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2. What Do I Want to Be? Predictors of Communal Occupational Aspirations in Early to Middle Childhood

Author

Olsen, Marte, Olsson, Maria I. T., Parks-Stamm, Elizabeth J., Kvalø, Marie, Thorsteinsen, Kjaersti, Steffens, Melanie C., and Martiny, Sarah E.

Abstract

Research investigating occupational aspirations in childhood is scarce. In addition, most research on occupational aspirations has focused on increasing the number of women in agentic jobs. In the present work, we investigate factors associated with communal occupational aspirations in two studies with young children (Study 1: 159 children [84 boys, 75 girls], M[subscript age] = 5.51 years, SD = 0.37; Study 2: 96 children [48 boys, 48 girls]; M[subscript age] = 9.44 years, SD = 1.91). We found gender differences in communal aspirations only among the older children. In both samples, as well as when combining the two samples, the stronger the communal occupational gender stereotypes children reported, the less boys (and the more girls) aspired toward communal occupations. In the combined sample, communal self-perceptions mediated the relationship between child gender and occupational aspirations. Finally, the perceived status of the occupations was positively associated with communal aspirations among older children.

Published
2022
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4. Stereotype Threat-Effects for Turkish-Origin Migrants in Germany: Taking Stock of Cumulative Research Evidence

Author

Froehlich, Laura, Mok, Sog Yee, Martiny, Sarah E., and Deaux, Kay

Abstract

Turkish-origin migrants on average show lower academic performance than Germans. This achievement gap cannot be fully explained by socio-economic differences between the groups. Negative competence stereotypes about Turkish-origin students predict the causal attributions that German preservice teachers make for migrants' academic underperformance. Specifically, the more strongly preservice teachers endorse negative competence stereotypes, the more likely they are to attribute academic underperformance of Turkish-origin migrants to the migrants themselves and less to the educational system. Stereotype threat theory posits that the activation of stereotypes in test situations can reduce the performance of members of the negatively stereotyped group. Based on this theory, we propose that negative stereotypes provide a social-psychological explanation for the academic underperformance of Turkish-origin migrants compared to Germans. A series of six experiments conducted within a research project funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research investigated stereotype threat effects for Turkish-origin migrants. Two new moderator variables were identified: implicit theory of intelligence and vertical collectivism. A meta-analysis of the six studies showed a small, non-significant mean effect for stereotype threat main effects, but a significant medium-sized mean effect for moderated stereotype threat effects. Limitations and practical implications of stereotype threat effects in educational settings are discussed.

Published
2022
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5. Children's Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relationships with Attitudes, Family Structure, and Mothers' Well-Being

Author

Martiny, Sarah E., Thorsteinsen, Kjaersti, Parks-Stamm, Elizabeth J., Olsen, Marte, and Kvalø, Marie

Abstract

COVID-19 triggered social restrictions worldwide including the shutdown of schools. Whereas research has documented the negative effects on parents' well-being, less is known about children's well-being during the pandemic. We investigated the well-being, emotions, and COVID-19-related attitudes of 87 Norwegian elementary children (42 boys, 45 girls; M[subscript age] = 9.66 years, SD = 1.77) and their mothers (M[subscript age] = 39.69 years; SD = 5.79) in June 2020. Children reported reduced well-being relative to European norms. In line with research on child well-being before the pandemic, living in a one-parent home was associated with lower child well-being and more negative emotions during the pandemic, and mother's well-being was related to child well-being. Concerning attitudes towards COVID-19-related restrictions, we found a positive relationship between child age and attitudes and between children's attitudes and well-being. Implications for protecting children from negative effects of the ongoing and future pandemics are discussed.

Published
2022
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9. The role of gender, stress, and social support in parents' pandemic well‐being: A cross‐national study.

Author

Thorsteinsen, Kjærsti, Heijens, Marie, Parks‐Stamm, Elizabeth J., Froehlich, Laura, and Martiny, Sarah E.

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, PSYCHOLOGY of mothers, PSYCHOLOGY of fathers, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, SOCIAL support, GENDER differences (Psychology), SCHOOL children
Abstract

Objective: The goal was to investigate whether and how the well‐being of mothers and fathers was differentially affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic in four European countries and whether differences in stress and social support explain observed gender differences. Background: Previous research documents that the COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant impact on many people's lives and that some groups, such as women and parents, were affected more negatively than others. This study investigates potential underlying mechanisms and protective factors. Method: In November 2020, 448 parents (218 fathers and 230 mothers, Mage = 41.18, SD = 8.47) from four European countries (Norway, Sweden, Germany, and the United Kingdom) completed an online questionnaire. Parents of elementary schoolchildren reported their stress, well‐being, and social support currently and retrospectively for the first lockdown (spring 2020). Results: Mothers experienced lower well‐being than fathers during the pandemic, and parental well‐being differed between countries. In addition, the stress caused by the need to combine paid work and child care partly mediated the relationship between gender and well‐being, and social support played a protective role by buffering individuals from the negative impact of stress on well‐being. Conclusion: The study allows a more differentiated perspective on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on parental well‐being in Europe. Implications: Results suggest in future health‐related crises, policymakers and practitioners working with families should focus on providing additional support to mothers of young children to maintain their well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Virtually isolated: social identity threat predicts social approach motivation via sense of belonging in computer-supported collaborative learning.

Author

Bick, Nathalie, Froehlich, Laura, Voltmer, Jan-Bennet, Raimann, Jennifer, Reich-Stiebert, Natalia, Seidel, Niels, Burchart, Marc, Martiny, Sarah E., Nikitin, Jana, Stürmer, Stefan, and Martin, Andreas

Subjects
DISTANCE education students, SOCIAL psychology, GROUP identity, NONTRADITIONAL college students, SOCIAL impact
Abstract

Collaboration improves multiple academic and social outcomes. Accordingly, computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) can be beneficial in distance education contexts to overcome the issues specific to online learning (e.g., underperformance, low identification with university). Distance universities often attract a substantial number of non-traditional students (e.g., students with disability, students with migration background). Despite their representation, non-traditional students face negative stereotypes and associated social consequences, including social identity threat, diminished sense of belonging, and less motivation for social interactions. In the context of online learning, where there is little individuating information, social categories like socio- demographic group memberships become salient, activating stereotypes. Consequently, socio-demographic group memberships can have detrimental consequences for the integration of non-traditional students. The purpose of the present study was to (a) determine the extent of social identity threat for students in higher distance education, (b) explore the social consequences of this threat in the same context, (c) validate these findings through longitudinal analyses embedded in a CSCL task, and (d) use learning analytics to test behavioral outcomes. In a longitudinal study with three measurement occasions over 8 weeks (N = 1,210), we conducted path analyses for cross-sectional associations and Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models for longitudinal predictions. The results showed that non-traditional students mostly reported higher social identity threat than traditional students. While the expected longitudinal within-person effects could not be demonstrated, we found stable between- person effects: students who reported higher levels of social identity threat also reported lower sense of belonging and lower social approach motivation. Exploratory analyses of actual online collaboration during CSCL offer potential avenues for future research. We conclude that social identity threat and its social consequences play an important role in higher distance education and should therefore be considered for successful CSCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Social identity threat is related to ethnic minority adolescents' social approach motivation towards classmates via reduced sense of belonging.

Author

Froehlich, Laura, Bick, Nathalie, Nikitin, Jana, and Martiny, Sarah E.

Subjects
MINORITY youth, MINORITIES, ACADEMIC motivation, TEENAGERS, MINORITY students, ETHNICITY, STEREOTYPES, ETHNIC discrimination, GROUP identity
Abstract

The integration of ethnic minority youth can only be successful if they are motivated to establish and maintain social relationships in important institutions such as school. At the same time, worries about negative stereotypes about one's ethnic group can undermine ethnic minority students' motivation to approach others. In the present study, we tested whether social identity threat predicts ethnic minority adolescents' social approach motivation via reduced sense of belonging. We also examined whether multiple social identities (i.e., high endorsement of ethnic and national idenitiy) buffer against the negative effects of social identity threat. In a sample of 426 ethnic minority students from 36 9th -grade classes in Germany, social identity threat was indirectly related to social approach motivation via reduced sense of belonging to the school and class. The interplay of students' ethnic and national identity moderated the relationship of social identity threat and sense of belonging. The relationship was particularly negative for students who endorsed either ethnic or national identity. However, it was less negative for students with integrated multiple social identities and non-significant for students who identified neither with the ethnic nor the national group. Results generalized for social approach motivation towards ethnic majority and minority classmates. These patterns were only found for social approach motivation in face-to-face contact situations, but not in online situations. We discuss these findings in light of the literature on social identity threat and multiple social identities. Practical implications include measures to foster students' sense of belonging and to reduce social identity threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Too different to be equal: Lack of public respect is associated with reduced self‐respect for stigmatized individuals.

Author

Martiny, Sarah E., Josten, Jonas, and Renger, Daniela

Subjects
*CROSS-sectional method, *RESPECT, *EQUALITY, *PUBLIC sector, *ATTITUDES toward disabilities, *PRIVATE sector, *EXPERIENCE, *COMPARATIVE studies, *SELF-perception, *SOCIAL stigma, *PEOPLE with disabilities
Abstract

Individuals with physical and mental disabilities can be stigmatized and perceived in terms of their disabilities in the public domain. This is less pervasive in the private domain, because of the presence of individuating information. We argue that disabilities decrease individuals' everyday opportunities to receive basic equality‐based respect experiences in the public domain and thus makes it difficult for them to develop a high and secure level of self‐respect (i.e., seeing the self as someone who possesses the same rights as others). These hypotheses were tested in a cross‐sectional study in Norway with 173 participants (51 males, 117 females, two trans men, and three non‐binary persons; Mage = 28.00; SD = 10.33, age range: 19–77 years), of which 60 participants reported having mental or physical disabilities. In line with our hypotheses, we found higher levels of self‐respect for individuals without mental or physical disabilities compared to individuals with mental or physical disabilities. In addition, results showed that respect experiences differed depending on the domain. Whereas individuals with and without disabilities did not significantly differ in the respect experiences they reported in the private domain, they did significantly differ in the respect experiences they reported in the public domain. In addition, respect experiences in the public domain mediated the relationship between disability and self‐respect. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of the importance of developing high and secure levels of self‐respect and in terms of how respect experiences in the public domain can be ensured for everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions : Evidence from 37 Countries

Author

Olsson, Maria I. T., Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Martiny, Sarah E., Olsson, Maria I. T., Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, and Martiny, Sarah E.

Abstract

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women's political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women's (rather than men's) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men's higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men's leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.

Published
2023
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30. Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Author

Olsson, Maria IT, Olsson, Maria IT, Van Grootel, Sanne, Block, Katharina, Schuster, Karolin, Meeussen, Loes, Van Laar, Collete, Schmader, Toni, Croft, Alyssa, Shuyi Sun, Molly, Ainsaar, Mare, Aarntzen, Lianne, Adamus, Magdalena, Anderson, Joel, Atkinson, Ciara, Avicenna, Mohamed, Bąbel, Przemysław, Barth, Markus, Benson‐Greenwald, Tessa M, Maloku, Edona, Berent, Jacques, Bergsieker, Hilary B, Biernat, Monica, Bîrneanu, Andreea G, Bodinaku, Blerta, Bosak, Janine, Bosson, Jennifer, Branković, Marija, Burkauska, Julius, Čavojová, Vladimíra, Cheryan, Sapna, Choi, Eunsoo, Choi, Incheol, Contreras‐Ibáñez, Carlos C, Coogan, Andrew, Danyliuk, Ivan, Dar‐Nimrod, Ilan, Dasgupta, Nilanjana, de Lemus, Soledad, Devos, Thierry, Diab, Marwan, Diekman, Amanda B, Efremova, Maria, Eisner, Léïla, Eller, Anja, Erentaite, Rasa, Fedáková, Denisa, Franc, Renata, Gartzia, Leire, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gecaite‐Stonciene, Julija, Germano, Adriana L, Giovannelli, Ilaria, Gismondi Diaz, Renzo, Gitikhmayeva, Lyudmila, Menkir Gizaw, Abiy, Gjoneska, Biljana, Martínez González, Omar, González, Roberto, Grijalva, Isaac David, Güngör, Derya, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hall, William, Harb, Charles, Hassan, Bushra, Hässler, Tabea, Hawi, Diala R, Henningsen, Levke, Hoppe, Annedore, Ishii, Keiko, Jasini, Alba, Jurkevičienė, Jurgita, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kirby, Teri A, Kitakaji, Yoko, Kosakowska‐Berezecka, Natasza, Kozytska, Inna, Kulich, Klara, Kundtová‐Klocová, Eva, Kunuroglu, Filiz, Lapytskaia Aidy, Christina, Lee, Albert, Lindqvist, Anna, López‐López, Wilson, Luzvinda, Liany, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Martinot, Delphine, McNamara, Rita Anne, Meister, Alyson, Lemma Melka, Tizita, Mickuviene, Narseta, Miranda‐Orrego, María Isabel, Mkamwa, Thadeus, Morandini, James, Morton, Thomas, Mrisho, David, Nikitin, Jana, Otten, Sabine, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Page‐Gould, Elizabeth, Perandrés, Ana, Pizarro, Jon, Pop-Jordanova, Nada, Pyrkosz‐Pacyna, Joanna, Quta, Sameir, Ravis, TamilSelvan, Rani, Nitya, Redersdorff, Sandrine, Régner, Isabelle, Renström, Emma A, Rivera‐Rodriguez, Adrian, Rocha, Sánchez Tania Esmeralda, Ryabichenko, Tatiana, Saab, Rim, Sakata, Kiriko, Samekin, Adil, Sánchez‐Pachecho, Tracy, Scheifele, Carolin, Schulmeyer, Marion K, Sczesny, Sabine, Sirlopú, David, Smith‐Castro, Vanessa, Soo, Kadri, Spaccatini, Federica, Steele, Jennifer R, Steffens, Melanie C, Sucic, Ines, Vandello, Joseph, Velásquez‐Díaz, Laura Maria, Vink, Melissa, Vives, Eva, Zalalam Warkineh, Turuwark, Žeželj, Iris, Zhang, Xiaoxiao, Zhao, Xian, Martiny, Sarah E, Jakšić, Ivana M., Olsson, Maria IT, Olsson, Maria IT, Van Grootel, Sanne, Block, Katharina, Schuster, Karolin, Meeussen, Loes, Van Laar, Collete, Schmader, Toni, Croft, Alyssa, Shuyi Sun, Molly, Ainsaar, Mare, Aarntzen, Lianne, Adamus, Magdalena, Anderson, Joel, Atkinson, Ciara, Avicenna, Mohamed, Bąbel, Przemysław, Barth, Markus, Benson‐Greenwald, Tessa M, Maloku, Edona, Berent, Jacques, Bergsieker, Hilary B, Biernat, Monica, Bîrneanu, Andreea G, Bodinaku, Blerta, Bosak, Janine, Bosson, Jennifer, Branković, Marija, Burkauska, Julius, Čavojová, Vladimíra, Cheryan, Sapna, Choi, Eunsoo, Choi, Incheol, Contreras‐Ibáñez, Carlos C, Coogan, Andrew, Danyliuk, Ivan, Dar‐Nimrod, Ilan, Dasgupta, Nilanjana, de Lemus, Soledad, Devos, Thierry, Diab, Marwan, Diekman, Amanda B, Efremova, Maria, Eisner, Léïla, Eller, Anja, Erentaite, Rasa, Fedáková, Denisa, Franc, Renata, Gartzia, Leire, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gecaite‐Stonciene, Julija, Germano, Adriana L, Giovannelli, Ilaria, Gismondi Diaz, Renzo, Gitikhmayeva, Lyudmila, Menkir Gizaw, Abiy, Gjoneska, Biljana, Martínez González, Omar, González, Roberto, Grijalva, Isaac David, Güngör, Derya, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hall, William, Harb, Charles, Hassan, Bushra, Hässler, Tabea, Hawi, Diala R, Henningsen, Levke, Hoppe, Annedore, Ishii, Keiko, Jasini, Alba, Jurkevičienė, Jurgita, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kirby, Teri A, Kitakaji, Yoko, Kosakowska‐Berezecka, Natasza, Kozytska, Inna, Kulich, Klara, Kundtová‐Klocová, Eva, Kunuroglu, Filiz, Lapytskaia Aidy, Christina, Lee, Albert, Lindqvist, Anna, López‐López, Wilson, Luzvinda, Liany, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Martinot, Delphine, McNamara, Rita Anne, Meister, Alyson, Lemma Melka, Tizita, Mickuviene, Narseta, Miranda‐Orrego, María Isabel, Mkamwa, Thadeus, Morandini, James, Morton, Thomas, Mrisho, David, Nikitin, Jana, Otten, Sabine, Giuseppina Pacilli, Maria, Page‐Gould, Elizabeth, Perandrés, Ana, Pizarro, Jon, Pop-Jordanova, Nada, Pyrkosz‐Pacyna, Joanna, Quta, Sameir, Ravis, TamilSelvan, Rani, Nitya, Redersdorff, Sandrine, Régner, Isabelle, Renström, Emma A, Rivera‐Rodriguez, Adrian, Rocha, Sánchez Tania Esmeralda, Ryabichenko, Tatiana, Saab, Rim, Sakata, Kiriko, Samekin, Adil, Sánchez‐Pachecho, Tracy, Scheifele, Carolin, Schulmeyer, Marion K, Sczesny, Sabine, Sirlopú, David, Smith‐Castro, Vanessa, Soo, Kadri, Spaccatini, Federica, Steele, Jennifer R, Steffens, Melanie C, Sucic, Ines, Vandello, Joseph, Velásquez‐Díaz, Laura Maria, Vink, Melissa, Vives, Eva, Zalalam Warkineh, Turuwark, Žeželj, Iris, Zhang, Xiaoxiao, Zhao, Xian, Martiny, Sarah E, and Jakšić, Ivana M.

Abstract

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women's political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women's (rather than men's) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men's higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men's leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.

Published
2023

31. Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Author

Olsson, Maria I. T., primary, van Grootel, Sanne, additional, Block, Katharina, additional, Schuster, Carolin, additional, Meeussen, Loes, additional, Van Laar, Colette, additional, Schmader, Toni, additional, Croft, Alyssa, additional, Sun, Molly Shuyi, additional, Ainsaar, Mare, additional, Aarntzen, Lianne, additional, Adamus, Magdalena, additional, Anderson, Joel, additional, Atkinson, Ciara, additional, Avicenna, Mohamad, additional, Bąbel, Przemysław, additional, Barth, Markus, additional, Benson‐Greenwald, Tessa M., additional, Maloku, Edona, additional, Berent, Jacques, additional, Bergsieker, Hilary B., additional, Biernat, Monica, additional, Bîrneanu, Andreea G., additional, Bodinaku, Blerta, additional, Bosak, Janine, additional, Bosson, Jennifer, additional, Branković, Marija, additional, Burkauskas, Julius, additional, Čavojová, Vladimíra, additional, Cheryan, Sapna, additional, Choi, Eunsoo, additional, Choi, Incheol, additional, Contreras‐Ibáñez, Carlos C., additional, Coogan, Andrew, additional, Danyliuk, Ivan, additional, Dar‐Nimrod, Ilan, additional, Dasgupta, Nilanjana, additional, de Lemus, Soledad, additional, Devos, Thierry, additional, Diab, Marwan, additional, Diekman, Amanda B., additional, Efremova, Maria, additional, Eisner, Léïla, additional, Eller, Anja, additional, Erentaite, Rasa, additional, Fedáková, Denisa, additional, Franc, Renata, additional, Gartzia, Leire, additional, Gavreliuc, Alin, additional, Gavreliuc, Dana, additional, Gecaite‐Stonciene, Julija, additional, Germano, Adriana L., additional, Giovannelli, Ilaria, additional, Diaz, Renzo Gismondi, additional, Gitikhmayeva, Lyudmila, additional, Gizaw, Abiy Menkir, additional, Gjoneska, Biljana, additional, González, Omar Martínez, additional, González, Roberto, additional, Grijalva, Isaac David, additional, Güngör, Derya, additional, Sendén, Marie Gustafsson, additional, Hall, William, additional, Harb, Charles, additional, Hassan, Bushra, additional, Hässler, Tabea, additional, Hawi, Diala R., additional, Henningsen, Levke, additional, Hoppe, Annedore, additional, Ishii, Keiko, additional, Jakšić, Ivana, additional, Jasini, Alba, additional, Jurkevičienė, Jurgita, additional, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, additional, Kirby, Teri A., additional, Kitakaji, Yoko, additional, Kosakowska‐Berezecka, Natasza, additional, Kozytska, Inna, additional, Kulich, Clara, additional, Kundtová‐Klocová, Eva, additional, Kunuroglu, Filiz, additional, Aidy, Christina Lapytskaia, additional, Lee, Albert, additional, Lindqvist, Anna, additional, López‐López, Wilson, additional, Luzvinda, Liany, additional, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, additional, Martinot, Delphine, additional, McNamara, Rita Anne, additional, Meister, Alyson, additional, Melka, Tizita Lemma, additional, Mickuviene, Narseta, additional, Miranda‐Orrego, María Isabel, additional, Mkamwa, Thadeus, additional, Morandini, James, additional, Morton, Thomas, additional, Mrisho, David, additional, Nikitin, Jana, additional, Otten, Sabine, additional, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, additional, Page‐Gould, Elizabeth, additional, Perandrés, Ana, additional, Pizarro, Jon, additional, Pop‐Jordanova, Nada, additional, Pyrkosz‐Pacyna, Joanna, additional, Quta, Sameir, additional, Ramis, TamilSelvan, additional, Rani, Nitya, additional, Redersdorff, Sandrine, additional, Régner, Isabelle, additional, Renström, Emma A., additional, Rivera‐Rodriguez, Adrian, additional, Rocha, Sánchez Tania Esmeralda, additional, Ryabichenko, Tatiana, additional, Saab, Rim, additional, Sakata, Kiriko, additional, Samekin, Adil, additional, Sánchez‐Pachecho, Tracy, additional, Scheifele, Carolin, additional, Schulmeyer, Marion K., additional, Sczesny, Sabine, additional, Sirlopú, David, additional, Smith‐Castro, Vanessa, additional, Soo, Kadri, additional, Spaccatini, Federica, additional, Steele, Jennifer R., additional, Steffens, Melanie C., additional, Sucic, Ines, additional, Vandello, Joseph, additional, Velásquez‐Díaz, Laura Maria, additional, Vink, Melissa, additional, Vives, Eva, additional, Warkineh, Turuwark Zalalam, additional, Žeželj, Iris, additional, Zhang, Xiaoxiao, additional, Zhao, Xian, additional, and Martiny, Sarah E., additional

Published
2023
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32. Justice in the Eye of the Beholder: How Comparison Framing Affects the Perception of Global Inequality Through Social Emotions and Justice Sensitivity

Author

Schnepf, Julia, Rotzinger, Julia, Bruckmüller, Susanne, Braun, Maike, Reese, Gerhard, and Martiny, Sarah E.

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Social Psychology, global inequality, social justice, Psychology, justice sensitivity, comparison framing, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Global inequality is one of today’s major challenges. How people mentally represent inequality is often determined by the way it is framed. In the present work, we seek to analyze whether putting the comparative focus on the disadvantaged or on the advantaged group affects legitimacy perceptions of, and action intentions against global inequality. Results of two preliminary studies indicated that global inequality is perceived as less legitimate and action intentions are increased when the disadvantaged group is the grammatical subject of the comparison, but only when the size of the economic inequality is perceived to be large (vs. small). In addition, social emotions mediated the relationship between comparative framing and legitimacy perceptions. Building on these preliminary studies, we present a planned large-scale study in which we aim to replicate these effects and to additionally test whether the strength of individuals’ emotional responses to comparative framing is moderated by different dimensions of justice sensitivity. We will discuss findings with regard to the role of how framing elicits certain mental representations of justice.

Published
2023
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33. Framing the Gender Gap in Sport Events - Study 2

Author

Schnepf, Julia, Martiny, Sarah E., Reese, Gerhard, Braun, Maike, and Bruckmüller, Susanne

Subjects
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

In this study, we will examine how framing prize money differences between female and male athletes affects perceptions of the size of prize money differences, fairness, and willingness to do something about it.

Published
2023
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34. MASCULINITY NAVIGATOR – unpacking the relationship between masculine roles, well-being, and gender equality

Author

Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Thorsteinsen, Kjærsti, Martiny, Sarah E., Kine Bjørneby Olsen, Besta, Tomasz, Sobiecki, Jurand, Olsen, Marte, and Celikkol, Göksu

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Health Psychology, Sociology, Social Psychology, Psychology, Gender and Sexuality, Social and Behavioral Sciences, FOS: Sociology
Abstract

Who is a contemporary EQUAMAN – a supporter of gender equality movements? How do men understand gender equality in different cultural contexts? How do boys and men perceive their masculine gender roles? How are gender roles developed throughout adolescence? And how are gender equality and masculine gender roles related to men’s well-being and satisfaction with life? In this 3-year project, a team of interdisciplinary researchers including psychological and sociological scientists from Poland and Norway will focus on the important, though understudied, topic of men’s understanding of gender equality and relationships between masculine gender roles and well-being. More precisely, we will analyse 1) how gender roles and gender equality are related to boys’ and mens’ well-being, and 2) what makes men involved in gender equality movements. This is a novel approach to the topic of masculinity and well-being, and we want to investigate it through different perspectives using a variety of methods – focus group interviews, surveys, experimental studies and educational interventions conducted in schools and at universities. The data collection will take place in Poland and Norway - two countries strongly varying in their level of gender equality. Norway is one of the most gender equal nations in the world in terms of providing equal rights, opportunities, and resources for all genders, while Poland is among the least gender equal countries in the EU (EIGE, 2022). Our project will consist of four work packages focused on different aspects of masculinity: In Work Package 1, we will investigate the role masculinity plays in adolescence in different cultural contexts. More precisely, we will analyse the development of gender role identities in adolescents in Poland and Norway and investigate how it relates to young men’s well-being, satisfaction with life and risky behavior over time. In Work Package 2, we will examine the conditions under which men are willing to contribute to gender equality by taking different actions to support it. In Work Package 3, we will explore how different groups of men, varying in age, cultural origin, and socio-economic status, understand what it means to be a man and what gender equality is. We will also investigate challenges and barriers that might prevent men from becoming involved in gender equality movements. In Work Package 4, we will apply the knowledge gained from Work Packages 1-3 by developing educational interventions. They will be tested among adolescents and young adults, whether information- and science-based interventions can alter young men’s attitudes towards gender roles and gender equality. An important contribution from Work Package 4 will be an open-access manual for educational programs that can be used by professionals to educate young men about the role of gender equality and gender roles for men’s overall well-being. Combining and integrating different disciplines and perspectives in a cross-cultural approach allows us to get a better understanding of the complex ways that men’s gender roles relate to well-being and inequality, both globally and within societies. Our interdisciplinary, scientific team consists of expert investigators involved in four work packages. This carefully assembled team of researchers brings together a broad variety of expertise in different research fields and methods, and will thus allow not only for an innovative and truly interdisciplinary perspective on the topic, but it will also lead to an optimal realization of the project through joint publications in high-impact journals. Our results might furthermore be important in understanding mechanisms relating to gender equality around the world and can be beneficial for global, social change movements interested in increasing men’s and women’s well-being.

Published
2023
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35. Cross-Cultural Analysis of Reactions to Masculinity Threats

Author

Estevan-Reina, Lucía, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, De Lemus, Soledad, Besta, Tomasz, Sobiecki, Jurand, Froehlich, Laura, Martiny, Sarah E., and Bosson, Jennifer

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Social Psychology, Psychology, Multicultural Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Precarious manhood theory states that manhood, relative to womanhood, is widely conceptualized as a social status that is hard to win, easy to lose, and must be proved repeatedly via action (Vandello et al., 2008). Cultures perpetuate beliefs in the precarity of manhood: men are being held to stricter gender rules than women, especially in cultures characterized by greater male-male status struggles (Bosson et al., 2022). After obtaining data from eight culturally diverse countries, we will analyze men's reactions to situations threatening their masculinity. The survey was conducted in 8 countries with varying levels of precarious manhood beliefs, collectivism, and gender equality (Bosson et al.. 2021): Australia, Chile, Germany, Norway, Poland, South Africa, and the United States. 1,310 adult men gave their responses regarding their feelings (i.e. anger, frustration, happiness, and pride) and judgments regarding the level of threat for manhood upon reading each of 9 vignettes detailing situations that may be viewed as masculinity threatening (materials used available at https://osf.io/94u53/). Participants were randomly assigned to two conditions: a situation happening to them or to a male stranger. The content of the scenes was created based on the analysis of qualitative data from our previous study - the situations were created based on qualitative data collection from 62 countries where respondents were given examples of situations in which men can appear unmanly. The situations depicted: - wearing make-up during a work-related videoconference, - walking holding dresses in a clothing store, - crying in public, - female partner faking orgasms, - struggling with the weight of groceries in public, - betraying another man’s trust, - female partner earning more money, - failing at protecting female partner, - being indecisive. After reading through each of the 9 scenarios, respondents were presented with 8 items that measured their sense of manhood being threatened. The dependent variable will be a factor score for each participant based on the CFA output (factors presented in the "Dependent variables" section), using items presented after each scene (e.g. "This situation makes me feel angry"). We plan to conduct measurement invariance to validate the use of our newly developed tool for cross-cultural analyses and then compare means across countries.

Published
2023
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40. Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models

Author

Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, primary, Bosson, Jennifer K., additional, Jurek, Paweł, additional, Besta, Tomasz, additional, Olech, Michał, additional, Vandello, Joseph A., additional, Bender, Michael, additional, Dandy, Justine, additional, Hoorens, Vera, additional, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, additional, Mankowski, Eric, additional, Venäläinen, Satu, additional, Abuhamdeh, Sami, additional, Agyemang, Collins Badu, additional, Akbaş, Gülçin, additional, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, additional, Ammirati, Soline, additional, Anderson, Joel, additional, Anjum, Gulnaz, additional, Ariyanto, Amarina, additional, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., additional, Ashraf, Mujeeba, additional, Bakaitytė, Aistė, additional, Becker, Maja, additional, Bertolli, Chiara, additional, Bërxulli, Dashamir, additional, Best, Deborah L., additional, Bi, Chongzeng, additional, Block, Katharina, additional, Boehnke, Mandy, additional, Bongiorno, Renata, additional, Bosak, Janine, additional, Casini, Annalisa, additional, Chen, Qingwei, additional, Chi, Peilian, additional, Cubela Adoric, Vera, additional, Daalmans, Serena, additional, de Lemus, Soledad, additional, Dhakal, Sandesh, additional, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, additional, Egami, Sonoko, additional, Etchezahar, Edgardo, additional, Esteves, Carla Sofia, additional, Froehlich, Laura, additional, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, additional, Gavreliuc, Alin, additional, Gavreliuc, Dana, additional, Gomez, Ángel, additional, Guizzo, Francesca, additional, Graf, Sylvie, additional, Greijdanus, Hedy, additional, Grigoryan, Ani, additional, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, additional, Guerch, Keltouma, additional, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, additional, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, additional, Hämer, Hannah, additional, Hirai, Mika, additional, Hoang Duc, Lam, additional, Hřebíčková, Martina, additional, Hutchings, Paul B., additional, Jensen, Dorthe Høj, additional, Karabati, Serdar, additional, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, additional, Kengyel, Gabriella, additional, Khachatryan, Narine, additional, Ghazzawi, Rawan, additional, Kinahan, Mary, additional, Kirby, Teri A., additional, Kovacs, Monika, additional, Kozlowski, Desiree, additional, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, additional, Kryś, Kuba, additional, Kulich, Clara, additional, Kurosawa, Tai, additional, Lac An, Nhan Thi, additional, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, additional, Lauri, Mary Anne, additional, Latu, Ioana, additional, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, additional, Li, Junyi, additional, Lindner, Jana, additional, Lindqvist, Anna, additional, Maitner, Angela T., additional, Makarova, Elena, additional, Makashvili, Ana, additional, Malayeri, Shera, additional, Malik, Sadia, additional, Mancini, Tiziana, additional, Manzi, Claudia, additional, Mari, Silvia, additional, Martiny, Sarah E., additional, Mayer, Claude-Hélène, additional, Mihić, Vladimir, additional, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, additional, Moreno-Bella, Eva, additional, Moscatelli, Silvia, additional, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, additional, Muller, Dominique, additional, Narhetali, Erita, additional, Neto, Félix, additional, Noels, Kimberly A., additional, Nyúl, Boglárka, additional, O’Connor, Emma C., additional, Ochoa, Danielle P., additional, Ohno, Sachiko, additional, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, additional, Osborne, Randall, additional, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, additional, Palacio, Jorge, additional, Patnaik, Snigdha, additional, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, additional, de León, Pablo Pérez, additional, Piterová, Ivana, additional, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, additional, Puzio, Angelica, additional, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, additional, Rentería Pérez, Erico, additional, Renström, Emma, additional, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, additional, Ryan, Michelle K., additional, Safdar, Saba, additional, Sainz, Mario, additional, Salvati, Marco, additional, Samekin, Adil, additional, Schindler, Simon, additional, Sevincer, A. Timur, additional, Seydi, Masoumeh, additional, Shepherd, Debra, additional, Sherbaji, Sara, additional, Schmader, Toni, additional, Simão, Cláudia, additional, Sobhie, Rosita, additional, Sobiecki, Jurand, additional, De Souza, Lucille, additional, Sarter, Emma, additional, Sulejmanović, Dijana, additional, Sullivan, Katie E., additional, Tatsumi, Mariko, additional, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, additional, Thakur, Suparna Jain, additional, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, additional, Torre, Beatriz, additional, Torres, Ana, additional, Torres, Claudio V., additional, Türkoğlu, Beril, additional, Ungaretti, Joaquín, additional, Valshtein, Timothy, additional, Van Laar, Colette, additional, van der Noll, Jolanda, additional, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, additional, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, additional, Vohra, Neharika, additional, Walentynowicz, Marta, additional, Ward, Colleen, additional, Włodarczyk, Anna, additional, Yang, Yaping, additional, Yzerbyt, Vincent, additional, Zanello, Valeska, additional, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, additional, Zawisza, Magdalena, additional, Žukauskienė, Rita, additional, and Żadkowska, Magdalena, additional

Published
2022
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41. Does the Stereotypicality of Mothers’ Occupation Influence Children’s Communal Occupational Aspirations and Communal Orientation?

Author

Kvalø, Marie, Olsen, Marte, Thorsteinsen, Kjærsti, Olsson, Maria, Martiny, Sarah E., and Martiny, Sarah E.

Subjects
VDP::Social science: 200::Psychology: 260::Developmental psychology: 265, VDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Psykologi: 260::Utviklingspsykologi: 265, behavior and behavior mechanisms
Abstract

Career development is a lifelong process that starts in infancy and is shaped by a number of different factors during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Even though career development is shaped through life, relatively little is known about the predictors of occupational aspirations in childhood. Therefore, in the present work we investigate how the stereotypicality of a mother’s occupation (female-dominated/communal vs. non-femaledominated/agentic) influences her young child’s communal occupational aspirations and communal orientation. We conducted two studies with young children. Study 1 included 72 mother–child dyads recruited from childcare centers in Northern Norway (children’s age range: 4½–6years). Study 2 included 106 mother–child dyads recruited from Norwegian elementary schools (children’s age range: 6 to 13years). Results from Study 1 showed that the stereotypicality of mothers’ occupation was related to their children’s communal occupational aspirations and children’s communal orientation. In contrast to our predictions and results from Study 1, the stereotypicality of mothers’ occupation was not significantly related to children’s communal occupational aspirations nor their communal orientation in Study 2. In both studies, we found no relationship between mothers’ gender attitudes or share of child care and children’s communal occupational aspirations. The results are discussed in terms of parents’ influence on children’s development of occupational aspirations.

Published
2022

42. Students' Emotions during Homework: Structures, Self-Concept Antecedents, and Achievement Outcomes

Author

Goetz, Thomas, Nett, Ulrike E., Martiny, Sarah E., Hall, Nathan C., Pekrun, Reinhard, Dettmers, Swantje, and Trautwein, Ulrich

Abstract

In the present study (N = 553; 8th and 11th grade students; 52% female) we investigated students' enjoyment, pride, anxiety, anger, and boredom while completing homework (homework emotions), and contrasted these emotions with those experienced during class (classroom emotions). Both homework emotions and classroom emotions were assessed separately for the domains of mathematics, physics, German, and English. Our hypotheses were based on propositions of the control-value theory of achievement emotions (Pekrun, 2006), Marsh and Ayotte's (2003) differential distinctiveness hypothesis, and previous empirical findings. In line with our assumptions, observed correlations between homework emotions and classroom emotions suggested that the emotions experienced in the two settings should be assessed separately. Within domains, both homework emotions and classroom emotions showed clear linkages with students' academic self-concept and achievement outcomes, with self-concept being slightly more strongly related to classroom emotions. Between-domain relations of emotions were significantly stronger for homework emotions as compared to classroom emotions, likely due to the relative situational homogeneity of homework settings across domains. Further, between-domain relations for emotions in both settings were weaker in 11th grade students, whereas within-domain relations did not differ as a function of age. Implications for research and educational practice are discussed. (Contains 1 table.)

Published
2012
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46. Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models

Author

Kosakowska-Berezecka, N, Bosson, J, Jurek, P, Besta, T, Olech, M, Vandello, J, Bender, M, Dandy, J, Hoorens, V, Jasinskaja-Lahti, I, Mankowski, E, Venäläinen, S, Abuhamdeh, S, Agyemang, C, Akbaş, G, Albayrak-Aydemir, N, Ammirati, S, Anderson, J, Anjum, G, Ariyanto, A, Aruta, J, Ashraf, M, Bakaitytė, A, Becker, M, Bertolli, C, Bërxulli, D, Best, D, Bi, C, Block, K, Boehnke, M, Bongiorno, R, Bosak, J, Casini, A, Chen, Q, Chi, P, Cubela Adoric, V, Daalmans, S, de Lemus, S, Dhakal, S, Dvorianchikov, N, Egami, S, Etchezahar, E, Esteves, C, Froehlich, L, Garcia-Sanchez, E, Gavreliuc, A, Gavreliuc, D, Gomez, Á, Guizzo, F, Graf, S, Greijdanus, H, Grigoryan, A, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, J, Guerch, K, Gustafsson Sendén, M, Hale, M, Hämer, H, Hirai, M, Hoang Duc, L, Hřebíčková, M, Hutchings, P, Jensen, D, Karabati, S, Kelmendi, K, Kengyel, G, Khachatryan, N, Ghazzawi, R, Kinahan, M, Kirby, T, Kovacs, M, Kozlowski, D, Krivoshchekov, V, Kryś, K, Kulich, C, Kurosawa, T, Lac An, N, Labarthe-Carrara, J, Lauri, M, Latu, I, Lawal, A, Li, J, Lindner, J, Lindqvist, A, Maitner, A, Makarova, E, Makashvili, A, Malayeri, S, Malik, S, Mancini, T, Manzi, C, Mari, S, Martiny, S, Mayer, C, Mihić, V, Miloševićđorđević, J, Moreno-Bella, E, Moscatelli, S, Moynihan, A, Muller, D, Narhetali, E, Neto, F, Noels, K, Nyúl, B, O’Connor, E, Ochoa, D, Ohno, S, Olanrewaju Adebayo, S, Osborne, R, Pacilli, M, Palacio, J, Patnaik, S, Pavlopoulos, V, de León, P, Piterová, I, Porto, J, Puzio, A, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Rentería Pérez, E, Renström, E, Rousseaux, T, Ryan, M, Safdar, S, Sainz, M, Salvati, M, Samekin, A, Schindler, S, Sevincer, A, Seydi, M, Shepherd, D, Sherbaji, S, Schmader, T, Simão, C, Sobhie, R, Sobiecki, J, De Souza, L, Sarter, E, Sulejmanović, D, Sullivan, K, Tatsumi, M, Tavitian-Elmadjian, L, Thakur, S, Thi Mong Chi, Q, Torre, B, Torres, A, Torres, C, Türkoğlu, B, Ungaretti, J, Valshtein, T, Van Laar, C, van der Noll, J, Vasiutynskyi, V, Vauclair, C, Vohra, N, Walentynowicz, M, Ward, C, Włodarczyk, A, Yang, Y, Yzerbyt, V, Zanello, V, Zapata-Calvente, A, Zawisza, M, Žukauskienė, R, Żadkowska, M, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Besta, Tomasz, Olech, Michał, Vandello, Joseph A., Bender, Michael, Dandy, Justine, Hoorens, Vera, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Mankowski, Eric, Venäläinen, Satu, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Becker, Maja, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Best, Deborah L., Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kryś, Kuba, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, Lauri, Mary Anne, Latu, Ioana, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, de León, Pablo Pérez, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Safdar, Saba, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Sevincer, A. Timur, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Sobiecki, Jurand, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Thakur, Suparna Jain, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zawisza, Magdalena, Žukauskienė, Rita, Żadkowska, Magdalena, Kosakowska-Berezecka, N, Bosson, J, Jurek, P, Besta, T, Olech, M, Vandello, J, Bender, M, Dandy, J, Hoorens, V, Jasinskaja-Lahti, I, Mankowski, E, Venäläinen, S, Abuhamdeh, S, Agyemang, C, Akbaş, G, Albayrak-Aydemir, N, Ammirati, S, Anderson, J, Anjum, G, Ariyanto, A, Aruta, J, Ashraf, M, Bakaitytė, A, Becker, M, Bertolli, C, Bërxulli, D, Best, D, Bi, C, Block, K, Boehnke, M, Bongiorno, R, Bosak, J, Casini, A, Chen, Q, Chi, P, Cubela Adoric, V, Daalmans, S, de Lemus, S, Dhakal, S, Dvorianchikov, N, Egami, S, Etchezahar, E, Esteves, C, Froehlich, L, Garcia-Sanchez, E, Gavreliuc, A, Gavreliuc, D, Gomez, Á, Guizzo, F, Graf, S, Greijdanus, H, Grigoryan, A, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, J, Guerch, K, Gustafsson Sendén, M, Hale, M, Hämer, H, Hirai, M, Hoang Duc, L, Hřebíčková, M, Hutchings, P, Jensen, D, Karabati, S, Kelmendi, K, Kengyel, G, Khachatryan, N, Ghazzawi, R, Kinahan, M, Kirby, T, Kovacs, M, Kozlowski, D, Krivoshchekov, V, Kryś, K, Kulich, C, Kurosawa, T, Lac An, N, Labarthe-Carrara, J, Lauri, M, Latu, I, Lawal, A, Li, J, Lindner, J, Lindqvist, A, Maitner, A, Makarova, E, Makashvili, A, Malayeri, S, Malik, S, Mancini, T, Manzi, C, Mari, S, Martiny, S, Mayer, C, Mihić, V, Miloševićđorđević, J, Moreno-Bella, E, Moscatelli, S, Moynihan, A, Muller, D, Narhetali, E, Neto, F, Noels, K, Nyúl, B, O’Connor, E, Ochoa, D, Ohno, S, Olanrewaju Adebayo, S, Osborne, R, Pacilli, M, Palacio, J, Patnaik, S, Pavlopoulos, V, de León, P, Piterová, I, Porto, J, Puzio, A, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J, Rentería Pérez, E, Renström, E, Rousseaux, T, Ryan, M, Safdar, S, Sainz, M, Salvati, M, Samekin, A, Schindler, S, Sevincer, A, Seydi, M, Shepherd, D, Sherbaji, S, Schmader, T, Simão, C, Sobhie, R, Sobiecki, J, De Souza, L, Sarter, E, Sulejmanović, D, Sullivan, K, Tatsumi, M, Tavitian-Elmadjian, L, Thakur, S, Thi Mong Chi, Q, Torre, B, Torres, A, Torres, C, Türkoğlu, B, Ungaretti, J, Valshtein, T, Van Laar, C, van der Noll, J, Vasiutynskyi, V, Vauclair, C, Vohra, N, Walentynowicz, M, Ward, C, Włodarczyk, A, Yang, Y, Yzerbyt, V, Zanello, V, Zapata-Calvente, A, Zawisza, M, Žukauskienė, R, Żadkowska, M, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Besta, Tomasz, Olech, Michał, Vandello, Joseph A., Bender, Michael, Dandy, Justine, Hoorens, Vera, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Mankowski, Eric, Venäläinen, Satu, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Becker, Maja, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Best, Deborah L., Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kryś, Kuba, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, Lauri, Mary Anne, Latu, Ioana, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, de León, Pablo Pérez, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Safdar, Saba, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Sevincer, A. Timur, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Sobiecki, Jurand, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Thakur, Suparna Jain, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zawisza, Magdalena, Žukauskienė, Rita, and Żadkowska, Magdalena

Abstract

Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.

Published
2022

49. sj-docx-1-jbd-10.1177_01650254221121842 – Supplemental material for What do I want to be? Predictors of communal occupational aspirations in early to middle childhood

Author

Olsen, Marte, Olsson, Maria I. T., Parks-Stamm, Elizabeth J., Kvalø, Marie, Thorsteinsen, Kjærsti, Steffens, Melanie C., and Martiny, Sarah E.

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jbd-10.1177_01650254221121842 for What do I want to be? Predictors of communal occupational aspirations in early to middle childhood by Marte Olsen, Maria I. T. Olsson, Elizabeth J. Parks-Stamm, Marie Kvalø, Kjærsti Thorsteinsen, Melanie C. Steffens and Sarah E. Martiny in International Journal of Behavioral Development

Published
2022
Full Text
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50. sj-docx-1-spp-10.1177_19485506221129687 – Supplemental material for Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models

Author

Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza, Bosson, Jennifer K., Jurek, Paweł, Besta, Tomasz, Olech, Michał, Vandello, Joseph A., Bender, Michael, Dandy, Justine, Hoorens, Vera, Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga, Mankowski, Eric, Venäläinen, Satu, Abuhamdeh, Sami, Agyemang, Collins Badu, Akbaş, Gülçin, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Ammirati, Soline, Anderson, Joel, Anjum, Gulnaz, Ariyanto, Amarina, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Ashraf, Mujeeba, Bakaitytė, Aistė, Becker, Maja, Bertolli, Chiara, Bërxulli, Dashamir, Best, Deborah L., Bi, Chongzeng, Block, Katharina, Boehnke, Mandy, Bongiorno, Renata, Bosak, Janine, Casini, Annalisa, Chen, Qingwei, Chi, Peilian, Cubela Adoric, Vera, Daalmans, Serena, de Lemus, Soledad, Dhakal, Sandesh, Dvorianchikov, Nikolay, Egami, Sonoko, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Froehlich, Laura, Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gomez, Ángel, Guizzo, Francesca, Graf, Sylvie, Greijdanus, Hedy, Grigoryan, Ani, Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna, Guerch, Keltouma, Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Hale, Miriam-Linnea, Hämer, Hannah, Hirai, Mika, Hoang Duc, Lam, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hutchings, Paul B., Jensen, Dorthe Høj, Karabati, Serdar, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Kengyel, Gabriella, Khachatryan, Narine, Ghazzawi, Rawan, Kinahan, Mary, Kirby, Teri A., Kovacs, Monika, Kozlowski, Desiree, Krivoshchekov, Vladislav, Kryś, Kuba, Kulich, Clara, Kurosawa, Tai, Lac An, Nhan Thi, Labarthe-Carrara, Javier, Lauri, Mary Anne, Latu, Ioana, Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, Li, Junyi, Lindner, Jana, Lindqvist, Anna, Maitner, Angela T., Makarova, Elena, Makashvili, Ana, Malayeri, Shera, Malik, Sadia, Mancini, Tiziana, Manzi, Claudia, Mari, Silvia, Martiny, Sarah E., Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Mihić, Vladimir, MiloševićĐorđević, Jasna, Moreno-Bella, Eva, Moscatelli, Silvia, Moynihan, Andrew Bryan, Muller, Dominique, Narhetali, Erita, Neto, Félix, Noels, Kimberly A., Nyúl, Boglárka, O’Connor, Emma C., Ochoa, Danielle P., Ohno, Sachiko, Olanrewaju Adebayo, Sulaiman, Osborne, Randall, Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina, Palacio, Jorge, Patnaik, Snigdha, Pavlopoulos, Vassilis, de León, Pablo Pérez, Piterová, Ivana, Porto, Juliana Barreiros, Puzio, Angelica, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rentería Pérez, Erico, Renström, Emma, Rousseaux, Tiphaine, Ryan, Michelle K., Safdar, Saba, Sainz, Mario, Salvati, Marco, Samekin, Adil, Schindler, Simon, Sevincer, A. Timur, Seydi, Masoumeh, Shepherd, Debra, Sherbaji, Sara, Schmader, Toni, Simão, Cláudia, Sobhie, Rosita, Sobiecki, Jurand, De Souza, Lucille, Sarter, Emma, Sulejmanović, Dijana, Sullivan, Katie E., Tatsumi, Mariko, Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy, Thakur, Suparna Jain, Thi Mong Chi, Quang, Torre, Beatriz, Torres, Ana, Torres, Claudio V., Türkoğlu, Beril, Ungaretti, Joaquín, Valshtein, Timothy, Van Laar, Colette, van der Noll, Jolanda, Vasiutynskyi, Vadym, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vohra, Neharika, Walentynowicz, Marta, Ward, Colleen, Włodarczyk, Anna, Yang, Yaping, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Zanello, Valeska, Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila, Zawisza, Magdalena, Žukauskienė, Rita, and Żadkowska, Magdalena

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-spp-10.1177_19485506221129687 for Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models by Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Jennifer K. Bosson, Paweł Jurek, Tomasz Besta, Michał Olech, Joseph A. Vandello, Michael Bender, Justine Dandy, Vera Hoorens, Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti, Eric Mankowski, Satu Venäläinen, Sami Abuhamdeh, Collins Badu Agyemang, Gülçin Akbaş, Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir, Soline Ammirati, Joel Anderson, Gulnaz Anjum, Amarina Ariyanto, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Mujeeba Ashraf, Aistė Bakaitytė, Maja Becker, Chiara Bertolli, Dashamir Bërxulli, Deborah L. Best, Chongzeng Bi, Katharina Block, Mandy Boehnke, Renata Bongiorno, Janine Bosak, Annalisa Casini, Qingwei Chen, Peilian Chi, Vera Cubela Adoric, Serena Daalmans, Soledad de Lemus, Sandesh Dhakal, Nikolay Dvorianchikov, Sonoko Egami, Edgardo Etchezahar, Carla Sofia Esteves, Laura Froehlich, Efrain Garcia-Sanchez, Alin Gavreliuc, Dana Gavreliuc, Ángel Gomez, Francesca Guizzo, Sylvie Graf, Hedy Greijdanus, Ani Grigoryan, Joanna Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Keltouma Guerch, Marie Gustafsson Sendén, Miriam-Linnea Hale, Hannah Hämer, Mika Hirai, Lam Hoang Duc, Martina Hřebíčková, Paul B. Hutchings, Dorthe Høj Jensen, Serdar Karabati, Kaltrina Kelmendi, Gabriella Kengyel, Narine Khachatryan, Rawan Ghazzawi, Mary Kinahan, Teri A. Kirby, Monika Kovacs, Desiree Kozlowski, Vladislav Krivoshchekov, Kuba Kryś, Clara Kulich, Tai Kurosawa, Nhan Thi Lac An, Javier Labarthe-Carrara, Mary Anne Lauri, Ioana Latu, Abiodun Musbau Lawal, Junyi Li, Jana Lindner, Anna Lindqvist, Angela T. Maitner, Elena Makarova, Ana Makashvili, Shera Malayeri, Sadia Malik, Tiziana Mancini, Claudia Manzi, Silvia Mari, Sarah E. Martiny, Claude-Hélène Mayer, Vladimir Mihić, Jasna MiloševićĐorđević, Eva Moreno-Bella, Silvia Moscatelli, Andrew Bryan Moynihan, Dominique Muller, Erita Narhetali, Félix Neto, Kimberly A. Noels, Boglárka Nyúl, Emma C. O’Connor, Danielle P. Ochoa, Sachiko Ohno, Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo, Randall Osborne, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli, Jorge Palacio, Snigdha Patnaik, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Pablo Pérez de León, Ivana Piterová, Juliana Barreiros Porto, Angelica Puzio, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Erico Rentería Pérez, Emma Renström, Tiphaine Rousseaux, Michelle K. Ryan, Saba Safdar, Mario Sainz, Marco Salvati, Adil Samekin, Simon Schindler, A. Timur Sevincer, Masoumeh Seydi, Debra Shepherd, Sara Sherbaji, Toni Schmader, Cláudia Simão, Rosita Sobhie, Jurand Sobiecki, Lucille De Souza, Emma Sarter, Dijana Sulejmanović, Katie E. Sullivan, Mariko Tatsumi, Lucy Tavitian-Elmadjian, Suparna Jain Thakur, Quang Thi Mong Chi, Beatriz Torre, Ana Torres, Claudio V. Torres, Beril Türkoğlu, Joaquín Ungaretti, Timothy Valshtein, Colette Van Laar, Jolanda van der Noll, Vadym Vasiutynskyi, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Neharika Vohra, Marta Walentynowicz, Colleen Ward, Anna Włodarczyk, Yaping Yang, Vincent Yzerbyt, Valeska Zanello, Antonella Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, Magdalena Zawisza, Rita Žukauskienė and Magdalena Żadkowska in Social Psychological and Personality Science

Published
2022
Full Text
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