75N for GI, 28.41N for GII and 47.57N for GIII) while the 4.0 power provided the highest resistance in GI and GII (97.90N and 99.61N, respectively), while in GIII (79.28N) the highest resistance was achieved with a 3.5 power welding., Conclusions: The most appropriate power for welding varied for each brand, being 4.0 for Orthometric and 3M, and 3.5 for GAC NiTi wires.

Introduction: The aim of this research was to compare the load systems produced by rectangular loops and continuous arches for the correction of extruded second molars with a mesial inclination (inconsistent system) and a distal inclination (consistent system)., Methods: The maxillary first molar of an acrylic model of a patient, with passive brackets and tubes bonded, was connected to a 3-dimensional load cell of an orthodontic force tester, and the second molar was replaced by its respective tube bonded to a second load cell. The second molar tube was moved 2.5 mm occlusally and tipped 20° mesially and distally, creating an inconsistent force system and a consistent force system. For each situation, ten 0.017 × 0.025-in beta-titanium, 8 × 10-mm rectangular loops were compared with 10 0.014-in nickel-titanium continuous arches. The vertical forces-F(z)-and tipping moments-M(x)-were compared using 4 t tests, at 5%., Results: In the inconsistent group, the rectangular loop produced a larger M(x) in both molars: 2.11 N.mm in the second molar compared with the -0.15 N.mm of the continuous arches. On the first molar, the rectangular loops produced -5.58 N.mm against -2.08 N.mm produced by the continuous arches. The F(z) values produced at the second molar with each system were similar, whereas on the first molar they were different; the rectangular loops produced 0.41N, and continuous arches produced 0.53N. In the consistent group, the rectangular loops produced smaller M(x) values at the second molar (-3.06 N.mm) than did the continuous arch (-4.25 N.mm) (P = 0.01), as well as a smaller F(z) value (-0.52 vs -0.92 N, respectively). At the first molar, the rectangular loops produced smaller M(x) values (-2.32 N.mm) than did the continuous arch (-4.18 N.mm), as well as a smaller F(z) value (0.59 vs 1.10 N)., Conclusions: In the inconsistent group, only the rectangular loop produced a system of force that could correct the second molar. In the consistent system, both group mechanics produced a system of force compatible with the correction of the second molar, but the continuous wire produced larger moments. Both groups showed a tendency for mesial crown tipping of the first molar., (Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background/objectives: The aesthetic impact of malocclusion can have negative repercussions on quality of life, social interaction, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of malocclusion on the quality of life of Brazilian adolescents., Methods: A representative cross-sectional study of 1612 adolescents from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais was conducted. The adolescents responded to the Brazilian version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14-ISF:16) to assess the impact of the condition on quality of life. Cases of malocclusion were diagnosed using the Dental Aesthetic Index while clinical examination was performed by three calibrated examiners. Data regarding traumatic dental injuries, dental caries, gender, type of school, age and social vulnerability was collected. Data analysis was performed using bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance (P < 0.05)., Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 31.3%. The presence of definite malocclusion (PR = 1.28; CI = 1.13-1.45), severe malocclusion (PR = 1.24; CI = 1.04-1.47) and handicapping malocclusion (PR = 1.55; CI = 1.31-1.84) was associated with a greater negative impact on Emotional Well-Being. The presence of definite malocclusion (PR = 1.18; CI = 1.02-1.36), severe malocclusion (PR = 1.46; CI = 1.21-1.76) and handicapping malocclusion (PR = 1.61; CI = 1.35-1.94) was also associated with a greater negative impact on Social Well-Being., Conclusions: Adolescents with handicapping malocclusion, where the need for treatment was mandatory, suffered from a greater negative impact on quality of life, with emotional and social aspects most affected., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com)

Objective: Evaluate changes in the force system of T-Loop Springs (TLS) preactivated by curvature, due to stress relaxation., Methods: Ninety TLSs measuring 6 x 10 mm, produced out with 0.017 x 0.025-in TMA® wire and preactived by gradual curvature, were randomly distributed into nine groups according to time point of evaluation. Group 1 was tested immediately after spring preactivation and stress relief, by trial activation. The other eight groups were tested after 24, 48 and 72 hours, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Using a moment transducer coupled to a digital extensometer indicator adapted to a universal testing machine, the amount of horizontal force, moment and moment-to-force ratios were recorded at every 0.5 mm of deactivation from 5 mm of the initial activation, in an interbracket distance of 23 mm., Results: The horizontal forces decreased gradually among the groups (p< 0.001) and the moments showed a significant and slow decrease over time among the groups (p< 0.001). All groups produced similar M/F ratios (p= 0.532), with no influence of time., Conclusions: The TLSs preactivated by curvature suffered a gradual deformation over time, which affected the force system, specifically the moments, which affected the horizontal forces produced.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to determine the amount of deformation in four commercial brands of nickel-titanium closed springs., Methods: A total of 130 springs were divided into 13 subgroups, according to their features and manufacturers (Morelli, Orthometric, Ormco and GAC) and activated from 100% to 1000% of the effective length of the nickel-titanium portion present at the spring, at 37 °C. Deactivation data were plotted and deformation was found graphically. The values were compared by analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test., Results: Springs manufactured by Morelli had the same amount of deformation when they were activated up to 700% of Y activation; springs by Orthometric had the same amount of deformation up to 600-700% of Y; springs by Ormco had the same amount of deformation up to 700-800% of Y; and finally, the majority of springs by GAC had similar deformation up to 800%-1000% of activation. All springs tested could be activated up to 700% without rupture., Conclusions: Most subgroups were similarly deformed up to 700% of activation, without rupture of springs. Subgroups 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E showed the same amount of deformation up to 1000% of activation without any rupture at all.

Introduction: Our objective was to assess the amounts of adhesive remnant and enamel damage when removing composite under conventional lighting and ultraviolet (UV) light., Methods: Thirty-eight premolars were divided into 2 groups according to the lighting used for adhesive removal. A multifluted tungsten-carbide bur at low speed was used for this process in both groups. The UV group received conventional lighting associated with UV light, and the conventional group received conventional lighting only. The amounts of adhesive remnant were calculated using images of the teeth taken under UV light with software. Scanning electron microscopy images of epoxy adhesive replicas of the teeth made before bonding and after adhesive removal were graded according to the enamel damage index (EDI), and the difference between the final and initial EDI scores was used for assessment of the enamel damage. To detect differences between the groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the data from the adhesive remnant index and the EDI., Results: The conventional group had more adhesive left on the enamel (P <0.001) than did the UV group. There was no difference between groups for the EDI (P = 0.729)., Conclusions: UV lighting allows significantly more adhesive removal without increasing the damage caused to the enamel., (Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The first record of the Orthoptera species Lerneca inalata for Brazil is presented here. The taxon is represented by a new subspecies Lerneca inalata beripocone subsp. nov. (Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae), collected in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. This work includes morphological and morphometric data as well as descriptions of female genitalia and calling song. The new subspecies has as diagnostic features the male genitalia with six ventral spines on the B sclerite, the first spine having a subtle bifurcation; the mid-region of the strongly sclerotized pseudepiphallus; inclination of C sclerite with slightly concave curvature; tegmina-length ratio and the speculum (syn. mirror) width approximately three times the length of the apical area. The description of the female genitalia and the calling song is presented for the first time for the species Lerneca inalata. A distribution map covers the local occurrence of its subspecies.

A new species of the genus Oecanthus Serville, 1831 from Reserva Natural Vale, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil is described. The new species differs from other of this genus in characteristics of the pseudepiphallus main lobe, endophallic sclerites, posterior median lobe of the metanotal gland and black spots on the femora and tibiae. The chromosome number is 2n=16+XY♂=18 and 2n=16+XX♀=18, and this complement present one pair of autosomes less than the other five cytological studied species.

Objective: This paper analyzed whether nickel-titanium closed coil springs (NTCCS) have a different superelastic (SE) behavior according to activation and whether their force plateau corresponds to that informed by the manufacturer., Methods: A total of 160 springs were divided into 16 subgroups according to their features and activated proportionally to the length of the extensible part (NiTi) of the spring (Y). The force values measured were analyzed to determine SE rates and force plateaus, which were mathematically calculated. These plateaus were compared to those informed by the manufacturer. Analysis of variance was accomplished followed by Tukey post-hoc test to detect and analyze differences between groups., Results: All subgroups were SE at the activation of 400% of Y length, except for: subgroups 4B and 3A, which were SE at 300%; subgroups 4E and 4G, which were SE at 500%; and subgroup 3C, which was SE at 600%. Subgroup 3B did not show a SE behavior. Force plateaus depended on activation and, in some subgroups and some activations, were similar to the force informed., Conclusions: Most of the springs showed SE behavior at 400% of activation. Force plateaus are difficult to compare due to lack of information provided by manufacturers.

Objective: To determine which regions of beta-titanium T-loop springs (TLSs) are more affected by the stress relaxation over a 12-week period., Materials and Methods: Fifty TLS were previously activated by concentrated bends and divided into five groups of 10 each according to their evaluation periods: immediate assessment (G0), 24 hours (G1), 48 hours (G2), 1 week (G3), and 12 weeks (G4). Groups 1 to 4 were mounted into a structure simulating a clinical situation. After the experimental periods, the springs were scanned for measurement of their angles and numbered from 1 to 9. A two-way analysis of variance was used to detect differences among the angles measured and differences caused by time and also to detect interactions between those two factors. Tukey's test was used to find differences among the groups., Results: Time influenced the angulations of the TLSs (P < .001). Tukey post hoc test showed that G0 (84.1°) presented a different profile, whereas G1 (90.2°), G2 (90.7°), and G3 (91.1°) had similar profiles among each other, with G4 (92.6°) showing a mean value different from all other groups. A significant interaction was detected between activation time and angular deformation in the TLSs (P < .01)., Conclusion: Stress relaxation was observed in the TLSs. It was greatest within 24 hours and gradually increased up to 12 weeks. Two regions were identified as responsible for the relaxation of the TLSs: one at the bend between the vertical extensions of the springs and the base arch and the other at the preactivation bends made in the base arch.

We describe two patients with HIV/AIDS who presented pulmonary and intestinal infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, with a fatal outcome. The lack of available description of changes in clinical signs and radiographic characteristics of this disease when it is located in the extra-intestinal region causes low prevalence of early diagnosis and a subsequent lack of treatment.

Patients presenting reduced periodontium represent a major concern for orthodontists. The purpose of this article is to present the clinical case of an adult patient who presented sequel of periodontal disease (diastemas) compromising her dental aesthetics. She was subjected to an orthodontic treatment with the application of light forces distant from the teeth with reduced periodontium. A periodontal support therapy was successfully implemented. The final stage of the treatment indicated satisfactory occlusal and periodontal characteristics.

Objective: Evaluation of the force system produced by four brands of b-Ti wires bent into an elaborate design., Methods: A total of 40 T-loop springs (TLS) hand-bent from 0.017 x 0.025-in b-Ti were randomly divided into four groups according to wire brand: TMATM(G1), BETA FLEXYTM (G2), BETA III WIRETM (G3) and BETA CNATM (G4). Forces and moments were recorded by a moment transducer, coupled to a digital extensometer indicator adapted to a testing machine, every 0.5 mm of deactivation from 5 mm of the initial activation. The moment-to-force (MF) ratio, the overlapping of the vertical extensions of the TLSs and the load-deflection (LD) ratio were also calculated. To complement the results, the Young's module (YM) of each wire was determined by the slope of the load-deflection graph of a tensile test. The surface chemical composition was also evaluated by an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer., Results: All groups, except for G2, produced similar force levels initially. G3 produced the highest LD rates and G1 and G4 had similar amounts of overlap of the vertical extensions of the TLSs in "neutral position". G1 and G3 delivered the highest levels of moments, and G2 and G3 produced the highest MF ratios. b-Ti wires from G3 produced the highest YM and all groups showed similar composition, except for G2., Conclusion: The four beta-titanium wires analyzed produced different force systems when used in a more elaborate design due to the fact that each wire responds differently to bends.

Background: Well-planned orthognathic surgery improves psychological health, aesthetics and function of patients., Aim: The present study aimed to investigate patients' satisfaction after orthognathic surgery by means of a satisfaction questionnaire before and after surgery., Materials and Methods: A total of 29 patients was selected (17 women and 12 men), with a mean age of 28 years, randomly selected from a private clinic at Araçatuba - São Paulo by two investigators. Anamnesis and clinical examination were performed. Subjects with facial deformities submitted to orthodontic treatment before and after orthognathic surgery with a minimum post-surgery period of 6 months, answered a satisfaction questionnaire composed of 10 questions regarding dental and facial aesthetics. In this study, the maximum satisfaction score was 10., Results: Regarding aesthetics, two satisfaction parameters were investigated: dental and facial. For all indices, the average satisfaction was up to score 7., Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that orthognathic surgery has been an effective treatment for dentofacial deformities, aesthetics and functional problems, what was verified by pre and postoperative questionnaire application.

Introduction: Our objectives were to determine whether there are changes on the load deflection rate (L/DP) and the average force (FP) of the superelastic pseudoplateau, and whether permanent deformation is changed in nickel-titanium closed-coil springs (CCSs) after 6 months of clinical use., Methods: Twenty-two nickel-titanium CCSs (Sentalloy 100 g; Dentsply GAC, York, Pa) were subjected to tensile mechanical testing at 37°C on activations varying from 3.2 to 16.0 mm before and after 6 months of clinical use. A regression line was fitted over the most horizontal area of the unloading part of the stress-strain graph of every CCS, and its slope was used as L/DP. The FP was determined by the midpoint of the longest segment of the curve that could be fit within the regression line with a R(2) of at least 0.999, and permanent deformation was determined graphically by obtaining the strain value when the measured stress reached zero. The data were analyzed by 3 analyses of variance at 2 levels, with 5% of significance., Results: Time and activation significantly influenced the variables tested (P < 0.001). Time increased the L/DP and permanent deformation but decreased the FP. Activation decreased L/DP, FP, and permanent deformation. Significant interactions between time and activation were detected for FP (P = 0.013) and deformation (P < 0.001)., Conclusions: After 6 months of active clinical use, the analyzed springs had a significant but small increase in their L/DP; FP dropped up to 88%, and the CCSs deformed up to 1.26 mm., (Copyright © 2015 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)