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Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (PMGA), administered by PMGAA, is upgrading and modernizing its runways and taxiways with new pavement and shoulders, drainage, and installation of utility conduits for lighting along the taxiway. SRP is upgrading the power supply from 4 kV to 12 kV as part of the project. At the request of SRP, Logan Simpson Design Inc. (LSD) conducted archaeological monitoring within the boundary of AZ U:10:127(ASM), the Will E. Coyote site, a prehistoric Hohokam site listed in the National Register of Historic Places. A Programmatic Agreement (PA) is in effect for ground-disturbing activities conducted at PMGA.

This article is based on a year‐long study of elementary to secondary transition in rural Ontario, Canada. The study considered the experience of transition for rural students within the political context of recently mandated changes to the transition years in Ontario. Research elsewhere suggests that the strong academic orientation of the secondary school creates a polarized and fragmented school culture which leads to student alienation and high drop‐out rates. These issues were regarded as less relevant in the rural area where the study took place and, thus, the teachers, parents and students who participated were sceptical about the need for change. The article examines the influence of contextual factors, including the rural setting, school structure and size, and teacher experience, on school culture and curriculum, and participants’ experiences of transition and their perspectives on change. A dialogical approach to enquiry was taken which attempted to bring together, through dialogue, the...

The proposed Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office Complex is located within the historic Original Phoenix Townsite (OPT); three historic buildings constructed between 1908 and 1944 were once present. The proposed office building is within, or near, a 250 ft buffer around two known prehistoric archaeological sites: La Villa—AZ T:12:148(ASM), and AZ T:12:95(ASM). Both sites have ill-defined site boundaries because of urban development that obscures evidence of prehistoric archaeological sites. A relict canal alignment is also projected to cross the parcel. In addition, the project area is within the OPT, AZ T:12:42(ASM). Because the proposed project area is located within the OPT and between two prehistoric archaeological sites, LSD suggests the potential for intact subsurface cultural deposits is high, and recommends the design and implementation of a treatment plan for phased data recovery. The proposed archaeological investigations should be reviewed by ASM under the delegated authority of the Arizona Board of Regents to issue permits for archaeological investigations on state land and to review treatment plans, research proposals and the technical reports that summarize the results of excavations. In addition, the proposed investigations should comply with requirements of the COP under Section 802(A.1) of the COP Historic Preservation Ordinance.

LSD surveyed approximately 84 acres of SRP-owned land to identify, document, and evaluate cultural resources for their National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility; however, this project is not a Federal undertaking and no consultation under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act is required at this time. Recommendations for the treatment or avoidance of sites are offered for future management considerations. The survey resulted in the discovery of 1 previously recorded site, 4 newly recorded sites, and 9 lOs. The lOs are recommended not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP; recordation during survey has fully exhausted their research potential and no avoidance is required. Since the completion of this report two addendums have been done. They are entitled Salado Preserve Addendum I: Cultural Resources Monitoring of Seismic Testing within the Salado Preserve South of St. Johns, Apache County, Arizona (Fahrni, Foster 2011) and Salado Preserve Addendum II: Cultural Resources Survey of 3.5 Miles of Fence Line within the Salado Preserve, South of St. Johns, Apache County, Arizona (Fahrni, Foster 2011).

Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District (SRP) requested that Logan Simpson Design Inc. (LSD) perform a Class III cultural resources survey related to a proposed well and pipeline construction project associated with the SRP Coronado Generating Station in St. Johns, Apache County, Arizona. The project area is located east of US 191 and southwest of the SRP Coronado Generating Station. Most of the pipeline corridor is on SRP-owned land; however, it also includes a small easement located in Section 2 across Arizona State Trust land administered by the Arizona State Land Department. LSD surveyed nearly 64 acres of SRP-land; the easement across ASLD land in Section 2; it was previously surveyed by LSD (Fahrni 2010). The survey areas consisted of the proposed well site (100 ft by 100 ft), pipeline corridor (4-mile-long by 130-ft-wide), and transmission line corridor (1,500 ft-long by 130-ft-wide corridor). The surveys were requested by SRP to determine whether any significant cultural resources will be disturbed by construction-related activities. The cultural resources surveys and report were completed to Arizona State Museum (ASM) and State Historic Preservation Office standards in the event that the project becomes an undertaking subject review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. An evaluation of traditional cultural properties was not conducted.

This document presents the results of archaeological monitoring conducted for Salt River Project (SRP) during an electrical transmission line pole replacement project. Monitoring was completed during ground-disturbing activities occurring in a portion of the Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park, and west of State Route (SR) 153 to 40th Street. The purpose of the monitoring was to ensure that culturally sensitive areas were avoided during ground-disturbing activities and to identify the presence, if any, of intact subsurface cultural resources. This is a revised report.

Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District (SRP) requested that Logan Simpson Design Inc. (LSD) perform a Class III cultural resources survey of 4.7 acres for a proposed 12 kV distribution line south of Queen Valley, Pinal County, Arizona. The project area, which is located on State Trust land under the jurisdiction of the Arizona State Land Department (ASLD) north of US 60 near Hewitt Road. The cultural resources survey was requested by SRP in support of ASLD right-of-way (ROW) application number 18-112296. The project will involve the installation of a 12 kV overhead distribution line in a 10-ft-wide by 2.75-mile-long corridor to be operated and maintained by SRP. Because the project is located on land under the jurisdiction of ASLD, the cultural resources survey was completed in compliance with the requirements set forth in ARS § 41-861 et seq., the Arizona State Historic Preservation Act. This is a revised report.

At the request of City of Phoenix (COP) Street Transportation Department, Logan Simpson Design Inc. (LSD) investigated the discovery of human remains exposed during trenching by COP for a storm drain construction project in central Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. The project consisted of the installation of a storm drain, catch basins, and connector pipes as well as the moving of water meters and fire hydrants. In compliance with COP policy and the Arizona Antiquities Act, LSD previously had prepared a monitoring and discovery plan for this project (Breen 2005) and monitored portions of the project area in the vicinity of three projected relict canals, but no significant cultural resources or human remains were identified (Bild 2005). The discovery was made on July 14, 2005 by a COP employee supervising the trench excavation. All work ceased immediately in the vicinity of the discovery and LSD was contacted to confirm the discovery and proceed with recovery of the burial. LSD designated the burial Feature 1, and Arizona State Museum issued a new site number, AZ T:12:229 (ASM). The burial was investigated by LSD in compliance with A.R.S. § 41-844 and A.R.S. § 41-865 and recovered under the conditions of an existing burial agreement between COP and ASM. LSD conducted supplementary monitoring during subsequent trench excavation west of the burial discovery to ensure that additional human remains or other important cultural resources would not be impacted by construction-related activities.

When the Medicare hospice benefit was enacted 20 years ago, many hospices greeted the news with great relief. This benefit helped many fledgling hospices start up and survive. However, a group of hospices realized that some of the people for whom they previously cared were not eligible for services under the Medicare hospice benefit. Thus, volunteer hospices filled that need, supporting and advocating for people who did not fit the hospice benefit criteria, but who wanted hospice support. Since volunteer hospices and Medicare-certified hospices play two very different roles in the hospice care delivery system, there are many opportunities for the two types of hospices to partner to meet patient care needs.

This report presents the results of a Class III non-collection cultural resource survey of approximately 640 acres of land for the Salt River Project (SRP) Coronado Generating Station (CGS) Land Addition II project near St. Johns, Apache County, Arizona (Figures 1 and 2). Entranco conducted the survey at the request of SRP as Bid No. II 98999 IDC prior to the proposed land acquisition to determine whether significant cultural resources exist within the project area. For purposes of this investigation, the term “cultural resources” refers to prehistoric or historic archaeological sites or objects, and potentially significant historic buildings or structures. The project area consists of Arizona State Trust Land, administered by the Arizona State Land Department (ASLD). An evaluation of Traditional Cultural Properties was not included as a part of this investigation. Original report was revised in October 2002.

This report presents the results of a Class I cultural resources inventory of nearly 11 miles (mi.) of right-of-way (R/W) owned by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) along Interstate 10 (I-10) in Maricopa County, Arizona (Figures 1 and 2). Entranco completed the cultural resources inventory for DMJM+HARRIS under Contract No. 00-75, as part of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the I-10 Corridor Improvement Study. The purpose of the inventory was to determine whether significant cultural resources exist within the project corridor that could be negatively affected by future improvement projects. For purposes of this investigation, the term “cultural resources” refers to prehistoric or historic archaeological sites or objects and potentially significant historic buildings or structures. This project is funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and is considered a federal undertaking as defined under 36 CFR § 800.16 (y) (as revised in 1999). ADOT’s Environmental Planning Group is reviewing this project on behalf of the FHWA. An evaluation of Traditional Cultural Properties was not undertaken as part of this investigation. This file contains a draft report.

On December 15, 2000, Entranco was authorized by Salt River Project (SRP) to conduct a Class I Inventory of an approximately 9.61-mile-long, variable width corridor from the Thunderstone Receiving Station to the Verde Substation in Maricopa County, Arizona. The project area includes Bureau of Indian Affairs right-of-way across the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, and land under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Reclamation, operated and managed by the Central Arizona Project and SRP. This research is undertaken as part of the proposed SRP Thunderstone to Verde 69 kV Rebuild project. The purpose of the Class I Inventory is to identify all previously recorded cultural resources and cultural resource projects that have occurred within the project area and its immediate vicinity. Cultural resources within these areas could be subject to direct or indirect adverse effects from activities associated with the SRP Thunderstone to Verde 69 kV Rebuild project. For purposes of this study, cultural resources are prehistoric or historic archaeological sites or objects, and potentially significant historic buildings or structures. An evaluation of Traditional Cultural Properties was not included in this inventory. The SRP scope of work includes the installation of a new conductor for the existing 69 kV line, removing and replacing overhead static wires, and the replacement of any poles necessary to accommodate the installation of a new conductor and overhead ground wires. All project work will be conducted within the existing SRP right-of-way, which varies in width from 30 feet (ft.) to 70 ft. The content and level of detail appropriate for this Class I Inventory report was discussed with Mr. Richard Anduze of SRP prior to report preparation. Because the primary objective is to facilitate planning for a 69 kV upgrade of an existing line, it was agreed that the best approach would be to inventory existing data sources and report the locations of previously identified sites and surveys in relation to the project corridor. This method provides the essential information concisely and expeditiously, but does not include a broad overview of the environmental or cultural setting, or any synthesis of the cultural resource data into research-oriented conclusions. Thus, the report is considered only a partial Class I inventory, but it includes all information necessary for the immediate planning-related purposes. Because the project extends across federal land, this report was written to conform to federal guidelines. This is a revised report.

Entranco conducted archaeological testing at AZ U:9:226 (ASM) in Mesa, Maricopa County, between November 3, 2000 and March 5, 2001. The testing was completed to evaluate the eligibility of AZ U:9:226 (ASM) for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The project was conducted at the request of the Arizona Department of Transportation prior to the proposed construction of the Red Mountain Freeway (RMF), Gilbert Road to Higley Road segment. As discussed in this document, the RMF corridor encompasses the entire freeway right-of-way (R/W) and consists of areas that will be disturbed by construction of the freeway, and areas that will not be disturbed. The archaeological testing at AZ U:9:226 (ASM) was limited to the area of proposed construction impacts, and is referred to as the “project area” throughout this report. The portion of AZ U:9:226 (ASM) located outside of the project area, but within the R/W, will not be affected by the proposed construction and therefore was not tested. AZ U:9:226 (ASM) represents the reported location of T-9 (Gasser 1987) or Casas del Oriente (?) (Howard and Huckleberry 1991; Macnider et al. 1999; Mitchell 1988). T-9 and Casas del Oriente are two names that have been assigned to the large habitation site that is located on Turney’s 1929 map of prehistoric settlements in the Salt River Valley. Because modern surveys found this location to be covered with citrus orchards and disturbed by gravel mining operations, the testing was recommended to determine the site’s location, boundaries, and the nature and integrity of subsurface deposits prior to ground disturbing activities (Macnider et al. 1999). Testing at AZ U:9:226 (ASM) consisted of total station mapping and the systematic excavation of 227 backhoe trenches. Ten dispersed subsurface features were discovered, including eight pits that are possibly prehistoric, one historic pit, and one canal of undetermined age; two pieces of flaked stone, and a small amount of historic glass and metal artifacts were also recorded. In addition, a segment of the Old Consolidated Canal, designated as AZ U:9:228 (ASM), was identified and recorded within the project area.

This document presents a data recovery plan to mitigate adverse effects to cultural resources within AZ U:10:123 (ASM) that will result from construction of the proposed Red Mountain Freeway (RMF), Gilbert Road to Higley Road segment in Mesa, Maricopa County, Arizona (Figure 1). The data recovery will be completed by Entranco, and was requested by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT). The project is to be completed as part of the final design contract between ADOT and Entranco for the Gilbert Road to Higley Road segment of RMF.

This document consists of a research design and work plan for archaeological testing at four cultural resource sites within the proposed Red Mountain Freeway (RMF), Gilbert Road to Higley Road segment in Mesa, Maricopa County, Arizona. Testing will be conducted to evaluate the eligibility of AZ U:9:226 (ASM), AZ U:10:117 (ASM), AZ U:10:122 (ASM), and AZ U:10:123 (ASM) for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) prior to proposed construction of the RMF. Nine cultural resource sites are intersected by this segment of the proposed RMF corridor. The Gilbert Road to Higley Road segment of the RMF will cross privately owned land, Arizona State Trust land administered by the Arizona State Land Department, and land administered by the Roosevelt Water Control District. Additional new right-of-way (R/W) is being obtained by ADOT from private landowners to complete this project. At the request of the ADOT Historic Preservation Coordinator (HPC), one cultural resource site that is located east of Higley Road, outside the Gilbert Road to Higley Road segment of the RMF, will also be included in the cultural resource investigations under this work plan. This site is located within a land parcel owned by the Maricopa County Flood Control District. For purposes of this work plan, however, the portion of the RMF containing the four cultural resource sites that are to be tested by Entrance is hereafter referred to as the project corridor.

Entranco conducted archaeological testing at AZ U:10:122 (ASM) and AZ U:10:123 (ASM) during October and November 2000. The testing was done to assess the eligibility of the two sites for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The project was completed at the request of the Arizona Department of Transportation prior to the proposed construction of the Red Mountain Freeway Gilbert Road to Higley Road segment, which will impact both AZ U:10:122 (ASM) and AZ U:10:123 (ASM). Testing including mapping, limited surface collection, and the excavation of hand units and backhoe trenches. Preliminary results of testing indicate that AZ U:10:122 consists of 32 rock features and a dispersed artifact scatter. Cultural materials at AZ U.122 (ASM) are limited to the surface with no subsurface artifacts present. Subsurface testing at AZ U:10:123 (ASM) identified two pithouses, three pits, and an area of cultural fill containing fire-cracked rock, charcoal, and burned organic material. Artifacts from both sites are of Hohokam manufacture; ceramics tentatively date AZ U:10:123 (ASM) to the Hohokam Sedentary-Classic period transition. Temporal information is not available from the limited ceramic collection at AZ U:10:122 (ASM). Based on the results of testing, AZ U:10:122 (ASM) appears to have limited information potential, and is not considered to be eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. The results of testing indicate that AZ U:10:123 (ASM) has the potential to contribute to further information regarding prehistoric use of the Salt river Valley, and it is considered to be eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. No further work is recommended for AZ U:10:122 (ASM); however data recovery investigations are recommended for AZ U:10:123 (ASM) to mitigate potential impacts from construction of the Red Mountain Freeway.

Archaeological investigations at Williams Air Force Base (WAFB), located in southeast Maricopa County, Arizona, were initiated in response to the 1991 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission’s (the Closure Commission) recommendation to close WAFB following the passage of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (the Closure Act) (Public Law 101-510, Title XXIX). SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants, conducted a cultural resource inventory on approximately 2000 acres of all portions of WAFB that had not been inventoried previously or were not occupied by existing facilities; inventory documents from previous investigations were examined as well. Three cultural properties (sites) were known from previous archaeological investigations at WAFB and on parcels adjacent to the base. The Midvale Site, AZ U:10:24(ASU), which lies under much of the administrative and residential area of the base, had already been surveyed and listed on the NRHP. The other two cultural properties (AZ U:10:20[ASU] and AZ U:10:25[ASU]) were re-examined and included in the evaluation process; the Midvale Site received no additional study. The cultural resource inventory for the 2000-acre portion of the base not previously inventoried resulted in the discovery and recording of nine additional sites (AZ U:10:60[ASM] through AZ U:10:68[ASM]). In order to define site boundaries and determine NRHP eligibility, a subsurface testing phase subsequently was implemented at eleven sites. Determination of boundaries during this phase was primarily for planning purposes and was not meant to be definitive. Following testing, 13 sites were defined within the base, including one site (a canal) that had not been identified during the cultural resource inventory. One of these sites is listed on the NRHP, four sites are not considered eligible for the NRHP, and eight sites are considered eligible for the NRHP. Revised treatment plan in accordance with the May 18, 1995 Programmatic Agreement.

This document reports the results of the archaeological testing of a small portion of Sleeping Snake Village (AZ BB:9:104 [ASM]), located on the Rancho Vistoso property, in the Town of Oro Valley, Arizona. The testing was conducted by SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants (SWCA) at the request of Vistoso Partners. The project area represents the proposed location of the No. 10 tee area for an 18-hole golf course. As the agency responsible for reviewing Clean Water Act Section 404 permit applications for the parcel, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has also assumed responsibility as the lead agency in maintaining compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Also in effect are provisions of the 1987 Planned Area Development (PAD) agreement between Vistoso Partners and the Town of Oro Valley, which requires that cultural resources on the property be treated in accordance with federal and state standards. Treatment of humans and funerary objects pursuant to provisions of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 (NAGPRA) and ARS §41-844 was in accordance with the 1994 Memorandum of Agreement (ARS §41-865, Case 94-20) among Vistoso Partners, SWCA, the Tohono O’odham Nation, and the Arizona State Museum that was developed specifically for the Rancho Vistoso project. Between December 15 and 22, 1994, SWCA, Inc., conducted subsurface testing near the northwestern edge of Sleeping Snake Village within an area that measured 95 m east-west and 130 m northsouth. Twenty-four features were identified and recorded during the excavation of nine backhoe trenches (totaling 380 m). The features included six pit structures, six possible pit structures, six trash mounds, two roasting pits, two other pits, and one subsurface midden. A single human burial, a secondary cremation, was encountered at the southern end of the project area. Thomas Motsinger served as Project Manager, and fieldwork was directed by Heidi Roberts. Crew members included Geri Antone, David Doak, Bill Grimm, and Lee Terzis. Chuck Sternberg drafted the figures, and Mary-Ellen Walsh-Anduze analyzed the ceramics. Part I of this report describes the field methods used during testing, followed by a description of the features that were recorded. Part II presents a data-recovery work plan for mitigating impacts to the parcel pursuant to Section 106.

Salt River Project (SRP) contracted with SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants, to conduct archaeological data recovery at the Overkill Site, AZ M:7:48(ASM), as part of the Mead to Phoenix 500 kV Transmission Line project. The Overkill Site is located on federal land administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The site is located approximately 15 miles south of Wikieup in Mohave County, Arizona. AZ M:7:48(ASM) is situated on a ridge between Burro Creek and Kaiser Spring Canyon, approximately 0.66 mile west of Highway 93 (Figure 1.1). The site was previously determined to be eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) by the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) with agreement by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, WAPA, and the Arizona and Nevada SHPOs signed a Programmatic Agreement that detailed the stipulations for construction of the transmission line in concurrence with SRP, the BLM, and the National Park Service (NPS). SWCA’s investigations were conducted under BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit No. AZ-000111. All material will be curated at the Arizona State Museum (ASM) in Tucson.

Archaeological investigations at Williams Air Force Base (WAFB), located in southeast Maricopa County, Arizona, were initiated in response to the 1991 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission’s (the Closure Commission) recommendation to close WAFB following the passage of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (the Closure Act) (Public Law 101-510, Title XXIX). Prior to closure or realignment of base facilities, preparation of an environment impact statement (EIS) was required, including documentation and evaluation of all cultural resources on WAFB. Each cultural resource was to be evaluated according to criteria established by the Secretary of the Interior for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), with recommendations provided regarding each property’s eligibility and recommendations for future protection or treatment (National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended). If a property was determined not to possess qualities required for inclusion to the NRHP, further protection or treatment would not be recommended. Should a property be found to possess such qualities, provisions would need to be developed to provide future protection. If a cultural property could not be protected, a treatment plan would need to be developed and implemented to mitigate impacts to that property. Insomuch as this document presents the findings of investigations at WAFB, it is also designed to provide the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (AFCEE) and the Air Force Base Conversion Agency (AFBCA) with information necessary to develop a Record of Decision that will detail acceptable measures of protection or treatment for each NRHP-eligible property. AFCEE contracted with Halliburton NUS Corporation to complete the EIS for WAFB. Halliburton NUS in turn subcontracted SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants, under Subcontract No. 4011 -92- 014, to conduct the cultural resource inventory for all portions of WAFB that previously had not been inventoried or were not occupied by existing facilities. SWCA conducted investigations on approximately 2000 acres of the base and examined inventory documents from previous investigations. Three cultural properties (sites) were known from previous archaeological efforts at WAFB and on parcels that lay adjacent to the base. The Midvale Site, AZ U:10:24(ASU), which lies under much of the administrative and residential area of the base, had already been surveyed and listed on the NRHP. The other two cultural properties (AZ U: 10:20, ASU, and AZ U: 10:25, ASU) were re-examined and included in the evaluation process; the Midvale Site received no additional study. In order to determine the number of cultural properties present at WAFB and to develop recommendations for those cultural properties, two levels of examination were necessary. First, a cultural resource inventory for the 2000-acre portion of the base not previously inventoried was conducted, resulting in the discovery and recording of nine additional sites (AZ U: 10:60, ASM, through AZ U: 10:68, ASM). The results are presented as Part I of this document. Second, to define site boundaries and determine NRHP eligibility, a subsurface testing phase was implemented at eleven sites. The boundary definition that took place was done primarily for planning purposes and was not meant to be definitive. Additional testing or monitoring may be required if construction occurs near the "boundary" of a National Register eligible site, and extent testing will be required on any eligible site prior to implementation of development plans. The results of testing are presented as Part II.

In consultation with the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), HALLIBURTON NUS conducted a preliminary data collection effort and "Class I Overview" of the Williams AFB property and surrounding area. This consisted of a literature search and review of files at the SHPO. The Class I Overview identified three archaeological sites on the Williams AFB property. The Midvale Site (AZ U:10:24, ASU) consists of a large prehistoric Hohokam village considered to be of cultural importance. The site has been studied in some detail, delineated, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The two other sites (AZ U:10:20, ASU, and AZ U:10:25, ASU) have been preliminarily identified on the basis of surface artifacts. Their areal extent has not been well defined, and it is not known whether they possess attributes that would qualify them for eligibility for the NRHP. A small portion of Site AZ U:10:20 (ASU) has received test excavations, but these efforts resulted in few data that would support NRHP eligibility of this site within Williams AFB (Goodfellow 1989). Most of the rest of the Williams AFB property had not been examined prior to this time for the presence of archaeological resources. However, because numerous such sites exist in the area surrounding Williams AFB, a strong possibility that other areas of the base also contain archaeological resources was considered likely.