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Introduction and objective: Cardiac complications are the most common cause of mortality in beta thalassemia patients. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the relationship between serum ferritin level and cardiac complications in Thalassemia patients at Specific Diseases Center in Bam city in 2018. Methodology: This is a descriptive-analytical study. Fifty-five patients with thalassemia major in Bam city were selected using a convenient sampling method. They were examined in terms of the prevalence of cardiac complications and their relationship with serum ferritin level was evaluated using SPSS 23 software and descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The significance level was considered p-value< 0.05 in this study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 17.84 ± 6.72. The mean serum ferritin level was 3674.07 ± 2192.21 mg / dl. Only 3 out of 29 patients (5.8%) had an ejection fraction (EF) reduction in echocardiography. In other echocardiographic studies, 13.7% of patients had MILD MR Heart valve dysfunction and 3.9% had MILD TR heart valve dysfunction and 1 person (1.9%) had both dysfunctions simultaneously. Moreover, 13 patients (25.5%) had diastolic cardiac dysfunction. There was no statistically significant relationship between the serum ferritin level of the studied people and echocardiographic findings (p-value

Given the anticipation of water supply becoming increasingly scarce in the future and costlier, water conservation in turfgrass management has become extremely important. The application of mycorrhizal fungi in water scarcity has been considered as one of the most promising methods to improve turfgrass management. Accordingly, the present study evaluates the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation in the growth of two turfgrass species under water stress conditions. Two turfgrass species (Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pratensis] and perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L.]) were subjected to two watering regimes (well-watered [watering 100% field capacity] and water deficit [watering 50% field capacity]) in the presence of AMF (a mixture of Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis, or non-inoculated plants [non-AMF] as control) and humic acid spray treatments (0 mg/L and 500 mg/L). Not surprisingly, lack of water resulted in diminished morphological traits, mineral nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, relative water content, and enzyme activities, and increased proline content, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in both turfgrass species. On the other hand, AMF-inoculated plants grown under well-watered conditions showed increased plant biomass, phosphorous concentration, and relative water content compared to non-AMF plants. Further, nitrogen and potassium concentrations and catalase activity were improved by humic acid. There was no significant difference in water stress tolerance between P. pratensis and L. perenne. In conclusion, the two turfgrass species showed a good response to AMF inoculation under water stress conditions, where humic acid was found to be less effective.

Undoped and Cu-doped ZnSe nanoparticle (NPs) were prepared and grown hydrothermally in aqueous media assisted by microwave irradiation (MWIR) at different synthesis conditions of pH and MWIR times. In the mentioned process, sodium hydroxide (NaBH4), used for preparing selenium ions source with dissolving it and selenium powder in deionized water. To investigate the structural aspects and nanoparticles morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. According to the results of XRD, no displacement was seen in the position of XRD peaks of ZnSe nanoparticles by altering the pH and microwave irradiation time. XRD analysis demonstrated cubic zinc blende NPs and TEM images indicated round shape morphology of them. Depending to the microwave irradiation time, upon the XRD outputs, the size of the synthesized NPs were in the range of 1.54–2.18 nm. In this research, for samples synthesized at different pHs (= 8, 10.2, 11.2 and 12.2), at two microwave irradiation time of 0 and 6 min, and also at the presence of Cu-dopant (with the contents of 0, 0.1,0.75 and 1.5%), structural characteristics such as dislocation density(δ), lattice strain(e), size of nanoparticles (D) and full width at half maximum (FWHM:βhkl) have been evaluated upon the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods, in which undoped and ZnSe:Cu 0.1% synthesized at pH = 11.2 have the best crystalline quality; such results for the optimum samples, introduce them as promising materials in optoelectronic devices. The results of structural features obtained from Scherrer and Williamson-Hall approaches are highly intercorrelated and show the same trends with the variation of synthesis conditions.

Background: Elderly pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in terms of traffic-related injuries. This study aimed to investigate traffic behavior and its determinants among elderly pedestrians in Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the traffic behavior of 600 elderly pedestrians in Zanjan, northwestern Iran. Pedestrian traffic behavior was evaluated in five domains (traffic violations, traffic distraction, adherence to traffic rules, aggressive behaviors, and positive behaviors) using the Pedestrian Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ). Participants’ socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed by an SES questionnaire, and cognitive function was assessed by the Abbreviated Mental Test score (AMTS). The participants were selected using the multistage random sampling method.Results: 50% of elders were man. 488 (81.3%) of them had 60-74 and 112 (18.7%) were 75 years old and above. More than 90% of elderly pedestrians showed unsafe traffic behavior. This included traffic violations and failure to adhere to traffic rules. Almost half the elders were aggressive and distracted when walking and crossing the street. Higher SES was associated with both higher cognitive status and safer traffic behavior. Higher SES, healthy cognitive function, male sex, walking more than 1 hour a day, higher levels of education, and being married were among the determinants of safe traffic behavior.Conclusion: The majority of the elders showed unsafe traffic behavior Elderly pedestrians with high SES and healthy cognitive function were more likely to exhibit safe behavior than those with low SES and cognitive dysfunction. . Interventions are needed to improve the traffic behavior of elderly pedestrians special with low SES.

BACKGROUND: Stem cell differentiation therapy is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. we show that protein cocktail prepared from serum starved fibroblasts has therapeutic potential based on this strategy. METHODS: The condition medium was prepared from foreskin isolated fibroblasts and analyzed by Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). LA7 mammary gland cancer stem cells originated tumors were induced in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats treated subcutaneously with DMEM (group A), condition medium (group B), or normal saline (group C) once daily for 7 days. Then the tumors were removed and divided into the two parts, one part was used to quantify gene expression by stem-loop RT-qPCR assay and the other part was used for Hematoxylin & Eosin (H & E), Giemsa, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. RESULTS: All induced tumors appeared as sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC). Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed this conclusion by recognizing the tumor as Ki67(+), cytokeratin(+), vimentine(+), and estrogen receptor negative SC. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Oct4-, Sox-2, Nanog- gene expression was much reduced in the condition medium treated tumors versus proper controls (p< 0.05). Tissue necrosis was more prevalent in this group while tumors volume was diminished almost by 40%. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis unrevealed the stemness reducing and the cell death inducing proteins such as, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), insulin like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) and -7 (IGFBP-7) in the condition medium. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the substances released from starved human fibroblasts were able to down-regulate the stemness-related genes and induce necrosis in LA7 derived tumors.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third most common tumor among women. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are common treatments, however high stage tumors have frequently poor prognosis. Nowadays, the epigenetic reversion introduced as an efficient strategy of treatment of cervical cancer. In the process, inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) induce re-expression of tumor suppressor genes. Among these inhibitors, disulfiram (DSF) has been suggested as non-nucleoside analogous. In this research, we evaluated the epigenetic effect of DSF on demethylation of the tumor suppressor gene, RASSF1A, in Hela cell line. Materials and methods: Hela cells were cultured and treated with different doses from 2.5 to 37.5µM during 24, 48 and 72 hours. MTT assay was carried out to find half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The methylation specific PCR (MSP) assay was applied to evaluate methylation pattern. Results: The IC50 of DSF was determined at the 2.5, 12.5, and 15µM after72 hours. The MSP results showed partial demethylation at mentioned concentrations after 72h but unmethylated band was not observed after 24h. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that, IC50 of DSF exerted a biphasic effect in Hela cell line and at least 72 hours treatment is needed for the epigenetic reversion of DSF on RASSF1Ain Hela cell line.

Aims: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common subtype of esophageal cancer in Iran. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that are found to be involved in different processes and can play a role in tumorigenesis and result in cancer. MiR-371, miR-372, and miR-373 are a gene cluster that is located in the region of the human chromosome of 19q13.4. They are specifically expressed in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and involved in the maintenance of the stemness features through regulating the expression of certain key genes and signaling pathways. The present study investigated the potential expression of miR-371–373 cluster in tumor and nontumor tissues of ESCC. Materials and Methods: The expression level of miR-371–373 cluster was analyzed in paraffin-embedded tissues of tumor and tumor margin in 36 patients with ESCC. Total RNA was isolated and the miR-371–373 clusters were quantified with quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction expression analysis. Computed tomography analysis (2–ΔΔCT) and t-test were used to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the tumor and nontumor tissues. Statistically, P value of

The modified multifunctional electrodes for electro-Fenton (EF) process are suggested to be promising cathodes for in situ electro-generation and activation of H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radicals ((OH)-O-center dot). However, heterogeneous EF process still faces the challenges of limited catalytic activity and releasing of massive amounts of transition metals to the solution after removal of organic pollutants. The main aim of the present investigation was to prepare a cathode containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CuFe nano-layered double hydroxide (NLDH) for degradation and mineralization of cefazolin antibiotic through electro-Fenton process. Structural and electrochemical analyses demonstrated that CuFeNLDH-CNTs nanocomposite was successfully incorporated on the surface of graphite cathode. Due to the increased formation of (OH)-O-center dot in the reactor, the incorporation of CNTs into NLDH matrix with a catalyst loading of 0.1 g substantially improved the degradation efficiency of cefazolin (89.9%) in comparison with CNTs-coated (28.7%) and bare graphite cathode (22.8%) within 100 mM. In the presence of 15 mM of ethanol, the degradation efficiency of cefazolin was remarkably decreased to 43.7% by the process, indicating the major role of (OH)-O-center dot in the destruction of target molecules. Acidic conditions favored the degradation efficiency of cefazolin by the modified EF process. Mineralization efficiency of the bio-refractory compound was obtained to be 70.1% in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis after 300 min. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was also implemented to identify the intermediate byproducts generated during the degradation of cefazolin in the CuFeNLDH-CNTs/EF reactor.

Objective/ Background: Cancer is still the most common cause of morbidity in world and new powerful anticancer agents without severe side effects from natural sources is important. Methods: The evaluation of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction was carried out in MCF-7,HeLa and Saos-2 as cancerous cell lines with different histological origin and human fibroblast served as control normal cell. The cells were treated with different concentrations of chitosan and the cytotoxicity was determined using MTT assay after 24, 48 and 72 h .The mode of death was evaluated by flow cytometry . Results: While both types of chitosan showed significant concentration-dependently cytotoxic effects against the three cancerous cell lines, fibroblast cells showed somehow more compatibility with chitosan. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between LMWC and HMWC cytotoxicity in all cell lines. The flow cytometry results showed the apoptosis pattern of death more in Saos-2 and HeLa while necrosis was more observable with MCF7. Also higher viability with both types of chitosan was seen in fibroblast as normal cells Conclusion: Chitosan shows anticancerous effect against 3 cancerous cell lines, while it is compatible with normal diploid fibroblast cells. Furthermore, it seems that the molecular weight of chitosan does not affect its anticancerous property.

Previous researches reported the role of beta2 adrenergic receptors in regulation of inflammatory processes. So, the current study evaluated the effect of salbutamol, a beta2 receptor agonist, against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rat model. Salbutamol (1 and 2 mg kg−1, intraperitoneal) was injected for 3 days starting 24 h before acetic acid instillation. The severity of acute ulcerative colitis in rats was evaluated by measuring the body weight loss, ulcer area, colon weight, hematocrit, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO), and pathological and biochemical studies. The colon level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were analyzed by ELISA. These experiments showed that salbutamol (2 mg kg−1, intraperitoneal) significantly attenuated acute colitis as indicated by reduction of macroscopic score, pathological score, weight loss, ulcer area, and improvement in hematocrit level. Salbutamol at the dose of 2 mg kg−1 significantly reduced the elevated levels of MPO, TNF-alpha, IL1beta, and IL-6 in inflamed colon. In conclusion, salbutamol can ameliorate acute ulcerative colitis, possibly via the stimulation of beta2 receptors.

Down-regulation of stemness genes expression is important in differentiation therapy against cancer stem cells (CSCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the Oct4 , Sox2, Nanog, and C-myc expression in rat breast cancer stem cells (LA7) which treated with human ovarian follicular fluid (FF), replicative senescent fibroblast culture supernatant (P14), and 16 h serum starved fibroblast supernatant (16 h-SFS). The cells were exposed to these biological fluids for 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days. Stem-loop RT-qPCR assay was used to quantify the expression of above mentioned genes. Results showed that FF had the least cytotoxic effect on the LA7 cells. Except for Nanog gene, exposure of LA7 cell line to 16 h-SFS and P14 decreased significantly expression of the three other genes after 24 h (P 0.05). Nanog and Sox2 genes expression was also decreased in LA7 cells which have been already treated with FF for 24 h. Moreover, compared to the control solution, the expression of Oct4 increased significantly after 7 days exposure to FF (P 0.05). Annexin V-PE /7-AAD-, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and doubling time assays revealed apoptosis and necrosis induction by these biological fluids in LA7 cells. Moreover, in an in vitro model of metastasis assay, i.e., scratch test, these fluids exhibited anti-LA7 migration activity which culminated in 16 h-SFS treated cells. Generally, this study showed that FF, 16 h-SFS, and P14 have positive effects on down-regulation of Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 and C-myc expression, and consequently can increase the differentiation of breast cancer stem cells. For the first time, this study provided some evidence indicating that some biological fluids have potential to differentiate the CSCs, show anti- survival, growth-, and cell migration activity.

Objectives There is still a need to develop new effective medications for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, particularly for patients who are intolerant or resistant to first line therapies. This article compared the efficacy and safety of etrolizumab and infliximab in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Methods This meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA statement protocol. A systematic literature search of three major bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochran) was performed until June 30, 2018. This review included studies that evaluated the efficacy of etrolizumab or infliximab in ulcerative colitis and were placebo controlled randomized trials. Pooled data from each treatment were indirectly compared using Bucher's method. Results Seven trials were sufficiently homogeneous to be used for indirect comparison of the induction phase of the treatment. There were no significant differences in clinical remission and serious adverse events between etrolizumab and infliximab. Moreover, adverse events of etrolizumab were significantly less than those of infliximab. However, further trials are required to compare other parameters of efficacy such as the clinical response and mucosal healing of etrolizumab with infliximab in anti-TNF alpha naive patients.

Previous studies have detected adenovirus and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in cardiac tissue of patients with myocarditis. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the frequency of these viruses, which may be involved in the development of severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Myocardial tissue from of 23 cardiac transplant candidates with acute idiopathic DCM below the age of 40 years were analyzed by amplification of adenovirus and CMV DNA and subsequent sequencing. Adenovirus was detected in four (17.4%) and CMV in one (4.3%) of the patients. All controls were negative for the presence of both viruses. Our study shows that myocardial infection with adenovirus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe DCM and suggests that vaccination against adenovirus might be helpful in decreasing the prevalence of severe idiopathic DCM. This is the first study in which adenovirus type 8 has been detected in the hearts of patients with DCM.

Objective Preeclampsia is a syndrome that affects 5% of all pregnancies, producing substantial maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. Several studies have reported that cytokine genes are associated with the persistence of preeclampsia or the severity of the disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between the polymorphisms of interleukin-1 alpha-889 (IL-1A) gene and preeclampsia. Method Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 305 patients with preeclampsia and 325 normal controls from Sayyad Shirazi Hospital of Golestan University. Then subjected to SSP-PCR amplification. STATA software and the chi square test were used for statistic calculations. Results The frequencies of IL-1A -889 genotypes C/C, T/T and C/T in preeclampsia cases were 34.8%, 8.2%, 57% and in controls were 20.9%, 7.6% and 71.3% respectively. There was a significant 1.5 fold excess frequency in genotype C/C in cases (CI=1.44–3.07, OR=2.1, P =0.0001). There was a significant difference in the frequencies of alleles or genotypes in IL-1A promoter regions between patients with preeclampsia and the control group. Turkomans showed the highest frequency of the C allele and Sistanies had the lowest frequency of the C allele in preeclampsia compared to control groups (CI=1.5–3.9, OR=2.48, P =0.0001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the IL-1A-899C/C genotype and C allele are associated with susceptibility to preeclampsia.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women throughout the world. Similar to other cancers, a strong relationship between breast cancer and environmental factors such as infectious agents has been reported. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite which may play a role in cancer induction. The present study aimed to investigate a possible association between a history of T. gondii infection and breast cancer by detecting T. gondii DNA in malignant and non-malignant breast and lymph nodes tissues from breast cancer patients with latent toxoplasmosis. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks from malignant/non-malignant breast and lymph nodes were obtained from twenty-nine breast cancer patients who were positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG). FFPE tissue blocks were deparaffinized using hot water method, and DNA was extracted. A conventional PCR analysis was performed to amplify partial regions of T. gondii B1 and REP-529 genes. Ninety-three samples from 29 patients were examined. All patients were negative for anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgM). T. gondii DNA was detected in 3 (10.3%) patients by PCR analysis of either B1 or REP-529 genes. These include two malignant breast and one normal lymph node samples. Sequence analysis of these genes showed a good similarity with previously published B1 and REP-529 sequences of T. gondii in NCBI GenBank. This study did not find any association between T. gondii infection and breast cancer. Furthermore, it is the first molecular identification of T. gondii in FFPE tissue samples obtained from breast cancer patients.

A polymeric film of Alizarin Red S was formed on a glassy carbon electrode and used for electrochemical detection of Levodopa (L-DOPA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). The sensor represented excellent electrocatalytic activity for their oxidations. The resultant differential pulse voltammograms show well defined and fully resolved anodic oxidation peaks for determination of the analytes. Anodic oxidation currents of L-DOPA, HVA, and AA showed linearity with good correlation coefficient (>0.996), high sensitivity, and low detection limits (6, 17, and 30 nM respectively). The sensor was used for recovery of analytes in human plasma samples.

Nano-layered double hydroxide (NLDH) decorated with Fe and Cu was applied as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for catalytic degradation of gentamicin by the electro-Fenton (EF) process. The EF process was equipped with graphite plate under aeration to electrochemically generate hydrogen peroxide in the solution. The characterization analyses confirmed the suitable structure of as-synthesized Cu-Fe-NLDH to be acted as catalyst for treating the target pollutant. The comparative study showed the highest removal efficiency of 91.3% when the Cu-Fe-NLDH-equipped EF process was applied in comparison with the Fenton (50%) and the electro-oxidation alone (25.6%). The acidic pHs favored the degradation of gentamicin. Increasing the current resulted in the enhanced degradation of gentamicin, while the excessive electrolyte concentration (0.1 mol/L) and catalyst dosage (1.5 g/L) led to the tangible drop in the reactor performance. At a specified reaction time, the injection of O 3 gas enhanced the efficiency of the Cu-Fe-NLDH-equipped EF process. The presence of ethanol led to more suppressing effect than benzoquinone, indicating the dominant role of OH radical in the degradation of gentamicin compared with other free radical species such as O 2 - radical. Only 10% drop in the degradation efficiency of gentamicin was observed within 10 operational runs. The mineralization efficiency of about 77% was achieved after 300 min in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The intermediate byproducts generated during the destructive removal of gentamicin were also identified.

Menthol is an aromatic compound with high antiinflammatory activity. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the effectiveness of menthol on acetic acid induced acute colitis in rats. Animals were injected with menthol (20 and 50 and 80mg/kg, i.p.) 24h prior to induction of colitis for 3 consecutive days. Menthol at medium and higher doses similar to dexamethasone as a reference drug significantly reduced body weight loss, macroscopic damage score, ulcer area, colon weight, colon length and improved hematocrit in rats with colitis. The histopathological examination also confirmed anti-colitic effects of menthol. Menthol also reduced significantly the colonic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in inflamed colons. Thus, the findings of the current study provide evidence that menthol may be beneficial in patients suffering from acute ulcerative colitis.

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between product market competition and capital structure of the selected industries on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Considering Tobin’s Q and Herfindahl-Hirschman index as the independent variable and the debt ratio as the dependent variable, the research model is developed. This is an applied study classified as the descriptive- correlation study. The sample covers 89 listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange during a period over 2007 to 2011. The collected data is analyzed by using multivariate regression executed in EVIEWS software. The findings reveal that there is a significant association between the capital structures of the selected industry and the product market competition. Additionally, applying Tobin’s Q and Herfindahl-Hirschman index as the indexes to measure the competitiveness in the product market does not document the significant relationship between product market competition and capital structure. The other findings, however, confirm the nonlinear relationship between Tobin’s Q and capital structure.

Background Ulcerative colitis is a relapsing inflammatory disorder of the colon. There is a need to explore the new treatments for this disorder. Theophylline, a competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, is shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of theophylline on ulcerative colitis has not yet been investigated. The present study evaluated the effect of theophylline on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Materials and methods Colitis was induced by instillation of 2 ml of acetic acid solution (3%). Colon samples were evaluated grossly and microscopically and assayed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Results Treatment with theophylline at the doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg attenuated acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis as shown by improvement in body weight loss, macroscopic score, ulcer area, hematocrit and histopathological score. Theophylline treatment also reduced MPO activity and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1 β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations in inflamed colon. Conclusion Theophylline has a protective effect in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis which might be due to its anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, theophylline has the potential to be used for successful treatment of ulcerative colitis.

The Cytochrome P-4501B1 ( CYP1B1) Leu432Val polymorphism has been previously shown to be associated with some types of cancer and affects CYP1B1-mediated metabolism of various infertility drugs. To establish the frequency of CYP1B1 Leu432Val polymorphism among women with a history of infertility drug use, we studied the genotypes of 147 patients with breast cancer with a history of infertility and 150 cancer-free, infertile women (control group) in Northern Iran. A polymerase chain reaction–based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to detect GG (Val/Val), CG (Leu/Val), and CC (Leu/Leu) genotype frequencies, which did not vary significantly between the 2 patient groups ( P = .847). We established for the first time that the incidence of CYP1B1 Leu432Val polymorphism is 46.6% among women with infertility history and breast cancer in Northern Iran. Finally, our results do not show any significant association between CYP1B1 Leu432Val polymorphism and breast cancer in infertile women in this region, who have also received infertility treatment.

This article presents the results of a study that examined the psychological wellbeing of a community sample of children in Iran (N=53) exposed to domestic violence, comparing them to a clinical comparison group without exposure to domestic violence. The results replicated past findings of elevated levels of trauma symptomatology in this population. Further, children exposed to domestic violence differed significantly from unexposed children with respect to somatic symptoms and hostility. Specifically, higher domestic violence was associated with higher somatic symptoms and hostility levels. These results indicate that children exposed to domestic violence have different physical and psychological health to controls and may be physiologically and psychologically traumatised by virtue of exposure to domestic violence.

This study examined compare the behaviors of Fars, Lor and Turkish children who were 6 to 18 years of age and exposed to parent violence with an age and ethnically similar sample of children who were not exposed to violence and to compare both exposed and non exposed children to normative samples. Children, age 6 to 18 years, who were exposed to parent violence, exhibit significantly more internalizing, externalizing and total behavior problems than children who were not exposed to parent violence. In addition, the mean internalizing behavior score for boys 6 to 11 years of age as well as girls and boys 12 to 18 years of age of violence parents were not significantly different from the clinical referral norms. Internalizing behaviors of anxiety, withdrawal and depression are consistent with suicidal risk. Present data demonstrate that children who exposed to parent violence have significantly more behavioral problems than the non clinically referred norm children but also, for most children, display significantly fewer problems than the clinically referred children.