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Koordinasi bagi pebulutangkis usia dini sangat penting sehingga tes dan pengukuran perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui keterampilan yang dicapainya. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui hasil tes dan pengukuran koordinasi pebulutangkis usia dini. Metode kuantitatif melalui tes dan pengukuran dilakukan. Responden ditentukan dengan purposive sampling yang melibatkan 30 pebulutangkis putra usia dini serta 10 pebulutangkis putri dengan dilakukan tes dan pengukuran. Teknik analisis data deskriptif presentase diterapkan. Prosedur penelitian menerapkan tes koordinasi dengan melakukan pukulan dinding pada jarak 2-meter selama 1 menit. Hasil tes pebulutangkis putra kategori usia dini kriteria sangat baik = 2, baik = 3, sedang = 8, kurang = 7 dan kurang sekali = 10. Pada pebulutangkis putri usia dini sangat baik = 1, baik = 1, sedang = 2, kurang = 1 dan kurang sekali = 5. Temuan penelitian tidak semua pebulutangkis usia dini memiliki hasil tes koordinasi yang baik sehingga perlu adanya evaluasi yang tepat oleh pelatih yang berkaitan dengan program latihan sehingga mendapatkan hasil optimal. Kesimpulannya tes koordinasi dapat dijadikan sebagai potret kemajuan perkembangan latihan sehingga dapat mengukur dengan tepat kemampuan pebulutangkis usia dini sekaligus dapat dijadikan sebagai rekam jejak dari pebulutangkis yang dapat dijadikan pegangan dan dilakukan tindak lanjut dalam meningkatkan keterampilan gerak pebulutangkis.

Many restaurants face challenges in implementing sustainable practices due to various constraints, including financial limitations, access to eco-friendly products, and infrastructural inadequacies. Lago'Ta Cafe & Resto in Pare-Pare is no exception, despite its commendable efforts in waste management and sourcing local ingredients. This study employs a qualitative approach, combining interviews with top management, employees, and policymakers at Lago'Ta Cafe & Resto. The focus is on exploring their current sustainability practices, identifying challenges, and evaluating potential solutions. The research highlights Lago'Ta Cafe & Resto's strong commitment to sustainability through effective waste management and support for local farmers and fishermen. However, significant challenges such as financial constraints, limited availability of eco-friendly products, and infrastructural limitations pose obstacles to their sustainability efforts. To enhance its sustainability initiatives, Lago'Ta Cafe & Resto should prioritize strategic financial planning, and diversification of their supply chain to include more eco-friendly options and infrastructure improvements. Effective communication with customers about their sustainability efforts and advocacy for supportive policies are also crucial steps toward maximizing their positive impact on the environment and the local community in Pare-Pare.

The purpose of this study was to examine and explain the influence of the non-physical work environment, empowerment and training on the performance of contract employees at the West Muna Regency Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency. This research approach is a survey with an explanatory research design. Data collection was carried out using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Respondents in this study were all employees of the West Muna Regency Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency, namely as many as 59 people using a census method. The data analysis method of this research is descriptive analysis and Multivariate Regression Analysis.The results showed that the non-physical work environment partially had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, empowerment partially had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, training partially had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and the non-physical work environment, empowerment and training together had a positive and significant effect on employee performance.

Mohammad A Jareebi,1 Ahmad Y Alqassim,1 Saja A Almraysi,1 Weaam A Alfaifi,1 Taif A Masri,1 Rana S Alaki,1 Wasan M Qawfashi,1 Khairiah Ibrahim Nehari,1 Sawsan B Hakami,1 Ibrahim M Gosadi,1 Mohammed A Muaddi,1 Abdullah A Alharbi,1 Anwar M Makeen,1 Sarah MA Salih,1 Ali Abdullah Masmali2 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Jazan Health Affairs, King Fahd Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohammad A Jareebi, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Email mjareebi@jazanu.edu.saBackground: Despite deep cultural traditions, incense burning significantly impacts respiratory health. Effects of Arabian bakhour remain unknown in Saudi Arabia’s Jazan region with prevalent use. This cross-sectional study addresses this gap by investigating bakhour exposure and respiratory diseases.Methods: This was descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia, from October 2023 to March 2024. A total of 1612 participants age more than 18 years, both gender and resident of Jazan Area were included. Those aged less than 18 years were excluded. SPSS v 26 was used for data analysis.Results: The sample (n=1612) had a mean age of 29± 11 years and was 63% female. Bakhour use was nearly universal (98%), especially using coal (73%). Higher bakhour frequency significantly associated with increased cough (p< 0.01) and dyspnea (p< 0.01). Certain bakhour types linked to greater allergic rhinitis prevalence (p< 0.01). Regression analysis revealed cough during bakhour use worsened respiratory health (increased respiratory score) by 3.89 times (95% CI 1.13– 6.64; p=0.006) while dyspnea increased the score by 7.48 times (95% CI 4.70– 10.25; p< 0.001).Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the association between Bakhour use and respiratory health in the Jazan region. The findings emphasize the need for further research and public health interventions to mitigate potential respiratory risks associated with Bakhour use.Keywords: bakhour, respiratory health, cough, dyspnea, allergic rhinitis, household air pollution, environmental health

Higher education’s independent curriculum and mainstreaming are studied using mixed techniques. This qualitative and quantitative study examines how social mainstreaming in curriculum construction affects educational outcomes and social involvement. Focus groups and in-depth interviews with curriculum developers, educators, and students comprised qualitative research. Understanding social mainstreaming perspectives, experiences, and curriculum design was the goal. Using survey and institu-tional data, we measured independent curricular social mainstreaming frequency and impacts. Social mainstreaming promotes inclusive, equitable, and socially conscious learning. Integration improves student progress and societal responsibility. Research demonstrates variable social mainstreaming effects in independent curricular development, requiring a focused approach. Resource restrictions, change unwillingness, and mainstreaming ignorance complicate implementation. Higher education institutions, policymakers, and educators seeking socially meaningful and effective programs are affected by this study. The recommendations to promote higher education social mainstreaming showed that curriculum influences students' social attitudes, promoting social transformation.

The development of the sea highway through the Makassar New Port project is a threat to the management of the Untia Fishermen's Village tourism area, Makassar City. So far, the potential of mangroves in Untia Fishermen Village has become a tourist attraction. The resilience of coastal communities is needed to deal with changes in the coastline caused by Makassar New Port. This research aims to discover the socio-cultural potential in the Untia Fishermen Village so that it can be developed into a creative economic business to adapt to changes in the environment around the area. The research was conducted qualitatively by interviewing and observing four informants who have played a role in the governance of Untia Fishermen Village. Data analysis was performed using SWOT. The results showed that the strengths in the study location are social capital in the form of creativity, compliance with rules, and awareness of managing plastic waste. In comparison, the existing obstacle is the inability to use digital marketing, which still needs to be improved. Collaboration of all parties is required through community empowerment activities and establishing strategic government programs for fishing communities threatened with losing their livelihoods as fishermen.

Maritime tourism is synonymous with natural beauty, but its culinary riches are often overlooked, even though local cuisine can be a significant tourist attraction, such as at Mampie Beach, whose potential is hidden and neglected amidst the post-COVID-19 crisis. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using interviews, documentation and observation, then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The research results show much culinary potential, mainly traditional foods such as Baye/Golla Kambu, Kasippi, Coklat Macoa, and Co'ri. as products that can be marketed or sold in the Mampie Beach marine tourism area. However, the lack of awareness and initiative of the community, tourism managers, and local government means that the culinary potential of these traditional foods cannot support the marine tourism of Mampie Beach, so it cannot impact tourism recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, several strategies need to be implemented involving the community, tourism managers and local government to optimize the existing culinary potential: First, holding regular thematic culinary events, where local traders can promote and sell their traditional dishes; Second, establishing partnerships with local businesses such as restaurants, food stalls and local food producers to introduce and serve regional specialties at tourist attractions, and Third, carry out culinary tours and cooking courses, where tourists can learn about local culinary culture while enjoying authentic dishes served by local people

The study is situated in the Kokoe Region of Central Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, specifically in the southern part of Kabaena Island. Its primary objective is to assess the potential of nickel laterite in the designated area. The research methodology involved microscopic analysis of bedrock using a polarizing microscope, examining the drilling data, including logging descriptions, and utilizing XRF geochemical analysis (Ni, Fe, Al2O3, Co, Mg, and SiO2) from 32 drilling sites. Both elementary grade and laterite profiles were visualized using Strater 5 software to simplify the representation of laterite profiles. Petrographic analysis divided the bedrock into two lithological units: serpentinized lherzolite and serpentinite. The laterite profiles in the study area were classified into four types: type A, type B, type C, and type D. Type A profiles consist of bedrock, saprolite, and limonite layers covered by clay and colluvium. Type B profiles lack limonite and instead exhibit saprolitic rock and rocky saprolite layers on top of the bedrock. Type C profiles comprise bedrock, saprolitic rock, rocky saprolite, limonite, and topsoil layers. Type D profiles contain three zones, namely bedrock, colluvium, and clay, but lack limonite and saprolite layers. Among the four profile types, type A and type C profiles show promising potential due to higher average grades of Ni and thicker saprolite zones compared to the type B and type D profiles.

This study analyses Compound Fins (CFs) in turbulent airflows using numerical and experimental methods. CFs combine Novel Plate Fin Heatsinks (NPFHSs) [1] and Slotted fins (S8 and S9) [2] and are compared to plain plate fins. Numerical modelling of turbulent airflow is conducted using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and ANSYS is used for the analysis. The CFs are manufactured using selective laser melting and validated experimentally. CF variations are categorized as CF18, CF19, CF28 and CF29 as described in Table 1. CFs outperform plain fins, with CF18, CF19, CF28, and CF29 showing higher Nu numbers by 52.7%, 51.2%, 44.8%, and 47.9%, respectively. CF18 and CF19 have 22.9% and 21.7% higher heat transfer coefficients than NPFHS1, respectively. CF28 and CF29 have 19.1% and 22.4% higher heat transfer coefficients than NPFHS2, respectively. CF18 and CF19 have higher air pressure drops than plain fins, while CF28 and CF29 have lesser pressure loss. The study concludes that CFs perform better than plain fins and are lighter. The methodology ensures the accuracy and reliability of the findings, making the study a valuable contribution to electronic cooling.

The Master Surgery Scheduling Problem (MSSP) can be described as a timetabling problem involving assigning surgery groups to operating theatre (OT) time slots. Previous MSSP optimization models considered throughput, waiting measures, resource utilization, costs, and schedule assignment objectives, but have overlooked consecutive days assignment preferences and surgical equipment-sharing limitations. Furthermore, previous works utilize greedy constructive heuristics to produce solutions, which increases quality but decreases feasibility. Our prior study demonstrated that the saturation degree heuristic enhances feasibility by considering assignment difficulty during event selection. However, its impact on solution quality remained unexplored. Therefore, this study proposes an improved saturation degree-based constructive heuristic that integrates objective function value for event selection to increase both quality and feasibility. The algorithm sorts surgery groups by unit scores, prioritizing higher assignment difficulty and objective value. The highest-scoring group is assigned to its feasible slot with the highest slot score. If no feasible slots exist, the repair mechanism vacates the slot with the highest swap score, which prioritizes lower assignment difficulty and objective value. A new mathematical model is also formulated, incorporating novel objectives regarding consecutive days assignment preference and surgical equipment-sharing limitations. Using real-world data from Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, the proposed algorithm is evaluated considering repair mechanism usage for feasibility and objective function value for quality. The algorithm is benchmarked against greedy, random, regret-based, and saturation degree-based constructive heuristics. Our algorithm achieved a 14.63% improvement in feasibility compared to the original variant. Its objective function value is over two times better than the closest competitor and 2.6 times superior to the original variant. Comparison with the hospital’s actual plan demonstrates competitive objective function value and a more balanced waiting time distribution among surgical groups. Our study showcases that a saturation degree-based constructive heuristic considering objective function value has increased solution quality while maintaining feasibility.

The craft industry in Kendari City needs to improve business performance. This research examines: creative industry marketing strategies in Kendari City. The population in this research is all business actors in the creative industry sector in Kendari City. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire distributed via Google Form and distributed directly to the business domiciles of creative industry entrepreneurs. Apart from that, interviews were also conducted with business actors. The collected data was then analyzed using SWOT analysis. The results of the analysis show that there is still a need to improve business actors in the fields of marketing strategy, institutions and institutional cooperation.

This experiment aimed to investigate the impact of varying fiber lengths on the flexural strength of coconut fiber composites with epoxy resin. Coconut fiber composite panels were produced using rectangular molds. The effects of various fiber sizes, especially 2, 4, and 6 mm, respectively, were compared with fiberless and continuous fiber polymer composites on the flexural strength of Natural Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites (NFPC). The lowest flexural strength is 10.04 MPa, was obtained for the NFPC sample with a fiber length of 2 mm, while the highest flexural strength value was 10.70 MPa with a fiber length of 6 mm. Generally, flexural strength is influenced by variations in fiber size but not significantly. The flexural modulus and flexural strength values exhibit the same trend. Fiber pullouts are visible on the fracture surface of the sample, and voids in the form of trapped gas are also apparent on the sample surface. Short fiber size is one of the causes of fiber pullout, which can reduce the flexural strength of short fiber polymers.

Over the past ten years, flooding has been the most frequent problem in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. As the capital of South Sumatra Province, Palembang City faces similar problems, where Lambidaro Watershed is the watershed with the highest 25-year potential flood discharge in Palembang City. One of the causes of flooding is the lack of river channel capacity related to land erosion in the watershed. This study aims to learn the prediction of sediment volume and efforts to reduce it in the Lambidaro watershed, Palembang City. This study uses two types of modeling, namely numerical models and empirical models. The numerical model uses the HEC-RAS 6.3.1 application, while the empirical model uses the USLE and SDR equations. The input parameters of the numerical model use some data derived from field measurements. The sediment concentration and observation discharge parameters were measured three times in September 2022. The grain size distribution parameters were sampled at three locations each once in August 2022, and the cohesive parameter was sampled at one location twice in August 2022. The result of the prediction of sediment volume by the numerical model is 1,421.86 m3/year. In contrast, the result of the prediction by the empirical model is 476,941.25 m3/year. Efforts to reduce the prediction of sediment volume USLE method are in the form of applying the intercropping method. The results of the conservation study show that the efforts made can reduce the volume of sediment by 17%.

The availability of tourist maps so far has experienced limitations in presenting attribute data in the form of non-spatial characteristics. Tourism is called quality if it can convey the information the community needs. Among them are location attributes, land use, natural and cultural phenomena history, and interrelationships between spaces. Geographical and cultural features are essential to be used in realizing quality tourism through the availability of information on tourism space areas, such as visualization of landscapes and depth of local cultural knowledge. This study used a qualitative method with data collection techniques carried out through interviews, focus group discussions, landscape documentation, surveys, and observations to determine the geographical position of spatial elements. The results of the study produced Itinerary Maps and geosite distribution, including the Saddang River, Buntu Lindo Batu, Lo'ko Malillin, Buntu Lingkobo, Mount Benteng Alla’, Buntu Karua, and Kalosi Arabica Coffee Cultivation. The row of geosites has a chronology and chronology of formation and is related to the social culture of the people in the Fort Alla’ area. The findings from this study are expected to provide exposure to the public, tourists, and the government to preserve natural and cultural heritage to become a reference in implementing sustainable tourism development in Enrekang Regency. It is necessary to develop a digital-based information system that presents spatial attribute data and ethnographic records that can be accessed online. Keyword: Tourism Geography, Ethnography, Benteng Alla’, GIS

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) belongs to the Gram-positive cocci. This bacterium typically colonizes the nasopharyngeal region of healthy individuals. It has a distinct polysaccharide capsule – a virulence factor allowing the bacteria to elude the immune defense mechanisms. Consequently, it might trigger aggressive conditions like septicemia and meningitis in immunocompromised or older individuals. Moreover, children below five years of age are at risk of morbidity and mortality. Studies have found 101 S. pneumoniae capsular serotypes, of which several correlate with clinical and carriage isolates with distinct disease aggressiveness. Introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) targets the most common disease-associated serotypes.

Clinical nurses ought to exercise their clinical authority in accordance with the provisions outlined in the Clinical Assignment Letter and Details of Clinical Authority, as well as complete the credentialing process. However, this implementation has not been fully utilized or communicated to staff at Hospital. The aim of this research is to identify the mechanism for implementing clinical authority for PK I-III nurses upon receiving SPK in the inpatient room at Hospital X Jakarta. The research design utilizes the qualitative approach of hermeneutic phenomenology, and data collection is carried out through in-depth interviews. A total of 17 participants are involved, including 14 clinical nurses (PK I: 6, PK II: 6, PK III: 2), as well as 3 managerial nurses (2 heads of inpatient units and 1 inpatient coordinator). The thematic data analysis follows the Colaizzi method, and 3 themes emerge from the research findings: the application of clinical authority for PK I-III nurses, the availability of management elements in the application of clinical authority for PK I-III, and the lack of optimal management functions in the application of PK. The application of clinical authority in this research encompasses independent and collaborative actions, and it is essential to strengthen regulations, resocialize, and implement an electronic system to facilitate processes. To ensure that nurses work according to their qualification level, hospitals should reinforce regulations and supervision, provide support and commitment, and resocialize SPO, SPK, and RKK.

This article aims to reveal the purification or modernization performed by Muhammadiyah in Sufism, especially concerning the practical mysticism in sufi order and philosophical mysticism on the concepts of ittihād, hulūl, and wahdat al wujūd. The research data is gathered from the official document Muhammadiyah records, such as fatwas of Muhammadiyah's Majlis Tarjih and Tajdid, Hamka's thoughts and AR Fakhruddin’s performance as former leaders of Muhammadiyah. This study uses content analysis to determine the position of Muhammadiyah's views on the early Sufi. The result showed that tajdīd performed by Muhammadiyah is called purification and it harmonious with modern life. It differs with the meaning and practices of early Sufism. Muhammadiyah's position towards tarīqa is positive as long as the understanding and practice of Islam are derived from the guidance of the Qur'an and valid Sunnah. As for the concepts of ittihād, hulūl and wahdat al-wujūd, Muhammadiyah rejects them because there is an element of equating God with humans or pantheism, which has no basis in the Qur'an and Sunnah. This rejection is in line with what has been done by early Sufism scholars such as al-Sarrāj, al-Juwairī, al-Syahrastānī, and al-Kalabāżī.

School exam is one of the benchmarks of student learning outcomes as a test that is expected to provide information on the ability of students that can be used to consider and describe the achievement of students, especially in physics subjects. This study aims to describe the suitability of fixed vs. emergent design, formative vs. summative design, experimental design, and quasi-experimental vs. natural inquiry evaluation of the implementation of school exams in physics subjects in high school. This research uses the Brinkerhoff evaluation model proposed by Robert O. Brinkerhoff. The method used in this research is quantitative, and this type of research is evaluative. The data collection technique used a questionnaire, supported by observation and documentation, and a literature study to give meaning to the research results. The results showed that overall the organization of school exams in physics subjects in high school was very good. In the fixed vs. emergent design component, a total average of 95% is obtained from the teacher's perspective and 87% from the student's perspective, which is very good. Furthermore, for the formative vs. summative design component, a total average of 94% was obtained from the teacher's perspective and 88% from the student's perspective, which was in the excellent category. Then the experimental design and quasi-experimental vs. natural inquiry obtained a total average of 96% in the teacher's perspective and 88% in the student's perspective, which is in the excellent category. Thus, the implementation of school exams in physics subjects in high school is very good, but further research needs to be carried out to analyze, maintain, and at the same time improve what is lacking in terms of organizing school exams, starting from the preparation, implementation, and closing stages.

The research objective is to evaluate the implementation of a self-evaluation program using an aimless model evaluation of physics subjects in high school. The evaluation focused on how the self-evaluation program was implemented using three stages prepared by the evaluators or researchers in this study, namely the planning stage, the implementation stage, and the final result stage. The research subjects were students of class XI, XII, and a physics teacher. The instrument used was a questionnaire containing statements regarding the implementation of self-evaluations carried out by the teacher. The research method uses a quantitative approach with an evaluative type. Data collection techniques using observation and questionnaires. The results of the research on the implementation of the self-evaluation program in physics subjects in high school obtained an average of 81% and above, this figure is included in the very good criteria, and this shows that the program has been successful, but this needs to be continued to be considered and improved to increase student interest in physics.

This research aims to examine the relationship between hydrothermal alteration and mineralization (ore mineralogy) in the study area and geological structures in the deformation mechanism. The hydrothermal alteration was determined based on petrographic analysis, and ore mineralogy which was determined based on the ore microscopic analysis. The deformation mechanism is determined by paleo stress analysis using win-tensor, and the direction of principal stress on joints/veins and faults is calculated by the right-dihedron method. Hydrothermal alteration includes silicification, argillic, propylitic, and phyllic alterations; and ore mineralogy consists of stibnite, cinnabar, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, covellite, hematite, and arsenopyrite at metamorphic rocks. The geological structure developed in the study area consists of shear fractures and Wumbubangka right Normal-slip Fault, which is accompanied by Wumbubangka right-slip lag fault and Wumbubangka reverse-slip fault formed in a simple shear mechanism. Crenulation, micro-folds, and porphyroblastic are also recognized in thin sections. The Wumbubangka right normal-slip fault, considered a syn-mineralization structure, formed the transpressional and transtensional geologic structures, forming the quartz vein parallel to and crosscutting the foliation. The correlation between surface geological structures and microstructures indicates that tectonic regimes have controlled the alteration and gold mineralization in the study area.

Kaolinitic soil is a problematic soil that causes poor carrying capacity and excessive settlement, resulting in significant damage to buildings and foundations. Therefore, soil enhancements were introduced to improve the engineering characteristics of the soil. Crushed tiles were taken from the construction area to substitute aggregate or natural sand. Hence, the purpose of the study is to investigate the lateral load capacity of the crushed tile column on the kaolin clay at various column dimensions. Reinforced kaolin clay samples were tested via several laboratory tests, including Particle Size Distribution, Atterberg limits test, Relative Density, Compaction test, Permeability test, Unconfined Compression Test, and Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Test with encapsulated crushed tile with geotextile encasement. The authors investigated the effects of column diameter, height, area replacement ratio, height penetration ratio, height to column diameter ratio, volume replacement ratio, and confining pressures on the shear strength of the encapsulated crushed tile columns at a diameter of 6 mm and 8 mm and at a height of 25.33 mm, 38 mm, and 76 mm. The findings showed that using crushed tile columns at various above listed parameters can enhance the soil's shear strength up to 52.00 % at the optimal utilization of a single enveloped crushed tile column with a diameter of 6 mm and height of 76 mm. The crushed tile granular column is practical to be implemented to enhance the strength of the problematic soil. However, the limitation of utilizing this approach is that the crushed tile granular column may not be suitable for deeper soil layers. Hence, the study demonstrated the significant enhancement of the lateral load capacity of soft kaolin clay soil by utilizing crushed tile waste as a granular column.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan melihat aktivitas siswa saat kegiatan asesmen dan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran daring pada materi gejala pemanasan global di kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Kabila, SMA Negeri 1 Tapa, dan SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 314 siswa kelas XI IPA. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan tes hasil belajar. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis secara deskriptif dan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa aktivitas siswa dalam kegiatan asesmen pada pembelajaran daring materi gejala pemanasan global di kelas XI IPA, berdasarkan indikator persiapan dan pelaksanaan dapat dilihat mendapapatkan nilai presentase sebesar 71.06% dengan kriteria cukup baik dan indikator pelaksanaan diperoleh presentase sebesar 67.42% dengan kriteria cukup baik. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa rata-rata peserta didik di 3 sekolah setuju dengan pentingnya kesiapan diri sebelum dan saat kegiatan asesmen dilakukan. Hasil belajar siswa di ketiga sekolah rata-rata berada diatas nilai KKM (75). Untuk nilai rata-rata hasil belajar di SMA Negeri 1 Kabila 77.30, SMA Negeri 1 Tapa 79, dan SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa 76.08. Kata kunci: aktivitas asesmen; pembelajaran daring; hasil belajar. ABSTRACT This study aims to find out and see the student activities when assessment activities and student learning outcomes in online learning on global warming symptom material in class XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Kabila, SMA Negeri 1 Tapa, and SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The research subjects were 314 students of class XI science. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the assessment activity in online learning material on global warming symptoms in class XI IPA, based on the preparation and implementation indicators, can be seen to get a percentage value of 71.06% with good enough criteria and implementation indicators get a percentage of 67.42% with good enough criteria. This shows that the average student in 3 schools agrees with the importance of self- preparation before and during assessment activities. The average student learning outcomes in the three schools are above the KKM score (75). For the average value of learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila 77.30, SMA Negeri 1 Tapa 79, and SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa 76.08. Keywords: assessment activity; online learning; learning outcomes.

One of the hardest processes encountered by petroleum refining is sulfur elimination from fuel oil. There are many traditional methods executed but they caused drawbacks such as poor selectivity of sulfur compounds and toxic raw materials. Extractive oxidative desulfurization (EODS) caught the interest of researchers due to high selectivity of sulfur compounds and great desulfurization. Currently, researchers are investigating the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as green extractant, unfortunately they are expensive. This research is proposing and comparing the use of cheap biodegradable solvents called deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as extractants in removing sulfur from fuel oil. The DESs are synthesized through a combination of choline chloride - orcinol and choline chloride - ethylene glycol, and their structure is confirmed through FTIR. Their thermal properties are characterized by DSC and TGA. Their desulfurization performance is evaluated by type of DESs, different ratios of DES and model oil, different ratios of oxidant and sulfone and various temperatures which these factors are found to influence the result. The optimum conditions are found to be at 1:1 for DES and model oil ratio, 4 for O/S ratio and temperature at 85 °C with the extraction efficiency of 99.98%. In conclusion, this DES has high potential to be the cheap green alternative to the conventional extractant for extractive oxidative desulfurization process.

The purpose of this research is to describe the strategy of culinary business adaptation and integration of culinary business adaptation into the teaching materials of hospitality business study programs in the city of Pare-Pare during the covid-19 pandemic. This research uses a qualitative approach of this type of case study, Researchers sought to uncover the reality of the meaning that occurred in the field about the form of culinary business adaptation in the city of Pare-Pare during the covid-19 pandemic as material for medical business courses (BHO). In this case, the researcher conducts interviews, observations and documentation to get information about the main theme of studies. The analysis of the data is carried out circularly, starting from the presentation of data, reduction of data and conclusions. The results of his research are: 1) Social commitment characterized by new activities and ways of life that refer to "happy business, happy worker, happy customer"; 2) Innovation of business digitization one of them is switching to non-cash transactions, making online sales, the emergence of creativity and innovation in the use of technology to raise the value of kuline products 3) The development of culinary business in the city of Pare-pare can be used as one of the references for the source of hospitality business teaching materials. This research also provides a recommendation in writing a teaching book about the management of culinary businesses in the city of Pare-Pare as a guideline for the development of creative economy-based businesses in optimizing business potential in the New Normal Period.

Background Hepatitis B is a viral infection that has a high prevalence in Indonesia. The Ministry of Health of Indonesia has conducted a national vaccination program for hepatitis B. In order to evaluate the success of the hepatitis B vaccination in Indonesia, a community study based on basic health research (Riskesdas) was performed nationwide since 2007 for five year period in 2007, 2013, and 2018. Methods Further statistical analysis was performed specifically for the children under 59 months old (toddlers) immunized in both urban and rural areas in 2007, 2013, and 2018 based on certain characteristics by examining antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs), IgG antibodies against the core antigen (HBcAb), surface antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The data obtained from the data management laboratory of Ministry of Health, Indonesia, was analyzed with Bivariate analysis with continuity correction chi-square or Pearson chi-square using Stata software version 16. Results This study showed an increase in hepatitis B coverage of complete immunization (30% in 2007, 60.3% in 2013, and 57% in 2018), which was also influenced by mothers’ level of education (Pearson chi-square , p ¡ 0.05) and access to health service points within 30 minutes (OR = 1.3–2.8, p ¡ 0.05). The trend of the percentage of immune status (anti-HBs) was increased (41.8% in 2007; 56.1% in 2013; and 79.1% in 2018). The higher anti-HBs was found in complete hepatitis B immunization status (OR = 1.5–2, p ¡ 0.05) and in good nutritional status (p ¡ 0.05). However, the anti-HBs was found decreased with increasing age (p ¡ 0.05). The trend of positive HBcAb (exposure to HBV infection) showed a decrease gradually of almost ten times from 2007 (8.6%-13.5%) compared to 2013 (2.6%-11.1%) and 2018 (1.1%-2%). Urban areas were at higher risk of hepatitis B exposure (OR = 1.4–2.2) than rural areas (OR = 0.37–0.80). The HBsAg data were only available in 2013 and 2018. Riskesdas data analysis showed the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBsAg) was lower in complete immunization status than that in incomplete one (p ¡ 0.05), but with an increase from 3.9% (2013) to 9.3% (2018), possibly due to inappropriate implementation of birth dose immunization or a vaccine-escape mutant from the HBV variants. Conclusions The effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine obtained from the three Riskesdas periods in Indonesia showed an improvement, with an increase in immune status, reduced exposure to HBV and a lower prevalence of hepatitis B in children with complete vaccination. However, there is still an increase in hepatitis B infection, especially in urban areas. Therefore, a long-term evaluation of immunization coverage especially ensuring that the initial dose of immunization was given within the first 24 h of birth, HBsAg and HBcAb, nutritional status, genomic surveillance of HBV, and other aspects of program quality evaluation are needed to ensure that elimination efforts have been implemented properly.

The use of machine learning (ML) and data mining algorithms in the diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) has recently received a lot of attention. The majority of these efforts, however, still require improvement since either they were not statistically evaluated or they were evaluated using insufficient assessment metrics, or both. One of the most recent and effective ML algorithms, fast learning network (FLN), may be seen as a reputable and efficient approach for classifying data; however, it has not been applied to the problem of BC diagnosis. Therefore, this study proposes the FLN algorithm in order to improve the accuracy of the BC diagnosis. The FLN algorithm has the capability to a) eliminate overfitting, b) solve the issues of both binary and multiclass classification, and c) perform like a kernel-based support vector machine with a structure of the neural network. In this study, two BC databases (Wisconsin Breast Cancer Database (WBCD) and Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC)) were used to assess the performance of the FLN algorithm. The results of the experiment demonstrated the great performance of the suggested FLN method, which achieved an average of accuracy 98.37%, precision 95.94%, recall 99.40%, F-measure 97.64%, G-mean 97.65%, MCC 96.44%, and specificity 97.85% using the WBCD, as well as achieved an average of accuracy 96.88%, precision 94.84%, recall 96.81%, F-measure 95.80%, G-mean 95.81%, MCC 93.35%, and specificity 96.96% using the WDBC database. This suggests that the FLN algorithm is a reliable classifier for diagnosing BC and may be useful for resolving other application-related problems in the healthcare sector.

The free-piston linear generator (FPLG) with a dual-piston air-driven system is a novel type of energy conversion device that converts mechanical energy into electric power through a linear generator. This paper investigates a novel FPLG utilising different generator stator core configurations (GA, GB, GC, GD, and GD) with an optimised valve opening control and the inlet pressure of 5 bar and 8 bar. The effect of generator configuration on the translator motion characteristics, root mean square (RMS) power output, as well as the system stability and the conversion efficiency, are duly discussed. The results show that the piston motion is affected by the generator configuration and the inlet pressure. The maximum RMS power achieved is 203.9 W when GB is used, whereas the maximum operating frequency of 13.8 Hz and a peak power output of 396 W are achieved when GD is used. The FPLG stability within the range for all generator configurations except for GA when the inlet pressure is 5 bar. The FPLG system conversion efficiency (thermal to work and work to electrical) is duly discussed.

The purpose of this study was to map the distribution of tourist attractions in the agro-tourism area of Bulo Village, Bulo District, Polewali Mandar Regency. After careful scrutiny, it turns out that Bulo Agrotourism has entered as a leading tourist attraction in Polewali Mandar Regency. The research was conducted through a field survey using Garmin GPS to determine the location of tourist objects and area boundaries, data processing was carried out using ArcGIS 10.8. The data processing produces attribute data in the form of spatial and coordinate data, so that 6 (six) objects can be mapped including Anugerah Bulo Hill, Tapenangi Durian Garden, Bulo Botanical Garden, Lemo Nipi Hill, Uhai Sibali Peak and Senayan Hill. Meanwhile, based on the 3 (three) components of tourism which include Attractions, Accessibility and tourist activities that really need to be addressed are the accessibility components, including transportation service facilities so that tourists can visit agro-tourism at any time and feel comfortable and safe, because the road conditions to the location are still in pioneering, so that the policy makers should immediately fix the road facilities to each tourist attraction..

Information retrieval is a difficult process due to the overabundance of information on the web. Nowadays, search result responds to user queries with too many results although only a few are relevant. Therefore, the existing clustering methods that fail in clustering snippets (short texts) of web documents due to the low frequencies of document terms should be deeply investigated. One of the approaches that can be used to solve this problem is the expansion of document terms with semantically similar terms. Hence, a list of terms with their closest and accurate semantically similar words (word representation) must be built. This study aims to design and develop a new framework to enhance the performance of web search result clustering (WSRC). The research also presents a new unsupervised distributed word representation scheme where each word is represented by a vector of its semantically related words; such as scheme expands snippets and user queries. The proposed framework consists of several activities, such as (1) various standard datasets (Open Directory Project [ODP]-239 and MORESQUE) that are used for evaluating search result clustering algorithms for most cited dataset works, (2) text pre-processing, (3) document representation based on a new wiki-based k-nearest neighbors (KNN) representation method, (4) effect of the proposed model on the performance of traditional clustering methods (k-means, k-medoids, single-linkage, and complete-linkage) for WSRC, and (5) evaluation stage of the proposed method. Results indicate that enhanced clustering methods, according to the new wiki-KNN based representation method in comparison with the baseline methods, show a significant improvement in WSRC. Furthermore, the new data representation scheme has enhanced the overall performance of clustering methods.

Deep learning models have shown great promise in diagnosing skeletal fractures from X-ray images. However, challenges remain that hinder progress in this field. Firstly, a lack of clear definitions for recognition, classification, detection, and localization tasks hampers the consistent development and comparison of methodologies. The existing reviews often lack technical depth or have limited scope. Additionally, the absence of explainable facilities undermines the clinical application and expert confidence in results. To address these issues, this comprehensive review analyzes and evaluates 40 out of 337 recent papers identified in prestigious databases, including WOS, Scopus, and EI. The objectives of this review are threefold. Firstly, precise definitions are established for the bone fracture recognition, classification, detection, and localization tasks within deep learning. Secondly, each study is summarized based on key aspects such as the bones involved, research objectives, dataset sizes, methods employed, results obtained, and concluding remarks. This process distills the diverse approaches into a generalized processing framework or workflow. Moreover, this review identifies the crucial areas for future research in deep learning models for bone fracture diagnosis. These include enhancing the network interpretability, integrating multimodal clinical information, providing therapeutic schedule recommendations, and developing advanced visualization methods for clinical application. By addressing these challenges, deep learning models can be made more intelligent and specialized in this domain. In conclusion, this review fills the gap in precise task definitions within deep learning for bone fracture diagnosis and provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent research. The findings serve as a foundation for future advancements, enabling improved interpretability, multimodal integration, clinical decision support, and advanced visualization techniques.

In this paper, an experimental test rig has been developed by utilising the free-piston linear generator (FPLG) principle of a dual-piston air-driven system. The mechanical energy of the FPLG is converted into electric power through a linear generator. The piston motion, root mean square (RMS) power output, operating frequency, system stability and the conversion efficiency of the FPLG at various inlet pressure and valve opening duration (VOD) are duly discussed in the paper. It is noticed that the piston displacement (stroke) is associated with the VOD and inlet pressure, which have the greatest effect on the FPLG motion characteristics. A long VOD leads to a high piston speed, causing high peak power output. However, the RMS power shows an approximately linear decline with the increase in VOD due to the free-piston dwelling for a certain time at the dead centre position before the exhaust process starts. The FPLG can be achieved a maximum RMS power of 120 W when the inlet pressure is 8 bar and VOD is 30 ms. When the inlet pressure changed from 8 bar to 5 bar, the FPLG operating frequency shows a similar trend and values because it is associated with the piston velocity and stroke. The FPLG Cycle-to-Cycle variation (COV) is low when the inlet pressure is high, and the system stability increases with decreases in VOD. As the VOD increases, the indicated efficiency and work to electrical efficiency increase, whereas the thermal to work efficiency decreases. The maximum indicated efficiency, work to electrical efficiency and thermal to work efficiency achieved are 59.9%, 14.7% and 14.6 %, respectively.

The Master Surgery Scheduling Problem (MSSP) allocates operating theatre time to surgery groups such as medical specialities or surgeons, which is essential for daily operational planners. Many researchers have highlighted issues in the optimization of surgical scheduling problems. However, most recent reviews limited the issues at the operational level and excluded the problem characteristics such as surgery group type and schedule cyclicity. This study aims to review the state-of-the-art of MSSP and identify new trends in optimization strategies (problem characteristics and objective function), uncertainty scheduling factors (types and approaches), and solution and evaluation methods. These aspects are the key components in developing an effective MSSP optimization model. This paper reviews articles published between 2000 and 2021 that addressed the MSSP, concentrating on papers between 2016 and 2021. We underlined the popularity of medical specialities as the surgery group, one-week horizon length, a cyclic schedule, multi-objective optimization and evaluation by benchmarking. The analysis shows that surgery duration is the most prominent uncertainty type, whereas strategies for handling this are stochastic programming, robust optimization, and fuzzy programming. We highlighted the role of heuristic approaches in addressing the MSSP’s computational complexity. This review’s trends, challenges, and potential solutions are essential for future researchers in developing optimization models for MSSP.

This study aims to discover and see how power points and videos are used during online learning as well as its effects on student learning outcomes in online learning on light wave material in class XI Science SMA Negeri 1 Bongomeme, SMA Negeri 1 Dungaliyo and SMA Negeri 1 Tibawa. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The research subjects were 283 students of class XI science. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires and learning outcome tests. The data analysis technique used were descriptive and quantitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that, based on their respective indicators, the use of power points and films/videos in online learning obtain a percentage value of 80.25% and 79.97% respectively, both of which are included within the criteria of strong. On average, the student learning outcomes in three schools are above minimum require score (KKM) of 75. Here, the average value of student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Bongomeme 77.52, SMA Negeri 1 Dungaliyo 79.18, SMA Negeri 1 Tibawa is 80.91.

This study examines the tendency in schools of theology of the Tafsir by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, especially in anthropomorphism, khalq al-Qur`an and ru`yatullah. This study is a library research, and the primary data is the Tafsir by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia that was published in 1996. Meanwhile, the secondary data is the works of the rational school of theology (Mu’tazila and Māturīdī Samarkand) and the traditional school of theology (Ashʿarī and Māturīdī Bukhara). After studying the sources above, it was found a number of verses of the Qur’an were used as naqli views by rational and traditional scholars, and then they explained their interpretation according to this Tafsir. Furthermore, a comparative interpretation analysis is carried out by applying the interpretation of the rational and traditional schools of theology to draw a conclusion about the school of theology in this Tafsir. The finding shows that the interpretation of anthropomorphic verses in this Tafsir is in line with Ashʿarīyah and Māturīdīyah Samarkand Beliefs. Hence, the Al-Qur’an is qadim (ancient or old), and God can be seen with the eyes of the believer in the hereafter.

In this study, a new optimization approach is introduced to reduce vibration exerted on a double crank-rocker mechanism. A dynamic analysis based on planar methods of this mechanism is suggested, and formulation of shaking forces and shaking moments inducing vibration on this system is presented. A two-step optimization technique is suggested to study system sensitivity to the components of shaking forces and moments to enhance the mechanismâs balancing process. This leads to identification of the most dominant parameters which are then used to formulate the objective functions of effective optimization. Each objective function is studied for each individual case, after which the outcome results of the mechanismâs balancing optimization are introduced and discussed.

To determine how much the exercise program success rate, a valid and reliable test tool is needed. In this study, the researcher aims to develop a smash skill test model in badminton. The method in this study is a development research method with a sample size of 121 athletes. The steps taken in this research include (1) preliminary study (literature study and field study), (2) planning (conducting analysis), (3) initial draft design, (4) validation of the draft, (5) testing of group products minor and revisions, (6) large group trials and revisions, (7) final results. This study involved academicians and badminton practitioners with an “excellent” rating, which reached an average score of 3.66. This result research is a product of the development of a smash skill test model in badminton. This study concludes that the smash skill test’s resulting form is valid and reliable, with a validity score of 0.688 and reliability of 0.870.

In the pursuit to improve thermal and fuel efficiencies of internal combustion engines, various engine designs and configurations have been developed over recent years. Since the progress in this field keeps on increasing continuously, the geometrical aspects of combustion chamber and the engine configurations and their effects on the in-cylinder air/fuel mixing, turbulence and fuel combustion are becoming more relevant than ever. Due to this, there lies an impending need for a critical analysis of current in-cylinder flow analysis techniques available, their application on different engine types and the results acquired from the studies. Several new flow measurement technologies have emerged and for the past ten years, a critical analysis of airflow capturing methods within IC engines has not been done despite its great significance. This review presents a short yet a meaningful understanding to the analysis techniques for engine in-cylinder flows during the intake and compression of air and fuel, while bringing out significant findings from individual works, resulting in pointing out the strengths and accuracies of these techniques. In the reflection of reviewed studies, explicit analytical schemes and formulations bearing least errors compared to experimental results, are suggested.

This research study is to investigate the Human Resource Management Practices (HRM) and its impact on employee engagement and performance in an organization. There are 4 variables that impact on employee engagement and performance which are (learning culture), (work empowerment), (reward and recognition) and (supervisor support) in an organization. The main objective of this research study is to explore the understanding towards the human resource management practices. The organization should be very friendly and supportive employees to create a strong bond between the employees and supervisor develop business strategies. Employee’s engagement and performance has come up with a new method to human resource management practices to stay competitively and effectively to improve performance towards the employees. In order to investigate the relationship between HRM practices and employee engagement and performance, I was designed a questionnaire and distribute the questionnaire to 150 respondents. The questions were stated in the questionnaire are from the previous researcher was done for the similar topic. The data was calculated using the SPSS statistics and excel is to found there is a significant relationship between the independent and independents variable. Also using regression analysis to analyse the result. The findings result indicate that there is a relationship among all independent variables which are learning culture, work empowerment, rewards and recognition and supervisor support have significant impact on employee’s engagement and performance. In conclusion, analysed that HRM practices have an impact on the employee work engagement and performance. The future researcher should study that the employers need to develop proper and well established HRM policies and regulations in order to success in huge work engagement and performance level among the employees.

E-shopping is a form of electronic commerce used for business (B2B) and business (B2C) transactions. In Malaysia, it can be considered as infant and far from reaching its full potential. Millennials are the largest e-commerce buyers, with the age group consuming 54 percent of their goods online. Full time students recorded the highest smartphone users with 95.5%. Data collection was done by distributing self-designed questionnaires to 216 respondents. 95% of the questions are coming from the previous researchers done the similar topic and the raw data are being analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription. The findings revealed that the perceived benefit is the most significant factors that influence the students toward online shopping. In details, there is relationship between perceived benefit, ambassador, price offered and ease of use with the online purchasing behavior except for trust on the seller. In conclusion, e-commerce or e-shopping has become convenience and reliable option for the students to get particular needs. 90% of the respondents had experienced online shopping beforehand. The benefit from online shopping is it enable everyone to conduct the transaction with the access of the internet and mobile phone. It is recommended for future researcher to conduct physical distribution of questionnaire directly to the potential students to get more convincing audience and population. Last but not least, as a result, vendors have found a new approach to create value for customers and build relationships with them towards marketing mix strategy and obtain more customer with the advance strategy and approach.

This study aims to examine the factors that influence the motor abilities of elementary school students. The following aspects were explored: 1) The influence of social identity on students' motor abilities. 2) The influence of self-concept on students' motor abilities. 3) The influence of learning motivation on students' motor abilities. 4) The simultaneous influence of social identity, self-concept and learning motivation on students' motor abilities. In this study, a quantitative method was employed to investigate the relationship between the three aforementioned factors and motor ability among 128 elementary school students in Banda Aceh City. The data collection process involved the use of structured questionnaires which were employed to gather relevant information. Multiple regressions were used to analyse the data with the use of SPSS version 23 software. The obtained results from this study showed that both social identity and learning motivation positively and significantly influenced the motor ability of the observed students while self-concept had no discernable impact. However, when simultaneously considering these variables altogether, it was found that they did significantly influence the skills of the students. In a nutshell, the results of this study indicated that there was a positive relationship between social identity and the motor ability of the students. The implications of this research show that to improve students' motor abilities, efforts must also be made to increase social identity and learning motivation.

With the rise of neoliberal reforms and efforts to privatize education, there is a growing need to examine how actors and groups from the public and private sectors influence educational policy change together. In this article, we advance a critical approach to understanding the changing discursive space of educational politics by following discourses through an expansive policy network that goes beyond its traditional boundaries. Specifically, we draw on argumentative discourse analysis (ADA), which allows for the analysis of how and why various actors and groups come together to assign certain meanings to educational phenomena or problems, leading to policy responses or changes. Rooted in Foucault's notions of discourse and power, ADA offers a unique approach to discourse analysis that can illuminate policy change through discourse coalitions. Three case studies from educational policy scholarship are discussed to illustrate the value and utility of ADA in future critical education policy studies.

Many works have employed Machine Learning (ML) techniques in the detection of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a disease that affects the human eye. However, the accuracy of most DR detection methods still need improvement. Gray Wolf Optimization-Extreme Learning Machine (GWO-ELM) is one of the most popular ML algorithms, and can be considered as an accurate algorithm in the process of classification, but has not been used in solving DR detection. Therefore, this work aims to apply the GWO-ELM classifier and employ one of the most popular features extractions, Histogram of Oriented Gradients-Principal Component Analysis (HOG-PCA), to increase the accuracy of DR detection system. Although the HOG-PCA has been tested in many image processing domains including medical domains, it has not yet been tested in DR. The GWO-ELM can prevent overfitting, solve multi and binary classifications problems, and it performs like a kernel-based Support Vector Machine with a Neural Network structure, whilst the HOG-PCA has the ability to extract the most relevant features with low dimensionality. Therefore, the combination of the GWO-ELM classifier and HOG-PCA features might produce an effective technique for DR classification and features extraction. The proposed GWO-ELM is evaluated based on two different datasets, namely APTOS-2019 and Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRiD), in both binary and multi-class classification. The experiment results have shown an excellent performance of the proposed GWO-ELM model where it achieved an accuracy of 96.21% for multi-class and 99.47% for binary using APTOS-2019 dataset as well as 96.15% for multi-class and 99.04% for binary using IDRiD dataset. This demonstrates that the combination of the GWO-ELM and HOG-PCA is an effective classifier for detecting DR and might be applicable in solving other image data types.

This study discusses the variety of teaching materials in BOLD learning and physics learning outcomes in high schools, with the aim of knowing what materials are used in BOLD learning and finding out student learning outcomes in BOLD learning. The data analysis used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis. Descriptive research in this study describes the teaching materials used by teachers in BOLD learning, while quantitative is used to see the learning outcomes of students after using these teaching materials. Based on the results of the research, the teaching materials used in BOLD learning are in the form of electronic modules, textbooks, and PowerPoint slides. Student learning outcomes after using the teaching materials are above the predetermined KKM score. The average student learning outcomes after using online learning teaching materials in four schools are above 70, with one school having an average learning outcome of 83 with good criteria, while three other schools obtain scores of 71, 72, and 73 with sufficient criteria. So, it can be said that the variety of teaching materials used in online learning can improve student learning outcomes.

This study aims to produce a science learning device for junior high school students using a cooperative model type Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) for students with special needs that are valid and fit for use theoretically. The research method used is the development of the 4D model design through 4 stages including the defining stage, the design stage, the development stage, and the dissemination stage. The technique of collecting data through validation sheets consists of lecturers, science teachers, school principals, and students. Based on the research results, the validity of the equipment was obtained through the Aiken V index in the RPP of 0.89, LKPD of 0.88, and THB of 0.88. The three components of the device are considered very valid criteria. The reliability test of each component for RPP is 0.818, LKPD is worth. 0.857, and THB worth 0.884. The components of learning equipment are reliable with good categories based on the Interrater Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Theoretically, the learning tools developed are valid and feasible to be tested in class VIII of the Gorontalo City Learning Activity Center (SKB).

The aim of the study was to analyse the prognostic factors in postoperative prostate cancer irradiation and develop a nomogram for disease-free survival (DFS).