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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study is to investigate the differences in body composition between differently trained men and women. This research included 159 participants (84 male and 75 female) divided into 5 groups according to activity level: PI - physically inactive, PA - physically active, SP - strength and power athletes, EA - endurance athletes, TS - team sports athletes. The testing procedure of measuring body composition was carried out by the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA, InBody 720). Of the statistical analysis, ANOVA and MANOVA were used. The results showed that there is a significant difference in body composition parameters between differently trained men and women (p = 0.000; F = 2.470; η² = 0.356, on average). Both in groups of men and women the biggest differences were observed between PI, EA and other groups (F = from 9.656 to -1.673, p = from 0.000 to 0.043; F = from 10.966 to 1.073, p = from 0.000 to 0.050, respectively). The results showed that every physical activity is beneficial from the aspect of body composition status and that the most crucial factor in improving body composition status is the regularity of physical activity. It has been shown that regular physical activity leads to a decrease in muscle fat and an increase in muscle mass and protein. Also, it has been shown that practicing a physical activity typical for endurance sports has the most significant positive impact on body composition status and leads to a significant decrease in body fat mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sportis: Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education & Psychomotricity is the property of Sportis: Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education & Psychomotricity and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este metaanálisis examina el impacto de la actividad física en la salud ósea y muscular en mujeres postmenopáusicas, una población particularmente vulnerable a la disminución de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y la masa muscular debido a la reducción de los niveles de estrógenos. La búsqueda exhaustiva incluyó estudios hasta junio de 2023 en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Cochrane Library, seleccionando aquellos que evaluaron los efectos de la actividad física en la DMO y la masa muscular en mujeres postmenopáusicas. Se incluyeron 14 estudios con un total de 2,120 participantes. Los resultados mostraron que la actividad física, especialmente los ejercicios de resistencia y aeróbicos, tuvo un efecto positivo significativo en la DMO de la columna lumbar y la cadera femoral. Además, se observó un aumento en la masa muscular y la fuerza en las mujeres que participaron en programas de actividad física regular, en comparación con aquellas que no lo hicieron. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de la actividad física regular para la salud ósea y muscular en mujeres postmenopáusicas, destacando los ejercicios de resistencia y de alto impacto como especialmente beneficiosos. La evidencia sugiere que la actividad física debería ser una parte integral de las recomendaciones clínicas para esta población, ya que puede desempeñar un papel crucial en la prevención de la osteoporosis y la sarcopenia. En conclusión, la actividad física regular es una intervención efectiva y no farmacológica para mejorar la salud ósea y muscular en mujeres postmenopáusicas.

El propósito de este estudio, fue investigar los efectos de dos tipos de entrenamiento de fuerza (RT), uno basado en la velocidad de desplazamiento de la carga (VBT), versus otro realizado al 70-80% de 1RM (PBT), sobre la masa muscular (MM), densidad mineral ósea (DMO), componente mineral óseo (CMO), activación neuromuscular (EMG), fuerza máxima en sentadilla (FSQ), salto vertical (VJ), potencia de pedaleo (PP) y velocidad de desplazamiento sobre 30 m (RV30). 31 mujeres se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en los dos grupos: VBT (n=16) o PBT (n=15), que entrenaron 3 veces por semana, durante 12 semanas. Antes y después del entrenamiento se determinaron los valores de FSQ, VJ, PP, RV30, BMD, BMC, MM y EMG. El grupo VBT entrenó a una velocidad propulsiva (VMP) de 0,68 ±0,08 m s − 1 y PBT entrenó a 70-80% de 1RM. El RT produjo aumentos significativos (p < 0,05) en los dos grupos en FSQ (VBT 33,79%, PBT 27,94%), VJ (VBT 19,11%, 8,77% PBT), RV30 (VBT 6,27%, PBT 1,66%), PP (VBT 32,2%, PBT 16,11%), MM sin grasa (VBT 3,7%, PBT 2,64%) CMO (VBT 0,39%, PBT 0,25%) y en DMO (VBT 0,76%, PBT 0,80%). No se observaron variaciones significativas en la actividad EMG en ninguno de los grupos. Se identificaron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos de entrenamiento para DMO, PP, CMJ y RV30. En conclusión, el grupo VBT mostró mejores resultados que PBT con una menor carga de entrenamiento, lo cual es importante para un mejor seguimiento de la fatiga durante el entrenamiento de fuerza.

This study aims to investigate body typologies based on a combination of basic anthropo-morphological characteristics and body composition measured by multichannel bioimpedance in a sample from the adult population of Lebanon. A total of 302 subjects (173 males and 129 females) without acute or chronic health disorders were included in the study. Body composition was measured by the multichannel bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method, using the i30 device (MEDIANA, Korea). The research used 10 variables, including three basic anthropo-morphological variables, three for assessing fat, three for assessing the muscle component, and one index variable. K-means cluster analysis was used to define five specific clusters (5D) of body types based on sex. In light of the results, the study established five distinct clusters representing five different body typologies among Lebanese adults, categorized by sex: Male sample, Group 1 – Obese Endomorph (15.61 %), Group 2 – Balanced Mesomorph (16.76 %), Group 3 – Short Endomorph (30.06 %), Group 4 – Short Mesomorph (34.10 %), and Group 5 – Pathological Obese Endomorph (3.47 %); Female sample, Group 1– Obese Endomorph (2.33 %), Group 2 – Short Endo/Mesomorph (28.68 %), Group 3 – Short Ectomorph (32.56 %), Group 4 – Endomorph (22.48 %), and Group 5 – Balanced Mesomorph (13.95 %). Furthermore, the results indicated that the primary factor contributing to the distinctions among the identified clusters in terms of sex is fat tissue. This leads to the conclusion that eating habits cause the given differences, rather than the level of physical activity, regardless of sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: la desnutrición (DN) en la persona mayor (PM) al ingreso hospi- talario alcanza el 60,00 %. Las hospitalizaciones de más de ocho días muestran una reducción significativa de la masa muscular (MM) y la fuerza muscular (FM). Objetivo: determinar el efecto de los primeros 10 días de hospitalización sobre la evolución de la MM, según la circunferencia de la pantorrilla (CP), la circunferencia muscular del brazo (CMB), el espesor del músculo aductor del pulgar (EMAP) y la FM. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y longi- tudinal. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) y las mediciones antropométricas (peso, talla, CP, CMB, EMAP y FM) se realizaron a las 24-48 horas del ingreso del paciente, y a los 10 días. Resultados: la muestra quedó conformada por 49 PM. Predominó el sexo feme- nino (57,00 %; n = 28). La media de edad fuede77±8,2años(IC:95%=75,2-80 años) y un rango de 65 a 96 años. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio fue de 24,6 ± 4,3 kg/m2 (IC: 95 % = 23,4-25,8) y un rango de 17,3 a 34,6 kg/m2. La prevalencia de evolución desfavorable de la MM fue del 67,30 %, 55,10 % y 51,00 %, según CP, CMB y EMAP, respectivamente. Para la FM, la evolución favorable predominó en un 53,10 %. Conclusión: la hospitalización empeora la evolución de la MM, sin poder confirmar lo mismo para la FM. La MM, según el EMAP, fue la que presentó mayor dispersión.

Introducción: La sarcopenia aumenta el riesgo de caídas y fracturas, además de relacionarse con diversas enfermedades y aumento de la mortalidad. Distintos grupos de investigación proponen diferentes definiciones para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia, que incluyen la medición de la masa muscular por DEXA y la valoración de la fuerza de prensión palmar a través de un dinamómetro de mano. Sin embargo, estos 2 instrumentos no están habitualmente disponibles en los consultorios médicos. Objetivos: Determinar la utilidad diagnóstica de 2 pruebas de rendimiento físico: velocidad de marcha e incorporarse de una silla, como herramientas para la detección de pacientes con probable sarcopenia. Metodología: Se incluyeron 706 mujeres, entre 50 y 85 años, a las que se realizó las pruebas funcionales y DXA (n=376) para medir la masa muscular. Resultados: El 26,1% registró una velocidad de marcha disminuida mientras que el 55,3% presentó alteración en la realización de la prueba de incorporarse de una silla. La prevalencia de sarcopenia varió desde un 4,5% hasta un 35% según los criterios utilizados. Ambas pruebas presentaron un alto valor predictivo negativo (>70%) para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia, mientras que la prueba de incorporarse de una silla mostró además, una alta sensibilidad (> 66%) para dicho diagnóstico. Conclusión: La implementación en el consultorio de estas pruebas sencillas y sin costo, simplificaría la detección de pacientes con probable sarcopenia.

Introduction. In the sports field, core stability is crucial for maintaining balance during the execution of specific movements. Few studies have determined the relationship between sports performance, stability, and muscle activity. Objective. To explore the relationship be-tween maximum oxygen consumption and factors such as electrical activity of core muscles, body composition, and core stability in university athletes. Materials and Methods. This descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study involved athletes from fourteen sports disciplines. Five variables were measured, including the maximum amplitude of electromyography of core muscles, the area of static and dynamic stability, and the percentage of muscle mass. Instruments such as wireless surface electromyography sensors, 3D inertial sensors, and ergoespirometry equipment were used. The software Jamovi v 2.3.28.0 was utilized for variable calculation. Results. There was a significant and positive correlation between the percentage of muscle mass, amplitude, and maximum oxygen consumption. When discriminated by sports discipline, differences were found in the studied variables. A positive and significant correlation was observed between maximum amplitude and muscle percentage in all sports, except football and softball. In rugby, a positive and significant correlation was found between muscle percentage and maximum oxygen consumption. No correlation was found between voltage amplitude and stability in athletes, indicating that sports stability is more complex than simply focusing on the core. Conclusion. The study redefines the understanding of stability and its connection to sports performance, providing insights for developing effective training strategies. It is necessary to consider body composition in the evaluation and planning of training to achieve more effective workouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare dietary intake to published recommendations and to analyze the potential relationship between body composition and dietary intake in collegiate athletes. Eighteen healthy male middle-and longdistance runners (age 20.11 ± 2.72 y; height, 174.7 ± 6.1 cm; body mass, 64.0 ± 7.7 kg), were recruited from a Mexican university track and field team at the beginning of the general preparation phase for national competitions. Participants completed three 24-hour dietary recalls, which were used to estimate dietary intake. Body composition was measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Athletes displayed high body fat values. Protein intake was significantly higher than published recommendations. Iron, zinc, sodium, and vitamin C intake were significantly higher than recommended values, while potassium and calcium intake were below established recommendations. No significant correlations between body composition variables (i.e body fat, lean body mass, bone mineral content) and dietary intake (i.e energy, macronutrients and selected vitamins and minerals) could be found. These findings suggest that coaches and practitioners should pay close attention to dietary intake and body composition of endurance athletes starting general preparation for competition. Future studies on changes of dietary intake and body composition during off-season and competitive phase, which also track physical activity, are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La composición corporal permite develar las características de un atleta de acuerdo a las exigencias competitivas, por lo tanto, su relación con la fuerza explosiva (FE) y la agilidad en el baloncesto es relevante debido a las acciones propias de este tipo de deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la composición corporal, la FE y la agilidad en jugadores de baloncesto profesional. La muestra fue de 18 jugadores (edad 23.9 ± 3.3 años, peso de 87.9 ±11.7 kg, talla 188.8 ±9.9 cm, masa muscular 46.5 ±4.8 kg, masa ósea 13.2 ±1.8 kg, porcentaje de grasa 14.1±3.6%), en los cuales se evaluó la composición corporal, la FE a través de la altura y la potencia del salto “squat jump” (SJ) como también del salto en contra movimiento (CMJ). Por su parte, la agilidad fue medida a través del test de Illinois. Se encontró relación significativa entre el porcentaje de grasa y la altura del CMJ (r = -.58; p,

Background and aims: low muscle mass (LMM) conditions the nutritional status of an individual and has implications for quality of life and prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition and determine normal values in the diagnosis of LMM in a control group of healthy individuals. Methods: a cross-sectional study of healthy volunteers aged 18 to 45 years with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2. A descriptive study was performed including demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and body composition variables (by bioimpedance, TANITA MC 780 MA; TANITA, Tokyo, Japan), stratified by age, sex and BMI. Values corresponding to -1/-2 standard deviations (SD) were determined to consider low muscle mass/function. Results: we included 67 patients, 71,60 % women, with a median age of 28.29 (IQR 4.05) years. Males presented higher weight, BMI, fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), appendicular lean mass (ALM), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and dynamometry values when compared to females. The -1/-2 SD values of the various muscle parameters were determined according to sex. Conclusion: this study determined normal LMM values in healthy and young people, and the most commonly used indexes to express it, which will allow the diagnosis of LMM in disease-related situations using the corresponding -2 DS value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: an expert report is presented on the situation of loss of muscle mass in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a proposal of what the clinical approach to this comorbidity should be, based on the evidence from the literature and clinical experience. Method: a qualitative expert opinion study was carried out using the nominal approach. A literature search on diabetes and muscle was made and submitted to a multidisciplinary group of 7 experts who through a face-to-face meeting discussed different aspects of the role of muscle mass in T2DM. Results: muscle mass must be taken into account in the clinical context of patients with T2DM. It has an enormous impact on patient function and quality of life, and is as important as adequate metabolic control of T2DM. Conclusion: in addition to drug therapy and diet adjustments, aerobic and strength activities are essential for maintaining muscle mass and function in diabetic patients. In concrete situations, artificial oral supplementation specific for muscle care could improve the situation of malnutrition and low muscle mass. Measures such as the walking speed test, chair test, or the SARC-F questionnaire, together with the Barthel index, constitute a first step to diagnose relevant impairment requiring intervention in patients with T2DM. This document seeks to answer some questions about the importance, assessment, and control of muscle mass in T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La sarcopenia se define como una combinación de baja fuerza y masa muscular con alteración funcional del músculo, que afecta a poblaciones de diferentes edades por diversos motivos. La prevalencia global en adultos mayores se ha estimado en 10% (IC 95%: 8-12%) en hombres y 10% (IC 95%: 8-13%) en mujeres. Recientemente ha cobrado importancia su detección en enfermedades reumáticas, particularmente las inflamatorias. En esta revisión narrativa hemos considerado: a) recomendaciones para el diagnóstico de la sarcopenia; b) herramientas útiles para la práctica clínica y la investigación; c) su relación con las enfermedades reumáticas. Según el último Consenso Europeo de Sarcopenia la búsqueda debe comenzar cuando el paciente reporta síntomas y/o signos (debilidad, lentitud al caminar, desgaste muscular, pérdida de masa muscular, etc.). Para los adultos mayores se recomienda el cuestionario SARC-F como herramienta de tamizaje. Varias pruebas establecen los puntos de corte que deben utilizarse para diagnosticar la baja fuerza muscular, la disminución en la masa muscular y la alteración en el rendimiento físico. La relevancia de diagnosticar precozmente la sarcopenia se basa en el impacto clínico, económico y social que tiene, incluyendo la funcionalidad y calidad de vida de las personas, muy importante en aquellas con enfermedades reumatológicas.

The aim of this study was to determine body composition, body indexes and somatotype in handball players. Forty-eight players (21 men and 27 women) from a university team were evaluated. Anthropometric measurements were performed to obtain fat percentage, muscle mass, body indexes and somatotype. The results showed that the men had 11.82% body fat, with a meso-endomorphic somatotype. On the other hand, 22.49% and mesomorphic-endomorphic somatotype in women. These data are relevant to be able to make comparisons with top level players and to improve the body composition of athletes to try to achieve the best possible performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los posibles cambios en parámetros de composición corporal y contenido de agua en jugadores de pádel noveles, tras la disputa de un partido. La muestra estaba compuesta de 24 jugadores (edad= 36,87±8,74 años) con una experiencia en el deporte de pádel entre 1 y 2 años, con una frecuencia de práctica de 1 a 2 veces a la semana. La valoración de la composición corporal se realizó mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica, registrando datos de peso, masa grasa (kg y %), masa libre de grasa (kg y %) y agua corporal (total, intracelular y extracelular), antes y después del partido. Los resultados no mostraron cambios significativos en ninguna de las variables objeto estudio post partido. Además, no se observaron diferencias entre ganadores y perdedores. En conclusión, la práctica aguda de pádel en jugadores noveles no provoca cambios en parámetros de composición corporal, debido a la falta de intensidad de ésta.

This study aimed to determine and compare the body composition, bioelectric parameters, and handgrip strength in federated and recreational Chilean climbers. Thirteen Chilean climbers voluntarily participated, being 4 federated (25.75 ± 2.87 years) and 9 recreational (22.33 ± 1.41 years). Body composition was measured using a multifrequency octopolar bioelectrical impedance meter, while handgrip strength was determined with a dynamometer. Although there were no statistical differences in the body composition variables between groups, the trunk phase angle was statistically higher in the federated compared to the recreational climbers (p = 0,011 [95 % CI = 1,10; 5,20]). Regarding handgrip strength, the relative strength was higher for federated (p = 0,025 [95 % CI = 0,10; 0,22]), while the difference in strength between dominant and non-dominant hand was higher for recreational climbers (p = 0,012 [95 % CI = 1,60; 10,05]). This study is one of the first that explore the differences between federated and recreational Chilean climbers. These results suggest a differentiation at the level of phase angle and handgrip strength, which should be corroborated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BJS Open is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Introduction: functional limitation is a result of sarcopenia and is associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Cost-effective methods are important for the identification of sarcopenia. Objective: to propose cutoff points for normalized calf circumference (CC) in order to identify low SMM in older women based on their functional limitation. Methods: in this descriptive, cross-sectional study the CC values of a young female sample (n = 78) were used to establish cutoff points (-2 SD) for low SMM in older women (n = 67). Functional limitation was identified by the six-minute walk test (≤ 400 m). CC was normalized by body mass, height, and BMI. The diagnostic accuracy of CC was calculated with a ROC curve, using functional limitation as standard. Results: cutoff points and area under the curve (AUC) were: CC (≤ 28.5; 0.62); CC·body mass-1 (≤ 0.40; 0.63); CC·height-2 (≤ 8.52; 0.55) and CC·BMI-1 (≤ 1.10; 0.73). Only CC·BMI-1 achieved a desirable accuracy (AUC > 0.7) to distinguish functional limitation. Conclusion: the accuracy attained supports the use of CC·BMI-1 to identify low SMM in older women. In the clinical context it is possible to predict the risk of sarcopenia when sophisticated methods for determining SMM are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In youth sports categories, morphological and biotypological parameters are difficult to determine since it is complex to separate the changes inherent to sports training from those associated with growth and maturation. The objective of this research was to establish anthropometric characteristics and somatotypic profiles of adolescent Chilean male soccer players from a sports training school. The sample consisted of 23 young people under 15 and 30 young people under 16. Weight (kg), height (cm), six skin folds, two diameters and five perimeters were recorded. The muscle mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the Quetelet formula. The fractionation of body mass was estimated according to fat mass (FM), muscle mass (MM), residual mass (RM), and bone mass (BM). The somatotype was described using the Heath & Carter method. The data were analyzed statistically for central tendency, percentages and significance according to the t test (p <0.05). The results show anthropometric and biotypological patterns without significant differences between the two categories. The averages observed werefor: weight: 60.2 ± 7.6 (kg); Size: 169.1 ± 5.3 (cm); BMI: 21.2 ± 2.0; % FM: 24.3 ± 2.7; % MM: 45.2 ± 2.9; % RM:12,0 ± 0.7; % BM: 12,9 ± 1,0. Somatotype for youth 15 years was: 2.4 ± 0.7 / 4.5 ± 0.8 / 3.0 ± 1.1 and for 16 years it was: 2.3 ± 1.0 / 4.3 ± 0, 8 / 3.0 ± 0.9.These results are similar to those observed in other sports schools in Chile and the world. It is concluded that high percentages of muscle mass and mesoectomorphic components would be morphological characteristics in this type of athlete. It is suggested to consider these factors, in addition to considering social and psychological factors, body maturation, focusing the work of adolescents more on promoting a healthy and active lifestyle than on the competitive aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: la reducción de la capacidad oxidativa del músculo con el envejecimiento parece jugar un papel importante en la vejez disminuyendo hasta 50%. En zonas elevadas sobre el nivel del mar se producen cambios en la dinámica del oxígeno arterial que se relacionan con el metabolismo del músculo y la sarcopenia. Objetivos: determinar si hay relación entre el VO2pico y el porcentaje de masa muscular, nivel de actividad física e IMC, en adultos que habitan en regiones superiores a 2600 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, se incluyeron participantes sin sarcopenia mayores de 50 años, con mínimo un año de residencia en Bogotá, Colombia. Se excluyeron participantes con terapia de reemplazo hormonal, tensión arterial elevada durante la prueba, enfermedad coronaria, valvular o trastornos de la conducción. Se determinó el nivel de actividad física aplicando la encuesta Ainsworthy col, la composición corporal con bioimpedanciometría y VO2pico mediante ergoespirometría. Resultados: la muestra fue de 21 participantes. La mitad de la población mostró VO2pico de 23.7 ml/k/min, IMC de 27.2g/m2 y porcentaje de masa muscular de 35.5%; hay baja correlación entre VO2pico y el porcentaje de masa muscular. La mitad de la población saludable tiene un VO2pico de 28.9 ml/k/min, sedentaria saludable 23.7 ml/k/min y sedentaria riesgosa 21.6 ml/k/min. Conclusiones: el presente estudio mostró que hay baja correlación entre el porcentaje de masa muscular y el VO2pico, sin embargo estos resultados pudieron estar influenciados por el tamaño de la muestra y otros factores.

Copyright of Diaeta is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Dietistas & Nutricionistas Dietistas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMEN Introducción: La disminución de la masa muscular o sarcopenia y de la masa ósea (osteopenia u osteoporosis) que ocurren con el envejecimiento, se asocian con aumento de la fragilidad y las fracturas, que afectan calidad de vida e incrementan mortalidad. Los reportes sobre masa muscular son escasos en nuestro medio. Objetivos: Identificar los valores de referencia normal de la masa muscular en mujeres del área de referencia, la frecuencia de Sarcopenia con el empleo de los tres parámetros recomendados por el Consenso Europeo, la utilidad del Cuestionario SARC-F (cuestionario simple para el diagnóstico de Sarcopenia) y si existe relación entre la masa muscular y la resistencia a la insulina. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se determinó la masa muscular ((bioimpedancia y por absorciometría dual de Rayos X), fuerza (dinamometría manual) y rendimiento muscular (batería SPPB (short physical performance battery) en 88 mujeres entre 45-79 años de edad, con residencia permanente en el Municipio Plaza de la Revolución (Policlínico Vedado). Se estudiaron variables clínicas. Se aplicó el cuestionario SARC-F (A simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnostic for Sarcopenia). Se determinó la relación glucemia/insulinemia en ayunas. Para determinar valores de referencia para disminución de la masa muscular se estudiaron 17 mujeres sanas entre 40-44 años de edad. Análisis estadístico: Uso de tabulaciones cruzadas, Test Kruskall Wallis, y Correlación de Pearson para identificar asociación entre las variables, valor (p

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer los resultados de las últimas publicaciones sobre sarcopenia en el anciano y el uso de complementos proteicos para su tratamiento y/o prevención. Metodología: Revisión sistemática sobre el uso de complementos proteicos en el tratamiento y prevención de la sarcopenia. La búsqueda se realizó en MEDLINE, Science Direct, SciELO, TRIP database y Dialnet. Se acotó al periodo 2011-2016. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y para valorar su calidad metodológica se usó la escala PEDro, seleccionando aquellos que tenían una puntuación igual o superior a 6. Resultados: El modo de aportar las proteínas en los 13 artículos revisados es muy variable. Estas se pueden dar diariamente, en 2-3 tomas, tras el ejercicio físico, generalmente de resistencia, con una frecuencia de 3-5 sesiones/semana. Las proteínas se suelen dar en forma de carne roja, queso, suero de leche o en estado puro, en cantidades que oscilan entre 20 y 45 g/día. Los aminoácidos esenciales rondan los 9 g/día y la leucina oscila entre 4 y 9 g/día. La suplementación con β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato se encuentra entre 1,5-3,0 g/día. Estos aportes produjeron en general un aumento de la masa y la fuerza muscular, así como un incremento de la síntesis de proteínas musculoesqueléticas y del tamaño de la fibra muscular en el anciano. Conclusiones: En el enfoque terapéutico del síndrome de sarcopenia es fundamental la incorporación de proteínas de alto valor biológico a la dieta, que, junto al ejercicio de resistencia, van a tener un efecto sinérgico sobre el tejido muscular.

Solano-García, W. y Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Intervenciones con ejercicio contra resistencia en las personas adultas mayores diagnosticadas con sarcopenia. Una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(1), 1-19. Propósito: Examinar la evidencia generada de las intervenciones basadas en ejercicio contra resistenciaen la persona adulta mayor diagnosticada con sarcopenia. Métodos:Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura mediante la combinación de palabras claves en las siguientes bases de datos: EBSCO Host,Ovid,ProQuest,Public Health Database, Research Library,ScienceDirect,SpringerLink,CochraneLibrary,PubMed,SciELO,LILACSyPEDro. Se obtuvo7819estudios de los cuales seiscumplen con los criterios de inclusión: artículos de carácter experimental, ejercicio contra resistenciacomo intervención, texto completo, idioma en inglés/español, personas adultas mayoresde 60 años diagnosticadas con sarcopenia. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios revelóaumentos en porcentajes de cambio en variables asociadas ala sarcopenia, masa muscular(3.29%),fuerza muscular (19.16%) y función muscular (18.12%). Al analizar los detalles de las intervenciones se evidenciómejoras trabajando al menos 12 semanascon una frecuencia de 2-3 días durante 60 minutos porsesión, estimulando los principales grupos musculares a intensidades entre 60-85% (1RM) durante 3 series entre 6-15 repeticiones con descansos de 1-2 minutos entre serie;además,se obtienen beneficiossimilares al ejercitarse con equipo de resistenciao ejercicios con peso libre. Conclusiones:El ejercicio contra resistenciamejora variables físicas asociadas conla sarcopeniaen personas que presentan este síndrome. Al analizar las recomendaciones de prescripción de ejercicio para contrarrestar los efectos de la sarcopenia, basadas en personas que no presentaban sarcopeniay compararlas con las encontradas en el presente estudio, se muestra que son similares.

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Thus, the variables that benefit performance and success have sparked great interest and occupy an essential role in the preparation of athletes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the body composition and proportionality according to categories and playing position. 111 male soccer players of the Chilean national soccer team under-15 (14.6±0.3 years), under-17 (16.3±0.5 years), under-20 (19.0±0.7 years), and elite (24.3±4.7 years) categories were evaluated through anthropometry. Values of body composition and proportionality were recorded and organized by position and category; significance was established at p<.05. For weight, goalkeepers had the highest for their position; under-20 players, the highest for their category (83.7±3.8 kg). Regarding height, elite and under-17 central defenders had the highest values (187.0±4.2 cm and 179.9±3.5 cm, respectively). Goalkeepers in all categories have the highest BMI values; the highest were observed in elite (25.1±1.3 kg/m2). Under-17 forwards/extremes had the highest values in terms of muscle mass percentage (60.5±8.0%), whereas under-15 fullbacks have the lowest values in terms of fat mass (9.6±0.7%). The players of the Chilean national soccer team have similar values to other researches with players of the same age and category; however, the younger categories have significant differences in the variables that provide advantages during a game with the elite category. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on equating physical conditions before promoting a player to the older categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lower-limbs appendicular muscle mass is a key body composition trait related to health and performance. Considering the relevance of lower-limbs appendicular muscle mass in soccer players, the assessment and monitoring of this variable with a low-cost tool would be of great value in order to improve performance through training and nutritional interventions. This study aimed to develop a multiple regression model in order to validate, through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, a novel equation to predict lower-limbs appendicular muscle mass in young soccer players using anthropometric variables. Forty-two soccer players of the Chilean National Team (age, 17.1±1.3 years; body mass, 70.0±6.8 kg; height, 175.0±6.6 cm) underwent anthropometrically and body composition assessments. Forward stepwise linear regression was used to develop the equation to estimate the lower-limb appendicular muscle mass. The estimated results were compared with measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The best predictor model to estimate lower-limbs appendicular muscle mass was (kg): (-21.268 + (0.087*height) - (0.853*middle thigh circumference) - (0.329*middle thigh skinfold) + (1.136*corrected middle thigh circumference) + (0.306*calf circumference)) (R2= 0.83). The lower-limbs appendicular muscle mass estimated by the equation and measured by DXA were similar (14.71±1.72 kg vs 14.76±1.89 kg, respectively), and have a good concordance according to Bland-Altman method (mean difference: 0.049 kg; 95 % IC: -1.481 to 1.578 kg) and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (0.91; 95 % CI: 0.85 - 0.96) methods. In conclusion, the predictive equation is a valid, easy to calculate, and a low-cost tool to predict lower-limbs appendicular muscle mass in young soccer players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMEN Introducción: Sarcopenia es la pérdida de masa y potencia muscular, a lo que se suma el pobre desempeño físico. Su padecimiento depende de la genética, del medio ambiente, del proceso natural de envejecimiento y de algunas enfermedades que a veces acentúan su progresión. Objetivo: Describir de forma general algunas de las características más importantes de la sarcopenia. Métodos: Se utilizó como buscador de información científica a Google Académico. Se emplearon como palabras claves: Sarcopenia, envejecimiento, masa muscular y fuerza muscular. Fueron evaluados artículos de revisión y de investigación provenientes de diferentes bases de datos: PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, SciElo y páginas web, que en general, tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués o inglés, con una adecuada calidad científica y metodológica, según criterio de los autores. Fueron excluidos los artículos que no cumplían con los objetivos del presente trabajo. Esto permitió el estudio de 110 artículos, de los cuales 62 fueron referenciados. Conclusiones: La sarcopenia es un síndrome geriátrico frecuente y relevante. Constituye un serio problema de salud, al aumentar la morbilidad y mortalidad. Es frecuente la adinamia en relación con el declive del funcionamiento físico, fuerza y masa muscular. Para su diagnóstico se debe, al menos, demostrar la reducción de la masa muscular (con Absorsiometría de energía dual de Rayos X o con análisis de la Bioimpedancia), la reducción de la fuerza del apretón de la mano, con dinamómetro y de la función muscular (reducción de la velocidad de la marcha).

Introduction: Prostatic carcinoma (PC) is a frequent neoplasm in elderly patients. Although androgen deprivation is associated with survival benefits, it is also related to adverse effects such as osteoporosis, frailty, or sarcopenia, which can negatively affect the patient's quality of life. This study aims to quantify and evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis, frailty, or sarcopenia in elderly PC patients before and after androgen deprivation. We present data from an interim analysis., Materials and Methods: PROSARC is a national (Spain) prospective observational study (May-2022-May-2025) still in progress in 2 hospitals. It includes patients with high-risk PC, aged ≥70 years, non-candidates for local treatment and scheduled to start androgen deprivation therapy. The following variables are analyzed: comorbidity, frailty (Fried frailty phenotype criteria), osteoporosis, sarcopenia (EWGSOP2), fat mass and muscle mass, before treatment and after 6 months of follow-up., Results: A 6-month follow-up was completed by 12/25 included patients (mean age, 84 years), with a high baseline prevalence of pre-frailty/frailty (67.7%), sarcopenia (66.7%) and osteoporosis (25%). Treatment did not significantly alter these variables or comorbidity. We observed changes in body mass index (p=0.666), decreased mean value of appendicular muscle mass (p=0.01) and increased percentage of fat mass (p=0.012)., Conclusion: In patients with high-risk PC, advanced age and a considerable prevalence of osteoporosis, frailty and sarcopenia, androgen deprivation (ADT; 6 months) produces decreased muscle mass without impact on the incidence of the known adverse effects of androgen deprivation., (Copyright © 2024 AEU. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)