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Using two recent controversies involving campus social justice protests and student news organizations, this study uses an interdisciplinary lens to examine free expression and normative journalism ethics discourse. It explores themes related to First Amendment rights and values, journalism ethics, and racial justice, asking which are evident and absent in opinion journalism focused on the cases. It examines universities' dual missions of supporting free expression and advancing the goals of diversity, equity, and inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the research methodology of the basics of information security. A special place is given to the selection of methodological research tools. This selection was made on the basis of the exclusive importance of the field of information provision in interaction with other directions of state building and national security. At the same time, we note that the raised issue has an interdisciplinary nature due to its inherent legal and structural nature: legal, economic (technological), and moral and psychological components. Under such conditions, the philosophical-dialectical method is extremely important in view of its epistemological nature, which will contribute to the derivation of the author’s conclusions and judgments, which will be characterized by consistency and continuity. The conducted analysis made it possible to reveal that the current summary in terms of understanding the role and significance of the methodological component for the results of our research is the following: from the point of view of the methodology of legal science, the paradigm of information security has a complex structure, which is formed by the elements: law enforcement methodology, the legislation of Ukraine, the systematics of legal norms, explanations of the legal norm, the procedure for implementing the provisions of the law, the legal policy of the state in the field of information security, media culture and media ethics in the application of legislation that regulates the issue of complete access of citizens to sources of information, tactical and strategic directions of activities of entities ensuring security in the use of information, the effectiveness of the application of legislation, law-enforcement examination of departmental regulations regulating relations in the field of information security. Attention is drawn to the fact that any of the listed structural elements of a complete complex of information security can serve as the object of a separate scientific study. The above studies revealed that the selected methodological tools for solving the task of our scientific intelligence will contribute to the professional research of the in-depth component processes of the implementation of measures in the areas of protection of the information space of Ukraine. The application of methodological techniques will allow us to more fully and comprehensively reveal the role of the information security institute in the development of our ideas about the system of measures to ensure the information hygiene of the Ukrainian media, public-legal and private-legal intellectual space, to identify new aspects in its structure and elemental composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars engaging in social media research involving direct observation of users draw from a range of research methods, each with their own benefits and challenges. From an ethical perspective, research that engages with direct observation of user experiences and practices on these platforms exposes the investigator to a range of content which may have been intended for a private or semi-public audience, further complicating already debated ethical positions into what is considered 'public' content. This paper presents four provocations from a digital ethnography into user agency and practices on these platforms to demonstrate how direct observation methods can be practically implemented to ensure an ethical approach to data collection. It highlights how the distribution principle of contextual integrity can be used to guide the development of collection methods where content from participant's networked connections is unavoidable, and where informed consent is unfeasible to obtain from these social media users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to the forces of globalisation and localisation, televangelism has spread across the world and become so revolutionised that there presently exist a variety of televisual genres questionably classified under it. Indeed, the explosion and tropicalisation of televangelism have given birth to a myriad of televisual cultures relatable only nominally to the original American televangelism. This diversity and complexity raise definitional, epistemological and ethical questions, three of which include: what should genuine televangelism be? How ‘televangelical’ are the versions of the concept observed in African neo-Pentecostal and charismatic movements? And how are these African versions subtle perversions or entirely hybrid televisual genres? Using secondary sources and a critical exploration of Christian televisions in Cameroon and Nigeria, this paper attempts answers to the aforementioned under-researched questions. In the first place, the paper makes a brief incursion into the history of televangelism and its importation into Africa. In the second place, it examines how specific Nigerian and Cameroonian neo-Pentecostal movements have sought to revolutionise this televisual genre. In the last instance, the paper shows how specific Cameroonian and Nigerian church leaders’ apparent perversion of the concept has given birth to tele-exorcism which, besides being confused with televangelism, is questionable in a media ethics sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Aim Method Results Conclusions Dental regulators and educational institutions are increasingly concerned about the influence of digital platforms used by the profession for social, business, digital interaction with the public/patients and its impact on the professionalism in practice now and going forward. However, academic knowledge and research within dentistry are relevant to e‐professionalism at a level of engagement and approach in delivering guidance to students through the current dental curriculum. The question therefore asked was what breadth of academic material, research, debate and discourse is available to inform our understanding, guidance and teaching on this ever‐evolving topic.To map how e‐professionalism has developed in academic dental literature as a topic within the study of professionalism in practice.A rapid scoping review was conducted to identify published research that describes and tests the topic of professionalism from 2016 to 2023. Studies were synthesised narratively using thematic analysis to inform the understanding of what has been already researched in the field.Thirteen articles were included in the review. After undertaking a thematic analysis, five themes were constructed. These included: curriculum, opportunities and safe professional use, reflections, personal and professional identity issues, and students as co‐creators.Within dental research there is consensus that e‐professionalism could present a tangible threat to the identity of dental professionals their clinical practice and interaction with patients/public however, less is known about what educational strategies are most effective when teaching e‐professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the 20th century, most of the world's countries and international journalistic organizations adopted codes of journalistic ethics with general principles governing the profession. In the 21st century, a significant number of proposals have emerged offering new ethics recommendations relating to the treatment of issues such as gender violence, disability, the environment and climate change, among other matters. The aim of this research is to confirm that we are faced with a second generation of ethics codes or guidelines for social communication. This study, based on the content analysis of 53 guides published in Spain on the three subject areas mentioned, shows the emergence of these codes from 1999 onwards, the existence of common features in relation to their endorsement, their structure, their dissemination and monitoring, and the widespread participation of individuals, experts and groups not professionally related to the field of communication in their promotion or implementation, which is evidence of what we call the social self-regulation of communication and represents the main novelty in this new stage of communication ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the escalating censorship of media content in India under the right-wing government, highlighting the curtailment of freedom of expression and creativity. The conversation between Monika Mehta and Darshana Sreedhar Mini explores the historical context and impact of censorship in Indian cinema, focusing on issues related to religion, morality, and the representation of female sexuality. The article also delves into recent controversies surrounding censorship, including the challenges faced by filmmakers in navigating state censorship and pressures to produce content that aligns with societal norms and political ideologies. [Extracted from the article]

The rapid progress of artificial intelligence (AI) has resulted in its integration into various stages of the media process, including information gathering, processing, and distribution. This integration has raised the possibility of AI dominating the media industry, leading to an era of "autonomous driving" within AI-driven media systems. Similar to the ethical dilemma known as the "trolley problem" (TP) in autonomous driving, a comparable problem arises in AI automated media. This study examines the emergence of the new TP in fully automated AI-driven media (FAAIM), recognizing the complexity of this problem given the nature of media content and its societal impact. To address this complexity, we propose the adoption of the theory of "meaningful human control," originally developed to address responsibility in the governance of lethal autonomous weapons systems, as a framework for governing FAAIM. By ensuring that humans can be held responsible for the operations of FAAIM, this paper aims to proactively confront the ethical challenges arising from FAAIM, identify potential solutions, and guide future research in media ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article states that the communicational world consists of four types of entities: 1) those that can suffer but cannot be held responsible for their communicative behavior (e.g. babies and some animals), 2) those that can suffer and can be held responsible for their communicative actions (journalists, teachers, entertainers), 3) those entities that cannot suffer but can be held responsible for their communicative behavior (media organizations, communication technologies, journalism as an institution), and 4) those entities that need to be acted on to minimize the suffering of others (climate, journalism, and potentially all entities). This "theory of moral-communicational status" explains what underlies the needs and obligations of all entities. In particular, it implies that animals should be better taken into account in communication and media ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to find out how to frame the news issue "Luhut Reported To The South Sulawesi Police Regarding Big Data Postponement Of Elections" in CNNIndonesia.com? This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. Descriptive research aims to provide an overview and description of the observed phenomenon, in this case an analysis of press ethics on news issues. Descriptive research will focus on systematic data collection and analysis, so that it can provide detailed information about the characteristics, behaviors, or other aspects of the phenomenon being studied. As a result, CNN Indonesia should verify any claims that arise as an issue and ensure that the information presented is accurate and not misleading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Client case study publications are a helpful way to disseminate innovative practices and clinical counseling interventions. Case study submissions are increasing both in peer-reviewed journals and practice publications. Likewise, marriage, couple, and family counselors and therapists are sharing case study examples via social media. We examine relevant ethical guidelines and describe alternatives to using real client data. We offer an example of client consent forms for professional presentation or publication of case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can we separate art from the artist who created it? This essay discusses the debate over art created by morally problematic men, especially those revealed through the lens of #MeToo activism as sexual abusers. From a historical perspective, how should we regard the pornography produced by men like Bob Guccione, whose Penthouse magazine reached millions of readers from 1965 on and became one of the most important texts shaping 20th-century post-war American sexual discourse? What are the ethics of engaging with media texts built on the objectification of women's bodies, and do we cause new injury by bringing those long-hidden historical publications into current discourse? I share my experiences studying Guccione's life and the magazines he published, emphasizing the case of Viva, a lushly photographed, high-end title that blended radical feminism with full-frontal male nudity in an adventurous 1970s magazine for women. Viva complicates the idea, drawn from contemporary cancel culture, that art produced by abusive creators should be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the rapidly evolving media ecosystem, the need for excellence in visual storytelling and high-performance among those doing that work has never been more critical. Similarly, practitioners maintain that innovation, entrepreneurial thinking, and novel solutions have never been more needed in media organizations. To help identify best practices, competency modeling is useful to optimize and understand the performance of visual editors. Subject matter interviews with 29 experts in a wide variety of media organizations reveal five competencies: professional, management, leadership, communication, and entrepreneurial. Visual editors noted that experience, technology training, media ethics, socially-supportive communication, and advocating for visual work across departments were key components of their work. Implications for best practices, selection, and training of these specialists are discussed, as well as the entrepreneurial nature of their pivotal role. A key insight for media organizations in need of innovative and entrepreneurial activity is that the change agents they need might be found in-house: among the ranks of visual editors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the causes, consequences, and logic of surveillance capitalism, delineating how behavioral surplus became the latest form of accumulation and questioning its ethical, legal, and material implications. The purpose of this project is to provide a decisively human response to an otherwise reductive, totalizing political economic system that uses equally reductive technology. Using history, political economy, and media ethics, it shows how surveillance capitalists use artificial intelligence (AI) to disrupt the privacy necessary for identity work and distort the moral autonomy necessary for democratic worldmaking. Exploiting human psychology and emotional vulnerabilities, surveillance capitalists interfere with our ability to become better versions of our personal and collective selves. We must therefore reject surveillance capitalism and embrace a more inconclusive understanding of democracy informed by care. While experts and technocrats can endlessly debate the potential outcomes and possibilities, the challenges of AI and an abusive surveillance capitalist system must ultimately be answered by a caring citizenry with equally resilient social institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the influence of the Indian government on digital content creation, amidst growing concerns about freedom of expression due to the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 (IT Rules). Introduced by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), these regulations have sparked debate over their impact on India’s vibrant digital audiovisual industry, which has been a bastion of diverse storytelling and production capabilities. The situation is complicated by threats from extremist groups affiliated with the BJP, and right-wing groups against platforms like Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, raising suspicions that these legislative measures serve ideological and political agendas under the guise of ‘digital welfare’. Through a mixed-method approach comprising qualitative content analysis of the IT Rules, discourse analysis of governmental communications, and interviews with practitioners and policy experts, the study explores the triangulated power dynamics between the state, global platforms, and content creators. It reveals how state intervention, presented as a nation-building effort, effectively legitimises digital and mob censorship, encourages self-censorship among creators due to policy ambiguity, and aligns digital content creation closely with the state’s ideological objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media ethics has long been haunted by the question of representing human beings' vulnerability to violence. While journalism and photojournalism have an obligation to report on the realities of violence and suffering in the world, the "spectacle of suffering" is fraught with ethical dilemmas. In this essay, I seek to theorize the ethics of vulnerability to violence in media representation. As a starting point, I argue for the politics of embodiment as a generative process that constitutes differential vulnerabilities. I move then to consider the way embodied vulnerabilities play out in the media, as exemplified by recent events such as the Black Lives Matter and MeToo movements as well as in times of war, from Vietnam to, more recently, Ukraine and Israel/Palestine. This leads to considerations of spectatorship: who looks and who is looked at? How are these relations of gazing related to the vectors of social and geopolitical power? Are images of embodied vulnerability simply media spectacles that reinforce power hierarchies, or are they powerful prosocial messages that might mobilize humanitarian activism? To address these epistemic questions, I propose that the feminist ethics of care encompasses an invitational rhetoric that can guide media praxis. Care ethics is aligned with various religious epistemologies, and because of that, I argue for it as an umbrella framework that has application in a variety of national and cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital journalism is facing a growing number of challenges as the wave of digital transformation enters a new phase. The changes, both slow and sudden, are making it increasingly necessary for there to be a shift amid the transition. The surge of artificial intelligence (AI) in the journalistic world has ushered in what appears to be a new phase for digitalisation and journalism's role as a producer of factual information and knowledge in society. Current debates suggest that we are at a critical time to reinvent journalism for the new wave of digital transformation. In this stage, which recently began and which some are calling the Fourth Industrial Revolution, both professionals and academics point to the need to make journalism more resilient, so it can adapt to the changes without losing its basic essence, and more people-centred, helping to support individuals in the age of AI. This article analyses the challenges from the perspectives of both academics and professional journalists, based on their codes of ethics. The methodology used is a content analysis of 45 European ethical codes and the Delphi method, involving experts from the journalistic sector and academia. The results highlight that codes of ethics have not kept pace with these professionally and expert-led debates, as few mention new technologies such as artificial intelligence and they tend to focus more on disinformation and social engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspaper organisations have seen their models overturned, largely due to the digitisation of formats. While the existing literature on media management has identified the economic and strategic consequences of this creeping digitalisation, there is a need for more in-depth analysis. How can digitalisation provide an opportunity for traditional news media organisations to regain their lost social legitimacy by enhancing the human development of societies? In this exploratory article, we study the recent "humanistic turn" in business ethics to draw theoretical insights for the newspaper sector. We then present a concrete example of an original digital project illustrating this possible shift, allowing us to discuss some of its theoretical and managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AI in news media can make journalism easier for overburdened resources without replacing journalists' unique skills. Additionally, AI can enhance new forms of participation and leverage new products that could increase news media consumption. The objective of this study was to analyze the ethical concerns of participants associated with AI in news reporting and their impact on trust, accuracy, and credibility. This cross-sectional study surveyed 100 journalists from Youm7 News, Cairo 24 News, and the Emirates News Agency using a structured questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards AI in news coverage. Data were collected both online and via paper forms, analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, and significance testing. Stratified sampling ensured diverse representation across demographic and professional groups. The study analyzed data from 100 participants, revealing a mean age category of 25-34 years. A significant relationship was found between perception of AI and trust in AI news (Pearson Chi-Square = 18.447, p = 0.018). Additionally, AI was perceived to significantly improve accuracy (t = 3.342, p = 0.001) and benefits (F = 3.756, p = 0.027). The regression model explained 27.5% of the variance in trust in AI news (R² = 0.275, p = 0.001). AI in news coverage presents both efficiency and challenges, necessitating ethical guidelines and effective training to ensure transparency and enhance journalist integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This summary provides an overview of two new books in the field of media ethics. "Teaching Media Ethics" is a resource for educators, emphasizing the importance of ethics education in media and communication. "Anthropological Realism" offers a theoretical framework for global media ethics, challenging existing frameworks and discussing the role of language and interpretation in ethics. The article recommends both books as valuable resources for educators and scholars in the field. Additionally, the summary briefly mentions ethics-related scholarship in other fields such as business, bioethics, and engineering. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Church in the World / Crkva u Svijetu is the property of University of Split, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is an examination of war propaganda and correspondents in concomitance with the 1948 Resolution 217A of the UN Covenant prohibiting war propaganda under the rubric of media ethics and the applicable principles and guidelines. The thematic internal contradictions of war propaganda and the intentional or unintentional disregard for ethical news analysis, coverage, reportage, and objectivity are examined. The United Nations' International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits war propaganda. This qualitative study calls for the continuation of compelling scholarship to advance human rights to live in peace and constructive social change through serious ethical application and consideration in the coverage and reportage of war. Four of the objectives of this study are to (i) promote an update of the 1948 Resolution 217A of the UN Covenant prohibiting war propaganda; (ii) re-emphasize the necessity for media ethics in belligerent and non-aggressive theaters; (iii) address some of the internal conflicts in media ethics' principles of universality; and (iv) contribute to the literature on war propaganda, human rights to live in peace, and media ethics. The study is significant because there is the need for a dispassionate, objective and scholarly examination of the phenomenon at a time of crises across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of quantitative characteristics of the influence of cultural and religious characteristics of individual civilizational (cultural) regions on the work of the media. The study was conducted with the help of media analytics experts selected according to strictly defined criteria, who, using the Delphi method, determined the number and characteristics of narratives in the most popular media of three regions - the United States, China and the Arab countries of the Middle East. In the course of numerous iterations, the criteria for identifying a narrative and its characteristics about the objectives of the study were empirically determined. The study reveals significant findings about distinct patterns of engagement with internal and external narratives within the three examined regions. Each region, driven by its unique cultural and historical attributes, strives to ensure sustainability and media antifragility through diverse approaches. The practical contribution of the study can be used in the analysis and organization of the work of international media, taking into account the cultural and civilizational characteristics of large audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of social media as a platform for notaries to publicize their work is increasingly rampant in today's digital era. However, there are several limitations that need to be considered, and many notaries are deemed to have violated the code of ethics and applicable legal regulations. This research aims to identify the limitations in the use of social media for notaries and the legal consequences if notaries promote themselves on social media. The research method used is doctrinal research with a normative juridical approach, involving an analysis of laws and regulations, the notary code of ethics, and related case studies. The results of the study indicate that the activities of using social media for notaries have restrictions, such as the prohibition on publishing or promoting themselves by listing their positions. Violations of these limitations can result in moral sanctions or legal sanctions. These findings have important implications for notary practices and regulatory enforcement in the digital era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sheds light on the unprecedented complexities of the Israel–Gaza war, offering insights into the challenges that journalists face in this conflict zone. It employs the Hierarchy of Influences Model to analyze the factors influencing conflict reporting within the dynamic landscape of contemporary war journalism. Rooted in the Hierarchy of Influences Model, the research is informed by interviews with 18 Palestinian journalists in Gaza. It examines the multifaceted influences on war coverage, encompassing individual, media routines, organizational, and societal factors, offering detailed insights from journalists' firsthand experiences. The research unveils semi-hierarchical influences within the model, illustrating the intertwined nature of micro and macro-level factors impacting war reporting. It sheds light on the complexities of journalistic practices amidst conflicts, underscoring the importance of safety, ethics, and the intricate relationship between personal experiences and professional duties as well as the evolving role of technology, acting both as a facilitator and a limitation in journalistic endeavors. The study holds substantial implications for war journalism practices, providing valuable perspectives for educators, policymakers, stakeholders, and media practitioners engaged in conflict reporting. It highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the challenges faced by journalists in conflict regions to enhance the quality and accuracy of war reporting. By uncovering the challenges and influences affecting war reporting, this research contributes to the broader discourse on media ethics, safety protocols, and the societal impact of conflict coverage. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive support systems and ethical guidelines to safeguard journalists operating in volatile regions. Bridging academic and practical perspectives on conflict reporting, this study offers unique insights into reporting complexities in the Israel–Gaza War. It emphasizes the critical role of journalistic practices in navigating hazards and limitations, amid evolving challenges for the media in portraying conflicts accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Paradigma: Jurnal Multidisipliner Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Indonesia is the property of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Himpunan Mahasiswa Pascasarjana, Bidang Jurnal Paradigma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article critiques the Information Technology (Intermediaries Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 ("the Rules") as they relate to online journalism. The Government's stated objective for making the Rules is to "level the playing field" of online journalism with print journalism. I examine whether and how the Government satisfies this objective. I make two broad claims. First, the Rules fail to "level the playing field". The objectives, philosophical approach, and substance of the new regulatory scheme are significantly different from those that govern print journalism, and to the disadvantage of online journalism. Second, rather than "levelling the playing field", the Rules give the Government overwhelming control of online journalism. The Government exercises ultimate control over the regulatory structures and gives itself unprecedented censorship powers over online journalism. If my claims are correct, the Rules will have catastrophic consequences for online journalism and Indian democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of a history of an unethical news media system used by the state as an instrument of oppression, media ethics in South Africa is intended to uphold the foundational tenets of journalism and play a pivotal role in addressing issues of diversity, equity, and social justice. Most recently, the 2021 Inquiry into Media Ethics and Credibility report instructed media watchdogs, such as the South African Press Council, to track data concerning ethical breaches based on the potential that such data can contribute to transparency and accountability. This study examines the trends in ethical issues raised in rulings by the South African Press Council (PCSA) over the period 2018–2022. Our analysis found that most of the South African news media publications registered with PCSA have a good track record when it comes to upholding ethical standards. However, a few publications have a disproportionate share of the complaints against them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It should come as no surprise that a music and arts festival dogged by scandal would lead to two separate documentaries that each raise ethical concerns. The 2017 demise of the Fyre Festival, a would-be luxury music event in the Bahamas targeted at millennials, inspired late-night comedians' jokes, social media schadenfreude and so far, two documentaries detailing how things went so wrong. Both films detail the maddening twists and turns during the preparations for the Fyre Festival and make it clear to viewers that it was doomed from the start. Both films also contain potential conflicts of interest that are notable, and notably absent from discussion or clarification in either film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the assertion of new norms for ethical behavior in U.S. documentary production between 2014 and 2022, examining efforts both within media companies and independent filmmaking organizations. It reports historical resistance to establishing shared ethical expectations among documentary filmmakers and how recent movements and changing conditions in the media landscape have sparked conversations and initiatives aimed at setting ethical standards.

The growing significance of social media in research demands new ethical standards and practices. Although a substantial body of literature on social media ethics exists, studies on the ethics of conducting research using social media are scarce. The emergence of new evidence sources, like social media, requires innovative methods and renewed consideration of research ethics. Therefore, we pose the following question: What are the defining characteristics of ethics papers on social media research? Following a modified version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, we analyzed 34 publications based on ten variables: author gender, publication year, region, academic discipline, type, design, methodology, social media platform in focus, positionality statement, and ethical issues. Our findings suggest contemporary social media research ethics primarily reflects the ethical ideals of the Global North, with limited representation from the Global South. Women authors have published more papers than men authors. Previous studies have prioritized ethical concerns such as privacy, informed consent, and anonymity while overlooking researchers' risks and the ethics of social media sites. We particularly emphasized the lack of researchers' positionality statements in research. Our findings will pave the way to understanding social media ethics better, especially with the rapid growth of social media research in global scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of artificial intelligence in a manner similar to the evolution of the living world through adaptation to the social environment and survival of the fittest algorithms has led to the emergence of species of programs that challenge the way media products are made and used. The very classical structure of mediated communication, and with it the perception of the public, is now altered by the interposition of generative software. An ecology of the products made with the help of these programs and an ethics that establish milestones on the road to technological advancement in public communication are evidently necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CAMPAIGN FOR GENERAL ELECTIONS INTO THE PRESIDENCY, GUBERNATORIAL, NATIONAL AND STATE ASSEMBLES ARE A 4-YEAR RITUAL IN NIGERIA ORGANIZED BY INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION TO ELECT OR RE- ELECT OUR REPRESENTATIVE AT BOTH STATE AND NATIONAL LEVELS. ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA HAVE OFTEN BEEN CONDUCTED IN AN ATMOSPHERE OF SUSPICION, FEAR AND BRICK BATTING AND SOMETIMES WITH VIOLENCE UNLEASHED ON POLITICAL ASPIRANTS. BECAUSE OF THE ATTENDANT POMP AND PAGEANTRY AND WINNERS TAKEIT-ALL SYNDROME COUPLED WITH OVER BLOATED TAKE- HOME PACKAGES, ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA HAVE OFTEN BEEN REGARDED AS A DO OR DIE AFFAIR. THE MEDIA HAS BEEN TOUTED AS THE FOURTH ESTATE OF THE REALM WITH A LOT OF RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER THE CONSTITUTION, AND HAS BEEN GUARANTEED FREEDOM TO ACCESS AND DISSEMINATE NEWS UNIMPEDED. THERE IS THE UNDERLYING FEELING THAT THE MEDIA HAS BEEN COMPROMISED AND STOMACH INFRASTRUCTURE IS BEGINNING TO PLAY OUT. OPINIONS ARE BEGINNING TO EMERGE ABOUT THE FRACTIONALIZATION OF THE MEDIA ALONG ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS AND OWNERSHIP DIVIDE, ESPECIALLY AS IT PERTAINS TO 2023 GENERAL ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA. THIS STUDY SEEKS TO FIND OUT THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MEDIA BEARING IN MIND THAT MEDIA PROFESSIONALS HAVE FORE KNOWLEDGE THAT MEDIA THEORIES, MEDIA ETHICS AND THE OBJECTIVITY QUESTION WHICH REQUIRES THAT MEDIA BE IMPARTIAL AND UNBIASED UMPIRES AT ALL TIMES, COME TO THE FRONT BURNER ESPECIALLY IN A SENSITIVE ISSUE AS ELECTIONS. THE STUDY HAS AS ITS SPRINGBOARD THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY AND EMPLOYED DEPTH INTERVIEW OF 10 SEASONED JOURNALISTS/ MEDIA SCHOLARS CONVENIENTLY SELECTED TO FIND OUT THE INTERPLAY OF THEORIES SUCH AS DEVELOPMENT MEDIA THEORY, AGENDA SETTING THEORY AND STATUS CONFERRAL THEORY AND OTHERS ON THE ELECTIONEERING ACTIVITIES OF 4 TELEVISION STATIONS-NIGERIAN TELEVISION AUTHORITY BASED IN ABUJA, CHANNELS TELEVISION, ARISE TELEVISION AND TVC NEWS BASED IN LAGOS. THE STUDY DISCOVERED SUBSTANTIAL NONCOMPLIANCE WITH MEDIA ETHICS AND THE OBJECTIVITY QUESTION. HOWEVER, THERE WAS AN INTERPLAY OF A NUMBER OF MEDIA THEORIES IN THE NUMEROUS ACTIVITIES EMBARKED UPON BY THE MEDIA PERSONNEL IN THE MEDIA HOUSES UNDER SCRUTINY AND RECOMMENDED A SYSTEMATIC PROGRAMMED TRAINING AND RETRAINING FOR ALL MEDIA PERSONNEL FOR A BETTER RE- ORIENTATION AND PROACTIVE PERFORMANCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the power of words and their impact on society throughout history. It highlights examples such as Father Charles Coughlin's hate-filled radio sermons in the 1930s, which incited violence against Jews, and Mississippi officials' use of words to perpetuate white supremacy in the 1950s and 1960s. The article also explores the historical context of language used in 19th-century press coverage of land use policies and the role of words in shaping public opinion on climate policy. Lastly, it tells the story of Tel Ra Productions, a Philadelphia-based film production company that played a significant role in capturing sports on film for early television. The author emphasizes the importance of documenting and retelling historical events truthfully and honestly to prevent the repetition of past wrongs. [Extracted from the article]

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The article discusses the rise of movies in India that depict scenes of sexual abuse and rape, often glorifying the acts and portraying them in a detailed and graphic manner. These movies often present rape as a tool for power and ownership, with the perpetrators being the sons of influential and powerful fathers. The article provides examples of such movies and highlights the negative socio-cultural impact they have, perpetuating violence against women and promoting the idea that women desire violence. The authors suggest that stricter filtering and certification by the Indian Censor Board, as well as the adoption of an accepted moral code by the media industry, could address this issue. [Extracted from the article]

The article investigates the issue and the mechanisms of censorship and self-censorship in Soviet philosophy. The major forms of censorship are described and analyzed together with their epistemological implications and the peculiar policy of truth. The philosophical problem of defining and describing "facts" and ideological judgments during the "double" technique of reading and re-reading was exposed in the articles of V.F. Asmus and V.V. Bibikhin, thinkers, who experienced the self-censorship and reflected upon this in their texts. Analyzing the complex relation between the "dogmatic" or "critical" foreword and the original word is important, as is reconstructing and deconstructing the way we can reread the ideologically biased foreword, which might be a certain reliquary or protective camouflage, acting as, potentially, either a deactivator or an inhibitor of the reader's own interpreting efforts. The given case of an attentive reading of V. Asmus' foreword to the Tractatus Logicus-Philosophicus can itself become an interesting philosophical language game. Interpretation of the foreword may reveal a hidden sense and references and encourage reflection based on the "common sense" assessments and perception of text. These hermeneutical exercises on reading forewords may paradoxically provoke starting the dialogue with the alternative foreword by B. Russell and the text of L. Wittgenstein himself, on one hand, and Marxism-Leninism and its variations in the form of historical materialism and Soviet dialectical materialism, on another. The situation of attentive reading with "a throat, strangled by ideology" is opposed to the power of imaginative "broadening of vocal ranges of the Others" thinking, whereas an inattentive reading of the text leaves a complete disability to object, or reply, to the censorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kathryn Millard. Double Exposure: How Social Psychology Fell in Love with the Movies. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2022, 170 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN: 9781978809451. Wyatt Moss-Wellington. Cognitive Film and Media Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, 208 pp., $43.99 (paperback), ISBN: 9780197552896. Mathias Clasen. A Very Nervous Person's Guide to Horror Movies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, 208 pp, $14.99 (softcover), ISBN: 9780197535905. Carl Plantinga. Alternative Realities. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2020, 168 pp., $21.95 (paperback), ISBN: 9780813599816. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) suggests that people attribute gender to (some) robots. In this paper we outline a program of research on the gendering of robots and on the ethical issues raised by such gendering. Understanding which robots are gendered, when, and why, will require careful research in HRI, drawing on anthropology and social psychology, informed by state-of-the-art research in gender studies and critical theory. Design features of robots that might influence the attribution of gender include: appearance; tone of voice; speech repertoire; range and style of movement; behaviour; and, intended function. Robots may be gendered differently depending on: the age, class, sex, ethnicity, and sexuality of the person doing the attributing; local cultural histories; social cues from the designers, the physical and institutional environment, and other users; and the role of the robot. An adequate account of the gender of robots will also need to pay attention to the limits of a sex/gender distinction, which has historically been maintained by reference to a "sex" located in a biological body, when it comes to theorising the gender of robots. We argue that, on some accounts of what it is to be sexed, robots might "have" sex: they might be male and female in just the same way as (most) human beings are. Addressing the ethical issues raised by the gendering of robots will require further progress in "robot media ethics", as well as an account of the responsibilities of both designers and users in a broader social context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mixed-methods study examines autonomy and shifts in the evolving digital news industry. Autonomous agency of news workers is an essential indicator of how journalism work is fulfilling its role as the Fourth Estate in American democracy. This work responds to calls in media ethics, media sociology and moral ecology to better understand how organizational structure and individual moral psychology factors influence the levels at which digital news workers exhibit autonomy within their digital news organizations. Using participant observation, a unique survey and respondent interviewing, I worked for one year with a digitally native hyper-local news organization to examine how organizational structure, leadership, socialization, and individual factors influenced autonomy levels in the staff. Results found overall high levels of autonomy in the editorial staff, but with many constraints such as financial pressures, perceived lack of time, a high pressure to perform multiple jobs and duties outside of the scope of typical legacy journalism job descriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of media ethicists is not only to shine a light on the dilemmas facing our field, but also to point out what the moral issues of the day are. Why is it that some cases and issues appear on our radar, in our textbooks, web sites and journals? Using the example of how the problematic nature of the Apu character in The Simpsons escaped the attention of this author and other media ethicists, this essay explores how media ethicists can be better aware of their own blind spots. Given our limited cognitive abilities and unconscious biases, I will argue that media ethicists could potentially benefit from the help of a theoretical media ethics moral machine (MeMorMach), especially in instances where they are unaware of the potential violation of an established norm. But when normative change occurs, such a device would be less useful in tracking this change and alerting them, especially to those adhering to a constructivist meta-ethical framework. The essay concludes with a call for media ethicists to pay attention to and assist so-called moral enquirers, advocates who, through personal engagement, enact normative change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the opportunities and challenges of using journalistic exemplars in the digital network to explicate intellectual virtues necessary for flourishing in that network. It seeks to advance media ethics theorizing by drawing together exemplar-based virtue theory, specifically Zagzebski's Exemplarist Moral Theory, and work on intellectual virtues, in particular Baehr's delineation of nine intellectual virtues. After a description of theoretical foundations, this article articulates an approach to identifying and explicating intellectual virtues through journalistic exemplars in the digital network. It then applies this approach to the work of two journalists who have frequently and thoughtfully used social media. This exploratory analysis suggests the proposed approach holds promise for explication of individual virtues and identification of patterns among them. The approach also carries challenges and limitations, partly related to the nature and scope of virtual evidence for enactment of virtues by journalists. The authors suggest future research to minimize these limitations and continue advancing theorizing within this framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Greatest Night in Pop" is a documentary directed by Bao Nguyen and available on Netflix. It explores the making of the iconic song "We Are the World," which brought together legendary artists such as Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie, Stevie Wonder, Bruce Springsteen, Cyndi Lauper, and Bob Dylan. The documentary focuses on the recording session and the challenges faced by these artists as they united to raise awareness and funds for the Ethiopian famine of 1983-1985. The film highlights the impact of the song, which raised over $80 million for humanitarian causes in Africa and continues to inspire unity and solidarity through music. This documentary offers valuable insights for academic study in fields such as documentary filmmaking, media ethics, cultural studies, and journalism reporting. [Extracted from the article]

"News After Trump: Journalism's Crisis of Relevance in a Changed Media Culture" by Matt Carlson, Sue Robinson, and Seth Lewis is a book that examines the impact of U.S. President Donald Trump's presidency on journalism. The authors explore topics such as the role of the audience, hostility towards the press, diversity in newsrooms, and the changing media landscape. The book presents two paths forward for journalism: a traditional model that emphasizes professionalism and a moral voice approach that acknowledges the diverse experiences of journalists. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by journalism in the current media climate. [Extracted from the article]