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3. On the importance of AI research beyond disciplines

Author

Dignum, Virginia, Casey, Donal, Cerratto-Pargman, Teresa, Dignum, Frank, Fantasia, Valentina, Formark, Bodil, Hammarfelt, Björn, Holmberg, Gunnar, Holzapfel, André, Larsson, Stefan, Lagerkvist, Amanda, Lakemond, Nicolette, Lindgren, Helena, Lorig, Fabian, Marusic, Ana, Rahm, Lina, Razmetaeva, Yulia, Sikström, Sverker, Tatar, Kıvanç, and Tucker, Jason

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

As the impact of AI on various scientific fields is increasing, it is crucial to embrace interdisciplinary knowledge to understand the impact of technology on society. The goal is to foster a research environment beyond disciplines that values diversity and creates, critiques and develops new conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Even though research beyond disciplines is essential for understanding complex societal issues and creating positive impact it is notoriously difficult to evaluate and is often not recognized by current academic career progression. The motivation for this paper is to engage in broad discussion across disciplines and identify guiding principles fir AI research beyond disciplines in a structured and inclusive way, revealing new perspectives and contributing to societal and human wellbeing and sustainability.

Published
2023

7. GRADE guidance 39: using GRADE-ADOLOPMENT to adopt, adapt or create contextualized recommendations from source guidelines and evidence syntheses

Author

Klugar, Miloslav, Lotfi, Tamara, Darzi, Andrea J., Reinap, Marge, Klugarová, Jitka, Kantorová, Lucia, Xia, Jun, Brignardello-Petersen, Romina, Pokorná, Andrea, Hazlewood, Glen, Munn, Zachary, Morgan, Rebecca L., Toews, Ingrid, Neumann, Ignacio, Bhatarasakoon, Patraporn, Stein, Airton Tetelbom, McCaul, Michael, Mathioudakis, Alexander G., D'Anci, Kristen E., Leontiadis, Grigorios I., Naude, Celeste, Vasanthan, Lenny T., Khabsa, Joanne, Bala, Malgorzata M., Mustafa, Reem, DiValerio Gibbs, Karen, Nieuwlaat, Robby, Santesso, Nancy, Pieper, Dawid, Mokrane, Saphia, Soghier, Israa, Lertwatthanawilat, Wanchai, Wiercioch, Wojtek, Sultan, Shahnaz, Rozmarinová, Jana, Drapačová, Pavla, Song, Yang, Amer, Marwa, Amer, Yasser S., Sayfi, Shahab, Verstijnen, Ilse M., Shin, Ein-Soon, Saz-Parkinson, Zuleika, Pottie, Kevin, Ruspi, Alessandra, Marušić, Ana, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K.M., Rojas, Maria X., Akl, Elie A., and Schünemann, Holger J.

Published
2024
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12. Ten years later: a review of the US 2009 institute of medicine report on conflicts of interest and solutions for further reform

Author

Torgerson, Trevor, Wayant, Cole, Cosgrove, Lisa, Akl, Elie A, Checketts, Jake, Dal Re, Rafael, Gill, Jennifer, Grover, Samir C, Khan, Nasim, Khan, Rishad, Marušić, Ana, McCoy, Matthew S, Mitchell, Aaron, Prasad, Vinay, and Vassar, Matt

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, Health and social care services research, Quality Education, Biomedical Research, Conflict of Interest, Disclosure, Humans, National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division, United States, conflict of Interest, evidence-based practice, General & Internal Medicine, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Conflicts of interest (COIs) in healthcare are increasingly discussed in the literature, yet these relationships continue to influence healthcare. Research has consistently shown that financial COIs shape prescribing practices, medical education and guideline recommendations. In 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM, now the National Academy of Medicine) published Conflicts of Interest in Medical Research, Practice, and Education-one of the most comprehensive reviews of empirical research on COIs in medicine. Ten years after publication of theIOM's report, we review the current state of COIs within medicine. We also provide specific recommendations for enhancing scientific integrity in medical research, practice, education and editorial practices.

Published
2022

13. Methods proposed for monitoring the implementation of evidence-based research: a cross-sectional study

Author

Puljak, Livia, Bala, Małgorzata M., Zając, Joanna, Meštrović, Tomislav, Buttigieg, Sandra, Yanakoulia, Mary, Briel, Matthias, Lunny, Carole, Lesniak, Wiktoria, Poklepović Peričić, Tina, Alonso-Coello, Pablo, Clarke, Mike, Djulbegovic, Benjamin, Gartlehner, Gerald, Giannakou, Konstantinos, Glenny, Anne-Marie, Glenton, Claire, Guyatt, Gordon, Hemkens, Lars G., Ioannidis, John P.A., Jaeschke, Roman, Juhl Jørgensen, Karsten, Martins-Pfeifer, Carolina Castro, Marušić, Ana, Mbuagbaw, Lawrence, Meneses Echavez, Jose Francisco, Moher, David, Nussbaumer-Streit, Barbara, Page, Matthew J., Pérez-Gaxiola, Giordano, Robinson, Karen A., Salanti, Georgia, Saldanha, Ian J., Savović, Jelena, Thomas, James, Tricco, Andrea C., Tugwell, Peter, van Hoof, Joost, and Pieper, Dawid

Published
2024
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18. Evidence-Based Research Integrity

Author

Marušić, Ana, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, González-Esteban, Elsa, editor, Feenstra, Ramón A., editor, and Camarinha-Matos, Luis M., editor

Published
2023
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21. Codes of Ethics and Research Integrity

Author

Marušić, Stjepan Ljudevit, Marušić, Ana, Gordijn, Bert, Series Editor, Roeser, Sabine, Series Editor, Birnbacher, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Brownsword, Roger, Editorial Board Member, Chadwick, Ruth, Editorial Board Member, Dempsey, Paul Stephen, Editorial Board Member, Froomkin, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Gutwirth, Serge, Editorial Board Member, Ten Have, Henk, Editorial Board Member, Holm, Søren, Editorial Board Member, Khushf, George, Editorial Board Member, Kirby, Justice Michael, Editorial Board Member, Knoppers, Bartha, Editorial Board Member, Krieger, David, Editorial Board Member, Laurie, Graeme, Editorial Board Member, Oosterlinck, René, Editorial Board Member, Weckert, John, Editorial Board Member, Laas, Kelly, editor, Davis, Michael, editor, and Hildt, Elisabeth, editor

Published
2022
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23. Ethical attitudes and perspectives of AI use in medicine between Croatian and Slovenian faculty members of school of medicine: Cross-sectional study.

Author

Grosek, Štefan, Štivić, Stjepan, Borovečki, Ana, Ćurković, Marko, Lajovic, Jaro, Marušić, Ana, Mijatović, Antonija, Miksić, Mirjana, Mimica, Suzana, Škrlep, Eva, Lah Tomulić, Kristina, and Erčulj, Vanja

Subjects
MORAL attitudes, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, TEACHERS, UNIVERSITY faculty, INTERNET surveys
Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is present in preclinical, clinical and research work, in various branches of medicine. Researchers and teachers at school of medicines may have different ethical attitudes and perspectives about the implementation of AI systems in medicine. Methods: We conducted an online survey among researchers and teachers (RTs) at the departments and institutes of two Slovenian and four Croatian Schools of Medicine. Results: The sample included 165 and 214 researchers and teachers in Slovenia and Croatia, respectively. The sample of respondents in Slovenia and Croatia was comparable in demographical characteristics. All participants reported high emphasis on the bioethical principles when using artificial intelligence in medicine, its usefulness in certain circumstances, but also caution regarding companies providing AI systems and tools. Slovenian and Croatian researchers and teachers shared three similar perspectives on the use of AI in medicine–complying with highest ethical principles, explainability and transparency and usefulness of AI tools. Higher caution towards use of AI in medicine and effect on autonomy of physicians was expressed in Croatia, while in Slovenia high emphasis was put on understanding how AI works, but also the concerns regarding willingness and time of physicians to learn about AI. Conclusion: Slovenian and Croatian researchers and teachers share ethical attitudes and perspectives with international researchers and physicians. It is important to facilitate understanding of the implications of AI use in medicine and set a solid evidence-based ground to tackle ethical and legal issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. When to replicate systematic reviews of interventions : consensus checklist

Author

Tugwell, Peter, Welch, Vivian Andrea, Karunananthan, Sathya, Maxwell, Lara J, Akl, Elie A, Avey, Marc T, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Brouwers, Melissa C, Clark, Jocalyn P, Cook, Sophie, Cuervo, Luis Gabriel, Curran, Janet Agnes, Ghogomu, Elizabeth Tanjong, Graham, Ian G, Grimshaw, Jeremy M, Hutton, Brian, Ioannidis, John P A, Jordan, Zoe, Jull, Janet Elizabeth, Kristjansson, Elizabeth, Langlois, Etienne V, Little, Julian, Lyddiatt, Anne, Martin, Janet E, Marušić, Ana, Mbuagbaw, Lawrence, Moher, David, Morton, Rachael L, Nasser, Mona, Page, Matthew J, Pardo, Jordi Pardo, Petkovic, Jennifer, Petticrew, Mark, Pigott, Terri, Pottie, Kevin, Rada, Gabriel, Rader, Tamara, Riddle, Alison Y, Rothstein, Hannah, Schüneman, Holger J, Shamseer, Larissa, Shea, Beverley J, Simeon, Rosiane, Siontis, Konstantinos C, Smith, Maureen, Soares-Weiser, Karla, Thavorn, Kednapa, Thavorn, David Tovey, Vachon, Brigitte, Valentine, Jeffery, Villemaire, Rebecca, Walker, Peter, Weeks, Laura, Wells, George, Wilson, David B, and White, Howard

Published
2020

33. A Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS)

Author

Sharma, Akash, Minh Duc, Nguyen Tran, Luu Lam Thang, Tai, Nam, Nguyen Hai, Ng, Sze Jia, Abbas, Kirellos Said, Huy, Nguyen Tien, Marušić, Ana, Paul, Christine L., Kwok, Janette, Karbwang, Juntra, de Waure, Chiara, Drummond, Frances J., Kizawa, Yoshiyuki, Taal, Erik, Vermeulen, Joeri, Lee, Gillian H. M., Gyedu, Adam, To, Kien Gia, Verra, Martin L., Jacqz-Aigrain, Évelyne M., Leclercq, Wouter K. G., Salminen, Simo T., Sherbourne, Cathy Donald, Mintzes, Barbara, Lozano, Sergi, Tran, Ulrich S., Matsui, Mitsuaki, and Karamouzian, Mohammad

Published
2021
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35. Perception of organizational climate by university staff and students in medicine and humanities: A qualitative study.

Author

Viđak, Marin, Tomić, Vicko, Buljan, Ivan, Tokalić, Ružica, and Marušić, Ana

Subjects
CORPORATE culture, INSTITUTIONAL environment, RESEARCH integrity, JOB satisfaction, SEMI-structured interviews
Abstract

Organizational climate and culture are important for research organizations because they foster research integrity and responsible conduct of research, reduce questionable research practices, and improve job satisfaction. The aim of our study was to explore how employees and students perceive organizational climate and its consequences in the university setting. We conducted semi-structured interviews with senior students and employees (teaching and non-teaching staff) from two different university schools: School of Medicine and Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Participants were asked questions regarding perceived climate, working environment, and the role of the institution. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis approach. Three themes were identified. The first theme addressed the difference in the perception and understanding of organizational climate. The second theme dealt with institutional issues emanating from organizational climate. The third theme described the behavior of stakeholders in the formation of organizational climate. Organizational climate is important concept in academic organizations as it influences both employees, particularly early career researchers, and students. Institutional leadership can strongly influence organizational climate, which can in turn affect job and job satisfaction. Due to the importance of personal morality on everyday decision-making, virtue-based research integrity training could be useful in improving academic institutions' organizational climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. Creating research ethics and integrity country report cards: Case study from Europe.

Author

Perković Paloš, Andrijana, Roje, Rea, Tomić, Vicko, and Marušić, Ana

Subjects
RESEARCH integrity, REPORT cards, RESEARCH ethics, RESEARCH personnel, COUNTRIES
Abstract

Structures for and practices of research integrity (RI) and research ethics (RE) differ among countries. This study analyzed the processes and structures for RI and RE in Europe, following the framework developed at the World Conferences on Research Integrity. We present RI and RE Country Report Cards for 16 European countries, which included the information on RI and RE structures, processes and outcomes. While some of the countries are front-runners when it comes to RI and RE, with well-established and continually developing policies and structures, others are just starting their journey in RI and RE. Although RI and RE contextual divergences must be taken into account, a level of harmonization among the countries is necessary so that researchers working in the European area can similarly handle RI and RE issues and have similar expectations regardless of the organization in which they work. RI and RE Country Report Cards can be a tool to monitor, compare, and strengthen RE and integrity across countries through empowerment and inspiration by examples of good practices and developed systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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47. A Reporting Tool for Practice Guidelines in Health Care: The RIGHT Statement.

Author

Chen, Yaolong, primary, Marušić, Ana, additional, Qaseem, Amir, additional, Meerpohl, Joerg J., additional, Flottorp, Signe, additional, Akl, Elie A., additional, Schünemann, Holger J., additional, Chan, Edwin S.Y., additional, Falck-Ytter, Yngve, additional, Ahmed, Faruque, additional, Barber, Sarah, additional, Chen, Chiehfeng, additional, Zhang, Mingming, additional, Xu, Bin, additional, Tian, Jinhui, additional, Song, Fujian, additional, Shang, Hongcai, additional, Tang, Kun, additional, Wang, Qi, additional, and Norris, Susan L., additional

Published
2023
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49. Panel stacking is a threat to consensus statement validity

Author

Kepp, Kasper P., Aavitsland, Preben, Ballin, Marcel, Balloux, Francois, Baral, Stefan, Bardosh, Kevin, Bauchner, Howard, Bendavid, Eran, Bhopal, Raj, Blumstein, Daniel T., Boffetta, Paolo, Bourgeois, Florence, Brufsky, Adam, Collignon, Peter J., Cripps, Sally, Cristea, Ioana A., Curtis, Nigel, Djulbegovic, Benjamin, Faude, Oliver, Flacco, Maria Elena, Guyatt, Gordon H., Hajishengallis, George, Hemkens, Lars G., Hoffmann, Tammy, Joffe, Ari R., Klassen, Terry P., Koletsi, Despina, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Kuhl, Ellen, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lallukka, Tea, Lambris, John, Levitt, Michael, Makridakis, Spyros, Maltezou, Helena C., Manzoli, Lamberto, Marusic, Ana, Mavragani, Clio, Moher, David, Mol, Ben W., Muka, Taulant, Naudet, Florian, Noble, Paul W., Nordström, Anna, Nordström, Peter, Pandis, Nikolaos, Papatheodorou, Stefania, Patel, Chirag J., Petersen, Irene, Pilz, Stefan, Plesnila, Nikolaus, Ponsonby, Anne-Louise, Rivas, Manuel A., Saltelli, Andrea, Schabus, Manuel, Schippers, Michaéla C., Schünemann, Holger, Solmi, Marco, Stang, Andreas, Streeck, Hendrik, Sturmberg, Joachim P., Thabane, Lehana, Thombs, Brett D., Tsakris, Athanasios, Wood, Simon N., and Ioannidis, John P.A.

Published
2024
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50. Research integrity: nine ways to move from talk to walk

Author

Mejlgaard, Niels, Bouter, Lex M., Gaskell, George, Kavouras, Panagiotis, Allum, Nick, Bendtsen, Anna-Kathrine, Charitidis, Costas A., Claesen, Nik, Dierickx, Kris, Domaradzka, Anna, Reyes Elizondo, Andrea, Foeger, Nicole, Hiney, Maura, Kaltenbrunner, Wolfgang, Labib, Krishma, Marušić, Ana, Sørensen, Mads P., Ravn, Tine, Ščepanović, Rea, Tijdink, Joeri K., and Veltri, Giuseppe A.

Published
2020
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