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Near-road measurements in Rochester, NY with a Portable Air Quality Monitoring System indicate a significant plume control of PM2.5 black carbon (BC) concentrations. This study evaluates the performance of two portable air quality enclosures deployed at collocated research sites to determine their accuracy and usefulness in field deployments, and specifically in pollution plume analysis. One system deployed collocated sensors for measurement of particulate matter mass concentration (Thermo pDR 1500 against Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) measurement) and the second system deployed sensors for measurement of black carbon (Magee AE33 aethalometer and Brechtel Tricolor Absorption Photometer) in ambient and near-road locations in Rochester, New York, respectively. While the optical PM2.5 sensors tended to be biased in their determination of concentration by ~15%, they followed changes and trends in concentration very well. The black carbon sensors in the portable systems agreed very well with each other and with the collocated sensor. As a case study to determine the contribution from statistically significant short-lived excursions of pollutant concentration, Morlet wavelet analysis was performed on data from the portable system sensors. Black carbon was found to be strongly influenced by plume behavior with significant plume excursions representing just over 12% of all data points and contributing on average 1 µg/m3 of black carbon above ambient concentrations. Implications: This paper first evaluates two air pollutant monitoring enclosures with wide applicability including near-road detection of pollutants. Then, we present a novel method to designate isolate statistically significant excursions in air pollution concentration which can be used to determine the impact of pollutant plumes as observed in PM and black carbon behavior near road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two optical scattering instruments for particle mass measurement - the Thermo Personal Data RAM (PDR-1500), the TSI Environmental DustTrak DRX (Model 8543) were evaluated by 1) using poly- and mono-disperse test aerosol in the laboratory, and 2) sampling ambient aerosol. The responses of these optical scattering instruments to different particle characteristics (size, composition, concentration) were compared with responses from reference instruments. A Mie scattering calculation was used to explain the dependence of the optical instruments' response to aerosol size and composition. Concurrently, the detection efficiency of one Alphasense Optical Particle Counter (OPC-N2) was evaluated in the laboratory as well. For ambient aerosol, a moderate coefficient of determination (R2=0.64) with positive slope was found between aerosol mass median diameter and the ratio of PDR reported mass to that measured by an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). Aerosol size was verified to be the primary factor affecting optical response in this study, but aerosol chemical composition and refractive index were also evaluated for their influence. These observations and calculations help evaluate the applicability and limitations of these optical scattering instruments, and provide guidance to designing suitable applications for each instrument by considering aerosol sources and aerosol size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co-occurrence of enhancement in aerosol concentration, temperatures, and ozone mixing ratio was observed between June 29 and July 4, 2018 (enhanced period, EP) on Long Island (LI) and the greater NYC metropolitan area during part of the 2018 Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS). Two aerosol formation pathways were identified during the EP, the first being the condensation of semi- and intermediate volatility oxidation products of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) under stagnant synoptic flow conditions, high temperatures and afternoon sea-breeze circulation. While this first pathway was prevalent, the most abundant organic aerosol factor was less oxidized oxygenated organic aerosol or LO-OOA. The second formation pathway occurred during a period of more persistent (synoptic) on-shore flow transporting more aged aerosol which consisted of an internal mixture of more oxidized oxygenated organic aerosol (MO-OOA), methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and sulfate. It was estimated that 35% of the sulfate observed during the mature period (an average of about 1.2 μg m−3) originated from oceanic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions. These two formation pathways helped elucidate the sources of fine particle pollution, highlighted the interaction between human emissions and natural DMS emission, and will help our understanding of pollution affecting other urban areas adjacent to large bodies of water during hot and stagnant periods. Image 1 • Aerosol mass growth was observed and explained during a Long Island summer heatwave. • Less-oxidized oxygenated organic aerosol was formed from anthropogenic sources. • Aged marine influenced aerosol transported inland was internally mixed. • 35% of sulfate during selected periods resulted from methanesulfonic acid (MSA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]