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2. Estimating the Energy Demand and Carbon Emission Reduction Potential of Singapore's Future Road Transport Sector.

Author

Devihosur, Shiddalingeshwar Channabasappa, Chidire, Anurag, Massier, Tobias, and Hamacher, Thomas

Abstract

About 20% of the world's CO2 emissions originate from transport. Many countries are committed to decarbonizing their transport sector. Singapore pledged to electrify a whole host of its land transportation fleet, which includes private cars, public buses, ride-hail vehicles, and motorcycles. This paper proposes a simple empirical framework to estimate the future energy demand after 100% electrification has been realized for nine selected road transport vehicle sub-classes and to calculate the carbon emission reduction potential based on various scenarios. The present energy demand for each vehicle sub-class is first calculated based on parameters like petrol and diesel consumption, heat value and density of petrol and diesel, population of vehicle type, and average mileage per vehicle sub-class. Several scenarios are presented, and an analysis is carried out to derive a range of emission factors which are used to estimate the carbon emission reduction potential. Relative to the present day, the future energy demand estimates reveal an overall reduction of 73.60%. Full electrification and a "clean" power generation mix could lead to an emission reduction as high as 93.64% across all vehicles sub-classes, with private cars having the highest reduction potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Quantifying the Effect on the Load Shifting Potential of Buildings due to Ancillary Service Provision

Author

Hanif, Sarmad, Greuntgens, Christoph, Massier, Tobias, Hamacher, Thomas, and Reindl, Thomas

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

This paper analyzes the pessimistic effect on the inherent load shifting potential (LSP) of buildings due to the participation in the reserve market. A generic model-based optimization approach is deployed, which uses a validated dynamic model along with its experienced external and internal disturbances, to quantify the LSP in the presence of various price signals. The theoretical maximum LSP is obtained using a base energy price without the provision of ancillary services (AS). The deviation from the base case LSP is observed after including the time varying energy and the reserve price from the spot market. Factors affecting the LSP are found to be as: (1) physics of the model, (2) the nature of price signal and (3) the competency of the reserve price with respect to the energy price. Due to its simple formulation, low computation requirements, and modular nature, the method proposed in this paper can easily be deployed by retailers and system operators for the assessment of monetary incentives as well as qualified load type for various demand response (DR) services in liberalized markets.

Published
2016
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4. Robust Reserve Capacity Provision and Peak Load Reduction from Buildings in Smart Grids

Author

Hanif, Sarmad, Melo, D. F. R., Maasoumy, Mehdi, Massier, Tobias, Hamacher, Thomas, and Reindl, Thomas

Subjects
Computer Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

This paper proposes a robust demand-side control algorithm in a smart grid environment for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. A robust model predictive control (RMPC) scheme in a receding horizon fashion is deployed, which optimizes electricity cost and capacity market participation of the HVAC system, while satisfying comfort and operational constraints of the building and utility, respectively. Thermal load uncertainties experienced by the HVAC system are included to perform a realistic assessment of the developed controller. The National Electricity Market of Singapore (NEMS) is used as a case study and the developed RMPC scheme is tested for various price signals and scenarios. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the developed framework to be readily adopted by utilities -- interested in realizing a grid-friendly and economicaly eficient demand response (DR) strategy.

Published
2016
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18. Zur strukturellen Analyse analoger integrierter Schaltungen in CMOS und Bipolar

Author

Massier, Tobias, Schlichtmann, Ulf (Prof. Dr.), and Schmitt-Landsiedel, Doris (Prof. Dr.)

Subjects
Ingenieurwissenschaften, analog, sizing rules, circuit design, integrated circuits, CMOS, bipolar, analog, Dimensionierungsregeln, Schaltungsentwurf, integrierte Schaltungen, CMOS, bipolar, ddc:620
Abstract

Design of analog integrated circuits requires consideration of so-called sizing rules. These rules ascertain that, for instance, single transistors may not leave a certain operating region. Experimental results show that the consideration of sizing rules leads to more robust circuits and accelerates the design process. In this work, a new method for automatic structure analysis of analog circuits and the involved generation of these rules is presented. In contrast to previous approaches, this new method for structure analysis produces reliable results that require no or only little manual post-processing. Additionally, sizing rules for bipolar transistors were determined for the first time. Beim Entwurf analoger integrierter Schaltungen sind sogenannte Dimensionierungsregeln zu beachten. Diese Regeln bestimmen, dass z.B. einzelne Transistoren einen bestimmten Arbeitsbereich nicht verlassen dürfen. Experimentelle Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Berücksichtigung von Dimensionierungsregeln zu robusteren Schaltungen bei kürzerer Entwurfszeit führt. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neues Verfahren zur automatischen Strukturanalyse analoger Schaltungen und der damit verbundenen Generierung dieser Regeln vorgestellt. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Ansätzen liefert dieses neue Verfahren zur Strukturanalyse verlässliche Ergebnisse, die keinerlei oder nur geringfügige manuelle Nachbearbeitung erfordert. Außerdem wurden erstmals Dimensionierungsregeln für Bipolartransistoren ermittelt.

Published
2019

31. District cooling network optimization with redundancy constraints in Singapore

Author

Dorfner, Johannes, Krystallas, Patrick, Durst, Magdalena, and Massier, Tobias

Subjects
Ingenieurwissenschaften, District cooling, Mathematical optimization, Mixed-integer linear programming, Redundancy, ddc:620, ddc
Abstract

This study presents a mathematical optimization model for planning topology and capacity of a district cooling network. The model relies on a mixed-integer linear programming formulation to find the most economic network layout while satisfying redundancy criteria against unavailability of cooling stations. The simplicity of the formulation makes it easy to embed in other models or to extend it to other redundancy cases.

Published
2016

46. Modelling a Low-Carbon Power System for Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore

Author

Stich, Jürgen, Mannhart, Melanie, Zipperle, Thomas, Massier, Tobias, Huber, Matthias, and Hamacher, Thomas

Subjects
Renewable Energy Integration, Asia, Power System, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, ddc
Abstract

The power demand of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore is predicted to increase dramatically in the next decades. Due to abundant reserves of coal and gas in the region, the extensive use of fossil fuels is most likely to cover the future power demand of these countries, leading to an enormous growth of CO2 emissions. In this paper, we analyse the impact of restrictions on CO2 emissions on the power supply of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore in the year 2035. Based on a reference scenario without restrictions on CO2 emissions, cost-minimal options for a more sustainable power supply with lower CO2 emissions are developed. In our study, we use a linear programming model that optimises power systems in hourly time steps by minimising their total generation and transmission cost. Results show that even without CO2 restrictions, the generation potential of geothermal, hydro and biomass is almost completely used. Without restrictions, CO2 emissions related to power generation increase from 217 mio. tons in 2012 to 944 mio. tons in 2035 as the power generation is strongly based on coal. The construction of gas-fired power plants and solar PV reduces CO2 emissions most cost-efficiently. Further cost-minimised reduction of CO2 emissions requires the installation of wind turbines. The construction of international transmission lines has the potential to save total cost of generation and transmission in the order of some percent.

Published
2013

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