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147 results on '"Maskell, L."'

8. Diversity enhances carbon storage in tropical forests

Author

Poorter, L., van der Sande, M. T., Thompson, J., Arets, E. J. M. M., Alarcón, A., Álvarez-Sánchez, J., Ascarrunz, N., Balvanera, P., Barajas-Guzmán, G., Boit, A., Bongers, F., Carvalho, F. A., Casanoves, F., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Costa, F. R. C., de Castilho, C. V., Duivenvoorden, J. F., Dutrieux, L. P., Enquist, B. J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Finegan, B., Gormley, L. H. L., Healey, J. R., Hoosbeek, M. R., Ibarra-Manriquez, G., Junqueira, A. B., Levis, C., Licona, J. C., Lisboa, L. S., Magnusson, W. E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Martínez-Yrizar, A., Martorano, L. G., Maskell, L. C., Mazzei, L., Meave, J. A., Mora, F., Muñoz, R., Nytch, C., Pansonato, M. P., Parr, T. W., Paz, H., Pérez-García, E. A., Rentería, L. Y., Rodríguez-Velazquez, J., Rozendaal, D. M. A., Ruschel, A. R., Sakschewski, B., Salgado-Negret, B., Schietti, J., Simões, M., Sinclair, F. L., Souza, P. F., Souza, F. C., Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Swenson, N. G., Thonicke, K., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., van der Hout, P., Walker, P., Zamora, N., and Peña-Claros, M.

Published
2015

9. On-Line Monitoring of Substrate Delivery and Brain Metabolism in Head Injury

Author

Hutchinson, P. J. A., Al-Rawi, P. G., O’Connell, M. T., Gupta, A. K., Maskell, L. B., Hutchinson, D. B. A., Pickard, J. D., Kirkpatrick, P. J., Reulen, H.-J., editor, Steiger, H.-J., editor, Mendelow, A. David, editor, Baethmann, Alexander, editor, Czernicki, Zbigniew, editor, Hoff, Julian T., editor, Ito, Umeo, editor, James, Hector E., editor, Kuroiwa, Toshihika, editor, Marmarou, Anthony, editor, Marshall, Lawrence F., editor, and Reulen, Hans-Jürgen, editor

Published
2000
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11. Abstracts of presentations on selected topics at the XIVth international plant protection congress (IPPC) July 25–30, 1999

Author

Hull, R., Kuiper, H. A., Noordam, Maryvon Y., Hoy, Marjorie A., Cory, Jenny S., Fereres, A. C., Gonzalez, P., Meins, F., Elkind, Y., Charrier, Benedicte, Meyer, P., Metzlaff, M., Schuch, W., Ikin, R., Parnell, T., Frison, E. A., Spiegel, S., Diekmann, Marlene, Ausher, R., Hollingworth, R. M., Holm, Robert E., Ragsdale, N. N., Federici, B. A., Vlak, J. M., Chejanovsky, N., Bianchi, F. J. J. A., Joosten, Nina N., Gutierrez, Serafin, van der Wert, W., Regev, A., Inceoglu, B., Reske, G., Gershburg, E., Rivkin, H., Zilberberg, N., Froy, O., Gurevitz, M., Hammock, B. D., Llobell, A., Monte, E., González-Candelas, L., Dealessi, Laura, Camponogara, Andrea, Ramón-Vidal, D., Migheli, Q., Chernin, L., Zhou, L., Ovadis, M., Ismailov, Z., Chet, I., Teng, P. S., Mohankumar, S., Renganayaki, K., Nagarajan, P., Balasaraswathi, R., Shanmugasundaram, P., Reddy, Avutu Sam, Sadasivam, S., Thottappilly, G., Ng, S. Y. C., Winter, S., Shvidchenko, V., Manadilova, A., Sadvakasova, G., Sozinova, L. F., Levy, D., Loebenstein, G., Khadi, B. M., Kulkarni, V. N., Khadi, B. M., Kulkarni, V. N., Patil, S. B., Freyssinet, G., Kaufmann, J. E., Owen, M. D. K., Dolgov, S. V., Rotteveel, A. J. W., Gressel, J., Tzotzos, G., Ammann, K., Jacot, Yolande, Raybould, A. F., Gray, A. J., Maskell, L. C., Cooper, J. I., Edwards, M. E., Pallet, D., Williams, D., Smith, M., Aldwinckle, H. S., Norelli, J. L., Bolar, J. P., Harman, G. E., Martini, N., Porsch, Petra, Mahn, A., Bulow, L., Brinkmann, O., Giet’t’ers, W., During, K., Dahan, Aviva, Fahima, T., Nevo, E., Dickman, M. B., Gonsalves, D., Cheng, Z. M., Wu, M. S., He, X. Y., Chen, C. C., Zhang, J., Gafni, Y., Daly, J. C., Fitt, G. P., Olsen, K., Mares, C. L., Moran, R., Garcia, R., Mena, J., Zaldua, Zurima, Garcia, Melba, Lopez, Alina, Somonte, Danalay, Alvarez, Irene, de la Riva, G., Selman, G., Shomer-Ilan, Adiva, Walsh, J. A., Jenner, Carol E., Rusholme, Rachel L., Hughes, Sara L., Sanchez, Flora, Ponz, F., Lydiate, D. J., Röder, Marion S., Peng, Jun-Hua, Grama, Adriana, Korol, A., Paran, I., Zamir, D., van der Voort, J. Rouppe, van Eck, H., van Koert, P., van Os, H., Buntjer, J., Visser, R., Stiekema, W., Bakker, J., Lankhorst, R. Klein, van der Vossen, E., Kanyuka, K., Bendahmane, A., Monk, Kathy S., Tomerlin, J. R., Petersen, B. J., Leonard, P., Smith, I. M., Shaner, D. I., Delbridge, T. G., Levy, Edna, Kovanci, O. B., Kovanci, B., Salpiggidis, G. C., Navrozidis, E. I., Zartaloudis, Z. D., El-Shemy, Hamied, Di Primo, P., Cartia, G., Rahman, Mohamed Abdul, Lopez-Martinez, Nuria, De Prado, R., El-Nahhal, Y., Safi, J., Polubesova, Tamara, Levi, Avishag, Margulies, L., Rubin, B., and Undabeytia, T.

Published
1999
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13. Abstracts of presentations on selected topics at the XIVth international plant protection congress (IPPC) July 25-30, 1999

Author

Hull, R., Kuiper, H., Noordam, Maryvon, Hoy, Marjorie, Cory, Jenny, Fereres, A., Gonzalez, P., Meins, F., Elkind, Y., Charrier, Benedicte, Meyer, P., Metzlaff, M., Schuch, W., Ikin, R., Parnell, T., Frison, E., Spiegel, S., Diekmann, Marlene, Ausher, R., Hollingworth, R., Holm, Robert, Ragsdale, N., Federici, B., Vlak, J., Chejanovsky, N., Bianchi, F., Joosten, Nina, Gutierrez, Serafin, van der Wert, W., Regev, A., Inceoglu, B., Reske, G., Gershburg, E., Rivkin, H., Zilberberg, N., Froy, O., Gurevitz, M., Hammock, B., Llobell, A., Monte, E., González-Candelas, L., Dealessi, Laura, Camponogara, Andrea, Ramón-Vidal, D., Migheli, Q., Chernin, L., Zhou, L., Ovadis, M., Ismailov, Z., Chet, I., Teng, P., Mohankumar, S., Renganayaki, K., Nagarajan, P., Balasaraswathi, R., Shanmugasundaram, P., Reddy, Avutu, Sadasivam, S., Thottappilly, G., Ng, S., Winter, S., Shvidchenko, V., Manadilova, A., Sadvakasova, G., Sozinova, L., Levy, D., Loebenstein, G., Khadi, B., Kulkarni, V., Patil, S., Freyssinet, G., Kaufmann, J., Owen, M., Dolgov, S., Rotteveel, A., Gressel, J., Tzotzos, G., Ammann, K., Jacot, Yolande, Raybould, A., Gray, A., Maskell, L., Cooper, J., Edwards, M., Pallet, D., Williams, D., Smith, M., Aldwinckle, H., Norelli, J., Bolar, J., Harman, G., Martini, N., Porsch, Petra, Mahn, A., Bulow, L., Brinkmann, O., Giet't'ers, W., During, K., Dahan, Aviva, Fahima, T., Nevo, E., Dickman, M., Gonsalves, D., Cheng, Z., Wu, M., He, X., Chen, C., Zhang, J., Gafni, Y., Daly, J., Fitt, G., Olsen, K., Mares, C., Moran, R., Garcia, R., Mena, J., Zaldua, Zurima, Garcia, Melba, Lopez, Alina, Somonte, Danalay, Alvarez, Irene, de la Riva, G., Selman, G., Shomer-Ilan, Adiva, Walsh, J., Jenner, Carol, Rusholme, Rachel, Hughes, Sara, Sanchez, Flora, Ponz, F., Lydiate, D., Röder, Marion, Peng, Jun-Hua, Grama, Adriana, Korol, A., Paran, I., Zamir, D., van der Voort, J., van Eck, H., van Koert, P., van Os, H., Buntjer, J., Visser, R., Stiekema, W., Bakker, J., Lankhorst, R., van der Vossen, E., Kanyuka, K., Bendahmane, A., Monk, Kathy, Tomerlin, J., Petersen, B., Leonard, P., Smith, I., Shaner, D., Delbridge, T., Levy, Edna, Kovanci, O., Kovanci, B., Salpiggidis, G., Navrozidis, E., Zartaloudis, Z., El-Shemy, Hamied, Di Primo, P., Cartia, G., Rahman, Mohamed, Lopez-Martinez, Nuria, De Prado, R., El-Nahhal, Y., Safi, J., Polubesova, Tamara, Levi, Avishag, Margulies, L., Rubin, B., and Undabeytia, T.

Published
2018

15. The National Plant Monitoring Scheme: a technical review

Author

Pescott, O.L., Walker, K.J., Jitlal, M., Smart, S.M., Maskell, L., Schmucki, R., Day, J., Amos, C., Peck, K., Robinson, A., Roy, D.B., Pescott, O.L., Walker, K.J., Jitlal, M., Smart, S.M., Maskell, L., Schmucki, R., Day, J., Amos, C., Peck, K., Robinson, A., and Roy, D.B.

Abstract

The National Plant Monitoring Scheme, coordinated by the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, JNCC and Plantlife, was launched in 2015 to provide an indication of the status and trends of plants and semi-natural habitats across the UK. The scheme is based on volunteer recording according to a set protocol at pre-determined monads selected through a weighted-random sampling scheme.

Published
2019

16. Environment and Rural Affairs Monitoring & Modelling Programme - ERAMMP Year 1 Report 22: A Review of the contribution of species records held by Local Environmental Record Centres in Wales to ERAMMP Evidence Needs

Author

Smart, S.M., Maskell, L., Hatfield, J., Logie, M., Powney, G.R., Smart, S.M., Maskell, L., Hatfield, J., Logie, M., and Powney, G.R.

Abstract

I. Better use of Local Environmental Record Centre (LERC) data in delivering biodiversity objectives is stated explicitly in the Nature Recovery Action Plan for Wales. Consistent with this aspiration we carried out two quantitative assessments of LERC data to determine the availability of species records at the resolution required for ERAMMP and WFG (Indicator 44) evidence needs; <=1km. II. A comparison of the availability of 1km square records for section 7 reptiles, amphibians and mammals between LERC and NBN Atlas showed that LERC data were more numerous in every case and sometimes markedly so (on average 17 times as many 1km square records in LERC data). For these species the NBN Atlas tends to have a greater number of records available at 10 rather than 1km square resolution. III. An assessment of the contribution of LERC 1km square records to national trends modelling demonstrated that substantial benefits in increased species coverage and precision of modelled trends are likely to arise by including additional LERC data alongside surveillance scheme data already used for trends modelling. By combining datasets the number of species that could be modelled increased by 267% on average across all the taxonomic groups previously modelled. IV. The design of the new Wales-only Indicator 44 “status of biological diversity” is currently under consultation. Our results show that species coverage for this indicator will benefit from combining multiple datasets with the current analytical state-of-the-art for trends modelling. While results are always dependent on sufficient data, there would seem to be scope for exploring how an ecologically more comprehensive Indicator 44 could be developed in partnership with Wales LERC and others. V. Our assessment also suggests that exploiting the more numerous 1km square records for section 7 species will increase the chances of detecting legacy and future effects of management scheme interventions for biodiversity and resilience

Published
2019

18. Environment and Rural Affairs Monitoring & Modelling Programme - ERAMMP Year 1 Report 16: NRW & ERAMMP monitoring activities review

Author

Emmett, B.A., Maskell, L., Read, D., Robinson, D.A., Smart, S.M., Garbutt, R.A., Williams, B., Emmett, B.A., Maskell, L., Read, D., Robinson, D.A., Smart, S.M., Garbutt, R.A., and Williams, B.

Abstract

The aim of the Natural Resources Wales (NRW) and other monitoring activities review is to recommend where the key opportunities exist to address evidence gaps, better align activities and reduce duplication. This should not duplicate the intensive work involving more than 40 organisations and over 100 individuals which resulted in the ‘Options for a New Integrated Natural Resource Monitoring Framework for Wales’ 1 review which identified more than 180 monitoring schemes and provided 6 independent reviews of new opportunities for the monitoring community.

Published
2019

21. Research challenges for cultural ecosystem services and public health in (peri-)urban environments

Author

Chen, X., de Vries, S., Assmuth, T., Dick, J., Hermans, T., Hertel, O., Jensen, A., Jones, L., Kabisch, Sigrun, Lanki, T., Lehmann, I., Maskell, L., Norton, L., Reis, S., Chen, X., de Vries, S., Assmuth, T., Dick, J., Hermans, T., Hertel, O., Jensen, A., Jones, L., Kabisch, Sigrun, Lanki, T., Lehmann, I., Maskell, L., Norton, L., and Reis, S.

Abstract

Urbanization is a global trend, and consequently the quality of urban environments is increasingly important for human health and wellbeing. Urban life-style is typically associated with low physical activity and sometimes with high mental stress, both contributing to an increasing burden of diseases. Nature-based solutions that make effective use of ecosystem services, particularly of cultural ecosystem services (CES), can provide vital building blocks to address these challenges. This paper argues that, the salutogenic, i.e. health-promoting effects of CES have so far not been adequately recognised and deserve more explicit attention in order to enhance decision making around health and wellbeing in urban areas. However, a number of research challenges will need to be addressed to reveal the mechanisms which underpin delivery of urban CES. These include: causal chains of supply and demand, equity, and equality of public health benefits promoted. Methodological challenges in quantifying these are discussed. The paper is highly relevant for policy makers within and beyond Europe, and also serves as a review for current researchers and as a roadmap to future short- and long-term research opportunities.

Published
2018

22. Glastir Monitoring & Evaluation Programme. Final report

Author

Emmett, B.E., Abdalla, M., Anthony, S., Astbury, S., August, T., Barrett, G., Beckmann, B., Biggs, J., Botham, M., Bradley, D., Brown, M., Burden, A., Carter, H., Chadwick, D., Cigna, F., Collier, R., Cooper, D., Cooper, J., Cosby, B.J., Creer, S., Cross, P., Dadam, D., Edwards, F., Edwards, M., Evans, C., Ewald, N., Fitton, A., Garbutt, A., Giampieri, C., Gooday, R., Grebby, S., Greene, S., Halfpenney, I., Hall, J., Harrison, S., Harrower, C., Henrys, P., Hobson, R., Hughes, P., Hughes, S., Illian, J., Isaac, N., Jackson, B., Jarvis, S., Jones, D.L., Jones, P., Keith, A., Kelly, M., Kneebone, N., Korenko, J., Lallias, D., Leaver, D., Robinson, I., Malcolm, H., Maskell, L., McDonald, J., Moxley, J., Norton, L., O'Hare, M., Oliver, T., Owen, A., Parkhill, K.A., Pereira, M., Peyton, J., Pogson, M., Powney, G., Pritchard, N., Prochorskaite, A., Prosser, M., Pywell, R., Rawlins, B., Reuland, O., Richards, M., Robinson, D.A, Rorke, S., Rowland, C., Roy, D., Scarlett, P., Scholefield, P., Scott, A., Scott, L., Scott, R., Sharps, K., Siriwardena, G., Smart, S., Smith, G., Smith, P., Stopps, J., Swetnam, R., Taft, H., Taylor, R., Tebbs, E., Thomas, A., Todd-Jones, C., Tordoff, G., Turner, G., Van Breda, J., Vincent, H., Wagner, M., Waters, E., Walker-Springett, K., Wallace, H., Watkins, J., Webb, G., White, J., Whitworth, E., Williams, B., Williams, P., Wood, C., Wright, S., Emmett, B.E., Abdalla, M., Anthony, S., Astbury, S., August, T., Barrett, G., Beckmann, B., Biggs, J., Botham, M., Bradley, D., Brown, M., Burden, A., Carter, H., Chadwick, D., Cigna, F., Collier, R., Cooper, D., Cooper, J., Cosby, B.J., Creer, S., Cross, P., Dadam, D., Edwards, F., Edwards, M., Evans, C., Ewald, N., Fitton, A., Garbutt, A., Giampieri, C., Gooday, R., Grebby, S., Greene, S., Halfpenney, I., Hall, J., Harrison, S., Harrower, C., Henrys, P., Hobson, R., Hughes, P., Hughes, S., Illian, J., Isaac, N., Jackson, B., Jarvis, S., Jones, D.L., Jones, P., Keith, A., Kelly, M., Kneebone, N., Korenko, J., Lallias, D., Leaver, D., Robinson, I., Malcolm, H., Maskell, L., McDonald, J., Moxley, J., Norton, L., O'Hare, M., Oliver, T., Owen, A., Parkhill, K.A., Pereira, M., Peyton, J., Pogson, M., Powney, G., Pritchard, N., Prochorskaite, A., Prosser, M., Pywell, R., Rawlins, B., Reuland, O., Richards, M., Robinson, D.A, Rorke, S., Rowland, C., Roy, D., Scarlett, P., Scholefield, P., Scott, A., Scott, L., Scott, R., Sharps, K., Siriwardena, G., Smart, S., Smith, G., Smith, P., Stopps, J., Swetnam, R., Taft, H., Taylor, R., Tebbs, E., Thomas, A., Todd-Jones, C., Tordoff, G., Turner, G., Van Breda, J., Vincent, H., Wagner, M., Waters, E., Walker-Springett, K., Wallace, H., Watkins, J., Webb, G., White, J., Whitworth, E., Williams, B., Williams, P., Wood, C., and Wright, S.

Abstract

Final Report to Welsh Government, prepared by CEH on behalf of the Glastir Monitoring & Evaluation Programme Team. The Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP) provides a comprehensive programme to establish a baseline against which future assessments of Glastir can be made. GMEP also contributes national trend data which supports a range of national and international biodiversity and environmental targets. GMEP fulfils a commitment by the Welsh Government to establish a monitoring programme concurrently with the launch of the Glastir scheme. The use of models and farmer surveys provides early indicators of the likely direction, magnitude and timing of future outcomes. The programme ensures compliance with the rigorous requirements of the European Commission’s Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (CMEF) through the Rural Development Plan (RDP) for Wales. This report represents the final results of the GMEP programme which ran from 2012 to 2016.

Published
2017

23. Glastir Monitoring & Evaluation Programme. Second year annual report

Author

Emmett, Bridget, Williams, Bronwen, Emmett, B.E., Abdalla, M., Anthony, S., Astbury, S., August, T., Barrett, G., Beckmann, B., Biggs, J., Botham, M., Bradley, D., Chadwick, D., Collier, R., Cooper, D., Cooper, J., Cosby, B.J., Creer, S., Cross, P., Dadam, D., Edwards, F., Edwards, M., Evans, C., Ewald, N., Garbutt, A., Giampieri, C., Goodwin, A., Grebby, S., Greene, S., Halfpenney, I., Hall, J., Harrower, C., Henrys, P., Hobson, R., Hughes, P., Hughes, S., Isaac, N., Jackson, B., Jarvis, S., Jones, D.L., Jones, P., Keith, A., Kelly, M., Kneebone, N., Lallias, D., Lebron, I., Malcolm, H., Maskell, L., MacDonald, J., Maxwell, D., Moxley, J., Norton, L., Oliver, T., Owen, A., Parkhill, K.A., Pereira, M.G., Peyton, J., Powney, G., Prochorskaite, A., Rawlins, B., Reuland, O., Robinson, D.A., Rorke, S., Rowland, C., Roy, D., Scarlett, P., Scholefield, P., Scott, L., Smith, G.R., Siriwardena, G., Smart, S., Smith, P., Swetnam, R., Taft, H., Taylor, R., Tebbs, E., Thomas, A., Tordoff, G., Turner, G., Van Breda, J., Vincent, H., Wagner, M., Waters, E., Walker-Springett, K., Wallace, H., Webb, G., Williams, B., Williams, P., Wood, C., Emmett, Bridget, Williams, Bronwen, Emmett, B.E., Abdalla, M., Anthony, S., Astbury, S., August, T., Barrett, G., Beckmann, B., Biggs, J., Botham, M., Bradley, D., Chadwick, D., Collier, R., Cooper, D., Cooper, J., Cosby, B.J., Creer, S., Cross, P., Dadam, D., Edwards, F., Edwards, M., Evans, C., Ewald, N., Garbutt, A., Giampieri, C., Goodwin, A., Grebby, S., Greene, S., Halfpenney, I., Hall, J., Harrower, C., Henrys, P., Hobson, R., Hughes, P., Hughes, S., Isaac, N., Jackson, B., Jarvis, S., Jones, D.L., Jones, P., Keith, A., Kelly, M., Kneebone, N., Lallias, D., Lebron, I., Malcolm, H., Maskell, L., MacDonald, J., Maxwell, D., Moxley, J., Norton, L., Oliver, T., Owen, A., Parkhill, K.A., Pereira, M.G., Peyton, J., Powney, G., Prochorskaite, A., Rawlins, B., Reuland, O., Robinson, D.A., Rorke, S., Rowland, C., Roy, D., Scarlett, P., Scholefield, P., Scott, L., Smith, G.R., Siriwardena, G., Smart, S., Smith, P., Swetnam, R., Taft, H., Taylor, R., Tebbs, E., Thomas, A., Tordoff, G., Turner, G., Van Breda, J., Vincent, H., Wagner, M., Waters, E., Walker-Springett, K., Wallace, H., Webb, G., Williams, B., Williams, P., and Wood, C.

Abstract

What is the purpose of Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme? Glastir is the main scheme by which the Welsh Government pays for environmental goods and services whilst the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP) evaluates the scheme’s success. Commissioning of the monitoring programme in parallel with the launch of the Glastir scheme provides fast feedback and means payments can be modified to increase effectiveness. The Glastir scheme is jointly funded by the Welsh Government (through the Rural Development Plan) and the EU. GMEP will also support a wide range of other national and international reporting requirements. What is the GMEP approach? GMEP collects evidence for the 6 intended outcomes from the Glastir scheme which are focussed on climate change, water and soil quality, biodiversity, landscape, access and historic environment, woodland creation and management. Activities include; a national rolling monitoring programme of 1km squares; new analysis of long term data from other schemes combining with GMEP data where possible; modelling to estimate future outcomes so that adjustments can be made to maximise impact of payments; surveys to assess wider socio-economic benefits; and development of novel technologies to increase detection and efficiency of future assessments. How has GMEP progressed in this 2nd year? 90 GMEP squares were surveyed in Year 2 to add to the 60 completed in Year 1 resulting in 50% of the 300 GMEP survey squares now being completed. Squares will be revisited on a 4 year cycle providing evidence of change in response to Glastir and other pressures such as changing economics of the farm business, climate change and air pollution. This first survey cycle collects the baseline against which future changes will be assessed. This is important as GMEP work this year has demonstrated land coming into the scheme is different in some respects to land outside the scheme. Therefore, future analysis to detect impact of Glastir will

Published
2015

25. Measuring stock and change in the GB countryside for policy:key findings and developments from the Countryside Survey 2007 field survey

Author

Norton, L. R., Maskell, L. C., Smart, S. S., Dunbar, M. J., Emmett, B. A., Carey, P. D., Williams, P., Crowe, A., Chandler, K., Scott, W. A., Wood, C. M., Norton, L. R., Maskell, L. C., Smart, S. S., Dunbar, M. J., Emmett, B. A., Carey, P. D., Williams, P., Crowe, A., Chandler, K., Scott, W. A., and Wood, C. M.

Abstract

Countryside Survey is a unique large scale long-term monitoring programme investigating stock and change of habitats, landscape features, vegetation, soil and freshwaters of Great Britain. Repeat field surveys combine policy and scientific objectives to provide evidence on how multiple aspects of the environment are changing over time, a key goal of international science in the face of profound human impacts on ecosystems. Countryside Survey 2007 (CS2007), the fifth survey since 1978, retained consistency with previous surveys, whilst evolving in line with technological and conceptual advances in the collection and integration of data to understand landscape change. This paper outlines approaches taken in the 2007 survey and its subsequent analysis and presents some of the headline results of the survey and their relevance for national and international policy objectives. Key changes between 1998 and 2007 included: a) significant shifts in agricultural land cover from arable to grassland, accompanied by increases in the area of broadleaved woodland, b) decreases in the length of managed hedges associated with agricultural land, as a proportion deteriorated to lines of trees and c) increases in the areas and numbers of wet habitats (standing open water, ponds) and species preferring wetter conditions (1998-2007 and 1978-2007). Despite international policy directed at maintaining and enhancing biodiversity, there were widespread decreases in species richness in all linear and area habitats, except on arable land, consistent with an increase in competitive and late successional species between 1998 and 2007 and 1978 and 2007. Late successional and competitive species: Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), Hawthorn (Cratageous monogyna) and Bramble (Rubus fruticosus), in the top ten recorded species recorded in 2007, all increased between 1998 and 2007. The most commonly recorded species in CS (1990, 1998 and 2007) was agricultural Ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Increases in bot

Published
2012

26. UK National Ecosystem Assessment:Technical report

Author

Watson, R, Albon, S, Aspinall, R, Austen, M, Bardgett, B, Bateman, I, Berry, P, Bird, W, Bradbury, R, Brown, C, Bulloch, J, Burgess, J, Church, A, Christie, C, Crute, I, Davies, L, Edwards-Jones, G, Emmett, B, Firbank, L, Fitter, A, Gibson, A, Hails, R, Haines-Young, R, Heathwaite, Ann Louise, Hopkins, J, Jenkins, M, Jones, L, Mace, G, Malcolm, S, Maltby, E, Maskell, L, Norris, K, Ormerod, S, Osborne, J, Pretty, J, Quine, C, Russell, S, Simpson, L, Smith, P, Tierney, M, Turner, K, van der Wal, R, Vira, B, Walpole, M, Watkinson, A, Weighell, A, Winn, J, Winter, M, Watson, R, Albon, S, Aspinall, R, Austen, M, Bardgett, B, Bateman, I, Berry, P, Bird, W, Bradbury, R, Brown, C, Bulloch, J, Burgess, J, Church, A, Christie, C, Crute, I, Davies, L, Edwards-Jones, G, Emmett, B, Firbank, L, Fitter, A, Gibson, A, Hails, R, Haines-Young, R, Heathwaite, Ann Louise, Hopkins, J, Jenkins, M, Jones, L, Mace, G, Malcolm, S, Maltby, E, Maskell, L, Norris, K, Ormerod, S, Osborne, J, Pretty, J, Quine, C, Russell, S, Simpson, L, Smith, P, Tierney, M, Turner, K, van der Wal, R, Vira, B, Walpole, M, Watkinson, A, Weighell, A, Winn, J, and Winter, M

Published
2011

27. UK National Ecosystem Assessment:understanding nature's value to society. Synthesis of key findings

Author

Watson, R., Albon, S., Aspinall, R., Austen, M., Bardgett, B., Bateman, I., Berry, P., Bird, W., Bradbury, R., Brown, C., Bullock, J., Burgess, J., Church, A., Christie, C, Crute, I., Davies, L, Edwards-Jones, G., Emmett, B., Firbank, L., Fitter, A., Gibson, A., Hails, R., Haines-Young, R., L., Heathwaite A., Heathwaite, Louise, Hopkins, J., Jenkins, M., Jones, L., Mace, G., Malcolm, S., Maltby, E., Maskell, L., Norris, K., Ormerod, S., Osborne, J., Pretty, J., Quine, C., Russell, S., Simpson, L., Smith, P., Tierney, M., K., Turner., Van der Wal, R., Vira, B., Walpole, M., Watkinson, A., Weighell, A., Winn, J., Winter, M., Watson, R., Albon, S., Aspinall, R., Austen, M., Bardgett, B., Bateman, I., Berry, P., Bird, W., Bradbury, R., Brown, C., Bullock, J., Burgess, J., Church, A., Christie, C, Crute, I., Davies, L, Edwards-Jones, G., Emmett, B., Firbank, L., Fitter, A., Gibson, A., Hails, R., Haines-Young, R., L., Heathwaite A., Heathwaite, Louise, Hopkins, J., Jenkins, M., Jones, L., Mace, G., Malcolm, S., Maltby, E., Maskell, L., Norris, K., Ormerod, S., Osborne, J., Pretty, J., Quine, C., Russell, S., Simpson, L., Smith, P., Tierney, M., K., Turner., Van der Wal, R., Vira, B., Walpole, M., Watkinson, A., Weighell, A., Winn, J., and Winter, M.

Published
2011

30. Terrestrial Umbrella - Effects of eutrophication and acidification on terrestrial ecosystems. Annual Report 2009

Author

Emmett, B., Ashmore, M., Belyazid, S, Britton, A., Broadmeadow, M., Caporn, S., Davies, O., Field, C., Dise, N., Helliwell, R., Hester, A., Hughes, S., Leake, L., Leith, I., Maskell, L., Mills, R., Mizunuma, T., Ostle, N., Phoenix, G., Power, S., Reynolds, B., Rowe, E., Scott, A., Sheppard, L., Smart, S., Sowerby, A., Tipping, E., Vanguelova, E., Vuohelainen, A., Williams, B.P., Emmett, B., Ashmore, M., Belyazid, S, Britton, A., Broadmeadow, M., Caporn, S., Davies, O., Field, C., Dise, N., Helliwell, R., Hester, A., Hughes, S., Leake, L., Leith, I., Maskell, L., Mills, R., Mizunuma, T., Ostle, N., Phoenix, G., Power, S., Reynolds, B., Rowe, E., Scott, A., Sheppard, L., Smart, S., Sowerby, A., Tipping, E., Vanguelova, E., Vuohelainen, A., and Williams, B.P.

Published
2009

31. Countryside Survey. Field Mapping Handbook

Author

Maskell, L. C., Norton, L. R., Smart, S. M., Carey, P. D., Murphy, J., Chamberlain, P. M., Wood, C. M., Bunce, R. G. H., Barr, C. J., Maskell, L. C., Norton, L. R., Smart, S. M., Carey, P. D., Murphy, J., Chamberlain, P. M., Wood, C. M., Bunce, R. G. H., and Barr, C. J.

Published
2008

32. Countryside Survey. Vegetation Plots Handbook

Author

Maskell, L. C., Norton, L. R., Smart, S. M., Scott, R., Carey, P. D., Murphy, J., Chamberlain, P. M., Wood, C. M., Barr, C. J., Bunce, R. G. H., Maskell, L. C., Norton, L. R., Smart, S. M., Scott, R., Carey, P. D., Murphy, J., Chamberlain, P. M., Wood, C. M., Barr, C. J., and Bunce, R. G. H.

Published
2008

33. Countryside Survey: UK Results from 2007

Author

Carey, P. D., Wallis, S., Chamberlain, P. M., Cooper, A., Emmett, B. A., Maskell, L. C., McCann, T., Murphy, J., Norton, L. R., Reynolds, B., Scott, W. A., Simpson, I. C., Smart, S. M., Ullyett, J. M., Carey, P. D., Wallis, S., Chamberlain, P. M., Cooper, A., Emmett, B. A., Maskell, L. C., McCann, T., Murphy, J., Norton, L. R., Reynolds, B., Scott, W. A., Simpson, I. C., Smart, S. M., and Ullyett, J. M.

Published
2008

34. Terrestrial Umbrella - Effects of eutrophication and acidification on terrestrial ecosystems. Annual Report 2008

Author

Emmett, B., Cooper, J. R., Ashmore, M., Belyazid, S, Britton, A., Broadmeadow, M., Caporn, S., Carroll, J., Davies, O., Dise, N., Field, C., Helliwell, R., Hester, A., Hughes, S., Leake, L., Leith, I., Maskell, L., Mills, R., Mizunuma, T., Ostle, N., Phoenix, G., Power, S., Reynolds, B., Rowe, E., Scott, A., Sheppard, L., Smart, S., Sowerby, A., Tipping, E., Vanguelova, E., Vuohelainen, A., Emmett, B., Cooper, J. R., Ashmore, M., Belyazid, S, Britton, A., Broadmeadow, M., Caporn, S., Carroll, J., Davies, O., Dise, N., Field, C., Helliwell, R., Hester, A., Hughes, S., Leake, L., Leith, I., Maskell, L., Mills, R., Mizunuma, T., Ostle, N., Phoenix, G., Power, S., Reynolds, B., Rowe, E., Scott, A., Sheppard, L., Smart, S., Sowerby, A., Tipping, E., Vanguelova, E., and Vuohelainen, A.

Published
2008

36. Countryside Survey: UK Headline Messages from 2007

Author

Carey, P. D., Wallis, S. M., Emmett, B., Maskell, L. C., Murphy, J., Norton, L. R., Simpson, I. C., Smart, S. M., Carey, P. D., Wallis, S. M., Emmett, B., Maskell, L. C., Murphy, J., Norton, L. R., Simpson, I. C., and Smart, S. M.

Published
2008

37. Terrestrial Umbrella: effects of eutrophication and acidification on terrestrial ecosystems. Final report

Author

Emmett, B., Ashmore, M., Britton, A., Broadmeadow, M., Bullock, J., Cape, N., Caporn, S. J. M., Carroll, J. A., Cooper, J. R., Cresser, M. S., Crossley, A., d'Hooghe, P., De Lange, I., Edmondson, J., Evans, C. D., Field, C., Fowler, D., Grant, H., Green, E., Griffiths, B., Haworth, B., Helliwell, R., Hicks, K., Hinton, C., Holding, H., Hughes, S., James, M., Jones, A., Jones, M., Jones, M. L. M., Leake, J., Leith, I., Maskell, L., McNamara, N., Moy, I., Oakley, S., Ostle, N., Pilkington, M., Power, S., Prendergast, M., Ray, N., Reynolds, B., Rowe, E., Roy, D., Scott, A., Sheppard, L., Smart, S., Sowerby, A., Sutton, M., Terry, A., Tipping, E., van den Berg, L., van Dijk, N., van Zetten, E., Vanguelova, E., Williams, B., Williams, D., Williams, W., Emmett, B., Ashmore, M., Britton, A., Broadmeadow, M., Bullock, J., Cape, N., Caporn, S. J. M., Carroll, J. A., Cooper, J. R., Cresser, M. S., Crossley, A., d'Hooghe, P., De Lange, I., Edmondson, J., Evans, C. D., Field, C., Fowler, D., Grant, H., Green, E., Griffiths, B., Haworth, B., Helliwell, R., Hicks, K., Hinton, C., Holding, H., Hughes, S., James, M., Jones, A., Jones, M., Jones, M. L. M., Leake, J., Leith, I., Maskell, L., McNamara, N., Moy, I., Oakley, S., Ostle, N., Pilkington, M., Power, S., Prendergast, M., Ray, N., Reynolds, B., Rowe, E., Roy, D., Scott, A., Sheppard, L., Smart, S., Sowerby, A., Sutton, M., Terry, A., Tipping, E., van den Berg, L., van Dijk, N., van Zetten, E., Vanguelova, E., Williams, B., Williams, D., and Williams, W.

Published
2007

38. Terrestrial Umbrella Annual Report. July 2006

Author

Emmett, B. A., Williams, B. L., Ashmore, M., Britton, A., Broadmeadow, M., Bullock, J., Cape, J. N., Caporn, S. J. M., Carroll, J. A., Cresser, M. S., Crossley, A. C., de Lange, I., Edmondson, J., Evans, C., Fowler, D., Grant, H., Green, E. R., Green, S., Griffiths, B., Hall, J., Helliwell, R., Hinton, C., Hughes, S., Jones, A. G., Jones, M., Leake, J. R., Leith, I. D., Maskell, L., McNamara, N., Moy, I., Oakley, S., Ostle, N., Power, S. A., Prendergast, M., Price, E. A. C., Reynolds, B., Rowe, E., Roy, D., Scott, A., Sheppard, L. J., Smart, S., Sowerby, A., Sutton, M. A., Thacker, S. A., Tipping, E., van Dijk, N., Vanguelova, E., van Zetten, E., Williams, D., Wilson, D., Wright, S., Emmett, B. A., Williams, B. L., Ashmore, M., Britton, A., Broadmeadow, M., Bullock, J., Cape, J. N., Caporn, S. J. M., Carroll, J. A., Cresser, M. S., Crossley, A. C., de Lange, I., Edmondson, J., Evans, C., Fowler, D., Grant, H., Green, E. R., Green, S., Griffiths, B., Hall, J., Helliwell, R., Hinton, C., Hughes, S., Jones, A. G., Jones, M., Leake, J. R., Leith, I. D., Maskell, L., McNamara, N., Moy, I., Oakley, S., Ostle, N., Power, S. A., Prendergast, M., Price, E. A. C., Reynolds, B., Rowe, E., Roy, D., Scott, A., Sheppard, L. J., Smart, S., Sowerby, A., Sutton, M. A., Thacker, S. A., Tipping, E., van Dijk, N., Vanguelova, E., van Zetten, E., Williams, D., Wilson, D., and Wright, S.

Published
2006

42. Countryside Survey 2000. Module 17 - Finding out causes and understanding significance (CS2000 Focus). Final report. Volume 1: Implications of findings to policy.

Author

Barr, C. J, Firbank, L. G., Howard, David, Barr, C. J., Howard, D. C., Dodd, B. A., Maskell, L. C., Norton, L. R., Petit, S., Smart, S. M., Smith, G. M., Stuart, R. C., Watkins, J. W., Wilson, A. M., Barr, C. J, Firbank, L. G., Howard, David, Barr, C. J., Howard, D. C., Dodd, B. A., Maskell, L. C., Norton, L. R., Petit, S., Smart, S. M., Smith, G. M., Stuart, R. C., Watkins, J. W., and Wilson, A. M.

Published
2003

43. Countryside Survey 2000. Module 17 - Finding out causes and understanding significance (CS2000 Focus). Final report. Volume 2: Technical Annexes

Author

Howard, D. C., Barr, C. J., Dodd, B. A., Firbank, L. G., Maskell, L. C., Norton, L. R., Petit, S., Smart, S. M., Smith, G. M., Stuart, R. C., Watkins, J. W., Wilson, A. M., Howard, D. C., Barr, C. J., Dodd, B. A., Firbank, L. G., Maskell, L. C., Norton, L. R., Petit, S., Smart, S. M., Smith, G. M., Stuart, R. C., Watkins, J. W., and Wilson, A. M.

Published
2003

44. National-scale vegetation change across Britain; an analysis of sample-based surveillance data from the Countryside Surveys of 1990 and 1998

Author

Smart, S. M., Clarke, R. T., van de Poll, H. M., Robertson, E. J., Shield, E. R., Bunce, R. G. H., Maskell, L. C., Smart, S. M., Clarke, R. T., van de Poll, H. M., Robertson, E. J., Shield, E. R., Bunce, R. G. H., and Maskell, L. C.

Abstract

Patterns of vegetation across Great Britain (GB) between 1990 and 1998 were quantified based on an analysis of plant species data from a total of 9596 fixed plots. Plots were established on a stratified random basis within 501 1 km sample squares located as part of the Countryside Survey of GB. Results are primarily conveyed in terms of a classification of national land-cover into 22 mutually exclusive Broad Habitat types. Each of the fixed vegetation plots could be assigned to the Broad Habitat in which they were located in either year. Two types of analysis are reported, both based on changes in plant species composition within monitoring plots. The first examined turnover and net change between Broad Habitat types. The second quantified more subtle changes that had occurred within each Broad Habitat using a series of condition measures that summarized multivariate plant species data as a single scalar value for each plot at each time. There are major difficulties in using uncontrolled, large-scale surveillance data to unravel causal linkages and no attempt was made to quantitatively partition variation among competing causes. However, it was clear that results were broadly consistent with environmental drivers known to have operated prior to and during the survey interval. Large-scale vegetation changes could be summarized in terms of shifts along gradients of substrate fertility and disturbance. Changes implied increased nutrient availability across upland and lowland ecosystems while, in lowland landscapes, linear features and small biotope fragments saw a marked shift to species compositions associated with greater shade and less disturbance

Published
2003

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