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This research was conducted to know the assessment instrument for SKI subjects at a state Madrasah Aliyah in Jepara; piloted HOTS-based assessment instrument, and the results of the HOTS-based assessment on SKI subjects. This type of field research is quantitative. This research is field research, namely direct observation of the object under study. Collecting data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The approach used in conducting research is empirical. The instruments used in the SKI subject are oral tests, multiple choice, and assignments. Meanwhile, the researchers used multiple choice and essay test instruments to obtain HOTS-based assessment results. Then the researcher tested the feasibility of the questions with expert validity and the validity and reliability of the items. The final total of 4 multiple choice questions and two essays obtained the result. The HOTS-based assessment was applied to SKI subjects even though all KD could not be included. The findings of this study also show the results of the HOTS-based evaluation with 23 students in the high group, 60 students in the medium group, and 13 students in the low group.

This research aimed to evaluate the viability, survivability, and release process of the encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum SU-LS36 in the simulated gastric juice (SGJ), simulated intestinal juice (SIJ), and simulated colon juice (SCJ). We tested four types of encapsulations: native taro starch (NTS), modified taro starch (MTS) by heat moisture treatment (HMT), autoclaving-cooling-2 cycles (AC-2C), and maltodextrin (commercial encapsulant). We found that L. plantarum SU-LS36 with AC-2C-modified taro starch (MTS) showed the highest viability in SGJ (6.95 log CFU/g), SIJ (7.09 log CFU/g), and SCJ (7.85 log CFU/g) after incubation up to 4 h. AC-2C MTS dissolved or released more rapidly from its encapsulant material in the colon in SCJ than in NTS, HMT MTS, and maltodextrin. The longest time release of L. plantarum SU-LS36 encapsulated in AC-2C MTS was 3 h in SIJ conditions, 2 h in SGJ, and the fastest (1 h) in SCJ. The encapsulated L. plantarum SU-LS36 was released through a dissolution process (SGJ and SCJ) and by pancreatin activity (SIJ). Conclusively, AC-2C MTS could maintain the viability of L. plantarum SU-LS36 cells to the colon at 6.04 log CFU/g and fulfilled the minimum requirement of biovalue (MBV) probiotics set forth by the US FDA (6-7 log CFU/g).

Straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) is one of the popular edible fungi in Indonesia. Previous researches showed the correlation among the type of substrate, substrate quality, and its composting process to the microbial community, yield, and biological efficiency. The aim of the research is to analyze the culturable bacteria abundance in straw mushroom cultivation medium, characterize the bacteria in several stages of mushroom cultivation and investigate the interaction between V. volvacea with its resident bacteria. Samples were taken from mushroom farmers in Subang and Karawang regencies, Indonesia. The materials for cultivation medium are the mixture of cotton and paddy straw and the pasteurization was performed at 65-70°C for 7 hours. The result shows the abundance of the bacteria in most of the cultivation stages is relatively similar i.e. 108 CFU/g, except in 15 days after inoculation (DAI), the bacterial abundance is lower i.e.6.24 x 107 CFU/g. Twenty-five isolates were obtained and Gram-positive bacteria is the dominant bacteria found in the cultivation medium, especially rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria. According to co-culture assay there are nine isolates that decrease the growth rate and clearly inhibit mycelial growth. The other 10 isolates have lower inhibitory activity, and 6 isolates have no inhibitory activity to the mycelial growth. C38 isolates have the highest mycelial growth inhibition. It belongs to rod-shaped Gram positive group of bacteria which isolated from the early stage of V. volvacea cultivation medium (5 DAI).

Endophytic microbes are sources for the novel antibiotic. We isolated endophytic bacteria from Zingiberaceae collected from West Sulawesi, Indonesia, and investigated their anticandidal activity. Molecular identification of the isolates was done using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The antimicrobial activity was tested against four bacteria and one yeast. The anticandidal compound of selected bacteria was extracted using three different solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol), and each fraction was tested for their anticandidal activity. Anticandidal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined with concentration ranging from 300 to 18.75 μg/mL, and the morphology of the Candida cells after treatment was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The identification of anticandidal compounds was conducted using GC-MS. A total of 24 isolates were collected from Zingiberaceae plants. There were 14 genera and 19 species belonging to Gammaproteobacteria (66.67%), Alphaproteobacteria (25.00%), Actinobacteria (4.17%), Bacteriodetes (4.17%), and a new record for Lelliottia aquatilis as an endophytic bacteria. One of 24 isolates identified as Pseudomonas helmanticensis isolated from Alpinia melichroa showed anticandidal activity. Ethyl acetate was the appropriate solvent to extract the anticandidal compounds. Diisooctyl phthalate was found as the most abundant compound in the extract for the anticandidal activity. An increase in extract concentration did not reduce the Candida cell number. The extract treatment showed membrane disruption of Candida albicans cells. We propose that active compounds from P. helmanticensis are potential as anticandidal sources and could be explored more for the pharmaceutical industry.

The phenomenon related to foreign workers entering the country; seems to be unstoppable anymore. On the other hand, the rapid rapidness of breakthroughs in information technology, consciously or unconsciously, has formed new social moral attitudes and knowledge for human individuals. In response to this, people often experience cultural shock. University also, as an institution that is required to be able to translate the situation almost stuttering. Some of them were forced to close and no longer operate. This study is qualitative with a phenomenological approach using the literature review method. Field data was obtained from various books and other documents. Finally, the researcher synthesizes various existing data and then makes an interpretation (analysis) so that this research produces a comprehensive and accurate result. The study results explain, Islamic universities as an entity can develop a Knowledge-Based Society. Through production activities, dissemination, and effective utilization of knowledge, of course, there will be an increase in aspects of social development, even economics. Building a Knowledge-Based Society is not a light problem, but it is necessary to implement groundbreaking policies, for example, completing the dichotomy of science, strengthening academic culture, strengthening various research institutions, preparing knowledge workers and cooperation.

Konfirmasi Mikroba Endofit Penyebab Kontaminasi pada Kultur Jaringan Kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.) Tanaman kangkung secara alami bersimbiosis dengan mikroba endofit, yang berpotensi menjadi kontaminan pada kultur jaringan kangkung karena berada di dalam jaringan dan sulit dijangkau saat proses sterilisasi eksplan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengonfirmasi mikroba endofit penyebab kontaminasi pada kultur jaringan kangkung ‘Tetraploid’ sehingga dapat menjadi informasi awal untuk metode sterilisasi yang efektif. Sebanyak 14 sampel kontaminan pada media tanam kultur jaringan kangkung diisolasi dan diidentifikasi secara molekuler berdasarkan gen 16S rDNA untuk bakteri, daerah D1/D2 dari gen LSU rRNA untuk khamir, dan daerah ITS dari gen rDNA untuk jamur. Keragaman jenis mikroba yang teridentifikasi dibandingkan dengan keragaman jenis mikroba endofit dari jaringan tanaman kangkung yang ditanam pada media kultur jaringan tidak terkontaminasi mikroba, media kultur jaringan terkontaminasi mikroba, media tanam campuran tanah steril dan tidak steril, serta kangkung yang didapatkan dari pasar. Hasil penelitian ini mengonfirmasi bahwa khamir endofit dari kelompok Ustilaginaceae (basidiomycetous yeast) yang berasal dari jaringan tanaman kangkung sama dengan jenis kontaminan yang mengontaminasi media kultur jaringan kangkung ‘Tetraploid’. Khamir dari kelompok Ustilaginaceae (basidiomycetous yeast) tersebut juga merupakan mikroba paling dominan yang mengontaminasi media tanam kultur jaringan kangkung ‘Tetraploid’. Keywords: Ipomoea aquatica, kultur jaringan, mikroba endofit, morfologi, pohon filogeni Water spinach in nature lives in symbiosis with endophytic microbes, which have the potential to become contaminants in water spinach tissue culture because they are difficult to eliminate during the explant sterilization process. This study aimed to confirm endophytic microbes that cause contamination in the tissue culture of 'Tetraploid' water spinach so that it can provide initial information for an effective sterilization method. Fourteen contaminant samples in water spinach tissue culture media were isolated and identified molecularly based on the 16S rDNA gene for bacteria, the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene sequences for yeast, and ITS region of the rDNA gene for mold. The diversity of microbial species identified was compared with the diversity of endophytic microbial types from water spinach plant tissue grown on sterile tissue culture media, microbially contaminated tissue culture media, sterile and non-sterile soil mixed planting media, and water spinach obtained from the market. The results confirmed that endophytic yeast from Ustilaginaceae group (basidiomycetous yeast) derived from water spinach plant tissue was the same type of microbe that contaminated the 'Tetraploid' water spinach tissue culture media. The results gave new information that yeast from the Ustilaginaceae (basidiomycetous yeast) group was the most dominant microbe contaminating water spinach ‘Tetraploid’ tissue culture media. This group is endophytic yeast that lives within Ipomoea aquatica tissues.

Sektor pertanian masih menjadi sektor unggulan di Indonesia. Selain tenaga kerja yang terserap cukup besar, sektor ini juga masih mampu memberikan kontribusi pendapatan yang cukup besar bagi perekonomian nasional.Akan tetapi, permasalahan yang paling mendasar dari sektor pertanian ini adalah semakin menyusutnya lahan pertanian akibat alih fungsi lahan.Lahan merupakan faktor utama dalam pengembangan pertanian.Oleh karena itu, pada tahun 2009 Pemerintah bersama-sama dengan DPR mengesahkan lahirnya Undang-Undang No.41 Tahun 2009 tentang Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B).Undang-undang ini diharapkan dapat menahan laju konversi lahan sawah khususnya sawah dengan irigasi teknis sehingga dapat menopang ketahanan pangan nasional dan Indonesia memiliki lahan pertanian abadi. Pelaksanaan LP2B di Kabupaten Cirebon dapat dikatakan belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Hal ini disebabkan berbagai kendala yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah daerah dalam melaksanakan amanat undang–undang tersebut. Aspek pengembangan, pemanfaatan, pembinaan, sampai dengan aspek sanksi belum diterapkan karena masih terfokus pada proses perencanaan dan penetapan LP2B. Perlindungan Hukum terhadap lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Cirebon masih belum berjalan maksimal, alih fungsi lahan belum mengindahkan aturan yang ada. Sanksi terhadap pelanggaran belum diterapkan secara maksimal.

Divorce cases nationally have increased in recent years; however this phenomenon cannot be generalized because each area has different background and culture. Based on the record of the Ministry Of Religious Affairs ( Kemenag ) in Wonogiri there are 10000-11000 weddings in a year on average. From those numbers around 8-9 percent is getting divorces. The efforts to resolve the divorce rate and family empowerment post-divorce still become the responsibility of their own. However, through Badan Amil Zakat Daerah ( Bazda ) the destitute family is given a sympathetic care-social assurance to build businesses and even an economic capital to help them, whether it’s a post-divorce family program or just destitute family in general. The government program does not reach on fostering harmonious ‘ sakinah’ family; all are pursued by their own, while the government program is not supported by an adequate budget for the sakinah family program. Keywords: Impact of Divorce, Family Empowerment Abstrak Kasus perceraian secara nasional dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini mengalami peningkatan, namun fenomena ini tidak bisa digeneralisir karena setiap daerah mempunyai latar belakang dan budaya yang berbeda. Berdasarkan catatan Kantor Kemeterian Agama (Kemenag) di Wonogiri dalam setahun rata-rata ada 10.000-11.000 pernikahan. Dari jumlah tersebut angka perceraiannya berkisar 8-9 persen. Upaya mengatasi tingkat perceraian, pemberdayaan keluarga pasca perceraian, sementara masih menjadi tanggung jawab sendiri-sendiri, namun melalui Badan Amil Zakat Daerah (Bazda) keluarga yang fakir miskin diberikan santunan-jaminan sosial untuk usaha, bahkan diberikan modal ekonomi untuk membantu keluarga miskin, apakah itu untuk program keluarga pasca perceraian atau hanya keluarga miskin secara umum. Program pemerintah tidak sampai menyentuh bagaimana pembinaan keluarga sakinah, semuanya diupayakan sendiri, sementara program pemerintah tidak didukung oleh anggaran yang cukup untuk mendukung program keluarga sakinah. Kata Kunci: Dampak Perceraian, Pemberdayaan Keluarga

Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pendidikan karakter di sekolah adalah dengan seni mural. Selain dapat dijadikan sebagai media belajar, mural juga memperindah tampilan kawasan di daerah desa Jogomulyan untuk meningkatkan potensi lingkungan pariwisata. Metode yang dilakukan pada pendampingan dan pelatihan pembuatan mural ini adalah dengan metode ceramah, praktik dengan bimbingan, serta evaluasiTahap-tahap yang lakukan adalah memberi materi pendahuluan, tahap persiapan pembuatan mural, tahap melukis dan tahap finishing. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan yang direncanakan, peserta antusias mengikuti kegiatan dan memberi respon yang positif. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berupa pembuatan mural ini memberi keterampilan baru bagi masyarakat sekaligus menjadi media belajar untuk siswa mengembangkan pengetahuan pendidikan karakter

The goal of this research is to verify some theory related to the determinant factors efficacy of School Based Management (SBM). This research used survey research by quantitative approach. The technique of taking sample used quota sampling counted 100 from 106 of Senior High school in all of former Pati residency. Those samples were taken by each area amounting to 400 people. The model of this research used SEM in AMOS program. Therefore the relation of full structural model is fit. The result of the sum of influence eksogen variable to endogen variable, that is teacher professionalism is 22,9%, school organization culture is 23,5%, managerial ability of headmaster is 22%, and participation of school committee is 24%. The fourth determinant variables that most contribute to the successful implementation of school-based management in senior high school in all of the former Pati residency is the school committee's participation amounted to 24%, and the lowest is the managerial ability of headmaster by 22%. This is consistent with the theory that the essence of school-based management is the management of educational institutions oriented to the needs and participation of the community in order to empower the school's independence or through the granting of authority, flexibility, and resources to improve the quality of education.

Isolasi dan identifikasi dilakukan pada jamur makro yang diperoleh dari Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh isolat murni dari jamur makro yang diperoleh dan mengetahui identitasnya. Isolat murni jamur makro diperoleh dari isolasi jaringan tubuh buah pada media PDA+ antibiotik. Identifikasi dilakukan secara morfologi dan molekuler pada isolat yang diperoleh. Sebanyak 14 isolat jamur makro anggota filum Basidiomycota dan Ascomycota telah berhasil diisolasi dari 38 spesimen jamur makro dari Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak. Namun, hanya sebanyak 8 dari 14 isolat yang dapat diidentifikasi molekuler dengan baik. Kedelapan spesimen jamur makro tersebut tergolong ke dalam 2 filum, 2 kelas, 4 marga, dan 7 suku. Sebanyak 3 isolat dapat diidentifikasi molekuler dengan baik hingga tingkat spesies yakni Xylaria schweinitzii, Agaricus flocculosipes, dan Fomitopsis feei. Kelima isolat lainnya hanya dapat diidentifikasi hingga level genus yakni Ganoderma sp., Pleurotus sp., Rigidoporus sp., Gymnopus sp., dan Agaricus sp. Isolat yang diperoleh selanjutnya dapat dilakukan penapisan untuk mendapatkan isolat yang potensial dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bioprospeksi.