36 results on '"Martis M"'
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2. In situ and ex situ characterization studies of transition metal containing nanoporous catalysts
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Martis, M.
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540 - Abstract
The research within this thesis has concentrated around characterization of nanoporous catalysts with metals incorporated or substituted inside the framework, and inside the cavities as small clusters, and in very low concentrations. The main objective has been to advance the understanding of the structure and active sites, and relate them to their catalytic properties through the use of combination in situ and ex situ methods and in some cases combination with optical spectroscopic techniques. Characterisation methods include synchrotron radiation based techniques, high-resolution powder diffraction (HRPD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and laboratory based X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Raman Spectroscopy (RS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM A combination of techniques is used to investigate cobalt substituted AlPO-18 prepared by different compositions. The determination of the nature of cobalt ions, in particular their location in the samples was carried by XAS. Additionally, a new in situ IR cell was developed which allowed to determine the nature of the redox chemistry of cobalt ions in the samples. Structural changes during calcinations and methanol to olefins reaction (MTO) were studied on transition metals substituted (Co, Zn, Si) small pore AlPO-18. Using diffraction methods it was possible to accurately determine the changes in the lattice parameters and correlate this with metal ion incorporation into the lattice, and also determine the negative thermal properties of these materials prior to catalytic reactions; the study also allowed us to follow their stability during calcination. High energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD PDF method) measurements gave an insight into the direction of possible lattice contraction during calcination which may be related to shape-selective catalytic properties of these solids. Characterization of a series of vanadium containing ZSM-5 was carried by in situ XAS and Raman spectroscopy. The catalytic activity was very different, and detailed understanding of the vanadium environment using XAS and Raman spectroscopy provided an insight into the nature of vanadium ions in the zeolites. In the last part of the thesis, a series of platinum impregnated zeolite beta and ferrierite were characterized to understand how the nano clustered platinum metal particles (active centres) were created during activation, and the study also allowed us to estimate the size and sitting of the platinum cluster inside the zeolite lattice.
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- 2011
3. Aufklärungspflicht des Geburtshelfers über die Gebotenheit einer Sectio: Verweigerung geburtshilflich gebotener Eingriffe durch die Schwangere (mit Behandlungsempfehlungen für den Geburtshelfer)
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Martis, R. and Winkhart-Martis, M.
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- 2016
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4. Mangkoan Sound: the Concept of Traditional Talempong Prohibition in Luhak nan Tigo Minangkabau
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Martis Martis, Yunaidi Yunaidi, Andar Indra Sastra, Syahri Anton, and Nurwani Nurwani
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mangkoan sound ,adjustment talempong tradition ,luhak nan tigo minangakabau. ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 - Abstract
Aesthetically, the aim of this research is to reveal the musical taste and musical standards of tuo talempong in alignment talempong tradition – mangkoan sound. By ontology and epistemology; form music talempong in life public Already Lots revealed by the researchers previously. However there are one component important that hasn't been touched by researchers, which is related to draft alignment talempong tradition in Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. Principle base alignment talempong related with the musical taste and musical standards of the tuo (elders) of talempong in Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. Based on qualitative research principles; The researcher becomes the main instrument in collecting research data,includinginitial study and problem analysis, primary data collection through participant observers – ethnography, in-depth interviews – free and structured, documentation, and data analysis.The analysis was carried out on musical taste and musical standards that were found in the field. Research results show that ' mangkoan the sound ' is A draft alignment talempong tradition in Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. hrough musical sensitivity, tuo talempong in Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau created the concept of mangkoan sounds (tala - tuning system) to identify the high and low sounds of jantan-batino talempong.
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- 2024
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5. Anti-mycobacterial activity correlates with altered DNA methylation pattern in immune cells from BCG-vaccinated subjects
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Verma, D., Parasa, V.R., Raffetseder, J., Martis, M., Mehta, R.B., Netea, M.G., and Lerm, M.
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lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 177481.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The reason for the largely variable protective effect against TB of the vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is not understood. In this study, we investigated whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the response of immune cells to the BCG vaccine. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from BCG-vaccinated subjects and performed global DNA methylation analysis in combination with functional assays representative of innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Enhanced containment of replication was observed in monocyte-derived macrophages from a sub-group of BCG-vaccinated individuals (identified as 'responders'). A stable and robust differential DNA methylation pattern in response to BCG could be observed in PBMCs isolated from the responders but not from the non-responders. Gene ontology analysis revealed that promoters with altered DNA methylation pattern were strongly enriched among genes belonging to immune pathways in responders, however no enrichments could be observed in the non-responders. Our findings suggest that BCG-induced epigenetic reprogramming of immune cell function can enhance anti-mycobacterial immunity in macrophages. Understanding why BCG induces this response in responders but not in non-responders could provide clues to improvement of TB vaccine efficacy.
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- 2017
6. Ancient hybridizations among the ancestral genomes of bread wheat
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Marcussen, T., Sandve, S., Heier, L., Spannagl, M., Pfeifer, M., Jakobsen, K., Wulff, B., Steuernagel, B., Mayer, K., Olsen, O.-A., Rogers, J., Dole el, J., Pozniak, C., Eversole, K., Feuillet, C., Gill, B., Friebe, B., Lukaszewski, A., Sourdille, Pierre, Endo, T., Kubalakova, M., ihalikova, J., Dubska, Z., Vrana, J., perkova, R., imkova, H., Febrer, M., Clissold, L., McLay, K., Singh, K., Chhuneja, P., Singh, N., Khurana, J., Akhunov, E., Choulet, F., Alberti, A., Barbe, Valérie, Wincker, P., Kanamori, H., Kobayashi, F., Itoh, T., Matsumoto, T., Sakai, H., Tanaka, T., Wu, J., Ogihara, Y., Handa, H., Maclachlan, P., Sharpe, A., Klassen, D., Edwards, D., Batley, J., Lien, S., Caccamo, M., Ayling, S., Ramirez-Gonzalez, R., Clavijo, B., Wright, J., Martis, M., Mascher, M., Chapman, J., Poland, J., Scholz, U., Barry, K., Waugh, R., Rokhsar, D., Muehlbauer, G., Stein, N., Gundlach, H., Zytnicki, M., Jamilloux, V., Quesneville, H., Wicker, T., Faccioli, P., Colaiacovo, M., Stanca, A., Budak, H., Cattivelli, L., Glover, N., Pingault, L., Paux, E., Sharma, S., Appels, R., Bellgard, M., Chapman, B., Nussbaumer, T., Bader, K., Rimbert, H., Wang, S., Knox, R., Kilian, A., Alaux, M., Alfama, F., Couderc, L., Guilhot, N., Viseux, C., Loaec, M., Keller, B., Praud, S., Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Helmholtz Centre Munich, Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), John Innes Centre [Norwich], Eversole Associates, Bayer Corporation, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IEB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi [Catania] (IMM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Structure et évolution des génomes (SEG), CNS-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio per la Ricerca e Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Climate Research Division [Toronto], Environment and Climate Change Canada, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum, BIOGEMMA, Centre de Recherche de Chappes, Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd (DArT P/L), Institute of plant biology, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Research Council of Norway 199387Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/J003166/1,BBS/E/T/000PR6193National Science Foundation (NSF) - Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering (CISE) 1126709, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Oslo (UiO), The Sainsbury Laboratory (TSL), and Norwegian Research Council 199387
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0106 biological sciences ,TRITICUM ,GENES ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Biology ,Genes, Plant ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Evolution, Molecular ,Polyploidy ,[SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Polyploid ,Phylogenetics ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Gene ,DRAFT GENOME ,Phylogeny ,AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,Phylogenetic tree ,A-GENOME ,myr ,food and beverages ,Bread ,EVOLUTION ,ALIGNMENT ,DOMESTICATION ,Hybridization, Genetic ,Hybrid speciation ,Ploidy ,Genome, Plant ,010606 plant biology & botany ,PACKAGE - Abstract
International audience; The allohexaploid bread wheat genome consists of three closely related subgenomes (A, B, and D), but a clear understanding of their phylogenetic history has been lacking. We used genome assemblies of bread wheat and five diploid relatives to analyze genome-wide samples of gene trees, as well as to estimate evolutionary relatedness and divergence times. We show that the A and B genomes diverged from a common ancestor similar to 7 million years ago and that these genomes gave rise to the D genome through homoploid hybrid speciation 1 to 2 million years later. Our findings imply that the present-day bread wheat genome is a product of multiple rounds of hybrid speciation (homoploid and polyploid) and lay the foundation for a new framework for understanding the wheat genome as a multilevel phylogenetic mosaic.
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- 2014
7. A physical, genetic and functional sequence assembly of the barley genome
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Mayer, Kf, Waugh, R, Langridge, P, Close, Tj, Wise, Rp, Graner, A, Matsumoto, T, Sato, K, Schulman, A, Muehlbauer, Gj, Stein, N, Ariyadasa, R, Schulte, D, Poursarebani, N, Zhou, R, Steuernagel, B, Mascher, M, Scholz, U, Shi, B, Madishetty, K, Svensson, Jt, Bhat, P, Moscou, M, Resnik, J, Hedley, P, Liu, H, Morris, J, Frenkel, Z, Korol, A, Bergès, H, Taudien, S, Felder, M, Groth, M, Platzer, M, Himmelbach, A, Lonardi, S, Duma, D, Alpert, M, Cordero, Francesca, Beccuti, Marco, Ciardo, G, Ma, Y, Wanamaker, S, Cattonaro, F, Vendramin, V, Scalabrin, S, Radovic, S, Wing, R, Morgante, M, Nussbaumer, T, Gundlach, H, Martis, M, Poland, J, Spannagl, M, Pfeifer, M, Moisy, C, Tanskanen, J, Zuccolo, A, Russell, J, Druka, A, Marshall, D, Bayer, M, Swarbreck, D, Sampath, D, Ayling, S, Febrer, M, Caccamo, M, Tanaka, T, Wannamaker, S, Schmutzer, T, Brown, Jw, Fincher, Gb, Stein, N., MIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), The James Hutton Institute, University of Adelaide, Iowa State University (ISU), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Partenaires INRAE, Okayama University, University of Helsinki, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Inst Evolut, University of Haifa [Haifa], German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [0314000], Leibniz Association, European project of the 7th framework programme 'TriticeaeGenome', Austrian Wissenschaftsfond (FWF) [SFB F3705], ERA-NET PG project 'BARCODE', Scottish Government/BBSRC [BB/100663X/1], National Science Foundation [DBI 0321756, DBI-1062301], USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722], Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Plant Genome, Genetics and Breeding Program of USDA-CSREES-NIFA [2009-65300-05645], BRAIN and NBRP-Japan, and Japanese MAFF [TRG1008]
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0106 biological sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Sequence assembly ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,MESSENGER-RNA DECAY ,Multidisciplinary ,food and beverages ,Genomics ,ARABIDOPSIS ,Physical Chromosome Mapping ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,Codon, Nonsense ,MAP ,HORDEUM-VULGARE L ,Genome, Plant ,EXPRESSION ,Crops, Agricultural ,Sequence analysis ,Computational biology ,Biology ,MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS ,Genes, Plant ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Plant sciences ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,REVEALS ,RICE ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,Comparative genomics ,Hordeum ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,15. Life on land ,EVOLUTION ,Alternative Splicing ,NONCODING RNAS ,Hordeum vulgare ,Transcriptome ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the world's earliest domesticated and most important crop plants. It is diploid with a large haploid genome of 5.1 gigabases (Gb). Here we present an integrated and ordered physical, genetic and functional sequence resource that describes the barley gene-space in a structured whole-genome context. We developed a physical map of 4.98 Gb, with more than 3.90 Gb anchored to a high-resolution genetic map. Projecting a deep whole-genome shotgun assembly, complementary DNA and deep RNA sequence data onto this framework supports 79,379 transcript clusters, including 26,159 'high-confidence' genes with homology support from other plant genomes. Abundant alternative splicing, premature termination codons and novel transcriptionally active regions suggest that post-transcriptional processing forms an important regulatory layer. Survey sequences from diverse accessions reveal a landscape of extensive single-nucleotide variation. Our data provide a platform for both genome-assisted research and enabling contemporary crop improvement.
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- 2012
8. Investigation of Pd nanoparticles supported on zeolites for hydrogen production from formic acid dehydrogenation
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Navlani-García, M., primary, Martis, M., additional, Lozano-Castelló, D., additional, Cazorla-Amorós, D., additional, Mori, K., additional, and Yamashita, H., additional
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- 2015
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9. Ecological Models in the Land-use Policy-Making Process
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Martis, M., primary
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- 1981
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10. Co-Location of Brown Grease to Biodiesel Production Facility at the Oceanside Wastewater Treatment Plant in San Francisco, CA
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Jolis, D., primary, Loiacono, J., additional, Kwan, L., additional, Sierra, N., additional, Ving, K., additional, and Martis, M., additional
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- 2010
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11. Investigation of Pd nanoparticles supported on zeolites for hydrogen production from formic acid dehydrogenation
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Navlani-García, M., Martis, M., Lozano-Castelló, D., Cazorla-Amorós, D., Mori, K., and Yamashita, H.
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Catalysts based on palladium nanoparticles supported on different zeolites (BETA, ZSM-5 and Y) were prepared and their catalytic performance in formic acid dehydrogenation was studied. The effects of the zeolite structure and porous texture on the catalytic activity were investigated by comparing the behaviour of these samples. The results revealed that the samples based on BETA zeolite are promising catalysts for this application.
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- 2014
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12. Characterization of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter region by genetic analysis: correlation with DNase I footprinting
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Nimer, S D, Morita, E A, Martis, M J, Wachsman, W, and Gasson, J C
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T-cell activation induces expression of the hematopoietic growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). To define the molecular events involved in the induction of GM-CSF gene expression more clearly, we prepared and analyzed deletion mutants of GM-CSF promoter recombinant constructs. The results localized inducible expression to a 90-base-pair region (-53 to +37) which is active in uninfected and human T-cell leukemia virus-infected T-cell lines but not in resting or mitogen-stimulated B cells. DNase I footprinting experiments revealed protection of sequences contained within this region, including a repeated nucleotide sequence, CATT(A/T), which could serve as a core recognition sequence for a cellular transcription factor. Upstream of these GM-CSF promoter sequences is a 15-base-pair region (-193 to -179) which has negative regulatory activity in human T-cell leukemia virus-infected T cells. These studies revealed a complex pattern of regulation of GM-CSF expression in T cells; positive and negative regulatory sequences may play critical roles in controlling the expression of this potent granulopoietin in the bone marrow microenvironment and in localized inflammatory responses.
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- 1988
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13. Modeling nitrification inhibition
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Okey, R. W., Stensel, H. D., and Martis, M. C.
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PESTICIDES ,SOIL pollution - Published
- 1996
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14. An experimental study to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted childbirth education programme on knowledge regarding childbirth among primigravida mothers attending antenatal out patient department of a selected hospital in Bhopal.
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Priya KM, Podder L, and Martis M
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Context: Childbirth is a normal physiological process in a woman's life, yet it is a life-changing experience for the primigravida mothers. Boosting confidence regarding pregnancy and childbirth by enhancing knowledge is an important component of care., Aims: The aim was to assess the effectiveness of the video-assisted childbirth education programme on the knowledge of the primigravida mothers regarding childbirth., Settings and Design: A quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was adopted. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the 60 primigravida mothers who completed 34 weeks of gestation and are attending the Gynaec Outpatient Department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in Bhopal., Methods and Material: The self-structured knowledge questionnaire was developed. On the first day of contact with the sample, pretest was taken from both groups. A tailor-made video was administered to the experimental group on the same day. Posttest was taken on the seventh day from both groups., Statistical Analysis Used: Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to determine the effectiveness of video-assisted childbirth education programme revealed a significant interaction between the intervention and time, F (1,58) =29.398, P < .001., Results: The mean difference in knowledge score over time was greater in the experimental group compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant., Conclusions: The video-assisted childbirth education programme was effective in enhancing the knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding childbirth., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)
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- 2024
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15. Disrupted development from head to tail: Pervasive effects of postnatal restricted resources on neurobiological, behavioral, and morphometric outcomes.
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Kent MH, Jacob JC, Bowen G, Bhalerao J, Desinor S, Vavra D, Leserve D, Ott KR, Angeles B, Martis M, Sciandra K, Gillenwater K, Glory C, Meisel E, Choe A, Olivares-Navarrete R, Puetzer JL, and Lambert K
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When a maternal rat nurtures her pups, she relies on adequate resources to provide optimal care for her offspring. Accordingly, limited environmental resources may result in atypical maternal care, disrupting various developmental outcomes. In the current study, maternal Long-Evans rats were randomly assigned to either a standard resource (SR) group, provided with four cups of bedding and two paper towels for nesting material or a limited resource (LR) group, provided with a quarter of the bedding and nesting material provided for the SR group. Offspring were monitored at various developmental phases throughout the study. After weaning, pups were housed in same-sex dyads in environments with SRs for continued observations. Subsequent behavioral tests revealed a sex × resource interaction in play behavior on PND 28; specifically, LR reduced play attacks in males while LR increased play attacks in females. A sex × resource interaction was also observed in anxiety-related responses in the open field task with an increase in thigmotaxis in LR females and, in the social interaction task, females exhibited more external rears oriented away from the social target. Focusing on morphological variables, tail length measurements of LR males and females were shorter on PND 9, 16, and 21; however, differences in tail length were no longer present at PND 35. Following the behavioral assessments, animals were perfused at 56 days of age and subsequent immunohistochemical assays indicated increased glucocorticoid receptors in the lateral habenula of LR offspring and higher c-Fos immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala of SR offspring. Further, when tail vertebrae and tail tendons were assessed via micro-CT and hydroxyproline assays, results indicated increased trabecular separation, decreased bone volume fraction, and decreased connectivity density in bones, along with reduced collagen concentration in tendons in the LR animals. In sum, although the restricted resources only persisted for a brief duration, the effects appear to be far-reaching and pervasive in this early life stress animal model., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Kent, Jacob, Bowen, Bhalerao, Desinor, Vavra, Leserve, Ott, Angeles, Martis, Sciandra, Gillenwater, Glory, Meisel, Choe, Olivares-Navarrete, Puetzer and Lambert.)
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- 2022
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16. Academic stress and associated sociodemographic variables: A study of pre-university students in Karnataka, India.
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Mayya SS, Mayya A, Martis M, and Lakshmi RV
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Background: Academic stress is a predominant phenomenon among grade 11 and 12 students. The performance in Grade 12 is important for entry to higher education programs in India. The purpose of the study was to assess the magnitude of the perceived academic stress and identify the main stressors and the sociodemographic variables associated with the perceived academic stress among adolescents enrolled in the science stream in coastal Karnataka., Materials and Methods: Upon Institutional Ethical Committee approval, a cross-sectional survey was carried out among pre-university students (science stream) of coastal Karnataka during February-April 2021. The study used Manipal Inventory of Academic Stress (MIAS) scale to collect data on perceived academic stress from 1859 students (response rate 68.3%). Stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect data from the study participants. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t -test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression analyses were used to study the association between academic stress and various demographic variables., Results: The study revealed that 28% of the Grade 11 students and 26% of the Grade 12 students experienced high or extreme stress. The significant stressors were lack of time for revision, queries from neighbors or relatives, and parental expectations on academic performance. Gender, residence, and the medium of instruction until Grade 10 were associated with academic stress., Conclusion: Measures at the institutional and national levels are necessary to reduce the academic stress in higher secondary education. The integrated curriculum proposed in the National Educational Policy 2020 addresses a few stressors identified in this study., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)
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- 2022
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17. Correlation of Clinicopathological Features of Breast Cancer with Molecular Subtypes Taking Ki-67 into Consideration: Single Institution Experience Over 5 Years.
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Pereira C, Martis M, D'Souza R, and Tauro LF
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Background: Molecular classification of breast cancer is commonly done to determine response to therapy and cancer prognosis. Aim of the study was to compare prevalence of molecular subtypes of breast cancer in our institute using immunohistochemistry, including Ki-67, and correlate it with clinical and pathological prognostic factors., Results: 300 cases of invasive breast cancer were included in the study. Average age at time of diagnosis was 44 years and average size of tumor was 3.4cms. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type (75.3%). The most common molecular subtype was triple negative (34.3%) followed by Luminal B (33.4%), luminal A (17%) and Her-2 positive (15.3%). Large size and poorly differentiated tumors were predominantly triple negative tumors while lymph node metastasis was most commonly seen in Her-2 positive tumors., Conclusion: Molecular subtype of breast carcinoma should routinely be done for all cases of carcinoma breast as it allows to identify aggressive tumors and target therapy accordingly., Competing Interests: None to declare., (Copyright © 2014, Medical University Publishing House Craiova.)
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- 2021
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18. Anti-mycobacterial activity correlates with altered DNA methylation pattern in immune cells from BCG-vaccinated subjects.
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Verma D, Parasa VR, Raffetseder J, Martis M, Mehta RB, Netea M, and Lerm M
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- Adult, Animals, BCG Vaccine administration & dosage, BCG Vaccine immunology, DNA Methylation immunology, Epigenesis, Genetic immunology, Female, Humans, Immunity, Innate drug effects, Immunity, Innate immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Macrophages drug effects, Macrophages immunology, Macrophages metabolism, Male, Tuberculosis immunology, Tuberculosis microbiology, Vaccination, Young Adult, BCG Vaccine pharmacology, DNA Methylation drug effects, Epigenesis, Genetic drug effects, Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology, Tuberculosis prevention & control
- Abstract
The reason for the largely variable protective effect against TB of the vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is not understood. In this study, we investigated whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the response of immune cells to the BCG vaccine. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from BCG-vaccinated subjects and performed global DNA methylation analysis in combination with functional assays representative of innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Enhanced containment of replication was observed in monocyte-derived macrophages from a sub-group of BCG-vaccinated individuals (identified as 'responders'). A stable and robust differential DNA methylation pattern in response to BCG could be observed in PBMCs isolated from the responders but not from the non-responders. Gene ontology analysis revealed that promoters with altered DNA methylation pattern were strongly enriched among genes belonging to immune pathways in responders, however no enrichments could be observed in the non-responders. Our findings suggest that BCG-induced epigenetic reprogramming of immune cell function can enhance anti-mycobacterial immunity in macrophages. Understanding why BCG induces this response in responders but not in non-responders could provide clues to improvement of TB vaccine efficacy.
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- 2017
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19. APC sets the Wnt tone necessary for cerebral cortical progenitor development.
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Nakagawa N, Li J, Yabuno-Nakagawa K, Eom TY, Cowles M, Mapp T, Taylor R, and Anton ES
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- Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein genetics, Animals, Cell Proliferation, Cerebral Cortex cytology, Cerebral Cortex metabolism, Cilia metabolism, Hedgehog Proteins metabolism, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Neural Stem Cells cytology, Receptor, Notch1 metabolism, beta Catenin physiology, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein physiology, Cerebral Cortex embryology, Neural Stem Cells metabolism, Neurogenesis, Wnt Signaling Pathway
- Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) regulates the activity of β-catenin, an integral component of Wnt signaling. However, the selective role of the APC-β-catenin pathway in cerebral cortical development is unknown. Here we genetically dissected the relative contributions of APC-regulated β-catenin signaling in cortical progenitor development, a necessary early step in cerebral cortical formation. Radial progenitor-specific inactivation of the APC-β-catenin pathway indicates that the maintenance of appropriate β-catenin-mediated Wnt tone is necessary for the orderly differentiation of cortical progenitors and the resultant formation of the cerebral cortex. APC deletion deregulates β-catenin, leads to high Wnt tone, and disrupts Notch1 signaling and primary cilium maintenance necessary for radial progenitor functions. β-Catenin deregulation directly disrupts cilium maintenance and signaling via Tulp3, essential for intraflagellar transport of ciliary signaling receptors. Surprisingly, deletion of β-catenin or inhibition of β-catenin activity in APC-null progenitors rescues the APC-null phenotype. These results reveal that APC-regulated β-catenin activity in cortical progenitors sets the appropriate Wnt tone necessary for normal cerebral cortical development., (© 2017 Nakagawa et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.)
- Published
- 2017
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20. Linkage-to-care Methods and Rates in U.S. Emergency Department-based HIV Testing Programs: A Systematic Literature Review Brief Report.
- Author
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Menon AA, Nganga-Good C, Martis M, Wicken C, Lobner K, Rothman RE, and Hsieh YH
- Subjects
- Adult, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Humans, United States, Emergency Service, Hospital, HIV Seropositivity diagnosis, Mass Screening methods
- Abstract
Background: An increasing number of U.S. emergency departments (EDs) have implemented ED-based HIV testing programs since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued revised HIV testing recommendations for clinical settings in 2006. In 2010, the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) set an linkage-to-care (LTC) rate goal of 85% within 90 days of HIV diagnosis. LTC rates for newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients vary markedly by site, and many are suboptimal. The optimal approach for LTC in the ED setting remains unknown., Objective: The objective was to perform a brief descriptive analysis of the LTC methods practiced in EDs across the United States to determine the overall linkage rate of ED-based HIV testing programs., Methods: We conducted a systematic review of literature related to U.S. ED HIV testing in the adult population using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. There were 333 articles were identified; 31 articles were selected after a multiphasic screening process. We analyzed data from the 31 articles to assess LTC methods and rates. LTC methods that involved physical escort of the newly diagnosed patient to an HIV/infectious disease (ID) clinic or interaction with a specialist health care provider at the ED were operationally defined as "intensive" LTC protocol. "Mixed" LTC protocol was defined as a program that employed intensive linkage only part of the coverage hours. All other forms of linkage was defined as "nonintensive" LTC protocol. An LTC rate of ≥85% was used to identify characteristics of ED-based HIV testing program associated with a higher LTC rate., Results: There were 37 ED-based HIV testing programs in the 31 articles. The overall LTC rate was 74.4%. Regarding type of protocol, nine (24.3%) employed intensive LTC protocols, 25 (67.6%) nonintensive, two (5.4%) mixed, and one (2.7%) with unclear protocols. LTC rates for programs with intensive and nonintensive LTC protocols were 80.0 and 72.7%, respectively. Four (44.4%) with intensive protocols and nine (36.0%) with the nonintensive protocols had LTC rates > 85%. The linkage staff employed was different between ED programs. Among them, 25 (67.6%) programs used exogenous staff, 10 (27.0%) used the ED staff, and two had no information. All the programs in the nonintensive group utilized drop-in HIV/ID clinic or medical appointments while seven of nine of the programs in the intensive group physically escorted the patients to the initial medical intake appointment. There were no significant differences in characteristics of ED-based HIV testing programs between those with ≥85% LTC rate versus those with <85% within the intensive or nonintensive group., Conclusion: Intensive LTC protocols had a higher LTC rate and a higher proportion of programs that surpassed the >85% NHAS goal compared to nonintensive methods, suggesting that, when possible, ED-based HIV testing programs should adopt intensive LTC strategies to improve LTC outcomes. However, intensive LTC protocols most often required involvement of multidisciplinary non-ED professionals and external research funding. Our findings provide a foundation for developing best practices for ED-based HIV LTC programs., (© 2016 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.)
- Published
- 2016
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21. Interneuronal DISC1 regulates NRG1-ErbB4 signalling and excitatory-inhibitory synapse formation in the mature cortex.
- Author
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Seshadri S, Faust T, Ishizuka K, Delevich K, Chung Y, Kim SH, Cowles M, Niwa M, Jaaro-Peled H, Tomoda T, Lai C, Anton ES, Li B, and Sawa A
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Mice, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics, Neuregulin-1 genetics, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptor, ErbB-4 genetics, Signal Transduction physiology, Interneurons physiology, Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism, Neuregulin-1 metabolism, Receptor, ErbB-4 metabolism, Synapses physiology
- Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and its receptor ErbB4 influence several processes of neurodevelopment, but the mechanisms regulating this signalling in the mature brain are not well known. DISC1 is a multifunctional scaffold protein that mediates many cellular processes. Here we present a functional relationship between DISC1 and NRG1-ErbB4 signalling in mature cortical interneurons. By cell type-specific gene modulation in vitro and in vivo including in a mutant DISC1 mouse model, we demonstrate that DISC1 inhibits NRG1-induced ErbB4 activation and signalling. This effect is likely mediated by competitive inhibition of binding of ErbB4 to PSD95. Finally, we show that interneuronal DISC1 affects NRG1-ErbB4-mediated phenotypes in the fast spiking interneuron-pyramidal neuron circuit. Post-mortem brain analyses and some genetic studies have reported interneuronal deficits and involvement of the DISC1, NRG1 and ErbB4 genes in schizophrenia, respectively. Our results suggest a mechanism by which cross-talk between DISC1 and NRG1-ErbB4 signalling may contribute to these deficits.
- Published
- 2015
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22. Energy-resolved electron-yield XAS studies of nanoporous CoAlPO-18 and CoAlPO-34 catalysts.
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Martis V, Martis M, Lipp J, Detollenaere D, Rayment T, Sankar G, and Bras W
- Abstract
Energy-resolved electron-yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a promising technique for probing the near-surface structure of nanomaterials because of its ability to discriminate between the near-surface and bulk of materials. So far, the technique has only been used in model systems. Here, the local structural characterization of nanoporous cobalt-substituted aluminophosphates is reported and it is shown that the technique can be employed for the study of open-framework catalytically active systems. Evidence that the cobalt ions on the surface of the crystals react differently to those in the bulk is found.
- Published
- 2014
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23. Hailey-hailey disease responding to thalidomide.
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Nanda KB, Saldanha CS, Jacintha M, and Kamath G
- Abstract
Familial benign chronic pemphigus or Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of recurrent blisters and erosions in the intertriginous areas. Various topical and systemic treatment options include corticosteroids, topical 5-fluorouracil, topical vitamin D analogs, topical zinc oxide, dapsone, psoralen plus ultraviolet A, systemic retinoids, cyclosporine, methotrexate, and photodynamic therapy. In recalcitrant cases, further options including, invasive methods such as grenz ray therapy, carbon dioxide laser abrasion, and erbium: YAG laser ablation, dermabrasion, electron beam therapy, botulinum toxin, and full-thickness excision of affected skin with repair by split-thickness grafting have been reported as useful in treatment of HHD. We describe a case of HHD who was treated with several treatment modalities including antibiotics, corticosteroids, and dapsone earlier and when presented to us had a severe recalcitrant disease. Thalidomide, as a modality of treatment has been successfully used in few cases earlier. Our patient responded well to thalidomide.
- Published
- 2014
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24. Control of physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)iron(II) encapsulated within the zeolite Y cavity by alkaline earth metal cations.
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Martis M, Mori K, and Yamashita H
- Abstract
A series of materials containing the tris(2,2'-bipyridine)iron(ii) (Fe(bpy)3(2+)) complex inside zeolite Y cavities with alkaline earth metals (Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+), Ba(2+)) as charge compensating cations have been synthesized via a "ship in the bottle" method. The influence of the alkaline earth metal cations on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity was investigated. The successful formation of the Fe(bpy)3(2+) complex was verified by XRD, diffuse-reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, and Fe K-edge XAFS measurements. The BET surface area and the Fe content decreased in the presence of the larger alkaline earth metal, but the intensity of the MLCT adsorption band of Fe(bpy)3(2+) increased with the heavier cation. The electron density of the Fe atoms decreased, and the average interatomic bond distance Fe-N/O and the coordination number increased with the heavier alkaline earth metal cation. The encapsulation of Fe(bpy)3(2+) resulted in the creation of a photocatalytic system able to oxidize styrene to benzaldehyde and styrene oxide under visible light irradiation (λ > 430 nm) in the presence of molecular oxygen.
- Published
- 2014
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25. Flow sorting and sequencing meadow fescue chromosome 4F.
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Kopecký D, Martis M, Číhalíková J, Hřibová E, Vrána J, Bartoš J, Kopecká J, Cattonaro F, Stočes Š, Novák P, Neumann P, Macas J, Šimková H, Studer B, Asp T, Baird JH, Navrátil P, Karafiátová M, Kubaláková M, Šafář J, Mayer K, and Doležel J
- Subjects
- Blotting, Southern, Chromosome Mapping, Gene Order, Genome, Plant genetics, Hordeum genetics, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Karyotyping methods, Molecular Sequence Data, Oryza, Reproducibility of Results, Sorghum genetics, Synteny, Chromosomes, Plant genetics, Festuca genetics, Genomics methods, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods
- Abstract
The analysis of large genomes is hampered by a high proportion of repetitive DNA, which makes the assembly of short sequence reads difficult. This is also the case in meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), which is known for good abiotic stress resistance and has been used in intergeneric hybridization with ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) to produce Festulolium cultivars. In this work, we describe a new approach to analyze the large genome of meadow fescue, which involves the reduction of sample complexity without compromising information content. This is achieved by dissecting the genome to smaller parts: individual chromosomes and groups of chromosomes. As the first step, we flow sorted chromosome 4F and sequenced it by Illumina with approximately 50× coverage. This provided, to our knowledge, the first insight into the composition of the fescue genome, enabled the construction of the virtual gene order of the chromosome, and facilitated detailed comparative analysis with the sequenced genomes of rice (Oryza sativa), Brachypodium distachyon, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Using GenomeZipper, we were able to confirm the collinearity of chromosome 4F with barley chromosome 4H and the long arm of chromosome 5H. Several new tandem repeats were identified and physically mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization. They were found as robust cytogenetic markers for karyotyping of meadow fescue and ryegrass species and their hybrids. The ability to purify chromosome 4F opens the way for more efficient analysis of genomic loci on this chromosome underlying important traits, including freezing tolerance. Our results confirm that next-generation sequencing of flow-sorted chromosomes enables an overview of chromosome structure and evolution at a resolution never achieved before.
- Published
- 2013
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26. Tracking the structural changes in pure and heteroatom substituted aluminophosphate, AIPO-18, using synchrotron based X-ray diffraction techniques.
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Martis M, Smith AJ, Tang C, Parker JE, Hyde TI, Watson MJ, Baucherel X, Kohara S, Wakihara T, and Sankar G
- Abstract
We report the structural changes that occur during the thermal removal of organic template molecules that occlude the pores of small pore nanoporous zeolitic solids, AlPO-18, SAPO-18, CoAlPO-18, ZnAlPO-18 and CoSAPO-18. The calcination process is a necessary step in the formation of active catalysts. The studies performed using time-resolved High Resolution Powder Diffraction (HRPD) and High Energy X-ray Diffraction (HEXRD) techniques at various temperatures reveal that changes that take place are dependent on the type of heteroatom present in the nanoporous solids. While time-resolved HRPD shows clear changes in lattice parameters during the removal of physisorbed water molecules and subsequent removal of the organic template, HEXRD data show changes in various near neighbour distances in AlPO-18, SAPO-18, CoAlPO-18, CoSAPO-18 and ZnAlPO-18 during the calcination process. In particular HEXRD reveals the presence of water molecules coordinated to Al(III) ions in the as-synthesised materials. Upon removal of the template and water, these solids show contraction in the cell volume at elevated temperatures while first and second neighbour distances remained almost unchanged.
- Published
- 2013
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27. Genomics-based high-resolution mapping of the BaMMV/BaYMV resistance gene rym11 in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
- Author
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Lüpken T, Stein N, Perovic D, Habekuss A, Krämer I, Hähnel U, Steuernagel B, Scholz U, Zhou R, Ariyadasa R, Taudien S, Platzer M, Martis M, Mayer K, Friedt W, and Ordon F
- Subjects
- Chromosomes, Plant, DNA, Plant genetics, Genetic Linkage, Genetic Markers, Hordeum immunology, Hordeum virology, Mosaic Viruses genetics, Mosaic Viruses immunology, Plant Diseases virology, Synteny, Chromosome Mapping, Disease Resistance genetics, Genes, Plant, Genomics, Hordeum genetics, Immunity, Innate genetics, Mosaic Viruses pathogenicity, Plant Diseases genetics
- Abstract
Soil-borne barley yellow mosaic virus disease, caused by different strains of Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), is one of the most important diseases of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Europe and East Asia. The recessive resistance gene rym11 located in the centromeric region of chromosome 4HL is effective against all so far known strains of BaMMV and BaYMV in Germany. In order to isolate this gene, a high-resolution mapping population (10,204 meiotic events) has been constructed. F2 plants were screened with co-dominant flanking markers and segmental recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for resistance to BaMMV under growth chamber and field conditions. Tightly linked markers were developed by exploiting (1) publicly available barley EST sequences, (2) employing barley synteny to rice, Brachypodium distachyon and sorghum and (3) using next-generation sequencing data of barley. Using this approach, the genetic interval was efficiently narrowed down from the initial 10.72 % recombination to 0.074 % recombination. A marker co-segregating with rym11 was developed providing the basis for gene isolation and efficient marker-assisted selection.
- Published
- 2013
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28. What are the active species in the photoinduced H2 production with terpyridyl Pt(II) complexes? An investigation by in situ XAFS.
- Author
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Martis M, Mori K, Kato K, Sankar G, and Yamashita H
- Abstract
Origin of the species: In situ X-ray absorption measurements show that monomeric Pt(II) species are the active components for photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible-light illumination for both [PtCl(tpy)]Cl on its own and a three-component system comprising Ru(bpy)3Cl2, MV(2+) and [PtCl(tpy)]Cl in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor (EDTA)., (Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2013
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29. The perennial ryegrass GenomeZipper: targeted use of genome resources for comparative grass genomics.
- Author
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Pfeifer M, Martis M, Asp T, Mayer KF, Lübberstedt T, Byrne S, Frei U, and Studer B
- Subjects
- Brachypodium genetics, Chromosomes, Plant genetics, Genomics methods, Oryza genetics, Poaceae classification, Poaceae genetics, Reproducibility of Results, Sorghum genetics, Synteny, Transcriptome genetics, Chromosome Mapping methods, Computational Biology methods, Genome, Plant genetics, Lolium genetics
- Abstract
Whole-genome sequences established for model and major crop species constitute a key resource for advanced genomic research. For outbreeding forage and turf grass species like ryegrasses (Lolium spp.), such resources have yet to be developed. Here, we present a model of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) genome on the basis of conserved synteny to barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the model grass genome Brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon) as well as rice (Oryza sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). A transcriptome-based genetic linkage map of perennial ryegrass served as a scaffold to establish the chromosomal arrangement of syntenic genes from model grass species. This scaffold revealed a high degree of synteny and macrocollinearity and was then utilized to anchor a collection of perennial ryegrass genes in silico to their predicted genome positions. This resulted in the unambiguous assignment of 3,315 out of 8,876 previously unmapped genes to the respective chromosomes. In total, the GenomeZipper incorporates 4,035 conserved grass gene loci, which were used for the first genome-wide sequence divergence analysis between perennial ryegrass, barley, Brachypodium, rice, and sorghum. The perennial ryegrass GenomeZipper is an ordered, information-rich genome scaffold, facilitating map-based cloning and genome assembly in perennial ryegrass and closely related Poaceae species. It also represents a milestone in describing synteny between perennial ryegrass and fully sequenced model grass genomes, thereby increasing our understanding of genome organization and evolution in the most important temperate forage and turf grass species.
- Published
- 2013
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30. Yeasts as important agents of onychomycosis: in vitro activity of propolis against yeasts isolated from patients with nail infection.
- Author
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Khosravi AR, Shokri H, Nikaein D, Mansouri P, Erfanmanesh A, Chalangari R, and Katalin M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Resistance, Fluconazole pharmacology, Humans, Infant, Middle Aged, Onychomycosis drug therapy, Propolis therapeutic use, Prospective Studies, Species Specificity, Yeasts classification, Young Adult, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Apitherapy, Onychomycosis microbiology, Propolis pharmacology, Yeasts drug effects
- Abstract
Objective: The purposes of this study were to determine the frequency of the yeast species obtained from patients with clinical features of onychomycosis and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of the yeast species to propolis., Methods: A prospective study was carried out at the Mycology Research Center in Iran from 2010 to 2011. Clinical diagnosis was performed by direct microscopic examination and culture. Different yeast species were identified by morphological and biochemical tests. An antifungal susceptibility test to fluconazole (FLU) and propolis by the broth microdilution method was performed on each isolate., Results: One hundred and twenty-eight fungal isolates were obtained. The most prevalent fungi were yeasts (81, 63.2%), dermatophytes (36, 28.1%), and nondermatophyte fungi (11, 8.6%). Fingernails were more affected than toenails (65.4% vs. 19.8%, respectively). The most frequently found species was Candida albicans (38.5%), followed by Candida spp. (23.1%), C. tropicalis (10.8%), C. kefyr (6.2%), C. krusei (3.1%), Malassezia globosa (4.6%), M. slooffiae (4.6%), and M. pachydermatis (1.5%). Of all yeast isolates (65), seven showed resistance to FLU. The average MIC of propolis for FLU-susceptible isolates was 5.8 μg/mL, whereas this value was 12.25 μg/mL for FLU-resistant isolates., Conclusion: Our results proved that the propolis inhibits the growth of pathogenic yeasts and confirmed the efficiency of propolis as an anti-Candida and anti-Malassezia agent.
- Published
- 2013
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31. Next-generation sequencing and syntenic integration of flow-sorted arms of wheat chromosome 4A exposes the chromosome structure and gene content.
- Author
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Hernandez P, Martis M, Dorado G, Pfeifer M, Gálvez S, Schaaf S, Jouve N, Šimková H, Valárik M, Doležel J, and Mayer KF
- Subjects
- DNA, Plant genetics, Genome, Plant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Plant, Synteny, Triticum genetics
- Abstract
Wheat is the third most important crop for human nutrition in the world. The availability of high-resolution genetic and physical maps and ultimately a complete genome sequence holds great promise for breeding improved varieties to cope with increasing food demand under the conditions of changing global climate. However, the large size of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome (approximately 17 Gb/1C) and the triplication of genic sequence resulting from its hexaploid status have impeded genome sequencing of this important crop species. Here we describe the use of mitotic chromosome flow sorting to separately purify and then shotgun-sequence a pair of telocentric chromosomes that together form chromosome 4A (856 Mb/1C) of wheat. The isolation of this much reduced template and the consequent avoidance of the problem of sequence duplication, in conjunction with synteny-based comparisons with other grass genomes, have facilitated construction of an ordered gene map of chromosome 4A, embracing ≥85% of its total gene content, and have enabled precise localization of the various translocation and inversion breakpoints on chromosome 4A that differentiate it from its progenitor chromosome in the A genome diploid donor. The gene map of chromosome 4A, together with the emerging sequences of homoeologous wheat chromosome groups 4, 5 and 7, represent unique resources that will allow us to obtain new insights into the evolutionary dynamics between homoeologous chromosomes and syntenic chromosomal regions., (© 2011 The Authors. The Plant Journal © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)
- Published
- 2012
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32. Frequent gene movement and pseudogene evolution is common to the large and complex genomes of wheat, barley, and their relatives.
- Author
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Wicker T, Mayer KF, Gundlach H, Martis M, Steuernagel B, Scholz U, Simková H, Kubaláková M, Choulet F, Taudien S, Platzer M, Feuillet C, Fahima T, Budak H, Dolezel J, Keller B, and Stein N
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, Brachypodium genetics, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Plant genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Frequency, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Molecular Sequence Data, Oryza genetics, Sorghum genetics, Synteny genetics, Genes, Plant genetics, Genome, Plant genetics, Hordeum genetics, Poaceae genetics, Pseudogenes genetics, Triticum genetics
- Abstract
All six arms of the group 1 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) were sequenced with Roche/454 to 1.3- to 2.2-fold coverage and compared with similar data sets from the homoeologous chromosome 1H of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Six to ten thousand gene sequences were sampled per chromosome. These were classified into genes that have their closest homologs in the Triticeae group 1 syntenic region in Brachypodium, rice (Oryza sativa), and/or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and genes that have their homologs elsewhere in these model grass genomes. Although the number of syntenic genes was similar between the homologous groups, the amount of nonsyntenic genes was found to be extremely diverse between wheat and barley and even between wheat subgenomes. Besides a small core group of genes that are nonsyntenic in other grasses but conserved among Triticeae, we found thousands of genic sequences that are specific to chromosomes of one single species or subgenome. By examining in detail 50 genes from chromosome 1H for which BAC sequences were available, we found that many represent pseudogenes that resulted from transposable element activity and double-strand break repair. Thus, Triticeae seem to accumulate nonsyntenic genes frequently. Since many of them are likely to be pseudogenes, total gene numbers in Triticeae are prone to pronounced overestimates.
- Published
- 2011
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33. Unlocking the barley genome by chromosomal and comparative genomics.
- Author
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Mayer KF, Martis M, Hedley PE, Simková H, Liu H, Morris JA, Steuernagel B, Taudien S, Roessner S, Gundlach H, Kubaláková M, Suchánková P, Murat F, Felder M, Nussbaumer T, Graner A, Salse J, Endo T, Sakai H, Tanaka T, Itoh T, Sato K, Platzer M, Matsumoto T, Scholz U, Dolezel J, Waugh R, and Stein N
- Subjects
- Centromere genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Order genetics, Gene Rearrangement genetics, Genes, Plant genetics, Models, Genetic, Oryza genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Triticum genetics, Chromosomes, Plant genetics, Genome, Plant genetics, Genomics methods, Hordeum genetics
- Abstract
We used a novel approach that incorporated chromosome sorting, next-generation sequencing, array hybridization, and systematic exploitation of conserved synteny with model grasses to assign ~86% of the estimated ~32,000 barley (Hordeum vulgare) genes to individual chromosome arms. Using a series of bioinformatically constructed genome zippers that integrate gene indices of rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and Brachypodium distachyon in a conserved synteny model, we were able to assemble 21,766 barley genes in a putative linear order. We show that the barley (H) genome displays a mosaic of structural similarity to hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) A, B, and D subgenomes and that orthologous genes in different grasses exhibit signatures of positive selection in different lineages. We present an ordered, information-rich scaffold of the barley genome that provides a valuable and robust framework for the development of novel strategies in cereal breeding.
- Published
- 2011
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34. Gene content and virtual gene order of barley chromosome 1H.
- Author
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Mayer KF, Taudien S, Martis M, Simková H, Suchánková P, Gundlach H, Wicker T, Petzold A, Felder M, Steuernagel B, Scholz U, Graner A, Platzer M, Dolezel J, and Stein N
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Conserved Sequence, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Expressed Sequence Tags, Flow Cytometry, Genetic Engineering, Genetic Markers, Genome, Plant genetics, Oryza genetics, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sorghum genetics, Synteny genetics, Chromosomes, Plant genetics, Gene Order genetics, Hordeum genetics
- Abstract
Chromosome 1H (approximately 622 Mb) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) was isolated by flow sorting and shotgun sequenced by GSFLX pyrosequencing to 1.3-fold coverage. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and stringent sequence comparison against genetically mapped barley genes revealed 95% purity of the sorted chromosome 1H fraction. Sequence comparison against the reference genomes of rice (Oryza sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and against wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley expressed sequence tag datasets led to the estimation of 4,600 to 5,800 genes on chromosome 1H, and 38,000 to 48,000 genes in the whole barley genome. Conserved gene content between chromosome 1H and known syntenic regions of rice chromosomes 5 and 10, and of sorghum chromosomes 1 and 9 was detected on a per gene resolution. Informed by the syntenic relationships between the two reference genomes, genic barley sequence reads were integrated and ordered to deduce a virtual gene map of barley chromosome 1H. We demonstrate that synteny-based analysis of low-pass shotgun sequenced flow-sorted Triticeae chromosomes can deliver linearly ordered high-resolution gene inventories of individual chromosomes, which complement extensive Triticeae expressed sequence tag datasets. Thus, integration of genomic, transcriptomic, and synteny-derived information represents a major step toward developing reference sequences of chromosomes and complete genomes of the most important plant tribe for mankind.
- Published
- 2009
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35. The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses.
- Author
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Paterson AH, Bowers JE, Bruggmann R, Dubchak I, Grimwood J, Gundlach H, Haberer G, Hellsten U, Mitros T, Poliakov A, Schmutz J, Spannagl M, Tang H, Wang X, Wicker T, Bharti AK, Chapman J, Feltus FA, Gowik U, Grigoriev IV, Lyons E, Maher CA, Martis M, Narechania A, Otillar RP, Penning BW, Salamov AA, Wang Y, Zhang L, Carpita NC, Freeling M, Gingle AR, Hash CT, Keller B, Klein P, Kresovich S, McCann MC, Ming R, Peterson DG, Mehboob-ur-Rahman, Ware D, Westhoff P, Mayer KF, Messing J, and Rokhsar DS
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis genetics, Chromosomes, Plant genetics, Gene Duplication, Genes, Plant, Oryza genetics, Populus genetics, Recombination, Genetic genetics, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Deletion genetics, Zea mays genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Plant genetics, Poaceae genetics, Sorghum genetics
- Abstract
Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the approximately 730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome, placing approximately 98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one-third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the approximately 75% larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization approximately 70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum-rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to be only a few million years old. About 24% of genes are grass-specific and 7% are sorghum-specific. Recent gene and microRNA duplications may contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance.
- Published
- 2009
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36. A simple fractionation of chicken egg yolk yields a protein component that stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation in primary avian tendon cells.
- Author
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Martis MJ and Schwarz RI
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Cell Division drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Chick Embryo, Culture Media, Egg Proteins isolation & purification, Molecular Weight, Procollagen biosynthesis, Tendons metabolism, Egg Proteins pharmacology, Egg Yolk analysis, Growth Substances isolation & purification, Tendons cytology
- Abstract
An easily prepared and stable protein fraction from chick egg yolk promotes cell division (40 h generation time) and expression of procollagen (60% of total protein synthesis) in primary avian tendon cells in a serum-free medium. The activity of this yolk fraction (YF) is proteinaceous as reflected by its sensitivity to protease treatment. Yolk fraction is resolved into four major components on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with apparent molecular weights of 82,70,42,35 (X 10(-3)). Under nondenaturing conditions, YF runs as a mixture of high molecular weight aggregates on Sephacryl G-200. We postulate that the active part of YF could be the in ovo growth promoter for embryonic chick tendon cells.
- Published
- 1986
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