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Background and objective: Neck pain is one of the most important factors for degenerative changes in cervical spine. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is best imaging modality for evaluation of changes in cervical spine due to neck pain. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of MRI findings in patients with neck pain. Material and methods: A convenient sample of 78 patients with neck pain was used in this descriptive cross-sectional investigation referred to radiology department of Gondal medical complex Gujranwala for evaluation of MRI findings of cervical spine in patients with neck pain during a time period of 4 months from January 24, 2022 to May 24, 2022. MRI was done using 1.5T scanner. Results: The patients belonged to the age group were between 13 to 80 years old, with a mean age ± SD of 44.83 ± 14.22 years. This study showed that female (53.8%) ratio was higher than male (46.2%). Total of 78 patients was suffering from neck pain only 10 were observed with radiating shoulder pain. There were no degenerative findings found in 16 patients. The most common radiological findings were disc osteophyte which account for 46 (59.0%) more prevalent at C5/C6 level. Conclusion: In this study, neck pain is commonly caused by degenerative changes in cervical spine and it is more common at C5/C6 level. MRI is best modality and it's a non-invasive approach for detecting degenerative diseases early and initiating treatment.

Background: The enlargement of prostate is known as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). It begins when the cells of the prostate gland begin to proliferate. BPH is caused by increased age and other factors associated with it. Objective: To determine the correlation of prostate volume with age and post-micturating residual (PMR) volume in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients of BPH that fulfilling inclusion criteria for 4 months, selected from Gondal Medical Complex Gujranwala during 14 January to 15 May 2022. Patients with prostate cancer, mild urinary tract or prostate surgery, and those with UTI or stone in bladder were excluded. Ultrasound was used to perform a transabdominal scan. Age, prostate volume (PV), and PMRV were the outcome parameters. Results: In this study hundred BPH positive patients were included. The mean age of patients with BPH, prostate weight, post-void residual volume of the participants was found to be 64.89±14.12 years, 54.68±29.42g, and 22.47±14.75ml respectively. In this study the correlation value of age of patients with BPH and prostate volume was 0.212 and P-value was 0.035 which was significant but the correlation between PV and PMRV was not significant because the correlation value of PV and PMRV was 0.032 and P-value was 0.751. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was significant correlation between Age and BPH but no significant correlation between BPH and PMRV.

The respiratory system is a complex interconnected functionality which consists of a series of branching tubules and the lungs containing many alveoli. The alveoli are highly vascularized to provide a large surface area for gaseous exchange. The investigation was conducted in the Fauji Foundation Hospital’s Department of Microbiology from November 2019 to June 2022.. The various bacterial strains that were recovered from a total of 802 mechanically intubated individuals make up the data presented in this study.Acinetobacterspp 270 (34%),Pseudomonsspp 165(21%), andKlebsiellaspp 95 (12%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Main Gram-positive organisms isolated includedMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus66 (8%), Enterococcus 48 (6%).MRSAwas 100% sensitive to Vancomycin, but only 97% sensitive to the Linezolid. TheAcinetobacterspp found in the tracheal tubes was reported to be 77% sensitive to Polymyxin B.

Aims: To observe the status of salinity build up besides inorganic nutrient status at different sites in Kargah and Napuras streams of Gilgit valley. Study Design: one-way ANOVA means using LSD test. Place and Duration of Study: Kargah and Napuras streams and nearby village in Gilgit valley and the duration of the study was 3 months. Methodology: Soil and water sampling to analyze pertinent salinity parameters besides inorganic nutrient status. Results: Soil and water properties for important salinity parameters were normal at mid point after entering the village areas of Kargah and Napuras streams. Human activities especially to raise crops by applying fertilizers needs to monitor with a specific time scale in order to avoid salinity build up.

The present study focuses on investigating the behavioral psychology of the protagonist, Iskender as a killer from the text Honour by Elif Shafak, a renowned Turkish novelist. Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (1977) presents the importance of Observational Learning, Imitation, and Modeling in an individual's social learning and personality development. He propounds that behavior, cognition, and other environmental influences: all operate as interacting determinants to influence the development of an individual. Hence, by taking the cognitive framework of Bandura, and by tracking the factors behind the felony committed by Iskender in the name of honor, the researchers have analyzed Iskender’s behavioral psychology and guilt-oriented self. The study showed that Iskender was not criminal by nature but had been forced to act on honor ideology. Honor serves as a social code in Turkish Islamic culture and the analysis shed light on the moral principles or ethos in Turkish society implying that moral degradation and honor-killing practices are an everyday phenomenon in Turkish Islamic culture. The arguments in the study provided a lens to the readers to understand the psyche of the accused; Iskender was a victim of culturally transmitted ideology. Society, culture, and immediate relations served as the powerful influences on him in instigating him to commit this felony. Besides, the analysis exposed the subaltern position of women in Turkish culture. The study is a positive addition to Turkish literature and literature on honor killing.

The increasing occurrence of maternal hydronephrosis is causing concern across the world. Hydronephrosis during pregnancy is graded by using sonographic techniques. Objective: On ultrasonography, determine the consistency of maternal hydronephrosis during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: A descriptive study was done at the Gilani Ultrasound center. There were following variables; trimesters, a baby's weight and three grades of hydronephrosis (Mild, Moderate and Severe). The data was collected based on these variables (Right, left). Pregnant women with kidney disease and without kidney disease were preferred. Pregnant women of all ages who are in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy are included in this study. Pregnant women in their first trimester and people with kidney problems were not included in the study. Toshiba and XARIO ultrasound machines and convex probe were used. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: With the standard deviation of 4.26, minimum 18.00, maximum 41.00 and mean of 6.85 out of 139 pregnant females were included according to age in this study.68 (48.9%) out of 139 were without hydronephrosis and 71 (51.1%) were with hydronephrosis. Out of 139 pregnant females 18 (25.4%) had moderate hydronephrosis, 53 (74.6%) had mild hydronephrosis. According to laterality 2 (2.8%) pregnant females had bilateral hydronephrosis 20 (28.2%) had left sided hydronephrosis and 48 (67.6%) had right sided hydronephrosis. During 3rd trimester 44 (62.0%) and during 2nd trimester 27 (38.0%). According to fetal lie 11 (15.5%) were transverse and 60(84.5%) were longitudinal. According to fetal position 46 (64.8%) were cephalic and 25 (35.2%) were breech. Conclusion: According to the findings, hydronephrosis is more common in the third trimester than in the second trimester. Mild hydronephrosis is more common than moderate and severe hydronephrosis.

In the recent past, the world in general and Pakistan in particular faced a drastic fuel price change, affecting the economic productivity of the country. This has drawn the attention of empirical researchers to analyze the abrupt change in fuel prices. This study takes a lead and investigates for the first time, in the literature related to Pakistan, the presence of multiple fuel price bubbles, with the purpose of knowing if the price driver is due to demand or it is exuberant consumer behavior that prevails and contributes to a sudden boom in fuel price series. The empirical analysis is performed through a recently proposed state-of-the-art generalized sup ADF (GSADF) approach on six commonly used fuel price series, namely, LDO (light diesel oil), HSD (high-speed diesel), petrol, natural gas, kerosene, and MS (motor spirit). The bubble analysis for each of the six fuel price series is based on monthly data from July 2005 to August 2020. The findings provide evidence of the existence of multiple bubbles in all series considered. Specifically, four bubbles are detected in each of the kerosene and natural gas price series, whereas three bubbles are noted in each of the HSD, LDO, petrol and MS price series. The maximum duration of occurrence of bubbles is of 12 months for kerosene. The date-stamping of the bubbles shows that the financial crisis of 2008 contributed to the emergence of bubbles that pushed oil prices upward and caused a depreciation in the national currency.

The purpose of this study is to find the relationship of service quality, loyalty, trust employee satisfaction and technology acceptance with the effectiveness of electronic customer relationship management. Organizations are introducing internet based technology to make their business convenient for the existing as well as potential customers and through their feedback also manage their performance. The research was conducted in the banking sector of Pakistan and data was collected from over 500 employees and customers including the top five banks of the country. The findings showed that only service quality and loyalty were the significant predictors of E_CRM system effectiveness. It is anticipated that results of this study will not only expand the scope of study for researchers at the academic level, but also may make policy makers and managers to realize the significance of E-CRM. Its implementation will ultimately result in achieving the higher level of customer satisfaction which is imperative in banking sector.

Stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a major disease in many wheat growing regions. The objective of this study was to characterise stripe rust resistance in a common wheat landrace PI388231, originated from Sindh province of Pakistan, which confers high to moderate levels of resistance against Pst pathotypes prevalent in Pakistan. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed by crossing PI388231 with the susceptible parent Avocet ‘s’. Screening of this population with Pakistani Pst pathotype 574212 in glasshouse indicated the presence of a single gene and the locus was temporarily named YrPak. Bulked segregant analysis using the targeted genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) platform located YrPak on the short arm of chromosome 5B. YrPak-linked SNPs were converted into kompetitive-allele specific PCR (KASP) markers and were genotyped on the parents. Five KASP markers sunKASP_330, sunKASP_334, sunKASP_335, sunKASP_338 and sunKASP_341 that showed clear clustering between parents were tested on the entire RIL population. Markers sunKASP_338 and sunKASP_341 flanked YrPak. The markers sunKASP_338 and sunKASP_341 amplified alleles alternate to those linked with YrPak in 86% and 83% of wheat cultivars tested, respectively. This population segregated for two adult plant resistance genes in addition to YrPak. The presence of pleiotropic locus Yr46/Lr67/Sr55 was confirmed using the gene specific marker TM10_67T and the second gene remains unknown.

Objective: To determine clinical presentation of children below 5 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection Design & duration: This is across sectional study completed in six months of duration Setting: Study was conducted in Pediatric out-patient door of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Patients and methods: Children below five years of age presenting with acute respiratory tract infection in out-patient door of study hospital were included in this study. Consecutive sampling technique used. Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied in selection of patients. Patients having co-morbidities other than RTI, chronic respiratory disease, congenital disease, critically ill or mentally retarded were excluded from study. All data was documented on a Performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results were calculated in the form of frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. Consent was taken from parents of children for including data of their children in the study. Permission was taken from ethical committee of the study hospital as well. Results: Total 380 cases were studied. Average age was 2.5±1.4 years. Mostly children were between 13-24 months of age. Most common presenting complaint was shortness of breath and cough in 38.4% and 24.5% cases. Majority of cases (75.3%) were treated by clinicians. Conclusion: Acute respiratory tract infection is most common disease among children below five years of age which usually present in the form of shortness of breath and cough. Self-treatment is not sufficient; hence doctor advice is required. Key words: Acute respiratory tract infection, shortness of breath, cough, pneumonia

Objective: To determine frequency of patients with malnutrition on repeated dialysis due to chronic kidney disease. Design and duration: This is a cross sectional study, completed in one year of duration. Setting: This study was conducted in dialysis unit of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. Patients and methods: Patients coming to dialysis unit for repeated dialysis due to chronic kidney disease were selected for study using randomized sampling technique. Patients having any other co-morbidity other than CKD or admitted in hospital due to severe illness were excluded from the study. Those patients were studied who were on dialysis for more than a year. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Confidence interval was 95% with 5% margin of error. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Results were calculated in the form of percentages and frequency and presented via tables and graphs. Results: This study was conducted on 170 cases with chronic kidney disease. Mean age of patients was 49±5.8 years. There were 56.4% male and 43.5% female cases in study group. Mean duration of disease was 3.8±2.3 years. Mild malnutrition was present in 28.2% cases, moderate in 54.1% and severe malnutrition in 17.6% patients. Conclusion: Majority of patients on repeated hemodialysis due to CKD have mild to moderate malnutrition which may become severe with the passage of time. Key words: Malnutrition, Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis

Four acceptor–donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type of iodo-substituted subphthalocyanine (Subpcs) donor molecules have been designed with π-conjugated rigid tetrahedral geometry in which aromatic ring of three units combined around boron atom bearing a macrocycle core with perpendicular axial ligand. Subphthalocyanine are substituted with four different acceptor moieties (Z)-methyl 3-cyanobut-2-enoate (M1), (Z)-5-ethylidene-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazocidin-4-one (M2), 2-(2-methylene-3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene) malononitrile (M3), m-ethyl 2(5-methylene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetate (M4). The expansion of pyrrole ring is increased by benzoannulation of axial group which attached to enhance their HOMO energy levels. The optoelectronic properties of designed ADA subphthalocyanine molecules have been computed with B3LYP/LanL2DZ combination of density functional theory. The energy gap (EH-L) of reference molecule is 2.71 eV. The M2 exhibited the narrow band gap (2.15 eV) among other designed donor molecules due to their strong electron-withdrawing group. This computational study and results showed that these designed molecules have large influence on increasing the performance of organic solar cells as small organic materials.

The paper presents a set of qualitative and quantitative data (including interviews with policy instigators, academics and social/cultural influencers of different age ranges, backgrounds and professions, as well as an online survey conducted for the general public) which are gathered to explore and unpack cultural dynamics and the nature of the concepts of change and modernization in the local Qatari society in order to understand their influences on shaping the dialectics, issues and problems within the discourse on Qatari identity and its formation process.

This study aims to elucidate the appropriate factor structure for Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HADS) for assessment of anxiety and depression symptoms during pregnancy among Pakistani women. This cross-sectional study was conducted during a 5 month period (2014) in four teaching hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Convenience sampling was done to recruit pregnant women availing obstetrics and gynecology services for routine prenatal or perinatal care in the respective departments of the four institutes. Trained interviewers interviewed the consenting participants using a pre-tested scale. All data were analyzed using SPSS v.20. Factor structure of the HADS was explored using Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) method. Goodness of fit of the factor structure was assessed using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Cronbach’s alpha value for whole scale was good (α = 0.81). Sensitivity analysis involving assessment of Cronbach’s alpha value after removal of each item, did not reveal any major deviations in overall internal consistency of the HADS. Parallel analysis suggested one factor solution to be viable. When one factor was extracted as a uni-dimensional measure of anxiety and depression: item 11 (I feel restless as I have to be on the move) and 14 (I can enjoy a good book or radio or TV program) were deemed problematic for having low communalities and factor loading values.

Objectives: Ropivacaine also bupivacaine remained associated in numerous mixtures for orthopedic also obstetrics cases. Researchers have associated medical efficiency of 2 joint vertebral epidural medicine routines by means of equivalent capacity of 0.76% isobaric ropivacaine to 0.6% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally, also 0.126% of unadorned medicine laterally by epidural opioid for elective inferior stomach operations. Methodology: Our current research was led at stud Jinnah Hospital Lahore from April 2018 to January 2019. 60 cases of ASA 1 otherwise 2 of any gender, among 19 to 61 years of age arranged for elective operation underneath mutual backbone besides epidural anesthesia (CSEA) remained arbitrarily owed into 2 sets. Bupivacaine set (B) established 4 ml of 0.6% bupivacaine intrathecally also 0.126% bupivacaine by fentanyl 3 μg/ml epidurally whereas Ropivacaine set (R), established 4 ml of 0.76% ropivacaine intrathecally also 0.126% ropivacaine by fentanyl 3 μg/ml epidurally. The 2 sets remained associated for beginning of painlessness, beginning of motor obstruction, period of painlessness, period for motor retrieval also hemodynamic variables. Results: Here remained not any substantial hemodynamic vagaries in individual sets. The beginning of motor chunk remained alike in mutually sets (5 minutes) nevertheless beginning of sensory chunk remained earlier by set B cases (5 minutes) as associated to set R (7 minutes). The period of numbness in addition time till requirement for start of epidural distillation stayed lengthier in set B (220.61 + 12.678 minutes) once associated to set R (197.41 + 24.217 minutes). Though, period for reversion of motor obstruction remained earlier in set R (173.21 + 12.713 minutes) as associated to set B (206.21 + 14.425 minutes), easing initial ambulation of respondents. Conclusion: Our current research demonstrates that together routines remained similar in footings of equal of chunk, painlessness also hemodynamic steadiness. Intrathecal ropivacaine also epidural ropivacaine by fentanyl remained revealed to outcome in adequate level of chunk, comprehensive painlessness also hemodynamic steadiness. The beginning of painlessness though remained quicker in cases that established intrathecal bupivacaine.

The expansion of research in forensic neuropsychiatric practice has led to several developments with an interdisciplinary focus in legal systems and psychiatry around the globe. Given the dearth of scientometric analyses in this area, this article will help increase knowledge of publication trends in law and psychiatry, and will also highlight the scant attention given on forensic psychiatry research in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Web of Science (WoS) Network Analysis Interface for Literature Studies (NAILS) platform software was used to conduct statistical and Social Network Analysis (SNA) of citation records, in order to obtain journal rankings based on citations, popularity, and highly cited keywords. A total of 7184 articles were published through November, 2016 in the journals selected for analysis. These items were cited a total of 44,033 times in 25,286 articles and a total of 36,441 times without self-citations in 22,105 articles. The keywords cited most frequently in these journals were psychopathy, risk assessment, delinquency, recidivism, violence, sex offender, aggression, treatment, assessment, adolescents, offenders, prison, mental illness, homicide, prisoners, gender, rehabilitation, sexual offenders, meta-analysis, self-control, the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised, suicide, personality disorder, and forensic psychiatry. None of the most influential articles were published from LMICs, and funding opportunities were poor.

Background: Abstaining of offspring beforehand anesthesia remains compulsory nevertheless destroyed through logistical problems. Here might remain unintended protracted abstaining owing to absence of modified abstaining strategies for offspring imminent for operations. Researchers meant to have the review of national of pre-operational fasting in current pediatric cases. Methodology: The survey grounded, pro-sectional, short-term review which remained led at services Hospital Lahore from April 2017 to September 2017. The overall 112 broods, whose ages were of 17 arranged for pediatric operation remained encompassed in information gathering. The surveys remained to stay occupied moreover via anesthesia advisor or else apprentices. The data connected to period of abstaining also slightly additional oral hydration, remained achieved from cases’ maternities/custodians. The period of abstaining remained then associated through suggested one. Results: In our current research solitary 5% of broods would remain branded as with the best abstaining. Grounded on existing strategies, in 97% of offspring, strategies remained not trailed. Conclusion: Pediatric respondents remain being endangered to protracted periods of abstaining preceding to anesthesia also operation in contradiction of recognized standards also strategies. Key words: Abstaining, Period; Hydration; Pediatric.

Catatonic schizophrenia is defined by catatonia seen either with alternating phases of stupor and motor rigidity or the extreme phase of catatonic excitement. This variant of schizophrenia has been identified with poor prognosis, mainly due to the higher association with negative symptoms and young age onset. In this paper, we illustrate a similar clinical picture of catatonic schizophrenia in two brothers, with no genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and no proximal stressors apart from the aggressive/violent behavior of their elder brother. Case presentation 1 (Patient A): An 18-year-old male from a lower socio-economic class with no previous mental health issues presented to the emergency department with complete mutism, marked psychomotor retardation, posturing along with a refusal to drink or eat, and complete lack of self-care for about two months. The diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia was made, and the patient was started orally on aripiprazole and lorazepam. On the third day of admission, noticeable changes were observed, and in the following days, he started eating and going to the toilet while still being completely mute. After two weeks on treatment, he started responding with one-word answers. Case presentation 2 (Patient B): The biological brother of patient A, a 30-year-old male, presented on the same day with an identical history of mutism, decreased psychomotor activity, posturing along with a refusal to drink or eat, and lack of self-care for the past few months. The diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia was made. The patient was started orally on both, olanzapine and lorazepam. He showed a quicker response to treatment with the maintenance of eye contact on the second day of treatment and started giving short answers to questions on the fifth post-admission day. We here discuss a possible genetic predisposition to catatonic schizophrenia and its initial improvement with lorazepam and subsequent treatment with olanzapine proving to be more efficacious than aripiprazole.

The semen of an HIV-infected man is the most widely recognized method of HIV transmission. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) frequently results in an imperceptible blood HIV RNA viral load (VL), and it has been proposed that there might be no danger of sexual transmission in this specific situation. Be that as it may, the effect of viable HAART on HIV levels in semen requires additionally consider. We played out an imminent, longitude semen of an HIV-contaminated man is the most widely recognized method of HIV transmission. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) regularly results in an imperceptible blood HIV RNA viral load (VL), and it has been proposed that there might be no danger of sexual transmission in this unique situation. Be that as it may, the effect of viable HAART on HIV levels in semen requires additionally think about. We played out a forthcoming, longitudinal investigation of semen and blood HIV RNA levels after HAART commencement and a cross-sectional examination in men on long-haul viable HAART. Compelling HAART was characterized as the accomplishment of an imperceptible blood VL. udinal investigation of semen and blood HIV RNA levels after HAART commencement, and a cross-sectional examination in men on long-haul powerful HAART. Viable HAART was characterized as the accomplishment of an imperceptible blood VL. These findings demonstrate that neither systemic nor mucosal HIV-specific CD8+ responses, when assayed with IFN production as an endpoint, were associated with reduced HIV RNA levels in blood or semen. Semen HIV RNA levels did correlate with local inflammatory cytokines and CMV reactivation. Furthermore, despite effective HAART a significant proportion of HIV-infected men continued to shed HIV RNA in semen.

Objective: To decide the hazard factors related with improvement of diabetic foot ulcers Study Design: Descriptive/cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: This investigation was directed at the Department of Internal Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore from first January 2017 to 31st July 2017. Materials and Methods: A hundred and fifty diabetics were matured between 20- 75 years of intense OPD / crisis with diabetic foot ulcers. The investigation prohibited patients with congestive heart deception, incessant kidney deception and endless liver diseaseThe history of diabetes and its administration has been takenA point - by - point general physical examination was undertaken in each situation along with a touch examination and an ABI test using Doppler ultrasound. Blood testing was sent to HbA1c for control of glycemics. Ulcer flotsam and jetsam have been sent for culture and emotion. Results: There were 90 men and 60 women. Fringe neuropathy was available in 53.3% patients, 64% had missing or reduced fringe beats, 46.7% had poor glycemic control. Up to 90 percent of patients experienced basic contamination. In 40 percent of cases, footwear injury was available. Thirty (20%) patients needed long - term removal while rest were moderately supervised. Conclusion: Prolonged diabetes, nearness of basic contamination, fringe vascular sickness and fringe neuropathy are the real hazard factors in charge of improvement of diabetic foot ulcer. There is a critical need to instruct diabetic with respect to strict glycemic control and fastidious foot care. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic foot ulcer, Amputation

This paper presents a novel metric to compare the computational complexity of various digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms used in wireless communications systems. The proposed metric is based on measuring the power consumed by most common mathematical operations, and then, evaluating the total computational power for a given algorithm by considering all mathematical operations performed within that algorithm. Consequently, the widely used computational complexity metric that is computed for each mathematical operation separately is combined into a single metric for the entire algorithm. Therefore, the comparison between different algorithms becomes simpler and more informative. Moreover, the power metric itself is beneficial for practical applications since it can be used to indicate the feasibility of implementing a particular algorithm in field programmable gate array (FPGA) based hardware. The operations considered in this work are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, all implemented using FPGA for different number of operations and operating frequencies. The obtained results show that the power consumption of such operations is approximately linear as a function of the number of operations and operating frequencies. Moreover, the relative power of the subtraction, multiplication and division with respect to the addition is equal to 1.09, 3.92 and 222.79, respectively. The obtained results are used to evaluate the computational power of several signal processing algorithms in wireless receivers. The obtained results imply that the computational power of several algorithms is prohibitively large for FPGA prototyping.

Introduction Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous tumor of intermediate to low-grade malignancy. COL1A1-PDGFβ translocation is specific to dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, where the abnormally fused COL1A1-PDGFβ gene directs formation of an abnormal combined (fusion) protein that researchers believe to ultimately function like the platelet-derived growth factor-beta protein. Case presentation In this report, we present a case of a 63-year-old Asian man with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the right orbit with intracranial extension. He had a prior history of recurrent leiomyomas at the identical site. He underwent near-total en bloc resection of the tumor through a wide craniectomy with a 6cm rim of the frontal scalp, allowing the tumor to be resected en bloc, leaving negative margins. Microscopically, the tumor comprised spindle cells with mild nuclear atypia and a low mitotic index embedded in a spiraling pattern of decussating fascicles consistent with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The lesion was positive for CD34 and BCL2. Following resection, the patient was started on imatinib mesylate therapy (800mg/day). Conclusions We propose that platelet-derived growth factor, which has been implicated in the progression of leiomyomas by augmenting mitogenesis, may have acted in an autocrine manner to cause cell division, which may have led to the development of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in our patient. Further research is imperative to find certain molecular associations between the discussed soft tissue tumors. Also important is the effective utilization of platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors to prevent transformation to any platelet-derived growth factor–driven tumor, which in our patient was a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

To investigate the association of passive smoking with respiratory symptoms and clinical correlates in married women in a rural area of Pakistan.A Cross-sectional study was carried out on married women of Nurpur Shahan (rural Islamabad) by means of an Interviewer administered questionnaire. Systematic sampling of households was done. A total of 296 women were surveyed. The study period extended from January to July 2009. All data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v 10.0.The two major respiratory symptoms that were found to be associated with passive smoking were sinusitis [adjusted O.R(95% CI) 2.2 (1.3 - 3.5), p = 0.001] and cough [adjusted O.R (95% CI) 2.4 (1.2 - 4.8), p = 0.017]. Wood used as fuel for cooking purposes also contributed to one of the symptoms such as headache (p = 0.007). The pulse rate (79 +/- 11 beats/min) of the passive smoking women was statistically significantly higher than the pulse rate (76 +/- 9 beats/min) of the non-passive smoking women (p = 0.012).Passive smoking was found to be associated with respiratory symptoms among married women in this study. Higher pulse rate was associated with passive smoking.

This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel, low-cost solar powered car cooling system for idle parked cars. This system is targeted towards Gulf countries such as the United Arab Emirates as high ambient temperature changes may cause interior damage to the car and pose a significant burn threat for young, disabled or elderly passengers. The main objective of this system is to significantly reduce the temperature inside the parked vehicle without starting the engine and using vehicle's own A/C system. The proposed cooling prototype utilizes thermoelectric element to cool the air inside the car and mirco fan system to accelerate the heat exchange. The system is powered by the external battery and recharged by the top-mounted solar panels. The system's connectivity is leveraged by Wi-Fi technology operated via mobile phones that enable remote monitoring and control of the temperature inside the car. The initial tests carried out on the car model indicate modest cooling effects in the range of 4° C, but can be significantly boosted by the increased power and improved heat exchange.